Tracking Stone: Recent Approaches to Reconstructing the Transport of Lithic Raw Materials and Artifacts
1111thth International Symposium on Knappable Materials
“From“From Toolstone to Stone Tools”
Buenos Aires, Argentina 2017 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
“From Toolstone to Stone Tools”
Book of Abstracts
Buenos Aires-Argentina November 7-12th, 2017 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials : From Toolstone to Stone Tools / Jimena Alberti ... [et al.] ; compilado por Jimena Alberti ... [et al.]. - 1a ed. - Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires : IMHICIHU - Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas, 2017. Libro digital, PDF.
Archivo digital: descarga y online ISBN 978-987-46360-4-1
1. Arqueología. 2. Congreso. 3. Ciencia. I. Alberti, Jimena II. Alberti, Jimena, comp. CDD 930.1
1st edition
Edition by Juan Pablo Lavagnino Proofreading by Jimena Alberti, Karen Borrazzo, Silvana Buscaglia, Analía Castro Esnal, Alejandra Elías and Nora Franco Cover design by Juan Pablo Lavagnino Cover image by Marcelo Cardillo Interior design by Juan Pablo Lavagnino
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form o by any means, without permission from editors. Organizing institution
Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas-CONICET
Supporting institutions
Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano - Ministerio de Área de Arqueología y Museos de Cultura, Presidencia de la Nación la Municipalidad de Necochea
11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
President Nora Franco (IMHICIHU-CONICET and Universidad de Buenos Aires)
Vice President Otis Crandell (Universidade Federal do Paraná)
Organizing Committee
Jimena Alberti (IMHICIHU-CONICET) Karen Borrazzo (IMHICIHU-CONICET and Universidad de Buenos Aires) Silvana Buscaglia (IMHICIHU-CONICET) Analía Castro Esnal (INAPL-CONICET) Alejandra Elías (INAPL-CONICET) Patricia Brousse (CONICET, Saavedra 15) Daniel Hereñú (IMHICIHU-CONICET) Patricia L. Franco
Field Trip Organizing Committee Nora Flegenheimer (Área de Museos de la Municipalidad de Necochea-CONICET) Mariano Colombo (Área de Museos de la Municipalidad de Necochea) Agueda Caro Petersen (Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Necochea) Natalia Mazzia (Área de Arqueología Municipalidad de Necochea-CONICET) Celeste Weitzel (Área de Arqueología Municipalidad de Necochea-CONICET)
Assistants Agustín Agnolin (INAPL-CONICET) Irene C. Bracco (Departamento de Antropología, FFyL-UBA) Paula D. Calandrón (Departamento de Antropología, FFyL-UBA) Clara Compagno Zoan (Departamento de Antropología, FFyL-UBA) Eugenia Carranza (IMHICIHU-CONICET) Maria Victoria Fiel (Departamento de Antropología, FFyL-UBA) Lucía A. Gutiérrez (UBA-INAPL) Florencia E. Ronco (INAPL and Departamento de Antropología, FFyL-UBA) Agustina Rughini (Departamento de Antropología, FFyL-UBA) María Vardé (IDA-UBA, CONICET)
Scientific Committee
Daniel S. Amick (Loyola University Chicago) Astolfo Araujo (Universidade de São Paulo) Carlos Aschero (CONICET-Universidad de Tucumán) Cristina Bellelli (CONICET-INAPL and Universidad de Buenos Aires) Eric Boëda (Université Paris Ouest-CNRS) Luis Alberto Borrero (IMHICIHU-CONICET and Universidad de Buenos Aires) Laurenz Bourguignon (Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives, France) Adrián Burke (Université de Montréal) Phillip Carr (University of South Alabama) María Teresa Civalero (CONICET-INAPL and Universidad de Buenos Aires) Valeria Cortegoso (CONICET-LPEH and Universidad Nacional de Cuyo) Otis Crandell (Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil) Patricia Escola (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Catamarca) Nora Flegenheimer (CONICET-Área de Arqueología Municipalidad de Necochea) Nora Franco (IMHICIHU-CONICET and Universidad de Buenos Aires) Michael Glascock (University of Missouri) Kelly Graf (Texas A&M University) Patrick Julig (Laurentian University, Canada) Xavier Mangado (Universidad de Barcelona) Estela Mansur (CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego) César Méndez Melgar (CIEP) Yoshi Nishiaki (University of Tokyo) Ryan Parish (University of Memphis) Marta Sánchez de la Torre (Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux-Centre de Recherche en Physique appliquée à l’Archéologie, IRAMAT-CRP2A) Charles R. Stern (University of Colorado, Boulder) Robin Torrence (Australian Museum, Sydney) Sponsors
11th ISKM Official Carrier
Summary Schedule
FACULTAD DE POSGRADO INGENIERÍA 640 Rodríguez Peña St. Saturday Sunday 1854 Lavalle St. th th (First Floor and Ground Level) (Auditorium, Ground Level) 11 12 Tuesday 7th Wednesday 8th Thursday 9th Friday 10th
REGISTRATION Ground Level (8:30-9:40) Session 5 Session 5 Reed Room Green Room Reed Room Green Room (9:00-11:00) (9:00-11:00)
Session 11 Session 2 Session 4 Session 9 (9:40-10:40) (9:40-10:40) (9:00-11:00) (9:00-11:00)
COFFEE BREAK COFFEE BREAK COFFEE COFFEE Ground Level Ground Level BREAK BREAK (10:40-11:00) (11:00-11:20) (11:00-11:20) (11:00-11:20)
Session 11 Session 2 Session 5 Session 5 (11:00-12:20) (11:00-12:20) (11:20-12:40) (11:20-12:40) Session 4 Session 6 OPENING CEREMONY (11:20-13:00) (11:20-13:00) Red Room (12:20-13:00) LUNCH LUNCH TIME TIME (12:40-14:40) (12:40-14:40) LUNCH TIME LUNCH TIME OPTIONAL (13:00-15:00) (13:00-15:00) FIELD TRIP TO NECOCHEA Session 11 Session 2 Session 8 Session 3 Session 1 Session 1 AND (15:00-16:40) (15:00-16:40) (15:00-17:00) (15:00-17:00) (14:40-17:00) (14:40-17:00) MAR DEL PLATA POSTERS POSTERS (Departure 6:00) (Sessions 2, 7, 10 and 11) (Sessions 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9) AND COFFEE BREAK AND COFFEE BREAK POSTERS POSTERS Ground Level Ground Level (Sessions 1 (Sessions 1 (16:40-17:20) (17:00-17:40) and 5) and 5) AND AND Session 2 COFFEE COFFEE (17:20-18:20) BREAK BREAK Session 7 Session 8 Session 3 (17:00-17:40) (17:00-17:40) (17:20-19:00) (17:40-19:00) (17:40-19:00) Session 10 (18:20-19:20)
VISIT TO LA BOTICA DEL ÁNGEL (MUSEUM WELCOME TOAST GLASCOCK'S CONFERENCE AND TANGO STERN'S Ground Level Green Room SHOW) AND CONFERENCE (20:00) (20:00) CLOSING (18:00) TOAST 543 Pres. Luis Sáenz Peña St. (20:30-23:30)
Table of Contents
SESSION 1 The Role of Experiments in Lithic Technology...... 17 SESSION 2 Production and Maintenance of Stone Tools: How Were Stone Tools Made and Maintained?...... 39 SESSION 3 Tracking Stone: Recent Approaches to Reconstructing the Transport of Lithic Raw Materials and Artifacts...... 63 SESSION 4 Global Perspectives on Obsidian Provenance and Hydration Dating...... 81 SESSION 5 Learning the Lithic Landscape: Exploring the Effects of Dispersal, Migration, and Colonization on Lithic Technologies, and Vice Versa..... 101 SESSION 6 The Study of Knappable Materials in Historical Contexts. State of The Art and Analytical Perspectives...... 125 SESSION 7 Geometric Morphometrics and the Study of Lithic Artifacts: Towards an Integration with Other Approaches...... 133 SESSION 8 Chert Sourcing and Provenance Studies: Theory, Methods, and Applications...... 141 SESSION 9 “Other Than Glassy Stones”: the Selection of Biotic and Abiotic Raw Materials in Hunter-Gatherers...... 159 SESSION 10 Geochemical Methods Used to Characterize Lithic Artefacts and Sources: Research Potential and Limitations...... 171 SESSION 11 General Issues in Knappable Materials Studies...... 181
CONFERENCES...... 207
Foreword
The International Symposium on Knappable Materials (ISKM) has, since its first edition in Holland in 1969, experienced an exponential increase in the number of presentations and participating researchers, becoming a truly global symposium. Similarly, the diversity in research directions and participating disciplines has increased. Until now, the ISKM has been held only in Europe: three times in the Netherlands, and once each in the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Poland, Germany, Romania and Spain. This 11th edition of the ISKM held in the Argentine Republic is the first to take place in the American continent and has attracted 154 papers from 358 researchers, from different disciplines (mainly archaeology, but also geology and geochemistry), and from 28 countries and five continents. Given the global scientific diversity incorporated in this 11th Symposium, it marks a major event in the history of ISKM. The topics selected for the symposium are all relevant for understanding past human behavior and incorporate the most recent advances in knappable materials research. These include the identification and characterization of lithic sources, the provisioning and circulation of knappable materials, their manufacturing techniques and the use of the stone artifacts. On-line attendance, available since the 9th edition of the ISKM (Romania, 2013) has significantly expanded its geographical range, and maximized opportunities for researchers worldwide to listen and interact during the Symposium. The 11th edition offers the same service. We hope this will not only encourage and reinforce the global integration of researchers working with knappable materials, but also promote the exchange of ideas among specialists from different disciplines or theoretical backgrounds and help identify common interests for the development of cooperative projects. In addition, with a large number of early career researchers in attendance, we hope this Symposium offers ideal conditions for scientists from all generations to share research and ideas. The Organizing Institution of the 11th International Symposium on Knappable Materials is the Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMHICIHU- CONICET), but the Organizing Committee includes members from the
13 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL) and the Área de Arqueología y Museos de la Municipalidad de Necochea. The Universidad del Salvador was selected as the hosting institution, both because of its academic prestige and its technical facilities. Grants were also received. They came from Ministerio de Cultura de la Nación (Argentina), Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica from the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (FONCyT-ANPCyT, Argentina) and from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, Argentina). This event is also supported by Sociedad Argentina de Antropología (SAA), Asociación de Arqueólogos Profesionales de la República Argentina (AAPRA), Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyL-UBA) and Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL). Beta Analytic Inc (USA) is the official sponsor and Aerolíneas Argentinas is the official carrier of the Symposium. We hope that the 11th ISKM will be an enriching meeting and, given the diverse range of symposium participants, make a substantial contribution to global knappable material research.
Welcome to the 11th ISKM!
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Nora Franco, PhD Jimena Alberti, PhD Karen Borrazzo, PhD Silvana Buscaglia, PhD Analía Castro, PhD Alejandra Elías, PhD
14 SESSIONS
SESSION 1
The Role of Experiments in Lithic Technology
Organizers: Daniel S. AMICK1, Celeste WEITZEL2 and Erella HOVERS3
1Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, United States of America. [email protected] 2CONICET, Área de Arqueología Municipalidad de Necochea, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 3Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute of Archaeology, Jerusalem, Israel. [email protected]
Archaeological understanding of stone tools has long relied on knowledge gained from replication and experimentation. A wide range of approaches and goals have been undertaken in this pursuit. Sometimes this research has resulted in generalizable results while other times it has been designed to address highly specific problems. The level of rigor in these experiments has also varied – ranging from informal replications to highly controlled studies of the fracture mechanics underlying variability in lithic technology. This session brings together an international group of researchers who have been involved in conducting experiments in lithic technology to discuss their work and link it to broader perspectives on what we have learned from more than a century of this methodological endeavor. Assessing the relationship of these experimental cases and approaches to the scientific method and archaeological epistemology is an important aspect of thinking about how to best design and implement experiments in lithic technology. The primary goal of this session seeks to take stock of what we think we have learned from experiments and how that knowledge can be applied. In other words, how have these modern-day experiments in lithic technology assisted our ability to approach and interpret archaeological artifacts and assemblages? Participants are encouraged to take a comprehensive and critical perspective on this research field to assess how and why these attempts may have failed or succeeded. What obstacles and limitations have researchers encountered 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials and how have they been addressed? Where and how should research proceed in the future based on what we currently know?
18 Book of Abstracts Session 1
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
MAKING LARGE BIFACES WITH WOODEN TOOLS: SOME LESSONS IN EXPERIMENTAL TECHNOLOGY James C. WOODS1 and John E. CLARK2
1Department of Social Science, College of Southern Idaho, United States of America. [email protected] 2Department of Anthropology, Brigham Young University, United States of America. [email protected]
The experiments reported in this We found that a range of hard woods paper arose from the intersection of make excellent tools for percussion two questions and interests grounded and pressure tools for making in Mesoamerican archaeology. Native obsidian and flint tools. In many sources describe the use of wood respects, wooden tools are superior for making fine pressure blades, and to tools of antler and stone. Our much of our experimentation has beginning students mastered wooden involved testing different kinds of tools much more quickly than those wood for this purpose. For the past of stone or antler. Wooden tools are two years we have explored the use of superb for making exceptionally wood as percussion tools for making wide, flat bifaces such as known in bifaces and percussion blades. We the Maya region and for some Clovis know of no accounts of such use, caches. The thinning flakes made and we did not have any particular with hardwood are larger and flatter archaeological question in view – than those produced with antler or just curiosity about the feasibility of stone tools and are archaeologically wood for making obsidian bifaces. recognizable.
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FLAKING LEFT-HANDED WITH THE RIGHT HAND: TOWARDS A RECONSTRUCTION OF TEOTIHUACAN BIFACE TECHNOLOGY John E. CLARK1 and James C. WOODS2
1Department of Anthropology, Brigham Young University, United States of America. [email protected] 2Department of Social Science, College of Southern Idaho, United States of America. [email protected]
Obsidian bifaces found at features of Teotihuacan bifaces. Our Teotihuacan are notable for their hypothesis is that most Teotihuacan unusual pattern of oblique, parallel knappers were right-handed, thus flaking that is generally considered we sought to duplicate the “left- “left-handed.” This characterization handed” pattern while flaking right- of the flake pattern is based on a handed. Through trial and error particular mode of flaking that is we stumbled onto a technique that variously known as the Ishi technique duplicates all the critical features of or the Don Crabtree technique, Teotihuacan bifaces. We obtain the currently the most common best results by using pressure flakers technique among flintknappers. of hard wood somewhat similar to It is known that other methods of those used by Australian Aborigines holding and flaking can result in the to make Kimberley Points. The same flaking pattern by flaking with technique we follow included insights the right hand, as with the technique from descriptions of the Australian used by Gene Titmus. In this paper techniques, especially the step of we describe our experiments with “centering the edge.” attempting to replicate the major
20 Book of Abstracts Session 1
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO THE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF ASHLARS OF THE PYRAMID OF AKAPANA, TIWANAKU Ruben S. MAMANI ROQUE1
1Unidad de Arqueología y Museos, Ministerio de Culturas y Turismo, La Paz, Bolivia. [email protected]
In the following work is made tools during the experimentation, an approach to the manufacturing with traces of tools coming from processes of the ashlars of the pyramid the pyramid of Akapana. It was of Akapana, Tiwanaku (400 to 1150 established that both sets of tools have d.C.). It establishes the procedures the same patterns of use footprints of production of ashlars that are the established in two different typologies most recurrent architectural element confirming the hypothesis that the in the civic-religious structures of technology of the production of the the monumental center of Tiwanaku. ashlars involves only lithic tools. With We worked under the theoretical the results of the experimentation premise of the experimental method process, it was realized projections applied to archeology, performing of construction times of wall 2 of a series of experiments to establish the pyramid of Akapana being that, the lithic tools involved in the depending on the number of people grinding and polishing of the ashlars. involved, the construction time Macroscopically we compared would be lower than that established the traces of use generated in the by some authors.
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RECONSTRUCTING PALEOINDIAN LITHIC TECHNOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLIMENTARY EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES Thomas A. JENNINGS1, Ashley M. SMALLWOOD2 and Charlotte D. PEVNY3
1Department of Anthropology, University of West Georgia, United States of America. [email protected] 2Department of Anthropology, University of West Georgia, United States of America. [email protected] 3SEARCH, Inc., New Orleans, LA, United States of America. [email protected]
A major goal in hunter-gatherer characteristics of stone artifacts and studies is understanding the structure the behaviors that created them. and role of technological organization Importantly, one experiment alone as it relates to other aspects of life. cannot fully answer all questions For prehistoric archaeologists, lithic related to technological organization; analysis of artifact assemblages is combinations of complimentary critical because stone was often a experiments are needed. In this key resource, and, due to differential paper, we review how a series of lithic preservation, stone is often the most reduction and damage experiments common artifact class recovered. have helped build new understandings Experimental lithic studies help fill of North American Paleoindian in the blanks between observable technological organization.
22 Book of Abstracts Session 1
BIPOLAR ON ANVIL: WHAT DEGREE OF PREDETERMINATION? Giulia RICCI1, Margarita VADILLO CONESA2 and Fabio MARTINI3
1Dottorato Pegaso in Scienze dell’Antichità e Archeologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa and ArScAn, équipe AnTET, Maison René-Ginouvès (MAE), Nanterre Cedex, France. [email protected] 2Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Storia, Archeologia, Geografia, Arte e Spettacolo (SAGAS), Cattedra di Paletnologia, Firenze, Italia. [email protected] 3Universitat de València. Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, València. Spain. [email protected]
The authors present the results of on the knapping sequences identified the analysis of the lithic industries on the archaeological materials. The from Grotta della Serratura goal of this research is to evaluate (Salerno, Southern Italy), where the degree of predetermination and layers from Early Upper Paleolithic control within the bipolar débitage. to final Neolithic were excavated Indeed bipolar production is (1984-1995). In Layer 10 (Evolved traditionally considered expedient Epigravettian), which has been and opportunistic. Bipolar production divided in six paleosurfaces (10A: was constant and homogeneous in the Beta-63294 15,350 ± 200 uncal. whole paleosurfaces of layer 10 and BP; 10C: UtC-1421 15,700 ± 110 disappeared in the overlying layers. uncal. BP), a productive sequence Our results suggest that “bipolar has been identified aimed to obtain concept” played an important role some elongated microlithic elements within the technical traditions, (bladelets) using a bipolar débitage including but not limited to the on anvil. The analytical technological bipolar technique that produced study was associated with an intermediary and scaled pieces. experimental test to test hypotheses
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BIPOLAR (HAMMER-AND-ANVIL) REDUCTION AND LITHIC MINIATURIZATION: EXPERIMENTS ON FLINT AND QUARTZ Justin PARGETER1, Metin EREN2 and Paloma DE LA PEÑA3
1Department of Anthropology, SUNY Stony Brook, United States of America. [email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, United States of America. [email protected] 3Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. [email protected]
Lithic miniaturization refers presents the results from a series of to systematic production and use controlled experiments examining of small tools from small cores. the energetics and identification of Amongst its numerous benefits, bipolar reduction on quartz and flint lithic miniaturization enabled in contexts of lithic miniaturization. more efficient use of raw material, First, it presents quantitative criteria production of lighter tools, and for identifying bipolar reduction on assembly of more multifunctional cores and flakes. Second, it compares composite toolkits. Archaeologists and contrasts energetics data on typically associate the production quartz and flint. These results: a) of miniature lithic toolkits with a question the widely-held distinction range of skilled techniques requiring between bipolar reduction on quartz protracted learning and intensive and flint, b) challenge the widely held cultural transmission such as pressure perceptions about the wastefulness flaking and indirect percussion. Yet, of bipolar reduction, and c) overturn ethnographic and experimental data long-held assumptions about the show lithic miniaturization can be costs of lithic miniaturization. We as effectively achieved using simple, conclude by reevaluating long- but not simplistic, strategies such standing progressive models of as bipolar reduction. This paper change in lithic technology.
24 Book of Abstracts Session 1
BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN REPLICATIVE AND CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTATION: A CASE STUDY OF PLATFORM BEVELING IN FLAKE FORMATION Sam LIN1, George LEADER2, Aylar ABDOLAHZADEH3 and Harold DIBBLE4
1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong Australia. [email protected] 2Department of Sociology, The College of New Jersey, United States of America. [email protected] 3Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, United States of America. [email protected] 4Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, United States of America. [email protected]
Lithic experimentation has be questionable. We examine this focused traditionally on replication inferential gap in the context of flake of artifacts found in archaeological formation research. By focusing context. While this approach has on the effect of exterior platform been productive for generating beveling on flake morphology, we interpretations of past behavior, its first determine the relative effect inferential process depends heavily on and potential interaction of various a simplistic form of analogic reasoning independent variables under a and thus faces key epistemological controlled setup. These causal challenges in inference validity and relationships are then applied to confidence. Experiments conducted flakes manufactured experimentally under a controlled condition alleviate via a replicative approach to develop these issues by establishing causal statistical models for explaining flake connections among test parameters size and morphology and identify on the bases of fracture mechanics new variables to be tested under principles. However, because these controlled settings. Through this controlled setups involve highly iterative process between controlled artificial conditions departing and replicative experimentation, significantly from the actual setting of it is argued that lithic knowledge stone knapping, the generalizability can progress in a constructive and and explanatory power of the cumulative manner. derived experimental inference can
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CURRENT RESEARCH SYNTHESIS OF SIGNIFICANT PATTERNS IN EXPERIMENTALLY PRODUCED DEBITAGE Daniel S. AMICK1 and Raymond P. MAULDIN2
1Department of Anthropology and Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, United States of America. [email protected] 2Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, United States of America. [email protected]
Over the past several decades, lithic assumptions about the validity and reduction experiments have become reliability of various attributes as well an increasingly common strategy to as assess the relative strengths and improve inferences in archaeological weaknesses of debitage classification research. Experiments range from schemes. In some cases, results are highly controlled investigations of mutually supportive, while in others fracture mechanics to less structured the outcomes appear contradictory. actualistic studies. Focusing on Focusing on multiple lithic reduction debitage, researchers have explored studies, we provide a literature a variety of issues, including attempts review, reassessment, and critical to determine stages and sequences synthesis of debitage production of removal, the mode of flake experiments. The goals of this meta- removal and indentor type, assess analysis are to try to identify which flintknapper skill levels, reduction questions have been answered and strategies, the effects of raw materials, which remain to be answered, which knapper production goals, and the outcome measures or populations are effects of core surface morphology most likely to yield significant results, and size on flake attributes. These and to identify the reasons for the results have been used to question variation in effect sizes.
26 Book of Abstracts Session 1
THE MIXTURE PROBLEM IN FLAKE ANALYSIS: ALLOCATING FLAKE SAMPLES TO SEGMENTS OF REDUCTION USING CLSR METHODS Michael J. SHOTT1
1Department of Anthropology and Classical Studies, University of Akron, United States of America. [email protected]
Flake assemblages often are the Modena quarry in Nevada, USA mixtures from knapping episodes of the North American Great Basin. that vary by technology or stages of The method allocates size-sorted reduction continua. Some consider empirical flake assemblages from the widely recognized mixture Modena to three successive reduction problem as an obstacle to the use segments, revealing considerable of mass-analysis methods. Stahle continuous variation in proportional and Dunn (1982) developed a distribution among samples. What constrained least-squares (CLSR) appeared to be relatively similar early method to allocate size-sorted flake “stage” assemblages are resolved assemblages to successive segments to finer proportional allocation of a biface reduction continuum, across wider ranges of the reduction a partial solution that “unmixes” continuum, in the process showing assemblages. QUADPROG is a considerable variation between recently developed variant of this samples that otherwise might escape approach, validated against both notice. The mixture problem is a Stahle and Dunn’s experimental challenge to all approaches to flake data (Shott and Habtzghi 2016) analysis, not just mass analysis, but and control data from replication not an insurmountable one. of biface preforms of obsidian from
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HEAT TREATMENT AND CHANGES IN SILICEOUS ROCK QUALITY IN THE SOUTHERN END OF THE DESEADO MASSIF (PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA) Lucas VETRISANO1 and Nora V. FRANCO2
1Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas, CONICET, (IMHICIHU- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 2Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas, CONICET, (IMHICIHU- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyL-UBA), Argentina. [email protected]
The use of high-quality rocks and a highly localized occurrence and, heat-treatment by hunter-gatherers in most cases, their quality does during the initial exploration and not match the one found at the colonization of America has been archaeological record –which emphasized by different authors. encompasses logistic sites, multiple Here we present the case of the activity sites and caches of artifacts–. Southern End of the Deseado Massif, Here we present the results of heat where human occupations have treatment experiments on local been dated from the Pleistocene- available rocks, focusing in samples Holocene transition until historical mainly from primary sources. Results times. Results of an intense survey obtained are compared with the of lithic resources show the presence artifacts found, in order to evaluate the of primary and secondary sources potential utilization of the different of middle and high quality siliceous sources and the presence of heat rocks, most of them of hydrothermal treatment in the local archaeological origin. These siliceous rocks have record.
28 Book of Abstracts Session 1
LANDSCAPE SCALE APPROACHES TO TOOL USE: APPLYING AN EXPERIMENTALLY DERIVED MODEL OF EDGE DAMAGE TO THE MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE OF SOUTH AFRICA David R. BRAUN1, Ella V. BEAUDOIN2 and Jonathan S. REEVES3
1Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America. [email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Anthropology, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America. [email protected] 3Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America. [email protected]
Despite decades of analysis of used to develop assemblage scale lithic technology our knowledge of analyses of tool use in Paleolithic the use of chipped stone artifacts contexts. These approaches can be is remarkably limited. Studies of rapidly applied to large assemblages microscopic damage to tool edges relatively easily. We apply these has been the major source of this techniques to a large assemblage of information for decades. Several stone artifacts from Elandsfontein factors limit inferences derived from (1 Ma – 780Ka) on the West Coast this line of investigation. First, these of South Africa. Experimental data studies are often limited to a subset of sets provide frameworks to develop tools. Post-depositional processes and possible hypotheses about what logistics of microscopic analysis limit certain patterns of damage represent. sample sizes. Second, microscopic Measures of damage location, studies require a combination of high continuity, and extent provide and low power techniques to develop intriguing insights into the variability robust inferences about specifics of in tool use patterns on a landscape tool use. Recently, new approaches scale. Results indicate that tool use to macroscopic damage patterns on patterns are largely heterogeneous edges of simple flaked tools have been across a relatively large landscape.
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LESSONS FROM ROBOTS AND PEOPLE: CONTROLLED AND MONITORED EXPERIMENTS IN LITHIC USE-WEAR Radu IOVITA1, Johannes PFLEGING2 and Jonas BUCHLI3
1Center for the Study of Human Origins, New York University, United States of America. [email protected] 2Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Switzerland. [email protected] 3Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, Switzerland. [email protected]
Lithic use-wear analysis relies that which concerns controlling heavily upon analogical reasoning the many variables that have a to link observed wear patterns causal influence on the production on archaeological pieces with of particular wear patterns. We those obtained during replicative report on a new research program experiments. Initial criticisms of the that employs monitored human method during the 1980s stressed experiments to generate behavioral the inability of the analysts to agree in data on task dynamics, which are their interpretation of patterns. Most then passed on to a robot arm for of the proposed solutions to this controlled repetition. We explore problem have focused on improving the differences between human and the documentation technology, i.e., robot-produced experimental series better microscopes, better standards and look at several variables such as for documentation, etc. and have force and duration. Moreover, we improved rates of identification compare several different imaging in blind tests. Comparatively little tools for interpreting the final results. emphasis has been put on improving Finally, we present several of the new experimental protocols, especially experiments planned.
30 Book of Abstracts Session 1
EXPERIMENTATION AND MICROWEAR ANALYSIS IN LITHIC ARTIFACTS MANUFACTURED ON ANDESITES (TUCUMÁN, ARGENTINA) Flavia M. GERMANO1
1Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales (ISES-CONICET) e Instituto de Arqueología y Museo IAM, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. [email protected]
In this paper we present edges, retouched flakes, scrapers the preliminary results of the and knives were made and they was experimentation related to the use used to scraping, cutting and barking given to lithic artifacts. The objective on different substances (fresh and is to identify microwear traces that dry wood, bone and meat). The allow defining the use of artifacts identification of microwear traces to covered by rock varnish, from Rio establish the function of the artifacts Las Salinas 2 archaeological surface, was carried out through the functional in Amaicha del Valle, Tucuman. analysis through the observation For this a reference collection was of macro and use micro-striations made. The experimentation was formed on the edges of the artifacts. carried out using the three varieties The results constitute an important of Andesites B, G and P that are contribution to the knowledge of the the most represented among the functionality of open air sites in this archaeological assemblages. Natural sector of the Northwestern Argentina.
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MANUFACTURE AND USE OF QUARTZ INSTRUMENTS THROUGH EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS Débora EGEA1 and Enrique MORENO2
1Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca (CITCA – CONICET/ UNCA), Escuela de Arqueología. UNCA, Catamarca, Argentina. [email protected] 2Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca (CITCA – CONICET/ UNCA), Escuela de Arqueología. UNCA, Catamarca, Argentina. [email protected]
Several investigations around material in different sites, so the time and space have shown the implementation of new studies about relevance of quartz as a raw material reduction and preparation of edges to manufacture diverse lithic turns out an indispensable aspect artifacts. But, at the same time, it for the advance of our investigations. has been called the attention on In this sense, a methodological tool the difficulties for the identification that we have begun to develop is of indicative modifications due to the experimentation, with three the particularities of his fracture, principal aims: a) to evaluate the as well as also for his hardness. different technologies used for the In our particular case, the human reduction of nodules and cores; b) occupation at El Alto-Ancasti the manufacture of the different Mountains (Catamarca), show the types of artifacts and; finally, c) the almost exclusive use of this raw possible uses of these instruments.
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POSTERS
WHAT DO YOU SEE WHEN YOU SEE ME? EXPERIMENTATION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE INTERPRETATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION PROCESSES IN HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES Hernán DE ANGELIS1, Vanesa PARMIGIANI2, María C. ÁLVAREZ SONCINI3, Anna FRANCH4 and María E. MANSUR5
1Centro Austral de investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 2Centro Austral de investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 3Centro Austral de investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 4Centro Austral de investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 5Centro Austral de investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina and Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego (UNTDF), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected]
The diversity of raw materials that questions that, in some cases, we can can be represented in an archaeological answer through experimentation. This site shows the capacity of societies to way we can recognize and reconstruct exploit and modify the resources offered some steps within the technological by natural and cultural environments. production processes. The goal of this However, sometimes the raw materials work is to present the contributions used in the past have not been preserved of the experimental programs carried in the archaeological record. Their out within the project “Proyecto presence must be inferred from other Arqueológico Corazón de la Isla”, data, such as through ethnographic in order to understand the specific information, in art, or represented in problems of the archaeological record the features of a microwear polish. The of the central area of Tierra del Fuego, difficulty in interpreting the function and to discuss their theoretical and of certain materials creates a series of methodological implications.
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EXPERIMENTS ON MODE 1 LITHIC ASSEMBLAGES: ARE WE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE KNAPPING LEARNING PROCESS? Beatriz FAJARDO FERNÁNDEZ-PALMA1
1Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador. [email protected]
The last years of archaeological all the sizes present at the process research in Eurasia, reveals of knapping, and all the reduction unexpected results in the search of the sequences of debitage are represented first human settlements Out of Africa. in different percentages. Most of The research at Orce, Southern the contributions, on the study of of Spain, of two open-air sites, European lower Paleolithic, lithic Barranco León and Fuente Nueva assemblages explain the differences 3, located in lacustrine deposits, on quality productions on Mode 1 dated by paleomagnetic techniques, technology, as low quality raw material together with biostratigraphic studies issues, with no regard to the learning that assign an age between 1.4-1.2 process. We have conducted several Ma. Those sites have yielded fresh controlled experiments to determine lithic artifacts adscript at Mode 1 whether the ability of multiple technological complex, composed knappers with various degrees of by a coherent assemblage including experience could be related with the whole flakes, various fragments, Mode 1 assemblages from Orce sites. and in small percentage retouched In this contribution we will present pieces and flaked cobbles, those some experimental results in relation coherent assemblages including with this Mode 1 lithic production.
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EXPERIMENTATION WITH SANDSTONES FROM CABRA CORRAL AREA, SALTA, ARGENTINA Cecilia MERCURI1
1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Salta, CONICET (ICSOH-CONICET), Salta, Argentina. [email protected]
Within the framework of the project a first reading to the selection of raw named Technological Variability materials for making artifacts in local and Social Interaction Networks in rocks. We present the results of these Northwest Argentina through the experiments conducted on sandstone, study of lithic technology strategies as it was the predominant raw throughout the Formative period material in the archaeological record. (Mercuri 2012) we collected samples First results allow us to affirm that of lithic raw materials in different the sandstone, given the availability portions of Las Conchas-Guachipas and quality for flintknapping tasks river area (Salta, Argentina) in order constitutes an optimal raw material to create a reference collection. With for the production of artifacts. We part of this material we performed also note that the obtained edges are experimental lithic flintknapping suitable for cut work and the notches with the aim to observe fractures recorded in the artifacts are due and other characteristics that allow probably to the characteristics of rock determining flintknapping quality fracture. so that we can understand and give
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EXPERIMENTAL INSIGHTS IN GIANT CORE FLAKE DEBITAGE: THE CASE OF THE SPANISH ACHEULIAN Concepción TORRES NAVAS1 and Javier BAENA PREYSLER2
1Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. [email protected] 2Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. [email protected]
Traditionally Acheulian assembla- shaping strategies during the second ges are characterized by the presence part of the Middle Pleistocene. of LCT (Large Cutting Tools), and Particularly, at Charco-Hondo II- particularly bifaces. In this context, Ahijones (Madrid), the existence of the existence of large flakes as blanks giant core flake production is well for those tools are the main criterion documented. In this contribution, for a chrono-geographical approach experimental specimens based on of the variability within this techno- these archaeological examples are complex. During the time span in produced and studied in order to which the Acheulian occurs, a wide understand the existence of a flake variety of systematic methods for blank predetermination, or on the blank production were used, probably contrary, to an adaptation to particular in response to particular raw material raw material limitations. In any case, constraints. In the case of the Iberian experiments provide us with an Peninsula, examples as the workshop excellent tool for both quantitative sites of Porto Maior en Galicia or Los and qualitative understanding of the Ahijones in Madrid, among others, reduction sequences and the human demonstrate the complexity of the intentions.
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STEPPING STONES: A TRAMPLING EXPERIMENT TO ASSESS QUARRY LITHIC ASSEMBLAGES Celeste WEITZEL1, Aitor SÁNCHEZ2 and Mariano COLOMBO3
1Área Arqueología y Antropología, Municipalidad de Necochea, Argentina. [email protected] 2Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología. Área de Prehistoria. Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Spain. [email protected] 3Área de Museos, Municipalidad de Necochea, Argentina. [email protected]
We present a human trampling flakes, chunks and different tool experiment on a pile of lithic artifacts, types. We also included experimental especially designed to assess artifact artifacts made from flint, to compare breakage and accidental retouch with artifacts recovered at Pozarrate specifically in quarry contexts with quarry (Araico-Cucho mining dense piles of lithic artifacts. The complex, Treviño, Spain), an open experiment design was based mainly air mine of flint procurement. on the archaeological context of El Experimental artifacts were arranged Picadero site, located in central-east in a pile, simulating the lithic Tandilia (Buenos Aires, Argentina). reduction process, for trampling. It is a colored orthoquartzite low We analyzed the resulting fractures, complexity mine, characterized by pseudo-retouches and vertical and the presence of numerous open air horizontal movement of the artifacts extraction pits and associated artifact in the pile. These experimental results piles. Considering this context are a first step to assess the incidence we knapped an orthoquartzite of trampling in artifact shaping and experimental assemblage that damage, and site formation processes resembling the artifacts recovered at El in these particular, long-term and Picadero. The resulting experimental intensely used sites. assemblage was composed of cores,
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SESSION 2
Production and Maintenance of Stone Tools: How Were Stone Tools Made and Maintained?
Organizers: Otis CRANDELL1, Patrick JULIG2 and Leslye M. VALENZUELA LEYVA3
1Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. [email protected] 2Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada. [email protected] 3Université Paris-Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre, France. [email protected]
This session proposes presentation and discussion regarding the processing and maintenance of stone tools, with the aim of better understanding how prehistoric human societies conceived, produced, used, reused, and finally discarded stone tools. One of the main areas of investigation in lithic studies is the reconstruction of methods, techniques and patterns used by prehistoric people to produce and maintain tools. Depending on the desired results, there exists a number of ways to approach a set of tools. In this regard, some researches look at the mechanics of knapping which are specially destined to characterize and identify different knapping techniques. Some investigate shapes and patterns used among certain groups and in certain periods to better understand production preferences. Others look at methods of maintaining tools (often through the study of active edges) which tackles retouch techniques, rejuvenation, or types of utilization. From this perspective, the reasons for replacement of pieces may also be considered. Thus, this session examines features of lithic technologies – including manufacturing, usage, and raw material selection perspectives - in their broader contexts, to arrive at different answers to how human groups across time and space processed and maintained stone tools to facilitate their subsistence. 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
Our aim, therefore, is to draw a better understanding of how people in the past thought about their tools and planned their work. Considering these ways of approaching the issue, the presentations in this session may be theoretical, be based on anthropological analogies with modern societies, come from archaeological assemblage studies, or may also be based purely on methods used by modern knappers today. Presentations may focus on relevant segments of the chaînes opératoires, reduction sequence, or on other aspects of the production and maintenance of stone tools.
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ORAL PRESENTATIONS
LITHIC PRODUCTION SYSTEMS USED DURING THE PLEISTOCENE-HOLOCENE TRANSITION AT THE COVES DE SANTA MAIRA SITE (ALACANT, SPAIN) Margarita VADILLO CONESA1 and J. Emili AURA TORTOSA2
1Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, Spain. [email protected] 2Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, Spain. [email protected]
Rapid palaeoenvironmental changes purpose: to obtain lamellar blanks for took place during the Pleistocene- manufacturing microliths. Diachronic Holocene transition at the same time changes are also observed against a as processes of regional fragmentation shared background, in terms of both in the techno-economic systems of the technology and the local and regional prehistoric hunters of southern Europe. sourcing of raw materials, which in turn This paper analyses the case of the sheds light on the mobility of these Spanish Mediterranean region, based on groups. Other common features are the a study of the lithic production systems techniques used for lamellar production employed at Coves de Santa Maira. and the intense exploitation of cores. The deposits studied date to 14,000– Based on these results, it is possible to 10,000 cal. BP and have been related to compare this case with other regional Final Magdalenian and Epipalaeolithic contexts in order to assess influences complexes. A considerable variety of between groups and the geographical dynamics are observed throughout this extent of certain technical and cultural period, but all with the same technical features.
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THE ULUZZIAN OF CASTELCIVITA (SALERNO, ITALY): PRODUCTION, MAINTENANCE AND USE OF STONE TOOLS. A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT Daniele AURELI1, Simona ARRIGHI2, Adriana MORONI3, Annamaria RONCHITELLI4 and Stefano BENAZZI5
1Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università di Bologna. Ravenna, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, UR Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy. UMR 7041 ArScAn équipe AnTET Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre, France. [email protected] 2Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università di Bologna, Ravenna, Italy. Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, UR Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy. [email protected] 3Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, UR Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy. [email protected] 4Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, UR Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy. [email protected] 5Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università di Bologna, Ravenna, Italy. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. [email protected]
The Uluzzian is one of the most sites, Grotta della Cala and Grotta debated cultural entities among di Castelcivita, which contain the the European so-called transitional whole sequence of Final Mousterian, complexes. Regretfully the Middle Uluzzian and Protoaurignacian. to Upper Palaeolithic transition is This research is now part of an ERC represented in Italy in few sites, most project which aims to investigate and of which were excavated and studied define the MP-UP transition in Italy, in the second half of the 20th century. through a multidisciplinary approach. In order to shed light on this crucial Here we focus on the Uluzzian lithic period of the Italian Palaeolithic, production from the cave-site of the University of Siena has recently Castelcivita. This site is located in resumed excavations in two key southern Italy about 40 km from the
42 Book of Abstracts Session 2 present Tyrrhenian coast. A selected the technological characteristics with sample of the lithic assemblage of the aim of obtaining specific ‘active’ the lower Uluzzian levels is studied portions on the blanks. Relationships by means of techno-functional and between such characteristics and use use-wear analyses. Our target is to patterns are also evaluated from both reconstruct the production processes a methodological and behavioural of tools and their uses by identifying perspective.
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MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC LITHIC TOOLS: TECHNO- FUNCTIONAL AND USE-WEAR ANALYSIS OF TARGET OBJECTS FROM SU 13 AT THE OSCURUSCIUTO ROCK SHELTER, SOUTHERN ITALY Giulia MARCIANI1, Simona ARRIGHI2, Daniele AURELI3, Vincenzo SPAGNOLO4, Paolo BOSCATO5 and Annamaria RONCHITELLI6
1Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, UR Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy. [email protected] 2Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, UR Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy. Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università di Bologna, Ravenna, Italy. [email protected] 3Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, UR Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy. Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università di Bologna, Ravenna, Italy. UMR 7041 ArScAn équipe AnTET Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre, France. [email protected] 4Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, UR Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy. [email protected] 5Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, UR Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy. [email protected] 6Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, UR Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy. [email protected]
The Oscurusciuto rock shelter of a sandy compact deposit mixed (Ginosa, Puglia, southern Italy) is a with pyroclastic sediment, is a short Middle Palaeolithic site characterized palimpsest situated on a layer of by a significant stratigraphy made tephra, identified as Mt. Epomeo up by several anthropic levels. The green tuff (dated by Ar/Ar to ~ 55 stratigraphic unit 13, consisting ka).
44 Book of Abstracts Session 2
From a technological point of view the second revealed the way in which the aims of the production were: these tools had been used, proceeding backed flakes, convergent flakes, to identify the activity involved and other flakes obtained by means (piercing, cutting and scraping), and of a Levallois debitage, plus (less the type of material (vegetable or represented) bladelets produced by a animal, soft or hard) on which these volumetric reduction system. activities had been carried out. Our aim in this research was to The combined use of these two examine a selection of the above- approaches allows us to ascertain the mentioned target objects produced intention of the prehistoric craftsmen, by debitage in order to understand the gestures and procedures involved the manufacture and life of each single in making the tools, and the way they tool from a dynamic perspective. had been used. From one single object We integrated techno-functional we are thus able to reconstruct a series and use-wear analysis: the first was of complex behaviors, encompassing implemented to globally comprehend the creation, the life and finally the each tool, identifying each single ‘death’ or repurposing of the tool in techno-functional unity (prehensive question. and transformative portions), whereas
45 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
FINAL PALEOLITHIC ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE MINING FIELDS IN OROŃSKO (CENTRAL-SOUTHERN POLAND) Katarzyna KERNEDER-GUBAŁA1
1Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland. [email protected]
Orońsko is located in central- Sites located at chocolate flint southern Poland. In this region the outcrops in the Orońsko region are northern-most part of the chocolate functionally diversified. These are flint outcrops was recognized and the extraction points, processing researched in the first half of the 20th workshops with the products of century. It resulted in the discovery early stages of core preparation and of Stone Age and Early Bronze exploitation, as well as workshops and Age extraction points containing camps, where the final production the remnants of subterranean and use of tools can be confirmed. constructions (Krukowski 1922; The aim of this presentation is 1923; 1939-1946). The oldest flint to reconstruct a model of Final assembladges from the shafts can Paleolithic raw material extraction, be dated to the Final Paleolithic processing and use in the vicinity (Schild 1971; Budziszewski 2008). of flint outcrops, on the basis of Recent field works in the region of technological, morphological and the mining field of Orońsko and its spatial analysis of material delivered vicinity provided new data for the during excavations and surface reconstruction of mining and flint research at sites located in Orońsko processing systems among Final and its vicinity. Paleolithic societies.
46 Book of Abstracts Session 2
GREY ZONES OF PRODUCTION. DISCUSSING THE TECHNOLOGY OF TOOLS ON CHERT QUARRY (LOJANIK, WEST-CENTRAL SERBIA) Vera BOGOSAVLJEVIĆ PETROVIĆ1, Jovan GALFI2 and Anđa PETROVIĆ3
1National Museum in Belgrade, Serbia. [email protected] 2University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Archaeology, Serbia. [email protected] 3University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Archaeology, Serbia. [email protected]
Flaked stone artefacts found for cores, tools or just for processing at mines and quarries are usually one type of opal. Our attention is classified as non-diagnostic pieces. focused on the prevailing category of The Lojanik opal and silicified wood fragmented raw materials in the initial mine in West-Central Serbia is a good phase of knapping, preforms, debris, example of how through technological broken pieces of anthropogenic analysis, initial parts of the reduction origin and an immense number of process could be determined. This artefacts-ecofacts. problem should be approached very The last category is significant cautiously since the mine has been because sometimes it is very difficult exploited over a wide time range, from to distinguish human action from the Palaeolithic, through the Neolithic post-depositional processes created to the Copper Age. by opening and abandonment of In this study, we will present the mining work. It happens that this particular clusters of artefacts. These non-diagnostic group of debitage is groups are formed based on the spatial sometimes the only indication for distribution from the extraction the recognition of archaeological ore zones, followed by massive deposits of zones. raw materials, to the workshop areas
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CHALCOLITHIC SUPERBLADES FROM BULGARIA: HIGHLY SPECIALIZED PRODUCTION AND SPECIAL FUNCTION Maria GUROVA1
1National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria. [email protected]
The Bulgarian Chalcolithic lever and crutch pressure by standing period is widely known for its position). Reconstruction of the skills striking social differentiation, for superblade removal requires very evidenced by remarkable examples detailed and meticulous analysis of a of copper and gold technology, as spectrum of particular stigmata. The well as exceptional flint-knapping functional interpretation of the blades techniques. Superblades (over 25 cm needs careful use-wear observations long) are found mainly in mortuary and expertise. This paper offers contexts (as burial grave-goods) case studies of superblades from and hoards coming from domestic both above-mentioned contexts in contexts and interpreted as reserves the frame of the Balkan specialized of precious items for future use. The production and network of materials superblades by themselves represent and symbols during the golden 5th products of a sophisticated know- millennium BCE. how of debitage technique (pressure
48 Book of Abstracts Session 2
POINTS MADE: TOWARDS A SPATIAL REDUCTION SEQUENCE OF OBSIDIAN DURING THE LATE PARACAS PERIOD (370 TO 200 BCE) IN SOUTHERN PERU Christian MADER1, Markus REINDEL2 and Johny ISLA3
1University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. [email protected] 2German Archaeological Institute, Bonn, Germany. [email protected] 3Ministry of Culture, Nasca, Peru. [email protected]
Obsidian was the key preferred sound proposition on the reduction lithic material of the Paracas people sequence of obsidian. in the Nasca region, southern Peru, The data demonstrates that the for the production of stone tools and raw material was almost exclusively weapons. In this study, an extensive extracted from a single obsidian assemblage of obsidian artifacts dated source: the Jichja Parco - Quispisisa to Late Paracas times is analyzed. The mine at 4,100 m ASL. Highland sites artifacts were excavated by the Palpa such as Cutamalla were of primary Archaeological Project and derive importance for the processing and from several sites – particularly from finishing of formal tools, especially Jauranga, Collanco, and Cutamalla points. Furthermore, tool utilization, – located on the western slopes of repairs, and the organization of the Andes in the northern Nasca distribution took place in Cutamalla. drainage. This Andean Transect However, obsidian reduction in the connects the Pacific coast with the Andean Transect was a complex highlands up to 4,455 m ASL. We phenomenon, since not only finished present a study of sourcing, raw products reached the settlements material procurement, reduction, at lower altitudes. In Jauranga and consumption, maintenance, and Collanco, for instance, reduction discard patterns. In doing so, different stages are recognized at a small scale. methods – including geochemical In conclusion, this project contributes provenance research, quantification, to the landscape of obsidian usage in artifact classification, and cortex Peruvian prehistory. analysis – are combined to give a
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PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND STONE TOOL PRODUCTION IN THE PERUVIAN CENTRAL ANDES, AT THE END OF THE MIDDLE HOLOCENE Leslye M. VALENZUELA LEYVA1
1UMR 7055 PréTech - Prehistory and Technology. Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre, France. [email protected]
Very few studies have focused on share similar cultural characteristics. the analysis of the lithic assemblages The importance of these sites relies discovered since 1980 in the on the fact that until now, there central and southern area of Peru. has been a lack of research projects With the exceptions of specific focused on hunter-gatherer stone tool cases (e.g. Telarmachay site), our production in the central area of Peru, knowledge about the production and and the discovery of new sites will maintenance of the lithic assemblage offer insights into the reconstruction in this region is scarce. of behavioural patterns of hunter- The archaeological works in gatherer societies. This study focuses a group of sites located between on the reconstruction of chaînes Junin and Ayacucho area (central opératoires during the last stage of the and south-central Peruvian Andes), Middle and Late Holocene to show can help to understand stone tool the distinctions between these two production across a large regional regions and also to outline a macro- area and assess whether these sites region in this unexplored area.
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THE NOTION OF AFFORDANCE IN PREHISTORY Eric BOËDA1 and Marcos Paulo RAMOS2
1Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre, France. [email protected] 2Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Museu Nacional - Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre, France. [email protected]
By affordance, we suggest the affordant technical criteria chosen in ability of an object to suggest its own the selection process, we must first use. This notion is fundamental in be aware that this is possible and then prehistory in more ways than one, obviously we must be able to see and because it suggests that natural recognize them. But how can one see technical characteristics can be what one does not imagine to exist? integrated into the construction of And assuming that one can imagine, a tool. In other words, everything how to recognize something that one would be transformation! The stage does not know? of selection is a fundamental step In the frame of this presentation we in the operating chain as well as will start with a structural technical transformation by shaping, flaking analysis based on an ergonomic and (débitage) or retouching. It is rare for artisanal approach of the tool which this stage to be described as a stage shows that a tool can be broken down of acquisition of technical functional into several functional parts. Each criteria, except in terms of the type of these parts, made of technical and quality of the raw material. This functional characters, are the results limitation is generally due to two of operative schemes which begin elements. The first is of the order of from the stage of selection, from doxa, it is commonly accepted that which the tool will emerge. In this way, the less a tool has been transformed, we intend to show the existence of the less it has been the object of an universals specific to all the tools and important technical investment. the different options chosen. Options The second results in part from the that are indicators of otherness and first, which at least has something not of cognitive levels. related. In order to recognize the
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DESIGN, MAINTENANCE AND TECHNO-MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CURVED CLEAVERS FROM THE TROPICAL FORESTS OF THE SOUTHEAST OF SOUTH AMERICA Daniel LOPONTE1, Mirian CARBONERA2 and Vanessa Barrios QUINTANA3
1CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (CONICET- INAPL), Argentina. [email protected] 2Center of Western Heritage of Santa Catarina (CEOM), University of the Community of Chapecó/Unochapecó, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil. [email protected] 3Center of Western Heritage of Santa Catarina (CEOM), University of the Community of Chapecó/Unochapecó, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil. [email protected]
Curved cleavers constitute a lithic analyze the morphometric key- artifact distributed in a limited area variables incorporated in its design, of the tropical and subtropical forests their maintenance process, and the of south-eastern South America. Its morphological changes throughout chronology is still imprecise, but the their use-life in relation to functional limited data available suggests that requirements. For this study, we they were manufactured for several analyzed pieces recovered from the millennia. Some previous analyzes province of Misiones (Argentina) have emphasized the manufacturing and from the state of Santa Catarina stages from blanks to the finished (Brazil). products. In this presentation we
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TECHNOLOGICAL DECISIONS IN FISHTAIL POINTS FROM PATAGONIAN CONTEXTS: A COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW Darío HERMO1, Enrique TERRANOVA2 and Laura L. MIOTTI3
1CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] 3CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. [email protected]
Fishtail points (FTPs) are good (Río Negro Province) to discuss the indicators of peopling during the reduction sequence of these tools. Pleistocene-Holocene transition in We observe that decision making the Americas. These objects have a could have been different, following wide geographical distribution, from several technical methods (e.g., blank the Magallanes Basin (southernmost selection and fluting), and furthermore point in the Americas) to southern that there were differences in the Mexico, and are often associated with designs of the morphology of chronologies ca. 9000–11,500 BP these points (e.g., size, shoulders, (14C). Moreover, FTPs are usually maintainability). If we strictly consider distributed as isolated artifacts but the function of FTPs as weapons, have also been found in assemblages where morphology is strongly related with different contexts, and settled with hafting and aerodynamics, it is in a wide variety of environments. not clear why there were differences in Patagonian archaeological contexts design or technical decisions. show examples of this variability. Based on technical features of FTPs, In this presentation, we consider and in comparative analysis we explore the evidence from archaeological interpretations at different scales in sites with associated FTPs, located order to comprehend the possible in the Deseado Massif (Santa Cruz roles played by these pieces during the province) and the Somuncurá Plateau initial peopling of Patagonia.
53 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
FROM BIFACES TO PROJECTILE POINTS? LITHIC REDUCTION PROCESSES AT THE ABRA DEL TORO WORKSHOP, CATAMARCA, ARGENTINA Juan Pablo CARBONELLI1
1CONICET – IDECU, Museo Etnográfico, UBA, Argentina. [email protected]
This work analyzes the reduction addressed with the aid of the Index of process of lanceolate projectile points Invasiveness (Clarkson, 2002), which found in a workshop in the Yocavil makes it possible to determine if Valley, Catamarca, Argentina. Among forms of manufacture were recurrent the set of artifacts recorded, there is or if points with similar morphologies a very high occurrence of preforms, were made by applying different projectile points and bifaces. It procedures. The results of this was possible for lithic knappers to research effort will reveal aspects of modify the edges of bifaces, adjust the production of a lithic head utilized their sharpness and transform them by hunter-gatherer societies during into other tools. Therefore, based the early Holocene. In addition, on a model that considers reduction although the raw materials involved events as part of a continuum, this are not very diverse, their selection work seeks to answer whether bifaces criteria, which were associated were used as blanks to produce with the weapon system used, are projectile points. This question is reconstructed.
54 Book of Abstracts Session 2
UNDERSTANDING CONTINUITY AND QUARRIES EXPLOITATION: LITHIC PRODUCTION AT RIO LAS SALINAS 2, TUCUMAN, ARGENTINA Carolina SOMONTE1 and Carlos A. BAIED2
1Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Argentina. Instituto de Arqueología y Museo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina. [email protected] 2Centro de Investigaciones en Ecología Histórica. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina. [email protected]
The goal of this paper is to artifacts with tips, edges and surfaces present and discuss stone tool with added traces; and debitage), production through the analysis of after which the set of specimens is a lithic assemblage recovered at Rio analyzed based on specific variables Las Salinas 2 (RLS2), an open-air for each typological class. Among archaeological locality in the semi- the results, the selection of locally arid western piedmont of Cumbres available raw material (andesite) Calchaquies, northwestern Argentina. for tool production is prevalent. From a methodological standpoint, Amongst uniface edges, notched the lithic material was analyzed as flakes, denticulates, choppers, side- a whole, factoring in the evaluation scrapers and natural working edges of lithic raw material use, variability, are prevalent. Production of these and toolkit composition. Typological edges may have been achieved analysis followed the guidelines put without involving significant costs. forward by Aschero (1975; 1983) and The total assemblage shows a low Aschero and Hocsman (2004). The rate of maintenance and discarding lithic assemblage breaks up into sub- that is probably due to being at the assemblages based on raw material sources, meaning high availability of used and 4 tool classes (i.e. cores; tools; raw materials in various forms.
55 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
ASSEMBLAGE, ARTIFACT AND ATTRIBUTE AS THREE LEVELS OF ANALYSIS RELEVANT TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF LITHIC RAW MATERIALS SELECTION: A CASE STUDY FROM THE SOUTH CENTRAL ANDES (PASTOS GRANDES BASIN, SALTA PROVINCE, ARGENTINA) Federico RESTIFO1
1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanas-CONICET. Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina. [email protected]
Within the lithic artifact production assemblages of the Alero Cuevas, a sequence, in this work we focus on site with an archaeological sequence one of the first steps - rocks selection. extending throughout the Holocene. We ask the following question: What The regional archaeological record were the crucial factors for lithic is also considered. The process of raw material selection during the residential mobility reduction in Holocene in Pastos Grandes Basin the South Central Andes, initiated (Salta Province) (e.g., mobility, during the Middle Holocene, is rock quality, distance, technological usually considered as the main requiements, etc.)? With the aim of cause for explaining the increasing arriving at an explanation, we propose frequencies of local raw materials. a multi-level analysis utilizing units of Nevertheless, specific raw material decreasing inclusivity (taxonomy): requirements of artifacts made from assemblage, artifact and attribute. blades is presented as an alternative We evaluate rock frequencies in explanation, indicating different each one of these units, or different causes for raw material selection in levels, taking into account lithics local spatial scales.
56 Book of Abstracts Session 2
PRODUCTION, USE, AND MAINTENANCE TRAJECTORIES OF A SPECIALIZED AGRICULTURAL STONE TOOL FROM THE HIGH ELEVATION DESERTS OF NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA Natalia SENTINELLI1 and Salomón HOCSMAN2
1Escuela de Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Argentina. [email protected] 2Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales (ISES), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Arqueología y Museo (IAM), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina. [email protected]
A specialized agricultural stone use and maintenance trajectories tool is often recovered at agro- of these artifacts. Therefore, pastoralist sites in Northwestern we report on a methodology of Argentina (Escola & Hocsman analysis of debitage that aims at the 2011). A sample of debitage reconstruction of the production, associated with these tools from use, and maintenance trajectories. Antofagasta de la Sierra is analyzed This method implies the use of in this study. photographs, which are analyzed It has been suggested (Escola et using simple software. The use of the al. 2013) that these very big artifacts scale tool in AutoCAD allows us to started their use lives as knifes with a make precise measurements, which large edge, a very low edge angle and are very difficult to obtain on the a slightly asymmetrical edge, and flakes themselves. In addition, this during their life histories the angles method allows us to calculate the of the cutting edges became more angles that the edges of these tools and more asymmetrical and with had in different moments of their a large edge angle, due to frequent life histories. Through descriptive reactivation. statistics and the application of Specifically, we are interested in indexes, we can evaluate the degree shedding light on the production, of edge angle transformation.
57 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
POSTERS
A GLOBAL APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF PECKED AND POLISHED MATERIALS FROM HUNTER-GATHERER SITES María C. ALVAREZ SONCINI1
1Centro Austral de investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected]
This paper presents the results morphological and functional of the study of objects made by framework. We worked on the pecking and polishing techniques, basis of experimentation and belonging to different archeological the application of microscopy assemblages from Patagonia and techniques, in order to record traces Tierra del Fuego. These kinds of of manufacturing and usage on the tools were not always intentionally tool’s surfaces. Finally, the analysis of made. Sometimes their shapes were the archaeological materials allowed produced as a result of formatization us to understand the productive and processing of other materials. processes in which they could Nevertheless, they could have have been involved. This approach been part of the production or use allowed us to understand the role operating chains of other types of played by polished and pecked tools. objects in certain archaeological To carry out this study it was hunter-gatherers contexts. necessary to develop a techno-
58 Book of Abstracts Session 2
RECORDED BY THE WIND: TAPHONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL STUDY OF LITHIC CORES FROM SAND DUNES OF NORTHERN TIERRA DE FUEGO (ARGENTINA) Andión ARTEAGA BRIEBA1 and Karen BORRAZZO2
1Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. [email protected] 2CONICET, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas (CONICET – IMHICIHU), Argentina. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyL – UBA), Argentina. [email protected]
This work presents the techno- Taphonomic assessment reveals morphological and taphonomic study that aeolian abrasion of artifact of the cores from the open-air site San surfaces is a reliable indicator for lithic Genaro 3 – 4, located on the southern assemblage exposure and stability coast of San Sebastián Bay (Tierra thereof. de Fuego, Argentina). This research Furthermore, different abrasion is part of a regional project aimed at degrees show diverse flaking events the study of late Holocene coastal and subsequent configurations. occupations of hunter-gatherers in After techno-morphological and northern Grande Island of Tierra de taphonomic analyses, several questions Fuego. are posed about the recurrence of The assemblages were collected occupations in the locality, criteria of from aeolian deflation hollows in blank selection, the strategy of volume the longitudinal sand dunes of the management, artifact versatility and, Chorrillos archaeological locality, a ultimately, the functionality of the high energy sedimentary environment place related to the marine resources affected by strong winds. exploitation.
59 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
METRIC ANALYSIS OF LITHIC POINTS FROM THE CENTRAL ARGENTINE ANDES (29–34º S) DURING THE LAST THREE THOUSAND YEARS Silvina CASTRO1, Lucía YEBRA2, Erik MARSH3 and Gustavo F. LUCERO4
1CONICET. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana, FCEN, UNCuyo, Argentina. [email protected] 3CONICET. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana, FCEN, UNCuyo, Argentina. [email protected] 4Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana, FCEN, UNCuyo, Argentina. [email protected]
We present a comparative study approximately date the introduction of lithic points (n=78) from high of the bow and arrow, and 3) evaluate altitude sites (1800–3300 m ASL) in whether bows replaced spears or if the the Argentine Andes. The points are two coexisted. We compare results of from the last three thousand years, a series of formulas for distinguishing when agriculture and pastoralism were points based on measurements such added to existing strategies of hunting as neck width, thickness, and weight and gathering. This significant and as well as aerodynamic characteristics lasting economic shift included the and physical properties of the raw introduction of the bow and arrow, material. The lithic points are from though little is known about when excavation and surface collection or how this happened. The bow and at the following sites: ARQ-18 arrow can have profound effect on (n=7), ARQ-14 (n=15), ARQ-5 subsistence organization, but there (n=11), Agua de la Cueva (n=22), are few studies on this in South Laguna del Diamante (S2 and S4) America. The objective of this study is (n=19), Uspallata Norte (n=3), and 1) to metrically discriminate between Tunduqueral Norte-1 (n=1). spear darts and bow arrows, 2)
60 Book of Abstracts Session 2
LITHIC TECHNICAL PRACTICES BETWEEN LATE PERIOD’S SOCIETIES OF ANTOFAGASTA DE LA SIERRA (PROVINCE OF CATAMARCA, ARGENTINA) Alejandra M. ELÍAS1
1CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (CONICET- INAPL), Argentina. [email protected]
Technology, including lithic variability in the selection of lithic raw technology, is a total social materials and in the manufacture of phenomenon, a set of practices projectile points allows us to propose carried out by subjects embedded in a cultural landscape that varies from specific and historical, social, political, east to west. Those who inhabited identitarian, economic and material the eastern intermediate sectors, relationships, which they negotiate, with an important pastoral mobility, reproduce and transform in their daily acceded to and used diversity of tasks. These are instances of interaction rocks, and practiced traditional ways where people assimilate knowledge of of making lithic artefacts. Meanwhile, how things are made and used, while those in the basin bottom and they reproduce and transform these western intermediate sectors, with culturally acquired skills. increasing agricultural activity, used In this contribution, we approach very scarcely the rocks of other the ways of making the artefacts environmental sectors and shared among the inhabitants of different some ways of making artefacts almost environmental sectors of Antofagasta unrecorded among the societies that de la Sierra (Southern Argentine inhabited Antofagasta de la Sierra Puna) after ca. 1100 BP. The before ca. 1100 BP.
61 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
PREDICTING A BLANK: MORPHO-DIMENSIONAL VARIABILITY OF LITHIC BLADES DURING THE ARCHAIC- FORMATIVE TRANSITION (4,400-2,400 CAL. BP) IN TULÁN RAVINE, NORTHERN CHILE Macarena FERNÁNDEZ1, Pablo PARODI2, Rodrigo LOYOLA3 and Ignacio MONROY4
1Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile. [email protected] 2Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile. [email protected] 3Independent researcher. [email protected] 4Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. [email protected]
For years, lithic studies in Tulán dimensional variability of the ravine (23° 40’ S, 68° 00’ W, 2,980 resulting products is still unknown. m ASL) located in the southern In this research, we study Atacama Desert (northern Chile, morpho-dimensional variability of South America) have focused on a lithic blade assemblage (n = 162), residential and ceremonial contexts, recovered at two archaeological sites but little attention has been paid to of the Tulán Cerros workshops (TC- other kinds of archaeological sites. 1 and TC-2) attributed to this period. Recent technological studies Using statistical analysis we evaluate carried out in Tulán Cerros have the relationship between exterior begun to claim the importance of platform angle (EPA) and platform blade reduction during the Archaic- depth, and its effect on blade size Formative transition (4,400-2,400 (width, length and thickness). The cal. BP). A core reduction model data obtained will allow us to discuss has been proposed for low technical and extend the three-stage model in investment involving three stages; terms of “predictability”. however, its effect on the morpho-
62 SESSION 3
Tracking Stone: Recent Approaches to Reconstructing the Transport of Lithic Raw Materials and Artifacts
Organizers: Kane DITCHFIELD1, Karen BORRAZZO2 and Flavia MORELLO3
1The University of Western Australia, Australia. [email protected] 2CONICET, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas (CONICET- IMHICIHU), Argentina. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyL- UBA), Argentina. [email protected] 3Universidad de Magallanes. Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral del Instituto de la Patagonia, Chile. [email protected]
The fact that stone artifacts, and the raw materials from which they were manufactured, were transported by humans in the past is fundamental to archaeological reconstructions of past mobility, land-use, trade and exchange, and many other patterns. Indeed, in many cases, our knowledge on such behaviors would be almost non-existent without this record in stone. Yet reconstructing past artifact transport is not easy on any scale since, archaeologically, all that often remains is a palimpsest of stone materials from related or unrelated transport events. To address this situation, over the last 20 – 30 years, archaeologists have introduced, applied and refined an increasing number of methods and techniques capable of recognizing lithic transport in different ways. Some of these include geochemical and/or petrographic sourcing, morphometrics, retouch and assemblage composition indices (e.g. GIUR, Cortex Ratio), refitting, and many others. This has created a fruitful dialogue within, and beyond, archaeology on the material signature(s) of transport, exactly how we might go about reconstructing it, and its place within a broader behavioral context. 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
With the aim of building on this corpus of research, this session calls for papers dealing with lithic raw material and artifact transport operating at any scale (i.e. intra-site, inter-site, landscape etc.). We encourage participants to submit papers presenting theoretical frameworks and discussions, methodological approaches and techniques, and case studies that illustrate the potential contribution lithic transport research can make towards improving our knowledge on other aspects of past societies worldwide. Finally, we hope this session will provide a stimulus for further dialogue and exchange among attendees about issues connected to the human transport of stone.
64 Book of Abstracts Session 3
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
TRACKING STONE IN COASTAL NORTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM A RAW MATERIAL CHARACTERISATION AND SOURCING PROJECT Kane DITCHFIELD1, Ingrid WARD2, David ZEANAH3, Mark BASGALL4, Peter VETH5, Natasha BUSHER6 and Jillian BARTEAUX7
1The University of Western Australia, Australia. [email protected] 2The University of Western Australia, Australia. [email protected] 3California State University, United States of America. [email protected] 4California State University, United States of America. [email protected] 5The University of Western Australia, Australia. [email protected] 6The University of Western Australia, Australia. [email protected] 7The University of Western Australia, Australia. [email protected]
While the regional geology of local’ versus ‘local’ availability. This Western Australia has been mapped leaves Western Australia’s archaeology in detail, little is known about the with a significant problem that has exploitation of source locations by obvious implications for regional- past Aboriginal people for stone scale behavioural reconstructions artefact manufacture. We know that such as mobility and land-use. To most archaeological stone artefact help address this issue, this paper assemblages are characterised by an will present some preliminary extraordinary range of lithologies results from a major raw material but we know very little about characterisation and sourcing project their geological source locations underway in Australia’s coastal beyond broad, often presumed and north-west. Through survey and undemonstrated, inferences of ‘non- sample collection, macroscopic
65 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials comparison, optical petrology and over 50 ULCs from seven stratified energy dispersive spectrometry, this archaeological assemblages from project aims to build a regional data- Barrow Island and Cape Range. These set of unique lithological categories preliminary ULC database results (ULCs). This approach has, thus provide a critical baseline and context far, suggested some links between for the stone artefact assemblages in geological sources and artefact discard coastal north-western Australia. locations, as well as distinguishing
66 Book of Abstracts Session 3
TO WHAT EXTENT DO RAW MATERIAL OR DESIGN TRAVEL? DISTRIBUTION OF ARTIFACTS IN CENTRAL-WESTERN SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE (PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA) Silvana ESPINOSA1, Gisela CASSIODORO2, Agustín AGNOLIN3 and Josefina FLORES CONI4
1CONICET, CIT Santa Cruz, Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (CONICET-INAPL), Argentina. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyL-UBA), Argentina. [email protected] 3CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (CONICET-INAPL), Argentina. [email protected] 4CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (CONICET-INAPL), Argentina. [email protected]
In central-western Santa Cruz as well as Pampa del Asador. Previous province (Argentina), a variety of analyses have shown a limited black stones have been identified circulation of these stones outside the which have aphanitic texture, basins (Espinosa et al. 2016). Since vitreous characteristics and fracture other lithic resources do circulate conchoidally. These are basalts, tuff, among basins (e.g. obsidian), we seek lava and breccia, and were selected to evaluate if, in this case, particular for manufacturing large artifacts with artifact designs were selected for long edges. transport. In order to evaluate the In the study region, the sources scale of circulation and transport of these raw materials have been for bifaces and blade manufactured registered which include many lake artefacts, we use geochemical, basins such as Salitroso, Belgrano, morphometric and assemblage Guitarra, Strobel, Cardiel, San Martín composition information.
67 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
RAW MATERIAL USE, ARTEFACT TRANSPORT, AND HUMAN MOBILITY IN PLEISTOCENE NORTHWEST AUSTRALIA Wendy REYNEN1
1Archaeology, School of Social Sciences, M257, The University of Western Australia, Australia. [email protected]
Aboriginal people have occupied or no retouched tools. These factors arid northwest Australia for over 45 limit the usefulness of techniques thousand years, during which time involving toolkit design, retouch climate and water availability has and the presence of exotic materials fluctuated markedly, especially during to assess mobility. An evaluation of the Pleistocene. Human mobility indices of assemblage composition, patterns are critical to debates about including volume and cortex ratios, human adaptability and how societies for recently excavated sites suggests dealt with environmental change in that they are robust proxies for arid Australia. In inland northwest reconstructing raw material selection, Australia, most Pleistocene transport and use. These measures, archaeological sites are in uplands and an understanding of local where a variety of suitable tool context, appear key to improving stone is readily available in small inferences about Pleistocene mobility catchments throughout the region. configurations in northwest Australia. Assemblages typically contain little
68 Book of Abstracts Session 3
UNANSWERED QUESTIONS: EXPLORING LITHIC TRANSPORT IN TIERRA DEL FUEGO (SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA) Karen BORRAZZO1 and Luis A. BORRERO2
1CONICET, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas (CONICET- IMHICIHU), Argentina. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyL- UBA), Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas (CONICET- IMHICIHU), Argentina. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyL- UBA), Argentina. [email protected]
This paper examines the of Fuegian artifact collections has archaeological case study of assessed the contribution of these Miraflores raw materials to explore rocks to the overall Fuegian lithic several alternative causes of lithic assemblages. transport in Fuego-Patagonia The integration of technological during the Late Holocene. Although data from extant Miraflores Miraflores rocks (tuff and silicified artifacts and the archaeological and tuff) are naturally available within a ethnographic information available restricted area of northern Grande for Tierra del Fuego suggests that Island of Tierra del Fuego, they different factors conditioned the were both transported several transport of Miraflores. We conclude hundred kilometers away from the that most of silicified tuff remains source across and outside the island. among Fuegian sites represent Macroscopic, petrographic, and incidental by-products of mobility geochemical analyses showed that the while exchange may have had a more identification of both raw materials is prominent role in the distribution of reliable, while an extensive sampling tuff remains.
69 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
ROUTES AND SOURCES IN A MINERAL WORLD: AN INTRODUCTORY ANALYSIS ONDISTRIBUTION AND CIRCULATION OF LITHICS IN THE LOWER ATACAMA DESERT DURING THE FORMATIVE PERIOD José F. BLANCO1, Inguer F. PEÑA2 and Daniel HERNÁNDEZ3
1Departamento de Antropología, Área de Arqueología, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Chile. Programa de Doctorado, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Proyecto FONDECYT 1160045. [email protected] 2Universidad de Chile, Chile. Proyecto FONDECYT 1160045. [email protected] 3Universidad de Chile, Chile. Proyecto FONDECYT 1160045. [email protected]
The lower Atacama Desert presents network of pathways still preserved an under-studied lithic landscape. in this hyper-arid environment are There is a growing corpus of punctuated by provisioning areas of significant archaeological information lithic resources that were mobilized but it lacks an overall systematization. and employed depending on the kind Beginning in the archaic period, this of provisioning strategies employed information suggests two different by these groups. populations, from the coast and the In this work we aim to offer oases, developed a dense network of a first overview of the lithic and routes and pathways that connected mineral materials flow over a large nodal residential areas, with sources desert area, proposing a series of of mineral resources placed at hypotheses derived from their internodal spaces. dispersion. This may contribute Our current research shows that an greatly to our understanding of the intensive mobility took place during social and adaptive relationships, and the Formative period (1000 BC - 800 differences between groups during AD) as trade and interaction between the so-called “Formative” Period. those groups consolidated. The
70 Book of Abstracts Session 3
RAW MATERIAL PROCUREMENT AND MOBILITY PATTERNS IN THE NORTHEAST OF URUGUAY DURING THE LATE HOLOCENE (PAGOLINDO SITE, TACUAREMBÓ) Nicolás GAZZÁN1, Leticia CHIGLINO2 and Camila GIANOTTI3
1Laboratorio de Arqueología del Paisaje y Patrimonio del Uruguay, Universidad de la República (FHCE-UDELAR), Uruguay. Becario ANII. [email protected] 2Centro Universitario de la Región Este, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Uruguay. [email protected] 3Laboratorio de Arqueología del Paisaje y Patrimonio del Uruguay, Universidad de la República (FHCE-UDELAR), Uruguay. Centro Universitario de la Región Este, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Uruguay. [email protected]
This paper presents the results of radius from the archaeological site. As an analysis of lithic procurement and a result of this strategy, it was possible land use strategies corresponding to locate and characterize potential to Late Holocene occupations in sources of lithic raw materials. northeast Uruguay. These results To processes and analyze all this were obtained through the analysis information, GIS tools for landscape of lithic materials recovered from an analyses were used. The analysis excavation of mound PU061110Q23 was oriented towards mobility and / Q25, at the archaeological site of land use patterns. Petrographic Pago Lindo. This sample includes characterization of the sources were over three thousand lithic artifacts also made through macroscopic and which show a great predominance of microscopic analysis, and compared siliceous raw materials. These were with archaeological materials. The procured from secondary sources data obtained are consistent with the in most cases. According to this, an lithic technological analysis of the extensive prospecting methodology archaeological sample, which shows was designed to locate the source coherent patterns associated with locations of these siliceous materials. very local procurement strategies. The survey emphasized a 10 kilometer
71 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
LITHIC TECHNOLOGY AND RAW MATERIAL ECONOMY IN CENTRAL-WESTERN PATAGONIA Catalina CONTRERAS1, Ignacio DE LA TORRE2, Marcelo SOLARI3 and César MÉNDEZ4
1Institute of Archaeology, University College London, United Kingdom. [email protected] 2Institute of Archaeology, University College London, United Kingdom. [email protected] 3Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Chile. [email protected] 4Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, Chile. [email protected]
To properly comprehend lithic organisation of the human occupation assemblages in Patagonia, a region of the forest/steppe ecotone of solely occupied by hunter-gatherers Central-Western Patagonia, based on where there is a wide variety of lithic technology and raw material lithologies, the study of toolstone economy. To achieve this goal, we resource management across the identified raw materials present at landscape should combine the archaeological sites, evaluated the analysis of technological attributes local availability of lithic raw materials in the archaeological assemblages, via toolstone surveys in two Andean with that of the availability and valleys, and compared both datasets to economy of raw materials. By determine the local or allochthonous comparing which resources were origin of the former. Although this is readily available for these populations an ongoing work, some preliminary with a characterisation of raw results suggest a significant portion materials present at archaeological of toolstones found in archaeological assemblages, we may understand the contextsare exotic, particularly fine decision-making process involved grained chalcedonies and obsidian, as in occupation trajectories spanning well as a noteworthy disparity in raw the Holocene (the last 12000 years). material variety within each sampled This paper aims to characterise the valley.
72 Book of Abstracts Session 3
LOCAL AND NON-LOCAL ROCKS: SELECTION, TRANSPORT AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF RAW MATERIAL DURING THE MIDDLE HOLOCENE IN THE EASTERN TANDILIA MOUNTAIN RANGE (PAMPA HÚMEDA, ARGENTINA) Juan Pablo DONADEI1
1Laboratorio de Arqueología Regional Bonaerense, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina. [email protected]
During the Middle Holocene, Middle Holocene (Tixi Cave, Lobería groups of hunter gatherers occupied I - Site I, Los Pinos Rock shelter and El the Tandilia Oriental mountains Mirador Rock shelter) were analyzed (Pampa húmeda Subregion) and using non-parametric statistical practiced high regional mobility methods. First, a non-parametric where rock shelters and caves were two-factor test (PERMANOVA) frequently used as temporary refuges was carried out in order to observe if in the search for specific subsistence there are significant differences in the resources. Tools made on different management of raw materials at each varieties of high quality raw material site. Second, the chi² distribution were selected for use in these test was applied to determine activities. if raw materials in the Chaîne In order to understand the opèratoire correspond to a random circulation of these raw materials cause (Tarriño 2006). Finally, within the territory and their the circulation of raw materials is technological management, four interpreted through the reduction artifact assemblages dated to the states proposed by Callahan (1979).
73 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
LITHIC PROVISIONING STRATEGIES AMONG HUNTER GATHERERS AND HORTICULTURALISTS GROUPS FROM THE LA PLATA BASIN, ARGENTINA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY Alejandro ACOSTA1, Romina SILVESTRE2 and Daniel LOPONTE3
1CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropologia y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (CONICET-INAPL), Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropologia y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (CONICET- INAPL), Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Argentina. [email protected] 3CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropologia y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (CONICET-INAPL), Argentina. [email protected]
Lithic raw material provisioning evaluate the complex relationships strategies of groups that inhabited between these groups through lithic the Río de la Plata Basin (Argentina) analysis. have been the subject of significant In order to do this, we analyze the interest during the last ten years. raw material composition of lithic Archaeological research shows that assemblages through different indexes the lithic technological strategies such as raw material frequency employed by native populations and abundance, cortex index by during late Holocene times are raw material, and evaluate the data far more complex than previously through statistical methods such as thought. PCA. Lithic raw materials identified The lower Paraná´s wetland is in all sites comes from distant sources. a region that lacks primary lithic This data, together with other lines of outcrops. Ethno-historical and evidence, like projectile point design, archaeological data indicates that sites and pottery design and decoration, were occupied by complex hunter- indicate that the low La Plata Basin gatherers competing for space among was a highly dynamic landscape, them and later, near the European inhabited by populations that conquest, with the newly arrived maintained close relations, sharing Amazonian horticulturalists known not only raw materials but also ideas. as Guaraní. Consequently, we aim to
74 Book of Abstracts Session 3
RECONSTRUCTING THE CHRONOLOGY OF NEOLITHIC OBSIDIAN EXCHANGE ON LIPARI ISLAND Caitlin WILLIAMS1 and Christopher M. STEVENSON2
1Anthropology Program, School of World Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States of America. [email protected] 2Anthropology Program, School of World Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, United States of America. [email protected]
The Neolithic era constitutes the Lipari glass trade has the ability as a wide temporal range that can to be studied on an independent, be identified with technological absolute scale. In this study, we have developments associated with developed an obsidian hydration rate agriculture and farming. Considering on five samples of flakes found on the this broad ambiguity of the surface of Lipari Island, where the chronology among the Neolithic, goal of this experiment is to measure it has been difficult to identify the slope of water diffusion with temporal trends within trading photo acoustic technology. Here, we systems such as the Lipari obsidian assume that the rate of absorption is glass exchange that was central to the constant, which is representative of a Western Mediterranean. Difficulties long-term diffusion rate. Therefore, with temporal identification have utilization of hydration dating on thus provided an incomplete Lipari glass samples will facilitate understanding of the social the study of Neolithic exchange by atmosphere that surrounds this providing a chronological model that prehistoric exchange, where if the will contribute to the preliminary archaeological record can provide framework for the study of exchange a chronological understanding of in the Mediterranean. the exchange, then the sociality of
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POSTERS
ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF THE LITHIC CONTEXTS OF QUEBRADA SECA ZONA DE APROVISIONAMIENTO Y CANTERA AND ITS ROLE IN LOCAL LITHIC PRODUCTION SYSTEMS (ANTOFAGASTA DE LA SIERRA, PUNA DE CATAMARCA, ARGENTINA) Federico BOBILLO1
1CONICET, Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales (CONICET-ISES), Argentina. Instituto de Arqueología y Museo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (IAM-UNT), Argentina. [email protected]
Quebrada Seca Zona de on-site recording of workshops were Aprovisionamiento y Cantera carried out. A technical-typological (QSZAC) is a quarry with a wide analysis of a complete lithic workshop availability of volcanic rocks suitable assemblage from QSZAC was also for knapping tools. These raw performed. These analyses examine materials were intensively exploited the exploitation of volcanic rocks, for millennia by different groups raw material transport from the from Quebrada Seca (Antofagasta quarry, knapping of quarry-blanks by de la Sierra, Puna de Catamarca - bifacial thinning techniques and tool Argentina). The aim of this work was production by marginal retouch. Such to study lithic contexts of QSZAC toolkits would have been transported in order to provide information as part of a production system to about provisioning methods and residential sites, workshops or special tool production. For this purpose, purpose sites to be employed in systematic surveys, sampling and hunting or processing activities.
76 Book of Abstracts Session 3
POPULATION CONVERGENCE IN THE STROBEL PLATEAU (SANTA CRUZ, ARGENTINA): A DISCUSSION BASED ON THE STUDY OF LITHIC RAW MATERIALS VARIABILITY Josefina FLORES CONI1
1CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropologia y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (CONICET-INAPL), Argentina. [email protected]
Rock art research carried out in the analysis of variability and provenance Strobel plateau (Santa Cruz province, of lithic raw materials used for Patagonia, Argentina) has shown the manufacture of artifacts. It is that population convergence took important to highlight that after 15 place in this area, where information years of research carried out in the was concentrated and distributed on Strobel plateau we have not found a supra-regional scale (Belardi and any lithic source. However, previous Goñi 2006; Goñi 2010; Re 2010; work suggests the lithic resources Goñi et al. 2014). The central position used in the Strobel plateau are located of this plateau in the province’s in nearby areas. Therefore, when steppe would also be a crucial factor analyzing the variability, provenance regarding this process (Belardi and and distance of sources, this work Goñi 2006). In this context, the seeks to discuss the access to the aim of this work is to study this idea plateau and the regional circulation of population dynamics given the axes within the context of population evidence from lithic technology. In convergence. order to do this, we first consider the
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PROCUREMENT AND TRANSPORT OF LITHIC RESOURCES DURING THE LATE HOLOCENE IN THE SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTOR OF THE INTERSERRANA PLAIN (PAMPAS REGION, ARGENTINA) Agustina MASSIGOGE1, Rocío TORINO2 and María Paula BARROS3
1CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano (CONICET-INCUAPA), Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FACSO-UNICEN), Argentina. [email protected] 2Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FACSO-UNICEN), Argentina. [email protected] 3CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano (CONICET-INCUAPA), Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FACSO-UNICEN), Argentina. [email protected]
In the Interserrana plain (Pampas of the lithic assemblages from three region, Argentina), sources of stone stratigraphic sites (i.e., Cortaderas, Las with good flaking qualities are Brusquillas 1, and Las Brusquillas 3) extremely scarce and of restricted and two surface sites (i.e, Laguna La distribution. Consequently, hunter- Vizcacha,andLas Toscas 3) was carried gatherer populations obtained most out. These assemblages are composed lithic raw materials in the mountain by cores, flakes, and retouched flakes ranges that surround the plain manufactured mainly in quartzite from (Tandilia and Ventania), where these the Tandilia mountain range. Diverse resources are abundant and of high raw materials from the Ventania quality. The aim of our study was to mountain range and the Atlantic evaluate the strategies for procurement coast were also utilized, but in a lower and transport of lithic resources proportion. Lithic resources were employed by hunter-gatherers in the transported to these sites most often in sector of the Interserrana plain located the form of extensively reduced cores, between the Claromecó stream and blanks and finished tools, probably as the Quequén Grande River during part of a transported toolkit used to the Late Holocene (3500-1000 provision individuals. C14years BP). A comparative analysis
78 Book of Abstracts Session 3
TRANSPORTING ROCKS TO AN EMPTY ENVIRONMENT OF LITHIC RAW MATERIALS. THE CASE OF THE CENTRAL PAMPEAN DUNE FIELD (ARGENTINA) Pablo G. MESSINEO1, María Paula BARROS2, Nélida PAL3 and Nahuel A. SCHEIFLER4
1CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano (CONICET-INCUAPA), Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano (CONICET-INCUAPA), Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FACSO-UNICEN), Argentina. [email protected] 3CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano (CONICET-INCUAPA), Argentina. [email protected] 4CONICET, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET-CADIC), Argentina. [email protected]
The main objective of this (southeast), followed by other exotic presentation is to explore the reasons lithic raw materials in low frequencies for hunter-gatherer raw material (silicified dolomite, siliceous chert, transport towards the Central silex, obsidian, sandstone, granite, Pampean Dune field (West area metaquartzite, chalcedony, ryolite, of the Humid Pampas sub-region, micaceous schist, etc.), which came Argentina); a landscape lacking from diverse vectors of provenience lithic raw materials. For this purpose (South, West, southeast, southwest, we present macro- and microscopic and northwest). Different kinds characterizations of stone tool of lithic raw materials, reduction sand analyze different production sequences, and chipping techniques sequences and use strategies obtained were recognized. These are on lithic remains from four Holocene associated with the distance and stratified sites: Laguna Cabeza de access to resources, mobility patterns, Buey 2, Laguna de los Pampas S2E, and social interactions with hunter- La Susana 1, and Huencú Nazar. In gatherer groups who inhabited other these sites the lithic assemblages are territories during different periods of formed mainly by orthoquartzite and the Holocene. chert from the Tandilia Range System
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TOWARDS A MINIMALLY REALISTIC AGENT-BASED MODEL OF LITHIC RAW MATERIAL VARIABILITY Cornel M. POP1
1Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany. [email protected]
Interpreting lithic raw material Quantitative assessments of the fit frequencies in terms of past hominin between simulated and archaeological behaviours is a theoretically challenging patterns, on the other hand, require task. Agent-based modelling offers models which use actual units (e.g. days, a promising approach for drawing persons) instead of abstract parameters inferences by enabling us to simulate that lack a clear, unambiguous real- the archaeologically visible effects of world equivalent (e.g. ‘time-steps’, explicitly defined individual actions ‘agents’). and choices. Previous work has shown This poster examines the challenges that such models may be used to of developing a theoretically well- construct null hypotheses for what grounded, minimally-realistic agent- raw material variability should look based model of lithic raw material like under the simplest procurement, variability for Middle Palaeolithic transport, and discard behaviours, contexts. Specifically, it assesses the and that deviations may not only be impact of parameter estimation errors detectable but also traceable to specific for several variables necessary to behavioural domains. However, simulate procurement, transport, and interpreting the results of simulations discard behaviours at the time scales in terms of qualitative similarities to the usually reflected in Middle Palaeolithic archaeological record is problematic. assemblages.
80 SESSION 4
Global Perspectives on Obsidian Provenance and Hydration Dating
Organizers: Michael D. GLASCOCK1, Brandi L. MACDONALD2 and Valeria CORTEGOSO3
1University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center, Columbia, United States of America. [email protected] 2University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center Columbia, United States of America. [email protected] 3CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected]
Obsidian is a unique geologic material with physical and chemical properties that make it an ideal subject for archaeological investigation. It has been utilized to create sharp-edged tools, knives, weapons, ritual objects, and jewelry, and its visual and mechanical properties have continued to capture the attention of people throughout human history. The homogeneous chemical properties of obsidian sources and their subsequent artifacts have enabled archaeologists to characterize and trace networks of its acquisition, exchange, and use. As such, obsidian has become a hallmark of provenance-based archaeological inquiry. Obsidian provenance data are used to answer anthropological questions pertaining to lithic resource procurement strategies, mobility and cultural exchange, and technological developments over time and space. Obsidian also has the time-dependent property of absorbing water making it potentially useful for dating artifacts made from obsidian. A variety of analytical methods have played an integral role in advancing this research. At present, researchers have characterized more than 800 geologic sources of obsidian in at least 40 different countries worldwide. We invite colleagues from around the world to share results from their current obsidian research. 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
OBSIDIAN STUDIES IN THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN: A PROVENANCING SUCCESS STORY Robert H. TYKOT1
1University of South Florida, United States of America. [email protected]
In the central Mediterranean, villages of early agriculturalists obsidian from four Italian islands to larger settlements of complex has been found at >1000 prehistoric societies. archaeological sites up to 1000 km Nearly 90% of the artifacts have away. Starting with the first successful been analyzed in this millennium, sourcing studies in the 1960s, mostly due to the development of more than 12,000 artifacts have non-destructive X-ray fluorescence been analyzed, providing extensive spectrometers. Portable, hand-held information on chronological and devices in particular have enabled geographic changes in the selective rapid analyses in museums and use of sources through the Neolithic other facilities. Yet while they can and Bronze Ages (ca. 6000-1000 distinguish subsource groups for BC). To assess socioeconomic factors Sardinia (6) and Lipari (3), the regarding access to the sources, and pXRFs used so far were not able to the production and distribution of separate Palmarola subsources (3), obsidian, these data are incorporated and not all of those on Pantelleria (5). with the quality, quantity, and location The success and limitations of pXRF of the raw material; technological analyses on central Mediterranean developments and specialization archaeological research studies will in lithic artifact production; and be addressed. socioeconomic changes from small
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SOURCING OBSIDIAN FROM PREHISTORIC SITES IN ROMANIA Clive BONSALL1 and Adina BORONEANȚ2
1School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, United Kingdom. [email protected] 2VasilePârvan’ Institute of Archaeology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania. [email protected]
Use of obsidian is documented in Ukraine – with the frequency of many prehistoric sites in Romania, obsidian decreasing with distance ranging in age from Upper Palaeolithic from the sources. Our non- to Chalcolithic. Despite previously destructive XRF analyses contribute reported results attributing the to a better understanding of obsidian obsidian to geological outcrops in access, distribution and use, as well as both the Carpathian Mountains and providing insights into the social and the Aegean, our research points to economic contacts among various the former as the only source area regions of Romania in prehistory. used during Romanian prehistory. As We highlight changes in obsidian expected, the sites with the highest exchange networks over time, and proportions of obsidian artefacts consider the implications of our cluster in the northwest of Romania results for studies of the Mesolithic- – the area closest to the geological Neolithic transition in Southeast sources in Hungary, Slovakia and Europe.
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OBSIDIAN PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES AT THE DAWN OF THE TARASCAN EMPIRE, MICHOACAN, MEXICO Michael D. GLASCOCK1, Véronique DARRAS2, Marion FOREST3, Elsa JADOT4and Grégory PEREIRA5
1University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center, Columbia, United States of America. [email protected] 2Archéologie des Amériques, Université Paris, Panthéon-Sorbonne, France. [email protected] 3Archéologie des Amériques, Université Paris, Panthéon-Sorbonne, France. [email protected] 4Archéologie des Amériques, Université Paris, Panthéon-Sorbonne, France. [email protected] 5Archéologie des Amériques, Université Paris, Panthéon-Sorbonne, France. gré[email protected]
At the end of the Early Postclassic good indicator of social and economic period (1200 A.D.), the Zacapu Basin change. The obsidian deposits in (Michoacan, Mexico) experienced north-central and western Mexico major territorial reconfigurations were exploited in different ways from associated with demographic the first millennium to the Spanish fluctuations. Population growth Conquest. To examine changes in in the Sierra of Zacapu and the obsidian strategies, we present the development of urban settlements are results of X-ray Fluorescence for understood as the result of massive obsidian from two important sites in population movement from nearby the Zacapu Basin. The results indicate regions. Along with these changes that the consumption of exogenous came social, political and economic blades made with obsidians from transformations announcing the emblematic sources (such as Ucareo), emergence of the Tarascan Empire. ended when the prismatic blade Some of these changes were technology was introduced. The concerned with the organization of raw material procurement strategies specialized craft productions and the involved the massive use of regional adoption of new technologies such as and macro-regional obsidians prismatic blade technology. Access to through direct supply in some cases raw material resources also appears to and commercial networks in others. fluctuate. In particular, obsidian is a
84 Book of Abstracts Session 4
TEMPORAL CHANGES AND REGIONAL VARIETIES IN OBSIDIAN USE DURING THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC ON HOKKAIDO (JAPAN) Masami IZUHO1 and Jeffery R. FERGUSON2
1Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan. [email protected] 2University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center, Columbia, United States of America. [email protected]
We have recently been producing combination of X-ray fluorescence a large, and growing database (XRF) and neutron activation of obsidian provenance studies analysis (NAA). The application of on Hokkaido, Japan, in order to portable XRF (pXRF) technology understand temporal changes and aimed a systematic approach to regional diversities in the obsidian artifact sourcing that minimizes time, use through early, middle and late expense, and sample destruction Upper Paleolithic on Hokkaido, while achieving a high rate of Japan. Obsidian compositional confident source assignment by studies on Hokkaido have resulted employing a comprehensive source in high resolution obsidian raw data base. Results of provenance material procurement and reduction study show that the obsidian use strategies, particularly in terms of clearly varied over the time periods the implementation of systematic and regions, and can serve as a proxy source characterization studies that to understand the organization of have identified and characterized 21 hunter‐gatherer mobility patterns chemically-distinct sources using a and the lithic reduction strategies.
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OBSIDIAN MATA’A AS WEAPONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESTRUCTION ON RAPA NUI? Christopher M. STEVENSON1 and Caitlin WILLIAMS2
1Anthropology Program, School of World Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America. [email protected] 2Anthropology Program, School of World Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America. [email protected]
The ancient Rapa Nui extensively Rapa Nui indicates their usage spiked exploited their obsidian geological in the very early 17th century and then deposits as a source of raw material for abruptly declined in frequency after the production of flakes and shaped that period. This non-convergence tools. One of the more visible tools with the period of warfare recorded in the archaeological record is a large in the oral history, and the abrupt flake modified to form a broad blade decline in frequency of the tool and tang. Referred to as mata’a, these within the lithic assemblage after AD implements have conventionally 1600, argues for a new interpretation. been interpreted as “spear points,” or Experimental archaeology focusing weapons of war, which are proposed on tool breakage patterns and micro- to have been made in large numbers wear studies, coupled to island during a period of internal conflict deforestation, provides an alternate in the late 17th century. Obsidian hypothesis about the use of mata’a in hydration dating of 74 mata’a Rapa Nui prehistory. fragments from the southern coast of
86 Book of Abstracts Session 4
OBSIDIAN PROVENANCE AND ANCIENT ROUTES IN NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA:UPDATE OF DISTRIBUTION SPHERES AND TEMPORAL TRENDS Patricia Susana ESCOLA1 1Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca (CITCA) – CONICET- UNCA, Argentina. [email protected]
In 1997, I undertook a and the evidence of ten unknown comprehensive obsidian research in ones. This paper presents an update Northwestern Argentina. This project of these results based on new explored by INAA the provenance published and unpublished obsidian of 176 obsidian artefacts from 37 provenance data from different archaeological sites, dated between archaeological sites of the area. In 2200 years BP to 400 years BP, as well this current review the time span as the geochemical characterization considered goes from ca. 10.000 years of ten obsidian sources. The data BP to 400 years BP. The new results showed that two separate areas of allow to discuss the temporal depth distribution could be distinguished of the two distribution areas, the in the region with a high degree of continuity of the mutually exclusive stability throughout time. Two major distribution of the two major sources, sources (Zapaleri/Laguna Blanca and their stability over time. Also, and Ona-Las Cuevas) supplied the the role of the minor sources and its two distribution spheres with the limited dispersion is revised. complement of eight minor sources
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DECONSTRUCTING A COMPLEX OBSIDIAN LANDSCAPE IN NORTHWESTERN PATAGONIA: A GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL APPROACH Brandi L. MACDONALD1, María Victoria FERNÁNDEZ2, Ramiro BARBERENA3, Claudia DELLA NEGRA4, Agustina A. RUGHINI5, Valeria CORTEGOSO6, Víctor DURÁN7 and Michael D. GLASCOCK8
1University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center, Columbia, United States of America. [email protected] 2CONICET, IIdyPCa. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. [email protected] 3CONICET, Laboratorio de Paleocología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 4Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural, Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina. [email protected] 5Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 6CONICET, Laboratorio de Paleocología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 7CONICET, Laboratorio de Paleocología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 8University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center, Columbia, United States of America. [email protected]
The spatial structure of obsidian chemical types, was situated in the sources in Northwestern Patagonia Andean highlands (above 2000masl). is highly complex, presenting both Accordingly, these chemical types a challenge and an opportunity have been used as proxies for human to reconstruct human patterns movements between different of mobility and technological altitude settings. However, recent organization. Until recently, available geoarchaeological and geochemical information suggested that the Cerro information suggests that volcanic Huenul type was located in the and geomorphic processes have lowlands (900-1100 masl), while transported obsidian nodules the Laguna del Maule, with two across the region, preventing any
88 Book of Abstracts Session 4 straightforward spatial analysis. In sources prevents doing direct this presentation we show new field macro-regional reconstructions of and lab results for northern Neuquén mobility across altitudinal levels, Province (Argentina). These results the complexity of data available suggest that the different obsidian opens the way for more fine-grained types have a highly complex spatial assessments of human movements at structure encompassing the highlands micro-regional scales. In the future, to the lowlands, and overlapping spatial trajectories of reduction will in specific areas. While this new play a key role in this endeavor. geological framework for obsidian
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PROCUREMENT AND CIRCULATION OF OBSIDIAN IN THE PROVINCE OF LA PAMPA. NEW DATA Mónica Alejandra BERÓN1, Florencia N. PÁEZ2, Manuel CARRERA AIZPITARTE3, Martín GIESSO4 and Michael D. GLASCOCK5
1IDECU, CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Museo Etnográfico; FASCO, UNICEN, Argentina. [email protected] 2Museo Etnográfico, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA, Argentina. [email protected] 3IDECU, CONICET- UBA, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Museo Etnográfico; FACSO, UNICEN, Argentina. [email protected] 4Northeastern Illinois University, Department of Anthropology, Chicago, IL, United States of America. [email protected] 5University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America. [email protected]
The aim of this presentation is of our interpretation to four micro- to report the latest data regarding region research areas: Curacó, the procurement and circulation Serranías Pampeanas Meridionales, of obsidian in the province of La Valles Transversales and Bajos sin Pampa. In this sense, analyses of Salida. Studies of obsidian, together different samples from the Tapera with pottery, malacology and Moreira, La Tigra and La Chola bioanthropological studies, indicate sites are presented. The results are the existence of extensive networks consistent with the existing data of social interaction in the province of for La Pampa and indicate that the La Pampa. They would have operated obsidian recovered comes from from at least the beginning of the late sources located in the Chilean and Holocene and allowed the circulation pre-mountain ranges of the provinces of ideas, people and objects from the of Neuquén and Mendoza. The new mountain range to the Buenos Aires data broaden the spatial perspective coast.
90 Book of Abstracts Session 4
BLACK OBSIDIAN FROM PAMPA DEL ASADOR (SANTA CRUZ, PATAGONIA ARGENTINA): A REGIONAL SOURCE Gisela CASSIODORO1, Rafael GOÑI2, Silvana ESPINOSA3, Agustín AGNOLIN4 and Josefina FLORES CONI5
1CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, Argentina. [email protected] 2Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 3CIT Santa Cruz CONICET-UNPA-UTN, Argentina. [email protected] 4CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, Argentina. [email protected] 5CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, Argentina. [email protected]
Lithic artifacts manufactured in resource has been addressed to discuss black obsidian from Pampa del Asador mobility and circulation of human have a broad spatial distribution in groups in Patagonia (Espinosa and Patagonia. Different geochemical Molinari 1999, Civalero 1999, Re et analyzes have determined its use from al. 2014, Fernández et al. 2014, among Magellan’s Strait to Chubut province others). The aim of this presentation (Stern 2004). The first research is to display new information about at Pampa del Asador determined the distribution, density and size the general characteristics of the of obsidian pebbles at Pampa del source (Espinosa and Goñi 1999). Asador. New outcrops are detailed Subsequently, the distribution of and linked to regional archaeological smaller pebbles to the east (Belardi information to focus the discussion et al. 2006) and southeast of the area on the procurement area concept (Franco et al. 2017) was established. and the role of Pampa del Asador in Also, the distribution of this lithic hunter-gatherers´ mobility.
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OBSIDIANS FROM THE SOUTH OF CUMBRES CALCHAQUÍES. TECHNOLOGICAL AND PROVENANCE ANALYSIS IN TAFÍ AND ANFAMA VALLEYS (TUCUMÁN, ARGENTINA) Valeria FRANCO SALVI1, Juan MONTEGÚ2 and Julián SALAZAR3
1ISES CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina [email protected] 2Laboratorio de Estudios Materiales de la Historia, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected] 3CEH CONICET, Argentina. [email protected]
The aim of this presentation is to indirect procurement practices within communicate the results of the analysis complex distribution circuits. It was of knapped remains of obsidians also identified that this raw material recovered in archeological sites of the was used intensively to produce Tafí and Anfama valleys. The studies artifacts used in domestic settings addressed the use of this raw material associated with daily practices, which in their contexts and the role of the leads to open access to that resource. study area in obsidian distribution The results and their comparison circuits. The methodology used with nearby sites where this same involved the techno-morphological, raw material and provenance source morphological-functional and origin was detected in similar contexts analysis. allow us to think about the role of The sample showed an exclusive this materiality within the social and long-term use of the Ona source. reproduction strategies of the groups The distance to this area suggests that occupied the study area.
92 Book of Abstracts Session 4
PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM XRF ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE SOURCES OF OBSIDIAN TOBARRANCAS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES (JUJUY PROVINCE, ARGENTINE) Hugo YACOBACCIO1, Rodolphe HOGUIN2 and Michael D. GLASCOCK3
1UBA, CONICET, Instituto de Arqueología (UBA, FFyL), Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, Instituto de Arqueología (UBA, FFyL), Buenos Aires, Argentina. MAE Université Paris X, Nanterre, France. [email protected] 3University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America. [email protected]
In this work, we present the first determine first the role of obsidian results of XRF obsidian analysis from in lithic strategies through time. three archaeological sites in Barrancas Second, we determine the sources (Jujuy province, Argentine). These of obsidian supply from a sample archaeological sites are dated to the of 60 specimens for each site. Then, final Mid-Holocene and early Late we interpret the results in the frame Holocene, and correspond to low of supplying obsidian strategies for residential mobility hunter-gatherer hunter-gatherer and herder societies and early herder occupations. We and their evolution through time.
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POSTERS
OBSIDIAN PROVENANCE AND TRANSPORT IN CENTRAL PATAGONIA(CHUBUT, ARGENTINA). FROM THE EARLY HOLOCENE TO HISTORICAL CONTEXTS Analía CASTRO ESNAL1, Cecilia PÉREZ DE MICOU2 and Charles R. STERN3
1CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires; Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, Argentina. [email protected] 3University of Colorado, Department of Geological Sciences, Boulder, CO, United States of America. [email protected]
Distribution of obsidian artifacts sources and the coexistence of is an indicator of mobility and different types of obsidian show interaction between groups. a more complex scheme than a Geochemical studies indicate that simple distribution pattern related three main sources have been used to the relative proximity to each in Chubut province (42° to 46°S): source. An update of the state of the 1) Sacanana (Cerro Guacho), with a information and new unpublished broad representation in sites from the results from sites in SW Chubut are north of Chubut; 2) Telsen (Sierra presented here and their implications Negra), especially distributed in sites for understanding the technological from the northeast of the province; strategies and mobility circuits of and 3) Pampa del Asador (Santa Cruz hunter-gatherers are discussed, taking province), recovered mainly from into account a broad chronological sites located to the south of parallel framework ranging from the early 44°.The finding of obsidian artifacts at Holocene to the times of contact. great distances from their respective
94 Book of Abstracts Session 4
OBSIDIAN SOURCES FROM THE SOUTHERN ANDEAN HIGHLANDS (LAGUNA DEL DIAMANTE, ARGENTINA AND CHILE): GEOCHEMICAL INSIGHTS ON HUMAN BIOGEOGRAPHY Valeria CORTEGOSO1, Lucía YEBRA2, Víctor DURÁN3, Luis CORNEJO4, Ramiro BARBERENA5, Gustavo F. LUCERO6, Martín GIESSO7, Brandi L. MACDONALD8 and Michael D. GLASCOCK9
1CONICET, Laboratorio de Paleocología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 2ANPCyT, Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 3CONICET, Laboratorio de Paleocología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 4Universidad de Chile, Chile. [email protected]. 5CONICET, Laboratorio de Paleocología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 6Laboratorio de Paleocología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 7Northeastern Illinois University, United States of America. [email protected] 8University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center Columbia, United States of America. [email protected] 9University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America. [email protected]
In this paper we synthesize allow improving the geochemical the geochemical results available resolution of the different sources for obsidian sources and artifacts and, reassessing patterns of human from the highlands of Mendoza mobility reconstructed on the basis Province (Argentina) and the Maipo of archaeological distributions. The River valley (Chile). These results focus is on Laguna del Diamante area,
95 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials which is a high-altitude enclosed Laguna del Diamante chemical wetland (3300 masl, 34°S) with type, presenting an archaeological accessibility that is restricted to the distribution that is restricted to within austral summer months, during or nearby the lagoon. The second which it occupies a key position in chemical type corresponds to Arroyo intermountain circulation paths. Paramillos, whose source has not Since 2007 a total of 421 samples been recognized yet in the field. At from sources and archaeological an archaeological level, this type has sites in the area and proximate basins a distribution centered in the lagoon were analyzed by means of two non- and heavily skewed towards the destructive energy-dispersive x-ray western slope, along the Maipo River fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers: basin. Finally, a third source known Elva-X table top and Bruker III-V as Nieves Negras has been recently portable from the University of identified in the upper Maipo River Missouri Research Reactor. Three basin. This new finding has allowed geochemical signatures dominate improving the discrimination of the the regional archaeological record: archaeological samples. the first corresponds to the local
96 Book of Abstracts Session 4
LONG-TERMOBSIDIAN CIRCULATION IN QUEBRADA DEL TORO (SALTA), NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA Ma. Eugenia DE FEO1, Silvia Susana SORIA2 and Claudia MACORITTO TORCIVIA3
1CONICET- División Arqueología, Museo de La Plata, UNLP, Argentina. [email protected] 2ICSOH – CIUNSa. Universidad Nacional del Salta, Facultad de Humanidades, Argentina. [email protected] 3ICSOH – CIUNSa. Universidad Nacional del Salta, Facultad de Humanidades, Argentina. [email protected]
This work describes the results of in a long-term perspective, allowing X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to observe changes and continuities of 29 obsidian artefacts from in the sources of obsidian used, as archaeological sites in Quebrada well as on the dynamics of its use del Toro, Salta, Argentina. Analyzed and circulation. Moreover, a techno- materials were recovered from Las morphological study of different Cuevas I and V (Early Formative chronological contexts allowed the Period 700 AC-400 DC); Tres characterization the lithic production Cruces I (Late Formative Period at different moments. A significant 400-900/1000DC); and Tastil and reduction in the use of obsidian is Km-15 Puerta Las Arcas (Regional observed during the RDP, when it Developments Period - RDP 900- is mainly used for the manufacture 1430 DC). The XRF analyses show of projectile points, although the the use of obsidian from the Ona-Las presence of very small exhausted Cuevas, Quirón, Zapaleri, Tocomar obsidian cores is constant during and Laguna Cavi sources, which have the entire time lapse covered. The been previously identified and located provenance determinations show, in Northwestern Argentina. These with some variations, a stable use of results provide information to discuss obsidian sources from formative to macro-regional interaction networks late societies.
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OBSIDIAN IN PATAGONIA: A SOCIAL MAP OF A LONG DISTANCE TRAVELER ROCK IN HUNTER-GATHERER CONTEXTS María Victoria FERNÁNDEZ1 and Pablo Rodrigo LEAL2
1CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos de Cambio, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]
In Patagonia obsidian has been of obsidian on a macro regional scale widely used from the beginning of such as Patagonia. To achieve this goal, the occupation, even in sites far from we analyzed all the current geological the sources. Geochemical analyses and archeological information. Here carried out for archaeological we present the main geological obsidian indicate that multiple aspects of all known obsidian sources were used to procure this sources and their archeological rock. The most important ones, with spatial and temporal distribution. high quality nodules, abundance and The aim is create a map in order to wide dispersion, were used since the have a graphical representation of first peopling. However, there are the obsidian use patterns trough still some outcrops ignored or briefly the Holocene. Finally, we propose considered in archeological studies. and discuss different hypothesis Therefore, we attempt to construct to explain the observed results in a map that included not only the relation with the technological archeological known sources, but also decision making, the extent of social those geologically prospected. These relations, the territorial organization, allow make a more complex study of mobility, exchange systems, among the supply, transport and exchange many others.
98 Book of Abstracts Session 4
PROVENANCING OBSIDIAN: A PERSPECTIVE FROM THE NEAR EAST Elizabeth HEALEY1, Stuart CAMPBELL2 and Osamu MAEDA3
1School of Arts, Languages and Cultures, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom. [email protected] 2School of Arts, Languages and Cultures, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom. [email protected] 3Archaeology, University of Tskuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [email protected]
Provenancing obsidian in the Near well as this, innovative, interpretative East and the Mediterranean was put methods such as least cost path on a scientific footing in the 1960s by analysis, network analysis, diversity Colin Renfrew and colleagues. Since indexes and agent based modelling then many different methods have are being applied to the data. been used to characterise it. In our paper we will contextualise In recent times focus has shifted the data being generated both by the from methods of characterisation Manchester Obsidian Laboratory per se (though of course they remain and other Laboratories to show how, important) and has focused on from a Near Eastern perspective, this understanding the sources better is enabling us to build a much more and on provenancing assemblages nuanced understanding of the ways of artefacts, something made much in which obsidian as a raw material easier now that portable and/or non- was transformed into tools and other destructive methods are available. As objects.
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GEOARCHAEOLOGY, GEOCHEMICAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE COCHE QUEMADO OBSIDIAN SOURCE: SOUTHERN MENDOZA (ARGENTINA) María Laura SALGAN1, Gustavo NEME2, Sergio DIEGUEZ3, María de la Paz POMPEI4, Adolfo GIL5 and Michael D. GLASCOCK6
1IANIGLA-CONICET, Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 2IANIGLA-CONICET, Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 3Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 4IANIGLA-CONICET, Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 5IANIGLA-CONICET, Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina. [email protected] 6University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO, United States of America. [email protected]
During the last twenty years, good quality for the manufacture four primary obsidian sources have of tools. The nodules are part of a been recorded in southern Mendoza conglomerate that corresponds to province. The archaeological record the geological formation Agua de la indicates that all were used from the piedra (Oligocene). In this paper, we Holocene until pre-hispanic times, present the spatial distribution of the however many obsidian artifacts source, the variety of the macroscopic still are assigned to unknown characteristics of the raw material and sources. Recent surveys allowed current trends in the archaeological discovery a new obsidian source record. Seventeen samples were called Coche Quemado. It is located analyzed by INAA and XRF by the in the western margin of the lower Achaeometry Laboratory at MURR. basin of the Rio Grande, in the The results indicate that the Coche Mendoza Andean piedmont. The Quemado source has a different obsidian from the source appears geochemical signal than all other as nodules of variable sizes and very sources in the region.
100 SESSION 5
Learning the Lithic Landscape: Exploring the Effects of Dispersal, Migration, and Colonization on Lithic Technologies, and Vice Versa
Organizers: Ted GOEBEL1, Nora FLEGENHEIMER2 and Peter HISCOCK3
1Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America. [email protected] 2CONICET - Área de Arqueología, Municipalidad de Necochea, Argentina [email protected] 3Department of Archaeology, University of Sydney, Australia. [email protected]
This session explores how early humans adapted lithic technology to suit the requirements of dispersal, not just exploration but also migration, colonization, and settlement. Sample questions to be addressed include: In what ways were decisions regarding dispersal affected by lithic resources? In respective study areas, how reliable and predictable were lithic resources, and how did these parameters influence human decision-making during the dispersal process? Moreover, how did knowledge of the lithic landscape develop, and how did familiarity lead to modifications in procurement strategies and technological organization? Were there gender correlates, and what about social and ideological consequences? By taking an international perspective, we hope to explore the diversity of cultural solutions to these problems as well as further development of theory and method in the study of early human. 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
TOOLSTONE SOURCES AS IMPORTANT PLACES ON THE SOCIAL LANDSCAPES OF COLONIZING POPULATIONS Amandamae BAETTCHER1 and Khori NEWLANDER2
1Department of Anthropology & Sociology, Kutztown University, Pennsylvania, United States of America. [email protected] 2Department of Anthropology & Sociology, Kutztown University, Pennsylvania, United States of America. [email protected]
Archaeologists working to social and ideological landscapes. understand the process of learning Here, we draw on ethnographic unfamiliar landscapes have tended examples of the convergence of lithic to focus on the need for colonizing and social landscapes to propose that populations to build cognitive maps toolstone sources may have served as of the locations of food and non-food critical locations for the intergroup resources, especially tool-quality interactions necessary to maintain stone. Interestingly, ethnographic, the cultural and biological viability of ethnohistoric, and archaeological these colonizing populations. In this evidence indicates that, though view, toolstone sources may have been “high-quality” toolstone was not significant for colonizing populations essential for successful hunts, learning unfamiliar landscapes for toolstone sources still often occupied more than just the stone itself. important places on hunter-gatherer
102 Book of Abstracts Session 5
AN EARLY STONE AGE IN WESTERN AFRICA? SPHEROIDS AND POLYHEDRONS AT OUNJOUGOU, MALI Louis DE WEYER1
1School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun-Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China; UMR 7041 ArScAn – Anthropologie des Techniques des Epaces et des Territoires au Plio- pléistocène. [email protected]
The Ounjougou stratigraphic study polyhedrons, spheroids and sequence is the most complete record bolas, abundant in the collection, in western Africa for the Middle demonstrates that those artifacts Pleistocene. This paper focuses on were shaped from independent the lithic industry unearthed in the chaînes opératoires to realize lowest levels of the sequence. Despite specific tasks. The hypothesis of the impossibility of fixing the dating opportunistic débitage does not fit of those layers, the assemblage clearly with these materials at Ounjougou. presents Oldowan features. A strong Flake débitage, retouched flakes and erosive process, combined with shaped tools on pebbles, along with the absence of Acheulean industry, the polyhedron, spheroid and bola strengthen the idea of a probable component, give the first evidence of ancient age for the lithic industry. an Early Sone Age in the stratigraphy The technological and techno- western Africa. functional approach performed to
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LITHIC TECHNOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, MEMORY AND PERSEVERANCE AT MOCHENA BORAGO ROCKSHELTER, ETHIOPIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE AGGREGATION AND DISPERSAL OF LATE PLEISTOCENE HUNTER-GATHERERS IN AND OUT OF THE HORN OF AFRICA Steven A. BRANDT1
1University of Florida Department of Anthropology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America. [email protected]
Since 2006 the SWEAP and ages of 100-60 ka for earlier levels. CRC/806 projects have been The obsidian lithics reveal a diverse testing the hypothesis that the array of core technologies: elongated SW Ethiopian highlands formed a flake, discoidal, classic Levallois major environmental refugium for and Nubian point, prismatic blade/ regional hunter-gatherers coping bladelet, core-on-flake, bipolar and with the cold hyper-aridity of MIS angular. Tools include small unifacial 4 (~72-59 ka) and MIS 2 (27~12 to bifacial points, drills, burins, ka). One test implication is that scrapers and backed pieces, as well the aggregation of formerly isolated as large naturally backed basalt cultural groups into restricted areas “knives” and ground stones. Such formed behavioral “melting pots” diverse technologies and tool types that created technologically diverse defy simplistic culture-historical lithic landscapes. Excavations at designations, and they occur in Mochena Borago Rockshelter in varying frequencies throughout the highland SW Ethiopia have revealed sequence. I conclude with a discussion >3 vertical meters of stratified of how a refugium theory may help deposits radiocarbon dated to >50 explain the rapid and successful -36 ka, while obsidian hydration expansion of Homo sapiens through dates, although problematic, hint at and out of Africa after ~60 ka.
104 Book of Abstracts Session 5
NOVELTY AND DISPERSION. THE OPPORTUNITY FOR INNOVATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISPERSION OF PEOPLE INTO NEW LANDSCAPES Peter HISCOCK1
1Department of Archaeology, University of Sydney, Australia. [email protected]
The Australian archaeological events is not uncommon in the record clearly displays periodic archaeological record globally. This innovations in lithic technology. paper considers the opportunities Some, perhaps many of these for innovation associated with innovation events coincide with the the movement of people into dispersal/movement of people. A new territory, and develops the recently identified example is the proposition that colonization events invention of edge-ground axes shortly might destabilize the operation of after the colonization of Sahul. This technological systems and create association of the development of novelty. novel technologies and dispersal
105 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
LEARNING THE LITHIC LANDSCAPE: A VIEW FROM THE FAR NORTH Kelly E. GRAF1
1Department of Anthropology and Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America. [email protected]
We may expect humans entering their landscape, and the process of a new region to be naïve about their “settling in.” We explore this process surroundings, initially unfamiliar with of learning local lithic landscapes in locations of the highest-quality stones Siberia and Alaska during the late for tools and seasonal distributions Pleistocene. By examining various of flora and fauna. As they settled lithic technological variables and in, they would become increasingly characterizing ways technological familiar with distributions of local organization changed through resource patches, learning how to time, we note several key shifts in most effectively use these resources to provisioning and land-use strategies make a living in their environments. that signal levels of familiarity with In this paper, we explore the the local lithic landscape as these far relationship between humans, northern regions were peopled.
106 Book of Abstracts Session 5
TOOLSTONE PROCUREMENT AND SELECTION IN EASTERN BERINGIA: CHARACTERIZING THE LITHIC LANDSCAPE IN THE NENANA VALLEY, INTERIOR ALASKA Angela GORE1
1Department of Anthropology and Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas A&M University College Station, Texas, United States of America. [email protected]
Investigating prehistoric landscape sites dating from the late Pleistocene use is significant in understanding to Holocene and containing artifacts adaptive strategies in the late produced on volcanic materials such Pleistocene and early Holocene. How as basalts, rhyolites and dacites. did humans provision themselves We can geochemically characterize on the landscape and how did these these toolstones through portable behaviors change through time? One x-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis way to begin to address landscape use to explore toolstone use in the is through lithic procurement and valley. This presentation compares selection studies; these are significant geochemical data from Nenana Valley in understanding prehistoric sites with geochemical signatures behavioral adaptation because obtained from both primary outcrops procurement and selection strategies and local alluvium sources collected shape toolkits, mobile strategies and during the 2016 and 2017 field season settlement patterns. An initial step to characterize the lithic landscape in characterizing these activities is and explore how local materials were attempted through examining lithic utilized by prehistoric Alaskans in artifacts from several Nenana Valley eastern Beringia.
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HUMAN DISPERSALS TO THE NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIC: VARIATION IN LATE PLEISTOCENE TOOLSTONE PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES AND LITHIC TECHNOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION AT TWO ENDS OF THE ICE-FREE CORRIDOR Heather L. SMITH1
1Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, New Mexico, United States of America. [email protected]
Recent investigations into the to high-quality, fine-grained varieties lithic record of late Pleistocene that they transported hundreds Alaska have identified similarities of kilometers across Alaska and in the technological organization of northern Yukon. In contrast, the early the earliest North American fluted- fluted-point record of the Ice-free point makers, whom we refer to as Corridor demonstrates use of local Clovis, and that of fluted-point users toolstones, suggesting a familiarity occupying the Arctic 1000 years later. with the lithic landscape developed in Evidence suggests that a technological, years prior to the arrival of dispersing and potentially a culturally historical, groups. This paper will discuss the relationship exists between these results of a North-South comparison groups, as well as those responsible of late Pleistocene technological for the earliest fluted points found in organization and tool maintenance the archaeological record of western strategies to examine how early Canada, suggesting a northward toolstone procurement in the Ice- dispersal event through the Ice-free free Corridor may have affected the Corridor at the end of the last Ice Age. dispersal of early groups to the Arctic Like Clovis, early Arctic groups were and their fluted-point technological highly mobile and limited toolstone adaptation.
108 Book of Abstracts Session 5
PARALLEL LITHIC RAW MATERIAL PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES DURING THE FLUTED POINT PERIOD IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES: OPPORTUNISTIC ENCOUNTER OR CONSCIOUS CHOICE Nathaniel R. KITCHEL1
1Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, United States of America. [email protected]
Landscape unfamiliarity is encounters with materials from sometimes argued to impact the secondary deposits, but from planned selection of lithic raw materials forays to bedrock source locations, during a settlement event. While many of which remain unknown to this is obviously the case for the archaeologists. Taken together these very first inhabitants or explorers lines of evidence demonstrate that of new landscapes, this landscape not only did foraging groups during learning process may not be visible the fluted point period have a deep in the archaeological record. In the familiarity with the lithic raw material northeastern United States parallel resources available to them, but that lithic raw material procurement some of these materials and their strategies appear to have operated source locations had already been during the early and middle fluted imbued with social significance by point periods. At this time these the time these populations became groups treat a large number of fine visible in the archaeological record. grained volcanic materials very These converging lines of evidence differently than distinctive red fail to support the hypothesis that Munsungun chert from northern landscape unfamiliarity played a Maine. Not only does red Munsungun significant role in conditioning chert appear more frequently in the lithic procurement practices of fluted point sites than do rhyolites, these early groups, and indicate that this material is transported over deliberate selection for discreet raw much greater distances. Nonetheless, materials played an important role rhyolite procurement does not in lithic raw material procurement appear to arise from opportunistic practices at this time.
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MIGRATION, COLONIZATION, AND SETTLEMENT IN FLORIDA: PRECLOVIS TO EARLY ARCHAIC Michael FAUGHT1 and Charlotte D. PEVNY2
1Archaeological Research Cooperative Courtesy Assistant Professor, University of Florida, United States of America. [email protected] 2SEARCH, Inc., United States of America. [email protected]
Florida has a substantial late resources. A localized trajectory of Pleistocene to early Holocene settlement and cultural continuity archaeological record of human extends from Clovis to early Archaic migration (preClovis), colonization populations, and this trajectory (Clovis), dispersal (late Paleoindian), can be traced through tool type and settlement (early Archaic). This and tool kit continuities including record is related to “mapping on” the biface reduction strategies. Projectile locations of Florida’s restricted spring- point shape analysis and study of fed potable water and associated tool production attributes, as well abundant toolstone. Whereas Clovis as stratigraphic continuity, indicate populations were restricted to karst ancestor-descendant relationships, geologic outcrops, later Paleoindians but “descent with modification” and were able to expand landscape use to adaptation to new resources. new environs and access additional
110 Book of Abstracts Session 5
WHAT THE STRATIFIED PALEOINDIAN RECORD AT BONNEVILLE ESTATES ROCKSHELTER (NEVADA, USA) CAN TELL US ABOUT TOOLSTONE PROCUREMENT AND TECHNOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION DURING THE COLONIZATION PROCESS Ted GOEBEL1
1Department of Anthropology and Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America. [email protected]
Bonneville Estates Rockshelter same subsistence activities at the contains a unique record of rockshelter throughout these Paleoindian technology potentially occupations. In other words, by being useful for investigating toolstone able to hold place and subsistence procurement in a colonization activities constant, Bonneville Estates setting. First, it is a very large, obvious may be a site where we can consider rockshelter overlooking the western how increasing knowledge of the Bonneville basin of the eastern Great lithic landscape affected technology. Basin Desert, one that was likely From this perspective, we present occupied by the region’s earliest the results of a detailed analysis inhabitants. Second, it contains of toolstone procurement and multiple Paleoindian cultural layers, technological organization of these the first dating to 13-12.5 ka, the earliest occupations, considering second to 12.5-11.4 ka, and the third whether the lithic record indeed can to 11.4-10.5 ka. Third, Paleoindians be used as a proxy of the ‘settling-in’ appear to have maintained the process.
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TECHNOLOGICAL VARIABILITY IN THE EARLY HOLOCENE IN THE CENTRAL PLATEAU OF BRAZIL AND SOUTHWESTERN BRAZIL BORDER WITH URUGUAY María Elida FARÍAS GLUCHY1 and Sibeli Aparecida VIANA2
1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (FURG), Brazil. [email protected] 2Pontificia Universidade Católica do Goiás, Brazil. [email protected]
We present reflections about middle Holocene indicate that it is a technological lithic variability in two technical phenomenon that does not regions of Brazil, the Central Plateau exist in other sites in South America. and the southern state of Rio Grande In the area along the southwestern do Sul. Both have dates suggesting border of Brazil with Uruguay, early Holocene ages, and the results archaeological sites from both surface comes from a techno-functional and stratigraphic contexts present analysis applied on lithic materials a significant technical diversity. recovered from sites in these regions. Different technological production The Central Plateau is characterized systems are present, and for each of by the Itaparica Techno-complex, the modes (façonnage and debitage) composed of instruments with an there are different predetermined easily identifiable silhouette. The blanks that may or may not correspond technological design suggests the to specific tools. There are clear existence of a standardized hafting technological differences in different technique and its organization areas and periods, indicating multiple into different functional parts. The technological behaviors, indicating localized spatial distribution of this that a single model of peopling is not material and its rupture with the enough to explain these occupations.
112 Book of Abstracts Session 5
EARLY LITHIC LANDSCAPES IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL: PERSPECTIVES FROM A CASE STUDY IN DOURADO, SÃO PAULO STATE Arlys Nicolás Batalla CROSSA1, Letícia Cristina CORREA2 and Astolfo ARAUJO3
1Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. [email protected] 2Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. [email protected] 3Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. [email protected]
In the last two decades, the America. The lithic industry consists selection and procurement of lithic exclusively of artifacts manufactured resources by hunter-gatherers have from silicified sandstone. A survey been proxies for studying the growing of potential and utilized, primary familiarization with a landscape and secondary raw material sources during the initial colonization of the is underway, and macroscopic and Americas and elsewhere. In Brazil, microscopic comparisons with different technological traditions artifacts recovered in the two main are recognized for the period of ca. chronological components (ca. 11,000-8000 14C yr BP and perhaps 12,640–11,000 cal yr BP and ca. earlier. Here, we discuss data from 8870–7650 cal yr BP) of the site recently discovered sites in the are being made. Implications of raw Dourado region, central São Paulo material procurement strategies State, in southeastern Brazil. With the between components are discussed in lower levels dating back to ca. 12,640 light of landscape learning acquisition cal yr BP, the Bastos site represents among early hunter-gatherers of one of the oldest sites in eastern South eastern South America.
113 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
RAW MATERIAL PROCUREMENT AND LANDSCAPE USE DURING THE PLEISTOCENE/HOLOCENE TRANSITION IN EASTERN TANDILIA HILLS (BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA) Federico G. BONNAT1
1CONICET/ Laboratorio de Arqueología Regional Bonaerense (UNMDP), Argentina [email protected] The process of familiarization the new land. In the eastern Tandilia (by exploration) and adaptation to Hills, eleven archaeological sites show unfamiliar landscapes represents a wide diversity of lithic resources the initial part of the colonization used by the first population of and settlement of a new “empty land hunter-gatherers who occupied this mass”. In many cases around the land mass during the late Pleistocene world, this process occurred among and early Holocene (ca. 10.000 hunter-gatherers, and there are several yr BP). Based on results obtained variables that acted in this landscape from the analysis of these sites, I learning event and subsequent attempt to discuss the mechanisms of occupation, such as the particular acquisition of this rock, its patterns of environment (e.g. availability use, the relation with other resources, of critical resource and climatic and the implications of the different condition) and the pre-adaptation kinds of sources and rock quality on that colonizers brought with them to provisioning.
114 Book of Abstracts Session 5
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS RESERVOIRS OR “CACHE” RECORD IN THE ECOTONAL AREA OF HÚMEDA SECA PAMPEANA, ARGENTINA Marcela LEIPUS1 and Fernando OLIVA2
1División Arqueología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata, Argentina. [email protected]; [email protected] 2CEAR, Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina. [email protected]
The record of “caches” in different terms of sourcing, conservation and sectors of the AEHSP would indicate “lithification strategies” in a broad a specific and characteristic strategy regional landscape. The “caches” of this area of research, which would presented correspond to sets of be conditioned first by the special standardized lithic artifacts produced environmental and social complexity on a variety of good lithic material in capturing good quality stone (e.g. rhyolite, quartzite, chalcedony). materials by hunter-gatherer societies. The “lithification” of the landscape This situation reflects a decision in through the development of landscape lithification, signaling, “caches” represents strategies that maintenance, and standardization correspond to consensual decisions of artifact composition, and allows that express aspects of economic, us to propose the existence of social, ideological, and technological spatially managed social networks, systems. This situation impacts the the sharing of common codes in the decision-making, planning of use, use of lithic resources at a broader conservation, and storage of critical regional level. This study, focusing stone resources. In the present work on hunter-gatherer societies, seeks to the results of the functional analysis discuss the material manifestations of the reservoirs or “caches” located of certain strategies of the use of in Puan, elaborated in quartzite and space and time, as they imply the rhyolite, are presented. Based on these planning of group activities that results, regional reinterpretations took place in the near future. The related to the use and management of appearance of these “caches” in the territory by hunter-gatherers who different distant latitudes, allows the inhabited the Pampas region in the proposal of a specific approach in Upper Holocene are possible.
115 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
CACAO 1: LITHIC EVIDENCE AND MOBILITY RANGES DURING THE PLEISTOCENE IN THE ATACAMA PUNA (ANTOFAGASTA DE LA SIERRA, CATAMARCA, ARGENTINA) Carlos A. ASCHERO1, Wilfredo FAUNDES CATALÁN2 and Federico BOBILLO3
1ISES (CONICET/UNT) e Instituto de Arqueología y Museo (FCN-UNT), Argentina. [email protected] 2Instituto de Arqueología y Museo, FCN-UNT, Argentina. [email protected] 3ISES (CONICET/UNT) e Instituto de Arqueología y Museo (FCN-UNT), Argentina. [email protected]
Cacao 1 is a shelter with rock the time of writing this abstract there art situated at the confluence of are two dates of about 38,000 yr BP the Cacao and Curuto bogs, at for this level. Also the top of level 5 is 25°54’46” S, 67°20’27.1” W and dated to about 37,000 yr BP, and its 3755 masl, in the Antofagasta de la base is dated to about 40,000 yr BP. Sierra Department, Catamarca. We An extension of the excavation during here present a small lithic artifact May 2017 yielded new findings, assemblage composed of flaked tools, which are currently are being dated. utilized flakes and debitage, all found Lithic artifacts include obsidian from in a flat, horizontal position in level 5. the Ona or Salar de Hombre Muerto This level is characterized by a matrix sources, quartzite and vulcanite from mainly composed of vegetal remains sources close to Antofagasta de la and a smaller proportion of fine sand, Sierra, and a local vulcanite. These originating from the disaggregation indicate a provisioning range of 80 and trampling of extinct fauna feces km, which is larger when considering (megatherium, mylodon, horse). At also vegetal remains.
116 Book of Abstracts Session 5
HIGH-QUALITY TRANSLUCENT QUARTZ CRYSTAL QUARRYING DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE TO EARLY HOLOCENE TRANSITION IN NORTHERN SEMIARID CHILE César MÉNDEZ1, Amalia NUEVO DELAUNAY2, Roxana SEGUEL3and Antonio MALDONADO4
1Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, Chile. [email protected] 2Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, Chile. [email protected] 3Centro Nacional de Conservación y Restauración, Dirección de Bibliotecas Archivos y Museos, Chile. [email protected] 4Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Chile. [email protected]
Late Pleistocene to early Holocene chronology, and context. This locality dates from high-quality lithic quarry sheds light into bifacial production deposits have not been often reported stages of high-quality translucent in South America. Though bearing quartz crystal between 11,400 and intrinsic interpretive difficulties due 12,600 calibrated years before present. to frequent palimpsest, studying This period is coincidental with a quarry sites is key to disentangling drying trend as indicated by regional early-stage raw material behaviors of pollen records. Furthermore, it is hunter-gatherers during the initial also a time when natural landscapes phases of the peopling of unfamiliar became the earliest taskscapes in landscapes. We present the results the region, thereby encompassing of the study of the Valiente lithic the initial organization of the use workshop in the northern semiarid of space. Funded by FONDECYT region of Chile, including details grants# 1170408, 1140837. of its geoarchaeology, radiocarbon
117 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
MOVEMENT DURING EARLY PEOPLING OF THE SOUTH CENTRAL ANDEAN HIGHLANDS: LITHIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE MEGAPATCH CONCEPT Daniela OSORIO1, James STEELE2, Marcela SEPÚLVEDA3, Calogero M. SANTORO4 and Ignacio DE LA TORRE5
1Institute of Archaeology, University College London. Laboratorio de Arqueología y Paleoambiente, Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Chile. [email protected] 2Institute of Archaeology, University College London, United Kingdom. [email protected] 3Laboratorio de Arqueología y Paleoambiente, Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Chile. [email protected] 4Laboratorio de Arqueología y Paleoambiente, Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Chile. [email protected] 5Institute of Archaeology, University College London, United Kingdom. [email protected]
This paper explores the hypothesis features to one that was previously that the south central Andean occupied. Having the megapatch as a high Puna can be considered as a unifying framework, we draw on the megapatch, and a possible early lithic materials found in the earliest corridor for the early peopling of South highlands sites from northermost America. The megapatch is a concept Chile to evaluate the existence of a based on the notion that movement wider cultural tradition across the by hunter-gatherers, on a larger spatial south central Andean high Puna. In scale, will occur within regions with a identifying technological traits shared resource structure distributed across across this megapatch, we propose many rather homogeneous patches. to identify cultural features of the These megapatches would be also earliest occupation of this ecological in a coarser grain, homogeneous in region. To support development of relation to a given cultural tradition a more adequate model of mobility, of resource exploitation. Dispersal we also critique the dichotomous would be facilitated because hunter- classification of archaeological site gatherers may have been able to function as either residential or transfer landscape knowledge in logistical camps. a new area with similar ecological
118 Book of Abstracts Session 5
HUMAN DISPERSAL IN THE ATLANTIC SLOPE OF PATAGONIA AND THE ROLE OF LITHIC AVAILABILITY Nora V. FRANCO1, Luis A. BORRERO2and Gustavo F. LUCERO3
1IMHICIHU (CONICET). Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Ciencias Antropológicas, Argentina. [email protected] 2IMHICIHU (CONICET). Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Ciencias Antropológicas, Argentina. [email protected] 3Laboratorio de Paleocología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina. [email protected]
The process of initial human different environments between ca. dispersal in Patagonia involved 11,500 and 9000 yr BP, while previous different kinds of environments, chronologies are still debated. Some with humans probably using least- of these occupations may correspond cost paths and settling in areas to its initial exploration. Early artifact rich in resources. The speed of the distributions and their characteristics dispersal is probably related to the are analyzed along with the availability degree of homogeneity of the already of high-quality rocks and the known and the new lands. Most of spatial and temporal environmental the evidence for this initial dispersal variability. The interconnection can be elusive, especially taking into among different areas, possible routes account low human demographies, and theoretical costs of transportation the difficulty of finding early open is modeled using GIS. The final goal air occupations and the formation is to understand the role of different processes involved. Data obtained resources, including lithics, in the from the Deseado Massif and regions human ranking of the land, as well as located south of the massif throughout technological strategies used during the Atlantic slope of Patagonia human initial dispersal. indicates that humans were using
119 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
INITIAL PEOPLING AND LITHIC RAW MATERIALS IN LACUSTRINE BASINS AND HIGH AREAS OF CENTRAL- WESTERN SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE (ARGENTINA) Agustín AGNOLIN1, Silvana ESPINOSA2 and Gisela CASSIODORO3
1CONICET-INAPL, Argentina. [email protected] 2CIT SANTA CRUZ-CONICET-UNPA-UTN, Argentina [email protected] 3CONICET-UBA-INAPL, Argentina. [email protected]
In the steppe and forest ecotone of this paper we evaluate diagnostic and central-western Santa Cruz province, comparative information regarding Argentina, there are three lithic their use during the initial stages of raw materials whose primary and hunter-gatherer settlement in this secondary sources are known. These southern region. The analysis is based are the obsidian of Pampa del Asador, on debris, tools and cores recovered the siltstone from the west bank of in contexts with middle and early Cardiel Lake and a silicified green Holocene chronologies from the low tuff located along the southern shore basins of Tar, San Martín and Cardiel of San Martin Lake. Research has lakes as well as the highlands of the allowed us to recognize that these raw Guitarra plateau and Perito Moreno materials have a disparate distribution National Park. We also discuss the in the archaeological landscape. importance of these knappable Moreover, the characteristics of their materials in human settlement use during the late Holocene have processes and the initial learning of already been discussed (Cassiodoro the landscape. et al. 2015, Espinosa et al. 2015). In
120 Book of Abstracts Session 5
TECHNO-ECONOMIC APPROACH TO ELABORATED CORE REDUCTION METHODS AND DÉBITAGE OF FUEGO- PATAGONIA HUNTER-GATHERERS (MIDDLE-LATE HOLOCENE, SOUTHERNMOST SOUTH AMERICA) Flavia MORELLO REPETTO1
1Universidad de Magallanes, Instituto de la Patagonia, Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral, Chile. [email protected] The study of a sample of lithic blade tendency and discoid core industries from southernmost reduction). They show interactions Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego and contact between human allows the discussion of cultural groups, and likewise they display dynamics displayed by terrestrial the existence of shared conceptions and marine hunter-gatherers, during and a generalized knowledge corpus the middle and late Holocene. The for the Fuego-Patagonia macro- techno-economic approach used region. The existence of a common to study the materials from Fell cultural background that transcends cave, Punta Santa Ana 3, Marazzi 1, the terrestrial-maritime dichotomy, Cabo Monmouth 20, Oosin Aike wide ecosystem variations and later and Cabo San Vicente, among other ethnographic group division, is worthy collections, focused on elaborated of remark. The techno-economic core reduction methods and débitage results and implications for cultural with predetermination as the action dynamic are particularly considered modes that can be related to complex in regard to colonization processes, processes of knowledge sharing and discussing parameters that could have transmission (particularly Levallois, influenced human decision-making also Chopping tool or Clactonian, related to technological organization.
121 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
POSTERS
A CLUDE FOR A MATERIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO DISTANT PLACES OF PAMPEAN AND PATAGONIAN EARLY HUNTER-GATHERERS Natalia MAZZIA1 and Enrique TERRANOVA2
1CONICET - Área Arqueología y Antropología, Municipalidad de Necochea, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET - Division Arqueología, Museo de la Plata, FCNyM-UNLP, Argentina. [email protected]
Shared lithic raw materials have No flakes, cores or other tools on the been key elements when considering same rock have been found so far at the interconnections among this site or other sites with similar archaeological contexts from distant chronology in the micro-region. places. A relationship based on similar This rock also has not been recorded archaeological assemblages and among assemblages assigned to the physical features of their settings has Middle and Late Holocene. The already been proposed for the central- source for this raw material most east portion of the Tandilia Range probably lies outside the region. In (Buenos Aires) and Somuncurá contrast, this rock is found among Plateau (Río Negro). Particularly, different types of tools and flakes at this correlation has been established Amigo Oeste and nearby sites in the between Cerro El Sombrero Cima Somuncurá Plateau. Reddish, brown and Amigo Oeste, both outstanding and ocher-colored chert outcrop in sites with early settlers evidences. In the Talagapa Creek basin. Since no this presentation we analyze a singular petrographic analyses are possible, tool found at Cueva Zoro, a spatially this presentation is based on a first and chronologically related site to approach to these lithic materials Cerro El Sombrero, manufactured through a visual comparison. on reddish and ocher-colored chert.
122 Book of Abstracts Session 5
AVAILABILITY AND CIRCULATION OF ANDESITE AND OBSIDIAN DURING THE HOLOCENE IN SOUTH-CENTRAL PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA Mariana SACCHI1, Ana Gabriela GURAIEB2, Damián BOZZUTO3, María Teresa CIVALERO4 and Nicolás MAVEROFF5
1FFyL, UBA. INAPL. Ministerio de Cultura de la Nación, Argentina. [email protected] 2FFyL, UBA. INAPL. Ministerio de Cultura de la Nación, Argentina. [email protected] 3Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). FFyL-UBA. Argentina. [email protected] 4Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). FFyL-UBA. Argentina. [email protected] 5FFyL, UBA - INAPL. Ministerio de Cultura de la Nación, Argentina. [email protected]
This paper discusses different differentially by the paleolakes aspects of andesite and obsidian present from the Pleistocene up until availability and circulation at different the middle Holocene. The basis of moments of the occupation sequence the discussion takes into account in the Pueyrredón-Posadas-Salitroso sites from the northeast coast of (PPS) lake basin in the north, and Pueyrredón Lake, Cerro de los Indios the Burmeister-Belgrano lake basin in 1 (central portion of the PPS basin) the south (northwestern Santa Cruz and Cerro Casa de Piedra 7 (near Province, Argentine Patagonia). The Burmeister Lake). This investigation distribution of raw materials -both in considers three moments that are space and time - allows us to assert contained at the sites studied: ca. that potential regional circulation 8000-4000 yrBP; ca. 4000-2000 yr routes would have been affected BP; ca. 2000 yr BP and later.
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SESSION 6
The Study of Knappable Materials in Historical Contexts. State of The Art and Analytical Perspectives
Organizers: Amalia NUEVO DELAUNAY1, Alistair PATERSON2, Jimena ALBERTI3 and Silvana BUSCAGLIA4
1Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Chile. [email protected] 2The University of Western Australia (Perth, Australia), Australia. [email protected] 3Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas (IMHICIHU), CONICET, Argentina. [email protected] 4Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas (IMHICIHU), CONICET, Argentina. [email protected]
Since the beginning of humanity rocks have been used to manufacture artifacts and structures necessary not only to ensure coping with the inhabited environments, but also to fulfill various social and symbolic functions. In historical contexts, the use of rocks has been heterogeneous, both from an artifactual and an architectural point of view. Studies on knappable materials recovered from historic archaeological sites are less frequent, although the variability of raw materials incorporated during this time span is broader; e.g. lithic, bones, glass, stoneware. The goal of this session is to account for the state of the art on knappable materials’ studies recovered from historical sites. In doing so we will discuss manufacturing techniques, uses, circulation, and social meanings of knapped materials, among them artifacts and/or structures of premodern and modern contexts. Debates on changes and continuities related to the use of knappable materials, theoretical frameworks, methodological approaches and current issues are also encouraged. This will allow for a dialogue and discussion among all those who participate in the session. 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS ANALYSIS OF GUNFLINTS FROM THE BRITISH SHIPWRECK DELTEBRE I (1813), CATALONIA, SPAIN Nicolás C. CIARLO1, Gustau VIVAR2, Judith CHARLIN3, Jimena ALBERTI4 and Silvana BUSCAGLIA5
1CONICET – Instituto de Arqueología, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 2Centre d’Arqueologia Subaquàtica de Catalunya, Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya (CASC- MAC), Spain. [email protected] 3Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas (IMHICIHU), CONICET. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA, Argentina. [email protected] 4Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas (IMHICIHU), CONICET, Argentina. [email protected] 5Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas (IMHICIHU), CONICET, Argentina. [email protected]
The results of the geometric mechanism. It is noteworthy that morphometrics analysis applied to gunflints integrate a worldwide 200 gunflints with no evidence of use dimension of the lithic technology, are presented. The assemblage was covering a chronological range from recovered from the British shipwreck the middle of the 17th century until Deltebre I, that integrated an allied the beginning of the 20th century. convoy that unsuccessfully tried This study, which is novel in to liberate Tarragona city from the Historical Archaeology, gives Napoleonic forces, and sunk in the some insights of the potential of Ebro river delta in 1813. geometric morphometrics for the Gunflints were used to ignite the quantitative analysis of the gunflints’ powder of firearms such as rifles morphological and metrical and pistols, through a flintlock variations and their implications on
126 Book of Abstracts Session 6 their functionality. This approach establishing the presence of flaws in allows evaluating the degree of the gunflints and its impact on their standardization in the design and efficiency during firing. manufacture of the specimens, and
127 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
LITHIC TECHNOLOGY AT THE FRANCISCAN MISSIONS OF LA FLORIDA Charles R. COBB1 and Gifford J. WATERS2
1Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, United States of America [email protected] 2Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, United States of America [email protected]
Lithic data have received sparse metal tools. This persistence is also attention in research on the reflected in historical accounts where, Franciscan missions of Spanish La for example, Native Americans Florida. We have attempted to correct were mandated to maintain this imbalance through our ongoing quotas of arrows. Formal stone digital database project Cataloguing tool systems are manifested in the the Franciscan Missions of La Florida. manufacture of bifacial projectile This project involves a re-analysis points and the unusual occurrence of all of the collections (lithic and of a prismatic blade technology. A otherwise) from three seventeenth- wide range of expedient flake tools century interior missions. Our was also an important component study emphasizes the variability of the household. In addition to in tools and their manufacture characterizing the lithic technologies both within and between mission on the sites, our presentation communities. The research reveals addresses the methodological that Timucuan Native Americans challenges of developing an approach continued to rely on a diverse lithic toward debitage analysis that allows technological tradition well after for consistency between researchers arrival of friars in their communities with only modest experience in the and the subsequent importation of study of lithic materials.
128 Book of Abstracts Session 6
IS THERE AN END TO THE “STONE AGE” IN ETHIOPIA? Elisabeth A. HILDEBRAND1 and Steven A. BRANDT2
1Anthropology Department, Stony Brook University, United States of America [email protected] 2Anthropology Department, University of Florida, United States of America [email protected]
Ethiopia has one of the longest emergence of specialized lithic continuous records of lithic (flaked workshops involved in processing stone) manufacture and use in the animal skins for long-distance world. Stone toolmaking begins exchange. It continues by examining by ~2.6 mya with the core/flake archaeological and historical evidence industries of the Afar Rift, and for stone tool production and use continues right up to the present among various complex societies with the hide working artisans of and pastoral, farming and hunter/ southern and eastern Ethiopia. This gatherer communities of southern paper explores similarities, contrasts, Ethiopia from ~500 CE until the 20th and processes of change among century CE. It concludes by surveying recent societies in Ethiopia whose the lithic-dependent hide workers dependence on lithic technology is of eastern and southern Ethiopia’s documented through written and ethnographic present, and examining oral history. It begins by describing possible reasons for their continuing the establishment of Pre-Aksumite lithic production and specialization. polities ~ 1500 BCE, and the related
129 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
BOTTLED SCRAPERS, STONE SCRAPERS: ANALYSIS FROM 38 SITES FROM SW PATAGONIA. María José SALETTA1and Mariana SACCHI2
1CONICET-AIA-UNLaM, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET-INAPL-UBA-Museo Regional Necochea, Argentina. [email protected]
This work discusses the The establishment of cities (Punta distribution and frequency of glass Arenas -1848-, Piedrabuena -1859- ) and lithic scrapers ‘assemblages from and “estancias” (1880) increased glass 38 sites from SW Patagonia (South availability but only in the proximity of the Deseado River) published by of these places. Thus, while lithic several authors. Available since 1520, scrapers have a uniform distribution glass became a desirable raw material and a lower frequencies (15 sites, for scrapers manufacture -especially N=113, max=36); glass scrapers are in the eighteenth and nineteenth grouped near cities or “estancias” centuries- because of its knapping (11 sites, N=688, min=198). It´s qualities and original format concluded that, when available, glass (bottles). However, between XVI and was more frequently selected than early XIX centuries, its availability lithic raw material. This frequency was circumscribed to: might be related to the Aonikenk - Shipwrecks on the coast “quillanguería” (hide working) from - Trade with merchants late XIX century, as it is postulated by - Contact with cities (Pacific other authors. and Atlantic Coasts)
130 Book of Abstracts Session 6
HIDE CLOAKS AND GLASS SCRAPERS IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA DURING THE XXTH CENTURY. Amalia Nuevo DELAUNAY1 and César MÉNDEZ2
1Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Chile. [email protected] 2Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Chile. [email protected]
At the time Europeans arrived replaced by glass (and sometimes in southern continental Patagonia stoneware) scrapers. Hide is not during the sixteenth century, one usually recovered at archaeological of the traditional activities of sites, thus impeding the comparison Aonikenk groups that inhabited between tools and their products. the region was hide processing, In this presentation, we analyze a using primarily lithic scrapers. set of XXth century quillangos and Main byproducts were quillangos compare its characteristics with data (cloaks) and toldos (tents), worn by from an assemblage of glass scrapers. indigenous groups on an everyday Finally, we discuss archaeological, basis. After European colonisation of ethnographic and historical the area, lithic scrapers were mostly implications of this approach.
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ARE THERE ANY VARIABILITY PATTERNS AMONG GLASS AND STONEWARE SCRAPERS’ ASSEMBLAGES FROM XIX AND XXTH CENTURY IN CONTINENTAL SOUTHERN PATAGONIA? Juan Bautista BELARDI1, Amalia NUEVO DELAUNAY2, Flavia CARBALLO MARINA3 and José Luis SÁENZ4
1Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Unidad Académica Río Gallegos, ICASUR, Santa Cruz, Argentina & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina. [email protected] 2Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Chile. [email protected] 3Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Unidad Académica Río Gallegos, ICASUR, Argentina. [email protected] 4Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Unidad Académica Río Gallegos, ICASUR, Argentina [email protected]
Since the arrival of Europeans that this tool class has been registered (XVIth Century) and their related in several sites throughout Patagonia, economic activities in Patagonia, we analyze and compare different the different indigenous societies scraper assemblages from XIXth that inhabited the region modified to XXth century sites in Southern several aspects of their lifeways. The continental Patagonia, focusing on incorporation of new raw materials, tecno-morphological characteristics such as glass and stoneware, to to evaluate variability patterns. produce traditional instruments like Finally, we discuss results considering scrapers, was one of many modified archaeological, ethnographic and aspects that have been recorded. Given historical information.
132 SESSION 7
Geometric Morphometrics and the Study of Lithic Artifacts: Towards an Integration with Other Approaches
Organizers: Mercedes OKUMURA1, Astolfo ARAUJO2 and Michael J. SHOTT3
1PPGArq, Depto. de Antropologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [email protected] 2Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. [email protected] 3Dept. of Anthropology & Classical Studies, University of Akron, Akron, United States of America. [email protected]
Traditionally, there are several approaches to the study of prehistoric lithic industries, including technological analysis, raw material source, experimentation, traceology, taphonomic studies, measurement and typology, among others. The latter two long were the main ways of analysing form (size and shape) of artifacts in studies of lithic industries. The past decade has seen a sharp increase in a new approach to the study of form in archaeology: geometric morphometrics (GM). This approach allows the study of continuous variation in form and has been successfully applied to prehistoric stone tools (usually bifacial points or other formal artifacts), making form a valuable source of information which can be considered relevant to understand the dynamics of human groups in the past. The shape coordinates generated by geometric morphometrics can be further explored using multivariate statistics and can reveal spatial and/or temporal patterns of distribution of prehistoric artifacts. In this sense, results obtained by geometric morphometrics analysis can be compared to, complemented by, or even contrasted with results obtained from other approaches, including technology. GM can revolutionize the analysis of production sequences, defining tool types and transitions between successive ones, patterns and degrees of tool resharpening and other areas of lithic studies. The goal of this symposium is to promote interaction among researchers 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials who have applied geometric as a useful tool to investigate lithic morphometrics to lithic industries all artifacts, as well as to discuss the over the world, as well as to increase current limitations and future awareness of the potential of such developments of the use of geometric approach in archaeology. We aim to morphometrics in the study of lithic present geometric morphometrics industries.
134 Book of Abstracts Session 7
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
DISCERNING PREHISTORIC SOCIAL LEARNING GROUPS USING LANDMARK-BASED GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS David K. THULMAN1
1Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. and Archaeological Research Cooperative, United States of America. [email protected]
Landmark-based geometric One side-notch and one corner-notch morphometrics was used to variety were made at the same time in discriminate subtle but statistically the area. The shape and distribution significant differences in basal shapes differences are not easily explained by of Early Holocene notched points variation in raw material or function. from north Florida, USA. Four Using a model of social learning, I varieties in total were identified: show how such a distribution could two corner-notched and two side- arise over time through community notched varieties. The corner- based learning. It appears that 11,000 notched varieties were concentrated years ago the Suwannee River was a to the west of the Suwannee River and porous cultural boundary between the side-notched varieties to the east. two social learning groups.
135 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
ASSESSING SHAPE VARIATION OF HOLOCENE UNIFACIAL ARTIFACTS (“LESMAS”, “ LIMACES”) FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL USING A GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC APPROACH Līga ZARIŅA1, Otis CRANDELL2, Mercedes OKUMURA3 and Igor CHMYZ4
1Latvijas Universitāte, Riga, Latvia. [email protected] 2Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. [email protected] 3Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [email protected] 4Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. [email protected]
So far, most of the prehistoric the Holocene unifacial artefacts formalised unifacial artefacts (also associated with the Itaparica tradition known as “lesmas” in Portuguese in southern Brazil (Paraná state). and “limaces” in French) found at In other words, the objective is to archaeological sites from Northern, determine whether shape can be Central, South-eastern, and Southern a good descriptor of the regional Brazil have been lumped together diversity observed in these unifacial under the name Itaparica tradition. artefacts. We have analysed 205 such Recent attempts to characterise artefacts from throughout Paraná the diversity of such unifacial state, recording information on raw artefacts have been made using a material, the curvature of the sides, the technological approach, resulting ratios of length, width and thickness, in a certain level of disagreement and the degree of flake removal along among researchers about the possible the edges. Besides assessing shape diversity observed in these artefacts. information, further studies can also Through the application of geometric help identify function, as well explore morphometric methods, we aim the life history of these unifacial to test the hypothesis that there artefacts. are important differences among
136 Book of Abstracts Session 7
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF STEMMED STONE TIPS FROM PATAGONIA. METRIC CHANGE AND MORPHOSPACE EVOLUTION Marcelo CARDILLO1 and Judith CHARLIN2
1Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas, CONICET, (IMHICIHU- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyL-UBA), Argentina. [email protected] 2Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas, CONICET, (IMHICIHU- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyL-UBA), Argentina. [email protected]
A previous work was focused in the units and perform the phylogenetic study of Patagonian projectile points analysis using the earliest tip known shape variation from a phylogenetic to the region (Fishtail point) as an perspective, using geomentric ancestor. The results were used to morphometric methods in order to evaluate the robustness of the cladistic obtain classes built on mean shapes hypothesis about the existence of (consensus shapes) of stemmed a phylogenetic signal in projectile points sampled by latitudinal fringes. point design. Using geometric The results suggested a pattern of morphometrics, the fit between the general morphological diversification diversification pattern and the shape related, at least in part, to the spatial space generated by the generalized distance between cases. In order to Procrustes method on the projectile study the metric and morphological tips was evaluated afterward. The diversification in a more detailed results obtained serve to discuss the level, a set of classes of projectile tempo and mode of evolution of the points from the north and south of different classes, as well as the role Patagonia were selected. Both metric of morphology and life history in and discrete characters were used the phenomena of projectile point to describe the different taxonomic convergence or divergence over time.
137 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
THE COMBINED USE OF GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS AND TECHNOLOGY TO ACCESS DIVERSITY IN PROJECTILE POINT ASSEMBLAGES FROM SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL Mercedes OKUMURA1, Bruce BRADLEY2 and Astolfo ARAUJO3
1PPGArq, Depto. de Antropologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [email protected] 2Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter. B., United Kingdom. [email protected] 3Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. [email protected]
Despite the wide use of We analysed 49 points from Gruta technological analysis and, more do Marinheiro site (Early Holocene, recently, geometric morphometrics Minas Gerais state) and 77 points (GM) to understand lithic industries, from Alice Boer site (Middle the combined use of these two Holocene, São Paulo state). Our methods is still rare. We propose results show remarkable differences the combination of technology and in the morphology and technology GM as essential and complementary between the two sites, indicating methods for better understanding of the presence of cultural boundaries. the diversity of lithic bifacial points. The correlation between shape Our research aims to investigate if and technological features resulted there are important differences in in a good tool to integrate both the morphology and technology of approaches. There is also greater bifacial points associated with the variation in the Umbu Tradition, both Umbu Tradition (Early and Middle in chronological and spatial terms, Holocene) in southeastern Brazil. than is currently accepted.
138 Book of Abstracts Session 7
GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRY AND REJUVENATION: INTEGRATING DATA TO ADVANCE IN THE FISHTAIL POINT VARIBILITY OF URUGUAY Rafael SUAREZ1 and Marcelo CARDILLO2
1Depto. Arqueología. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. [email protected] 2Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas, CONICET, (IMHICIHU- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyL-UBA), Argentina. [email protected]
Uruguay plains are characterized between the aligned Procrustes by a high density of Fishtail points coordinates and the RI, the first on in a relatively bounded region. In the complete morphology and the previous works independent progress second one taking only into account was made in different topics related the shape of the blade, which is most to the rejuvenation and geometric affected by the maintenance process. morphometrics of these artifacts. Both results were compared to each Now, in order to explore the other, as well as their relationship relationships between morphological with those previously obtained by change and life history of this design, other researchers. We also discuss a geometric morphometric analysis the importance of RI to describe was performed, so we can define shape change and its potential use as the general trends of morphological a covariate to generate quantitative variation. At the same time, the morphological models in Fishtail Reduction Index (RI) was estimated, projectile points, in which metric and which is the ratio between the shape variation resulting from the life shoulder angle and the blade length. history is taken into account. Then, two linear models were fitted
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SESSION 8
Chert Sourcing and Provenance Studies: Theory, Methods, and Applications
Organizers: Ryan M. PARISH1, Charles A. SPEER2 and Gustavo BARRIENTOS3
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Memphis, United States of America. [email protected] 2Department of Anthropology, Idaho State University, United States of America. [email protected] 3CONICET, División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (CONICET-UNLP), Argentina. [email protected]
The study of raw material tool-stone source is crucial in understanding the prehistoric acquisition, movement, consumption, and eventual discard of stone resources. Source studies of obsidian have and continue to demonstrate the powerful application of source data in understanding human behavior. Recently, analytical source studies upon chert are quantifying the extreme variation in chert and characterizing this variation at meaningful spatial scales. The papers presented here represent a broad and variable range of studies geared to determining chert and other cryptocrystalline sedimentary rocks’ (flint, chalcedony, jasper, agate, silicified dolomites and limestones) material source as a proxy for understanding technological organization, interaction, resource selection, consumption, and movement. Continued investment in sourcing studies and the provenance data they produce will remain a benefit to explanatory models. 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
FROM PROVENANCE TO PROVENIENCE: GEOCHEMICAL SOURCING OF COASTAL PLAINS CHERTS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES Adam M. BURKE1
1Department of Anthropology at Texas A&M University, Center for the Study of the First Americans, United States of America. [email protected]
Cherts found on the Coastal Plains Particular attention was given to of the Southeastern United States the construction of comprehensive have traditionally been difficult to methodologies for both geologic geochemically characterize, and sample collection and geochemical surficial chemical weathering of analyses of archaeological artifacts. archaeological artifacts further Additionally, the potential inhibits the application of chemical geochemical impacts of surficial characterization techniques. This weathering are discussed in relation paper presents preliminary results to chert characterization studies. from a pilot study using Neutron Preliminary results indicate the NAA Activation Analysis (NAA) and and LA-ICP-MS may yield new insight Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled into Florida chert provenance studies Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA- provided that the surficial weathering ICP-MS) to explore the variability of of cherts is considered and accounted Coastal Plains cherts from Florida. for during geochemical analyses.
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THE PROMISE AND CHALLENGE OF SOURCING CHERT ARTIFACTS IN THE NORTH AMERICAN GREAT BASIN Khori NEWLANDER1
1Department of Anthropology & Sociology, Kutztown University, United States of America. [email protected]
Sourcing studies in the North necessary to characterize chert American Great Basin, as in many sources and source chert artifacts in other regions of the world, have tended the region. Here, I describe some of to focus on volcanic toolstone to the these efforts, noting (a) the promise exclusion of other commonly used of chert sourcing to enrich our toolstone, such as chert. As a result, understanding of regional prehistory; our knowledge of the distribution and (b) the analytical challenges that and variability of chert sources in the still remain before us. Significantly, Great Basin remains poor. Given the the lessons my colleagues and I are predominance of chert artifacts in learning as we build an analytical many lithic assemblages in the region, toolkit that allows us to document this deficit is significant. Fortunately, the procurement and conveyance of archaeologists have begun to address chert in the region are applicable well this deficit, developing the sampling beyond the Great Basin. strategies and analytical methods
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ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CHERT FOR UNDERSTANDING FORMATION PROCESSES USING INAA Charles A. SPEER1
1Department of Anthropology, Idaho Museum of Natural History, Idaho State University, United States of America. [email protected]
The purpose of this research is one of the most precise methods of to determine the level of elemental measuring trace elements in chert. variation that occurs in a single The results of this analysis will be nodule of Edwards Plateau chert. The presented and discussed in terms elemental variation will be examined of the geologic formation history from the outer cortex to the interior of this chert nodule and what the in a cross section of the chert. For this variation within this chert nodule analysis 19 – 1 cm3 cubes of chert could potentially mean for our were sawn from a 1 cm thick slab of understanding and ability to source chert. Each of these 1 cm3 cubes was chert in archaeological contexts. submitted for INAA analysis as it is
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SOURCING PREHISTORIC CHERT BURIAL GOODS AS INDICATORS FOR COMMUNITY STRUCTURE DURING THE MIDDLE WOODLAND PERIOD Ryan M. PARISH1
1University of Memphis, United States of America. [email protected]
The cultural groups in North spectroscopy is used as a non- America during the Middle destructive provenance technique to Woodland Period (200 BC – AD 350) determine the source of a sample of are recognized by elaborate earthen mortuary chert discs from the Crib mounds, extensive trade networks, Mound site. Source data and metric and skillfully manufactured goods. analysis indicate that materials were Despite extensive excavations and acquired and possible manufactured subsequent research since the 18th by a single community exploiting a Century, much is still to be discovered single source. The finding suggests about these cultures. The analysis of that the large chert disc deposit in the chert discs found as large mortuary mound was an accumulation of biface deposits in multiple burial mounds blanks from a small geographic region can give researchers clues to the socio- and can be viewed as maintaining political structure and participation longer distance social relationships of communities in the construction with a particular group. of burial monuments. Reflectance
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LITHIC PROCUREMENT AT THE ATACAMA DESERT. LINKING SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING AND GROUND-TRUTH DATA FOR TRACING SILICEOUS ROCKS SOURCE AREAS IN TALTAL, NORTHERN CHILE César BORIE1, Ximena POWER2, Sonia PARRA3, Patricio GALARCE4, Diego SALAZAR5, Carola FLORES6, Laura OLGUÍN7 and Pedro ANDRADE8
1Programa de Doctorado en Antropología UCN-UTA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile. [email protected]. 2Programa de Doctorado en Antropología UCN-UTA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile. [email protected] 3Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Chile. [email protected] 4Programa de Doctorado en Antropología UCN-UTA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile. [email protected] 5Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Chile [email protected] 6Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Chile. [email protected] 7Programa de Doctorado en Antropología UCN-UTA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile. [email protected] 8Carrera de Antropología, Universidad de Concepción, Chile. [email protected]
Diverse studies demostrate that archaeologists due to the challenges coastal hunther-gatherers of the imposed by the size of the territory, southern Atacama desert relied on the lack of detailed geological data siliceous rocks as tool-stone for more and the high variability of lithic source than 10.000 years. However, very little areas. Such problems have hindered is known about the specific location solid correlations between raw of the siliceous rocks’ sources and material sources and the abundant the procurment strategies deployed and highly diverse siliceous artifacts to obtain them from the core of the documented in the coastal lithic Atacama desert. In fact, this vast assemblages. hinterland dominated by rocks, In order to approach the minerals and the absolute desert has reconstruction of the local lithic not been sistematicaly studied by landscape and to develop a tracking
146 Book of Abstracts Session 8 and sourcing methodology replicable Preliminary results show a in other contexts, in this paper we significant correspondence between present a strategy for mapping siliceous the geological formations highlighted rocks’ source areas and sourcing as potencial siliceous rocks carriers by coastal lithic artifacts. This method Landsat 8 digital interpretation and involves satellite remote sensing and the archaeological georeferenced data ground-truthing through visible/near- available. infrared reflectance spectroscopy.
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A COMBINED APPROACH TO SILICEOUS ROCKS SOURCE IDENTIFICATION BASED ON SPATIAL MODELS OF ARTIFACT DISTRIBUTIONS AND PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS: EXAMPLES FROM EAST-CENTRAL ARGENTINA Luciana CATELLA1, Gustavo BARRIENTOS2, Fernando OLIVA3, Norberto URIZ4 and Gabriela COELHO DOS SANTOS5
1División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. CEAR, Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (CONICET-UNLP), Argentina. CEAR, Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina. [email protected] 3CEAR, Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina. [email protected] 4División Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] 5LEMIT, Laboratorio de Entrenamiento Multidisciplinario para la Investigación Tecnológica – CIC / Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. [email protected]
In east-central Argentina (35.5°- or cryptocrystalline siliceous rocks 41.5° S; 56.5°-67.5° W), there were is not well described at the regional two main kinds of raw materials used level, which is further complicated by prehistoric hunter-gatherers for by some terminological discrepancies tool-making: quartzites and a variety between and among geological of siliceous rocks, particularly cherts, and archaeological sources. In this chalcedony, silicified dolomites context, the aim of this contribution and limestones. Whereas quartzite is to present and discuss an approach sources are known, at least in a to sourcing siliceous rocks based general sense, the sources of siliceous on the combined use of continuous rocks—with few exceptions—remain spatial models (interpolated maps mostly unidentified. One major of relative frequencies) built on reason for this is that the spectrum artifact data from georeferenced of variation of microcrystalline and/ lithic assemblages and petrographic
148 Book of Abstracts Session 8 analysis of archaeological and cases from the southeast portion of geological samples. The approach will the study area. be illustrated with a select number of
149 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
NEW DATA ABOUT THE RAW MATERIAL PROCUREMENT AND THE TERRITORIAL MOBILITY IN EASTERN MOROCCO DURING THE PLEISTOCENE: THE AÏN BÉNI MATHAR-GUEFAÏT REGION María Gema CHACÓN1, María SOTO2, Hassan AOURAGHE3, Said BENGARMRA4, Kamal EL HAMMOUTI5, Hamid HADDOUMI6, Robert SALA7, Mohamed SOUHIR8 and Andoni TARRIÑO9
1IPHES. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Spain. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Spain. UMR7194 – HNHP (CNRS – MNHN –UPVD – Sorbonne Universités) – Musée de l’Homme, France. [email protected] 2IPHES. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Spain. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Spain. [email protected] 3Faculté de Sciences, Département de Géologie (FSO), Université Mohamed Premier, Morocco. [email protected] 4Faculté de Sciences, Département de Géologie (FSO), Université Mohamed Premier, Morocco. ENSAH (École nationale des sciences appliquées) d’Al Hoceima, Ctre Ait Youssef Ou Ali, Morocco. [email protected] 5Faculté de Sciences, Département de Géologie (FSO), Université Mohamed Premier, Morocco. [email protected] 6Faculté de Sciences, Département de Géologie (FSO), Université Mohamed Premier, Morocco. [email protected] 7IPHES. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Spain. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Spain. [email protected] 8Faculté de Sciences, Département de Géologie (FSO), Université Mohamed Premier, Morocco. [email protected] 9Centro Nacional de Investigación Sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Spain. [email protected]
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The eastern Morocco is very rich through prospecting and intensive in prehistoric archaeological sites. A surveys programme realized Spanish-Moroccan bilateral research during the last three years. This project in the Aïn Béni-Mathar/ programme has allowed localising Guefaït region that began in 2006 several raw materials outcrops and the systematic surveys conducted including: 1) Palaeozoic rhyolites, there made possible to increase the basalts, sandstones and hematites; number of known sites. The lithic 2) Grey cherts enclosed in remains are the main archaeological Triassic stromatolytic limestones; assemblages and allow us to prove 3) Hydrothermal silicifications the ancient human occupation of including black cherts, jaspes and the region from Lower to Upper agathes in Triassic altered dolerites; Pleistocene. and 4) Nodular and meganodular The Mode 1 (Oldowan) was chalcedony included in Tertiary identified at the Aïn Tabouda and secondary gypsums and lacustrine Garat Soultana lithic assemblages. limestones. The conglomerates levels of Oued This high variability of raw Rabt present a very clear Mode materials constitutes the georeferred 2 (Acheulean) with standardized lithic reference collection of the lithics tool such as bifaces. The open- Aïn Béni Mathar-Guefaït Region. It air sites of Swiwina, Sahb el Gahr comparison with the archaeological and Oued Charef contains lithics assemblages and the technological belonging to the Mode 2 and Mode studies performed provides new 3 (Mousterian). The Guefaït area important information about the provides also a high number of open diachronic procurement strategies air sites with archaeological remains and the human territorial mobility associated to the Mousterian, Aterian dynamics during Pleistocene in the and Iberomaurisian. eastern Morocco In this contribution, we presents the preliminary results obtained
151 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
THE PANADELLA CHERT FROM THE MONTMANEU FORMATION: A HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL FOR THE MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC. THE CASE OF THE ABRIC ROMANÍ SITE Bruno GÓMEZ DE SOLER1, María SOTO2, Josep VALLVERDÚ3, Amèlia BARGALLÓ4, María Gema CHACÓN5, Francesca ROMAGNOLI6 and Manuel VAQUERO7
1IPHES. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Spain. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Spain. [email protected] 2IPHES. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Spain. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Spain. [email protected] 3IPHES. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Spain. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Spain. [email protected] 4Institute of Archaeology, University College of London, United Kingdom. [email protected] 5IPHES. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Spain. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Spain. UMR7194 – HNHP (CNRS – MNHN –UPVD – Sorbonne Universités) – Musée de l’Homme, France. [email protected] 6IPHES. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Spain. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Spain. Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Storia, Archeologia, Geografia, Arte e Spettacolo-Cattedra di Paletnologia (Prehistory), Italy. [email protected] 7Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Spain. IPHES. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Spain. [email protected]
The Montmaneu formation is stratified limestones with bedded- located in the NE margin of the Ebro nodular chert associated to La Segarra basin (Catalonia, Spain), and dated lacustrine System. on Rupelian age (Lower Oligocene). This chert is macroscopically It is formed by 120 m of light gray characterized by homogeneous
152 Book of Abstracts Session 8 opaque greenish black colours, 12% of the chert types documented). with very fine grained and bioclasts Although some interesting inter- generating mudstone-wackestone layer differences have been observed. textures. Thin sections show a micro- Concerning the relationship between cryptocrystalline quartz matrix with the use of this chert type and the micritic calcite, abundant charophytes technological variability, two different and scattered detrital quartz. These scales should be distinguished. At features confers excellent qualities for the intra-assemblage level, there are knapping, attesting their suitability no differences between the used for manufacturing stone-tools in lithotypes. In each layer the Panadella the Abric Romaní (Capellades, chert has been used with the same Barcelona). technical procedures that have been The Abric Romaní has approxi- applied on the other resources. mately a 50 m succession covering However, some differences appear from 110 to 40 ka BP. The at the inter-assemblage level. The archaeological assemblages recovered use of the Panadella chert tends to in several layers (J, L, M and Oa), from increase in those layers where more 50 to 55 ka BP, present this lithotype complex reduction methods based on as lithic support. Panadella chert is predetermination (e.g. Levallois) are few exploited in most of the layers (2- dominant.
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RED FLINT EXPLOITATION IN THE OSO MARINO BAY (ARGENTINE PATAGONIA): THE CASE OF THE PUNTA NORTE SOURCE Pablo AMBRÚSTOLO1 and Miguel Ángel ZUBIMENDI2
1CONICET, División Arqueología, Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata (CONICET-UNLP), Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, División Arqueología, Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata (CONICET-UNLP), Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Argentina. [email protected]
We present evidence related to the the flint procurement zone allows procurement process of red flint in the us to reconstruct the trajectory of context of the prehistoric exploitation the rock in small scale. The different of a primary source called Punta contexts studied support the idea of Norte (PN), located near to the Oso direct procurement. The decrease Marino Bay, on the Atlantic coast of of the abundance of the red flint in the Santa Cruz province, Argentine function of the distance to the source Patagonia. The strategies followed could be considered a proof of this. in the use of this raw material are The identification of some evidences discussed in function of some of in vicinity of the source suggests that the characteristics of PN in terms the human groups that occupied the of accessibility, exploitation and the Oso Marino bay during the middle features of the lithic assemblages and late Holocene carried out varied recorded in archaeological contexts practices and social expressions identified at variable distances from within the framework of lithic the PN source. The fact of knowing procurement.
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EXPLOITATION OF FLINT AND CHALCEDONY IN LA MARÍA, PATAGONIA ARGENTINA. AN EVALUATION THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF THE CAÑADÓN NEGRO QUARRY Manuel CUETO1, Fabiana SKARBUN2 and Ariel D. FRANK3
1CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (CONICET-UNLP), Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (CONICET-UNLP), Argentina. [email protected] 3CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (CONICET-UNLP), Argentina. [email protected]
In this presentation we analyze unsystematic survey was performed: the Cañadón Negro Quarry, a flint observations about the kind of raw and chalcedony source located at La material were recorded and evidences María (Santa Cruz, Argentina). This of exploitation were identified. quarry is set in a landscape which Furthermore, the visibility of the is organized next to a lagoon and quarry and its accessibility from which can be delimited by a basaltic different points of the landscape plateau on the north, east and south. was evaluated. Next, transects were Around this waterbody two ravines performed in order to define the arise; they have rock shelters with extension of the source and to evaluate rock art. Streams and springs also the archaeological density and the can be found near it. Several sources characteristics and distribution of knappable raw materials and of the remains. Finally, an in situ pigments are found in this landscape technomorphological classification as well as concentrations of surface was fulfilled with the aim of analyzing archaeological remains; one of them tasks related to the productive process is site Cañadón Negro, which is 200 and the knapping qualities of the raw meters away from the quarry. materials found at the quarry. In the quarry three levels of resolution were applied. First, an
155 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
POSTERS
CHERT’S SOURCE IN LAS TRAVESÍAS FROM THE CENTER OF ARGENTINA. A CASE STUDY IN THE ARID ZONE Guillermo HEIDER1, Alberto BASAEZ2, Ariel ORTIZ SUAREZ3, Jorge O. CHIESA4, Ernesto PERINO5, Raúl GIL6, Cristian BAZÁN7 and Iván A. DÍAS8
1CONICET, Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (CONICET- UNSL), Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (CONICET- UNSL), Argentina. [email protected] 3Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina. [email protected] 4Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina. [email protected] 5Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL), Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina. [email protected] 6Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL), Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina. [email protected] 7CONICET, Instituto de Química de San Luis, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (CONICET-INQUISAL), Argentina. [email protected] 8Museo Etnográfico J. B. Ambrosetti, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]
Cryptocrystalline sedimentary rocks sites. Accordingly, the study of have been recovered in a large number archaeological quarrieshas been of archaeological sites from central relegated. Las Travesías is a semi-arid Argentina (Pampas, Central-West, zone where the water and the lithic and Central Mountains archeological sources are critical in the decisions regions). Most of the analyses on taken by the hunter-gatherers. In this this rock were focused on techno- opportunity we present the detection typological studies of the artifacts and survey of two chert quarries - and wastes recovered from residential “Loma de Los Pedernales” and “Alto
156 Book of Abstracts Session 8 del Lechuzo”- that are situated on the km2. We present the results obtained edges of the archaeological regions on the characterization of the rocks of the Pampas and the Central-West. in both quarries characteristics These sources are located in the (abundance, visibility, distribution, province of San Luis and are 200 among others). Finally, we discuss km separated from each other. So some distributional trends on these far, the provenance of artifacts from resources in the landscape, as well as both quarries has been verified in the potential presence of similar lithic different sites that are distributed on supplies. a total surface of more than 40,000
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EXPLORING THE DISTRIBUTION OF LITHIC RAW MATERIALS IN NORTHEAST OF SANTA CRUZ, ARGENTINE PATAGONIA Miguel Ángel ZUBIMENDI1, Pablo AMBRÚSTOLO2, Sebastián MATERA3and Lisandro G. LÓPEZ4
1CONICET, División Arqueología, Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata (CONICET-UNLP), Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, División Arqueología, Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata (CONICET-UNLP), Argentina. [email protected] 3Instituto de Arqueología, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 4Centro de Arqueología Urbana, Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]
Archaeological studies in the the superficial archaeological record. northeast of Santa Cruz (Patagonia, In this sense, we have verified that Argentina) have been scarce and two types of raw material, volcanic unsystematic, especially in inland acid rocks and translucent white territories, in part because of chalcedony, represents together the intensive development of oil more of 75% of the lithic artefacts extraction activity. Most of the registered in the northeast of information was generated in the Santa Cruz. In this poster, through last years, but it has been presented distributional analysis and GIS tools only in reports of technical studies we explore different ways to advance of environmental impact. Recently in the characterization of the sources we have begun to systematize and of these specific raw materials, as well organize the existing information in as, as far as possible, the strategies of this type of sources, which allowed use, circulation and discard of these us to generate a spatial database of raw materials.
158 SESSION 9
“Other Than Glassy Stones”: the Selection of Biotic and Abiotic Raw Materials in Hunter- Gatherers
Organizers: Francesca ROMAGNOLI1, Vivian SCHEINSOHN2 and Javier BAENA3
1Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, España. [email protected] 2Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 3Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España. [email protected]
Ethnographic and archaeological evidences showed that hunter-gatherers adaptive capacity was expressed, among other things, by strategy of raw material selection and diversification. The variability of lithic raw materials used included resources such as limestone, quartz, schist, and other highly inhomogeneous and less isotropic stone resources. Furthermore, hunter- gatherers used organic raw materials such as shells, ivory, and bones among others. The study of raw material selection was in many occasions biased by “high-quality” lithic materials such as, for example, obsidian and fine-grained chert. Nevertheless, the concept of what should be considered as “high- quality” could be questioned and investigated taking into account functional, economic, and social parameters of technical behaviour. In this session we intend to highlight the techno-economic behaviour related to those apparently less valuable raw materials, including both biotic and abiotic. Particular attention will be devoted to the meaning of these evidences to understand human-environment interaction, cost-benefits strategies, mobility, and technological concepts. Ethnographic, archaeological, and experimental data are all welcome. 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
THE USE OF QUARTZITE IN SITES OF ROCK ART IN BARRANCAS (PROVINCE OF JUJUY, ARGENTINA) Patricio KOHAN1
1Instituto de Arqueología (UBA, FFyL), Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]
In this paper we evaluate whether evaluate theoretically at first, and the abundance of lithic artifacts later, through experimentation, manufactured in quartzite associated their functionality. Moreover, the with rock art engraving sites geological information of the area, as found in the locality of Barrancas well as the preliminary results on the corresponds solely to the wide regional lithic structure are used to availability of this raw material in the discuss the raw material availability area, or, on the contrary, provided and assess the physical properties of any technological or functional the quartzite. This will allow us to advantage. The identification of infer the functional, technical and artifactual categories is implemented technological advantages that the on the artifacts following a quartzite possesses for the elaboration functional-theoretical perspective, of rock engravings which, at the same developing diacritical schemes in time, determines part of the process order to identify the Technological- of selection and provisioning of the Functional Units (UTF) and to sites.
160 Book of Abstracts Session 9
VARIABILITY OF LIMESTONE KNAPPING METHODS IN THE MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC LEVELS M AND O OF THE ABRIC ROMANI (CAPELLADES, BARCELONA) Aleix EIXEA1, Amèlia BARGALLÓ2, Bruno GÓMEZ DE SOLER3, Francesca ROMAGNOLI4, Manuel VAQUERO5 and María Gema CHACÓN6
1Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), PREMEDOC (GIUV2015-213), Tarragona, España. [email protected]. 2Institute of Archaeology, University College London, United Kingdom. [email protected] 3Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, España. [email protected] 4Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, España. [email protected] 5Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, España. [email protected] 6Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, España. UMR7194 – HNHP (CNRS – MNHN –UPVD – Sorbonne Universités), Paris & Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France. [email protected]
The variability of the Middle limestone pieces in two cases of study Paleolithic stone tool assemblages is that shows differences in technical one of the principal issues in the classic patterns. On one hand, in level M debate about Neanderthal capacities. bifacial discoid technology was the The use of limestone in knapping most commonly method used. And, methods is still poorly known due on the other hand, in level O Levallois to the traditional main focus on flint knapping strategies and denticulates and homogeneous raw materials that predominate. The results show a great allow to easily define technological diversity of raw materials used and strategies. Abric Romaní has yielded highlights the significant flexibility a good representation of this type that characterized Neanderthal of materials. In this work we present behaviour.
161 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
RAW MATERIAL CONSUMPTION STRATEGIES IN THE SOUTH- EASTERN COAST TIERRA DEL FUEGO (ARGENTINA).
Myrian ALVAREZ1, Nélida PAL2 and Ivan BRIZ GODINO3
1Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 2Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 3Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected]
Hunter-gatherer-fisher societies procurement cannot be separated who inhabited the south-eastern from the dynamic and the context of Atlantic coast of Tierra del Fuego use of ancient tools. exploited a wide range of local raw- The aim of this presentation is to materials that includes, among discuss raw materials procurement others, metaphorfic rocks, schists, and production strategies in volcanic glasses and bones that relation to tool usage. For that exhibit different physical properties purpose we studied ten assemblages and qualities. retrieved in Late Holocene The most common studies archaeological sites. We will focus about technological practices have on the economic practices that been focused on recognizing the involved “less valuable” lithic raw interaction and the constraints materials and bones to understand between raw material quality and tool technological organization as well design or manufacturing techniques. as human-environment interaction. However, tools were produced to Additionally, use-wear studies allow cope with different problems arisen us to assess the role of biotic resources in the historical trajectories of human in hunter-gatherer economy and to societies. Consequently, an accurate identify the taphonomic processes understanding of technological that impacted on lithic and bone diversity, raw material selection and artifacts.
162 Book of Abstracts Session 9
BONE AS RAW MATERIAL IN PATAGONIA Vivian SCHEINSOHN1
1Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina. [email protected]
Hunter-gatherers have made use of properties (Ferretti and Scheinsohn diverse raw materials to make tools. 1993) which make it suitable for Although the dominance of stone in the manufacture of certain tools the archaeological record (possibly that either requires a certain degree owing to preservation issues implied of deformation, an elongated for other raw materials) there is morphology or a differential evidence of the use of bone since very durability. In this work, I will present early times (Shipman 1989). During the main characteristics of bone Lower and Middle Palaeolithic times, material exploitation in Patagonia, hominins used bones either without a region in which bone technology any modification (taken advantage of appeared relatively early, and pretty its natural shape as they were found) much developed, in two different or worked by knapping, as if it were contexts: in the insular area (Pacific a stone raw material. During Upper channels and Tierra del Fuego), found Palaeolithic times, manufacture in association with maritime littoral techniques suited to its particularities adaptations (Orquera and Piana arose. 1999) and in continental Patagonia, Those particularities, related with found in association with terrestrial its organic nature, are determined by hunter-gatherers. its material, geometric and structural
163 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
ANTHROPOGENIC KNAPPED MEGAFAUNA BONES AND TEETH FROM PAMPEAN TERMINAL PLEISTOCENE. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLES Marcelo Javier TOLEDO1
1Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]
As a result of intentional bone and specific adaptations to the steppe- teeth knapping, flakes with sharp tundra biome of Siberia and Beringia edges were obtained, frequently and/or as a result of the remoteness at the same site where filleting of lithic raw material sources. or hunting activities took place, This technology disappeared with and have therefore been named the extinction of mega mammals “expediency tools”. A first example with thick, cortical-walled bones for the Pampean Pleistocene is a bone suitable for flaking. It should also core made from a Xenartra humerus be mentioned that megafauna teeth epiphysis presenting patterned could display green conchoidal negative flake scars all around the scars, in particular Toxodon teeth cortical walls, implying an intentional were suitable for knapping due to its cognitive process. Dynamic impact considerable size, shape and enamel fracture front propagation surfaces, thickness. Experiments with cow fracture front reflection and abortion, green bone knapping lead to similar evidenced by “secondary bulbs”, are fracture geometries and obtained diagnostic of dynamic charge impact flakes were effectively tested for on green bone. Bone technology has cutting fresh meat. been interpreted as an inheritance of
164 Book of Abstracts Session 9
TOOLS FROM THE SEA. THE USE OF MARINE SHELLS FOR BUTCHERY ACTIVITIES: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Francesca ROMAGNOLI1, Sandrine COSTAMAGNO2 and Emilie CAMPMAS3
1InstitutCatalà de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, España. [email protected] 2Laboratoire TRACES - UMR 5608, Université de Toulouse, France. [email protected] 3Laboratoire TRACES - UMR 5608, Université de Toulouse, France [email protected]
In the last years the attention on through comparisons with reference, Palaeolithic tools made of ‘secondary, experimental collections. In this work alternative’ raw materials increased. the authors present the results of the The improvement of microscopic experimental butchery using different and taphonomic analyses and marine shells, both retouched and changes in fieldwork procedures unretouched. The research is part of a have allowed to identify more and pilot project aimed at build a reference more often the use of shells as tools collection, and understand shell tools in the different continents during from a techno-functional perspective Prehistory. Available data suggest and from a zooarchaeological that the use of these objects by perspective to identify specific cut- Palaeolithic communities was often marks morphology. The authors expedient, characterised by the lack present data about cost-effectiveness of modification previous to use. The of shell artefacts, technical procedures use of shell valves without previous in the configuration of the functional modification implies that these edge, ergonomics, and preliminary objects could be identified as artefacts results of use-wear traces. only after microscopic analysis and
165 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
POSTERS
BONE TECHNOLOGY IN THE PAMPAS OF ARGENTINA: THE CASE OF LAGUNA DE LOS PAMPAS SITE (LINCOLN COUNTY, PROVINCE OF BUENOS AIRES) María C. ÁLVAREZ1 and Pablo G. MESSINEO2
1INCUAPA-CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Argentina. [email protected] 2INCUAPA-CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Argentina. [email protected]
Laguna de los Pampas is an are associated with a date of 7,024 archaeological locality situated in ± 45 years C14 AP, meaning that the West area of the Humid Pampas this technology was developed at (Buenos Aires province), in an least during the Middle Holocene. environment without local lithic Previous results indicate that tibia raw materials. At least two dense and metapodial were favored as cores concentrations of archaeological for the production of shaft splinters, remains in surface and one in- probably because of their straight stratigraphic position have been shape. However, new analyses allowed identified in Laguna de los Pampas. identifying technological evidences In this presentation we integrate the on radius-ulna and femur. Some of results of the animal bone remains them present sawing or grooving, but with technological evidences (N=47) most of these specimens have helical from the three sectors. Most of them fractures, indicating that the tools correspond to guanaco and a few were crafted on random fractured to Greater rhea or undetermined bones. In conclusion, different species. A bone debitage from surface techniques were used to obtain blanks was dated to 5,684 ± 61 years C14 BP according to the bone element type. and specimens from the excavation
166 Book of Abstracts Session 9
WHY NOT USE LIMESTONE? EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCY BETWEEN LITHIC RAW MATERIALS Javier BAENA PREYSLER1, Sara DÍAZ PÉREZ2, Francesca ROMAGNOLI3and Concepción TORRES NAVAS4
1Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España. [email protected] 2Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España. [email protected] 3InstitutCatalà de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, España. [email protected] 4Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España. [email protected]
Paleolithic human activities has that were able to be used, particularly been recorder mainly through the if the habitats were located in karstic lithic remains, and particularly in contexts. Through several mechanical different varieties of flint, quartzite experiments, in this contribution, we and quartz among other hard will try to analyze, the efficiency of lithologies. However, most of the the limestone in comparison with occupied landscapes provide a wide other lithic raw materials in order to quantity of other lithologies easily understand the potentiality of this available to those human groups. material and at the same time try to Among these categories, limestone is understand human decisions in the one of the most common raw materials past.
167 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
BONE AWLS AND BASKETRY: COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN ETHNOGRAPHY AND EXPERIMENTATION Anna FRANCH1, Vanesa PARMIGIANI2, María E. MANSUR3, Hernán DE ANGELIS4 and María C. ÁLVAREZ SONCINI5
1Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 2Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina . [email protected] 3Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 4Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 5Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected]
This work is focused on the study have been used as tools in basketry of bone tools potentially related to processes. basketry processes. Specifically, we This study uses a technofunctional will concentrate in characterization of approach which combines morpho- these processes in the hunter-gatherer logical and techno functional analysis groups of Tierra del Fuego. The of archaeological and ethnographic research is developed through various tools with an experimental research approaches like experimentation, program. It seeks to characterize the use-wear analysis and ethnography. production and use processes of tools Many ethnographers and travellers and baskets, to observe similarities and have described the hunter-gatherer differences between the experimental societies of Tierra del Fuego. and ethnographic elements and to These accounts provide detailed characterize microwear traces. In this information on some of the activities manner, the experimental program of the hunter-gatherer groups allows us to replicate the actions and (Selk’nam and Yámana), among verify the effectiveness of the awls in which is the basketry. As for bone basketry making, comparing to those awls, this tools are frequent in the used in traditional basketry practises archaeological contexts in this area. of hunter-gatherer societies of Tierra Reports indicate that they could del Fuego.
168 Book of Abstracts Session 9
BONE TECHNOLOGY AT CUEVA MARIPE SITE: A STEP TOWARDS THE STANDARDIZATION OF DESIGNS Laura MARCHIONNI1 and Laura L. MIOTTI2
1CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. [email protected]
While zooarcheological studies this technology was fully known in Argentina have always had a and used since the beginning of strong focus on human subsistence, the peopling of the Central Plateau those dealing with the use of bone in Santa Cruz province (ca. 12 ky as raw material for the manufacture BP), and the second suggested that of tools and ornaments have not in this sector during the middle been as widely developed (Borrero Holocene, bone use increased and and Borella 2010; Buc and Pérez standardized tools appeared (Miotti Jimeno 2010, Cornaglia and Buc and Marchionni 2013). In this work, 2013; Miotti 1998, Scheinsohn 1997, we propose to move forward in 2013, among others). However, the connection with the handling of bone zooarcheological research carried out as a raw material, placing the emphasis in different places of the Argentinian on the evaluation and definition of Patagonia has shown the importance the standardization indicators of of bone as raw material in the past formal and informal bone artifacts of the region (Buc and Cruz 2014; for human occupation after 7.7 ky BP Miotti 1998; Paunero and Ramos at Cueva Maripe site. The obtained 2010; Scheinsohn 1997, 2013, 2016). results will be discussed within the In a more recent work, we proposed regional archaeological context. two hypotheses: the first stated that
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TEETH AS RAW MATERIAL SOURCES. EXPERIMENTATION AND MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS Vanesa PARMIGIANI1, María C. ÁLVAREZ SONCINI2, Hernán DE ANGELIS3, Anna FRANCH4 and María E. MANSUR5
1Centro Austral de investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 2Centro Austral de investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 3Centro Austral de investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 4Centro Austral de investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] 5Centro Austral de investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego (UNTDF), Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected]
Capybara and beaver are the largest Teeth and bones are excellent raw rodents in the world. The capybara materials for tools manufacture. Their (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is particular morphology facilitates tool distributed in the tropical wetlands of preparation. They can even be used South America. It can measure more directly without prior modification. than 1 meter long and 60 cm high, In many cases, the use of the tooth and weigh about 60 kg. The beaver with the mandible as hafting has been is native to North America (Castor recorded. These characteristics and canadensis) and Eurasia (Castor the existing data about utilization fiber). It reaches up to 75 cm long and of teeth as tools led us to start an 30 cm high and can weigh up to 40 kg. experimental program. The aim Both species have large incisor teeth. of this analysis was to determine The ethnographic and archaeological the characteristics of teeth as raw records show us that these species materials for tools. In this paper we were not only consumed by their present the results of these studies and flesh or skin, but also to harness their the characteristics of technological teeth as tools. and functional traces recorded in microscopic analysis.
170 SESSION 10
Geochemical Methods Used to Characterize Lithic Artefacts and Sources: Research Potential and Limitations
Organizers: Marta SÁNCHEZ DE LA TORRE1, Adrian L. BURKE2 and François-Xavier LE BOURDONNEC3
1IRAMAT-CRP2A, CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Pessac, France [email protected] 2Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada [email protected] 3IRAMAT-CRP2A, CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Pessac, France [email protected]
Rocks were used since the beginning of human history and are also one of the best preserved materials in archaeological sites, especially those from Palaeolithic times. Their study is essential to knowing more about human behaviour and the relationships human groups had with their environment, in particular as concerns raw material procurement. Provenance studies have historically focused on the analysis of lithic artefacts and potential sources using visual and petrographic methods. Some decades ago, however, the development of geochemical methods to characterize lithic artefacts and potential sources began to be more established and studies using one or several of these methods have constantly increased since that time. This session will focus on any geochemical methods that may be used to characterize lithic artefacts as well as potential sources. We will focus our attention on the comparison of different geochemical methods with the aim of discussing their applicability, their potential as well as their limitations. Proposals concerning preferably more than one geochemical method applied to characterize any type of stone artefact (e.g., tools, beads, pigments) will be considered. 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
APPLYING ED-XRF, LA-ICP-MS AND PIXE ANALYSES TO CHARACTERIZE PYRENEAN CHERTS. POTENTIALS AND LIMITATIONS Marta SÁNCHEZ DE LA TORRE1, Francois-Xavier LE BOURDONNEC2, Stéphan DUBERNET3 and Bernard GRATUZE4
1IRAMAT-CRP2A (UMR 5060), Maison de l’Archéologie, Pessac Cedex. SERP. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [email protected] 2IRAMAT-CRP2A (UMR 5060), Maison de l’Archéologie, Pessac Cedex. [email protected] 3IRAMAT-CRP2A (UMR 5060), Maison de l’Archéologie, Pessac Cedex. [email protected] 4IRAMAT-CEB (UMR 5060),Orléans Cedex 2, France. [email protected]
An intense fieldwork focusing on existent similarity between several the definition and characterization formations. of chert sources outcropping in Thus, recovering the previous data the Pyrenees (SW Europe) was obtained after the textural, petro- recently done. This work was linked graphic and micropalaeontological to a PhD research concentrated in characterization of several Pyrenean determining Magdalenian human chert formations, we applied some mobility in the Pyrenees through geo-chemical methods. The aim was the analysis of chert tools. This study to observe the potential these meth- contemplated a textural, petrographic ods could have to characterize chert and micropalaeontological and, by this way, solving archaeolog- characterization of chert using ical questions. macroscopic and microscopic We would like to present in this methods. However, results communication the potentials and showed that these techniques had limitations of the application of en- some limitations regarding the ergy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), laser ablation-inductive-
172 Book of Abstracts Session 10 ly coupled plasma-mass spectrom- duced X-ray emission (PIXE) to etry (LA-ICP-MS) and particle-in- chert characterization.
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SOURCES OF RHYOLITE OBSIDIAN, VITREOUS DACITE AND APHANITIC ANDESITE AND BASALT ARTIFACTS IN PILAUCO, CENTRAL-SOUTH CHILE Charles R. STERN1, Ximena NAVARRO2 and Mario PINO3
1University of Colorado, Department of Geological Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America. [email protected] 2Universidad Católica de Temuco, Departamento de Antropología, Temuco, Chile. [email protected] 3Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Valdivia, Chile. [email protected]
Rhyolite obsidian artifacts occur, active Puyehue volcano in the high along with other lithic tools made Andes. However, Sr-isotopic data from volcanic rocks, including show that the full range of rock types aphanitic basalts, andesites and in the Pilauco lithic assemblage, from vitreous dacites, in level PB7, dated basalt to rhyolite, has very uniform as between 15,550 and 16,250 cal 87Sr/86Sr = 0.704089 to 0.704274, yrs BP, of the late Pleistocene Pilauco similar to a comparable range of rock site, central-southern Chile,. This types from the Puyehue volcano in is the site with the earliest known the high Andes, and distinct from the presence of obsidian artifacts in rocks of the mid-Tertiary volcanic Patagonia. Trace element analysis belt. This suggests that the source of of 50 archeological samples are the lithic materials used to make the compatible with derivation of the artifacts found in Pilauco could have artifacts from either the volcanic units been local, from within the volcanic of the mid-Tertiary coastal magmatic cobbles and pebbles found in the belt in Chile, or from cobbles and reworked moraine material of level pebbles transported by glacial and PB6 of the site. fluvial processes from the recently
174 Book of Abstracts Session 10
SOURCING OBSIDIAN FROM OVÇULAR TEPESI (NAKHCHIVAN, AZERBAIJAN): APPLICATION OF AN ANALYTICAL STRATEGY Marie ORANGE1, François-Xavier LE BOURDONNEC2, Catherine MARRO3, Rémi BERTHON4, Veli BAKHSHALIYEV5, Judith THOMALSKY6 and Renaud JOANNES-BOYAU7
1Université Bordeaux Montaigne, IRAMAT-CRP2A UMR 5060, France. Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Australia. [email protected] 2Université Bordeaux Montaigne, IRAMAT-CRP2A UMR 5060, France. [email protected] 3UMR 5133, Archéorient, Environnements et sociétés de l’Orient ancien, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée - Jean Pouilloux, France. [email protected] 4Archéozoologie, archéobotanique: sociétés, pratiques et environnements (UMR 7209) Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS CP56, France. [email protected] 5Department of Archaeology, National Academy of Science of Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, [email protected] 6German Archaeological Institute, Tehran Branch, Iran. [email protected] 7Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Australia. [email protected]
A new trend in obsidian and Early Bronze Age occupation provenance studies has recently been levels at the settlement of Ovçular focusing on the non-destructive and Tepesi (Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan) was exhaustive characterisation of the hence achieved using an analytical assemblages in order to grasp and strategy befitting the geometry, analyse the behaviours related to size, thickness, and surface state the consumption of this sometimes of the samples, by relying on two ‘precious’ material. Such an approach methods: portable XRF [pXRF] necessitates the design and adoption and Laser Ablation Inductively of an analytical strategy that depends Coupled Mass Spectrometry [LA- on the use of several geochemical ICP-MS]. While the pXRF was used characterisation techniques. The to analyse the samples presenting sourcing of the obsidian assemblage a flat surface, as well as a sufficient excavated from the Chalcolithic thickness and width, the LA-ICP-MS
175 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials allowed the characterisation of the further insight(s) on the exploitation smaller, thinner, or more irregularly- strategies of the Highlands and the shaped samples. The provenance communication/exchange networks results obtained on the obsidians from the 5th to the 3rd mill. BC in the from Ovçular Tepesi will provide South Caucasus.
176 Book of Abstracts Session 10
POSTERS
A CLASSIFICATION KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF LITHIC RAW MATERIALS IN NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA USING MULTIPLE CHARACTERIZATION METHODS Adrian L. BURKE1
1Département d’anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. [email protected]
Over the past ten years the (except obsidian!). We have used this Laboratoire de caractérisation approach to create a classification des matériaux archéologiques has key that allows us to narrow down developed a regional approach for the potential geological source of the characterization of lithic raw a lithic raw material. This key goes materials, both geological samples from least costly to more costly in and artifacts. Our approach is terms of time and instrumental costs, based on the geochemical and from non-destructive to completely petrographic characterization destructive, and from least accurate of these rocks accompanied by to most accurate in terms of the extensive comparative geological probability that a bedrock formation reference collections. The primary is the correct source of an artifact. geochemical method used is ED- While this approach is specific to XRF applied in a non-destructive the geology and the archaeological mode. This is supplemented, when cultures that we study in northeastern necessary, by INAA and SEM. The North America, it can provide a region studied is immense (ca. model for how to create an integrated 1,000,000 km2) and includes a very regional lithic sourcing project in any diverse bedrock geology with every region. possible lithic raw material imaginable
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TRACKING SOURCES: A CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION USING DRX AND FRX OF LITHIC ARTIFACTS FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND QUARTZ OUTCROPS (SIERRAS CENTRALES, CÓRDOBA, ARGENTINA) Roxana CATTÁNEO1, Gisela SARIO2, José María CAMINOA3, Gilda COLLO4, Marcelo RUBIO5, Alejandro GERMANIER6, Sonia FAUDONE7, Andrés IZETA8 and Marcos SALVATORE9
1Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected] 2Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected] 3Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected] 4Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected] 5Unidad Estudios Físicos. CEPROCOR. Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Gobierno de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected] 6Unidad Estudios Físicos. CEPROCOR. Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Gobierno de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected] 7Unidad Estudios Físicos. CEPROCOR. Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Gobierno de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected] 8Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected] 9Sección de Exploración, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (regional centro), Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected]
In the archaeology of the Sierras reported the presence of a lithic Centrales of Argentina more than technology centered on the use of one hundred years ago studies have quartz as a predominant raw material.
178 Book of Abstracts Session 10
However, little effort has been made BP–to more recent occupations–ca. to try to characterize its chemical 300 BP). composition so as to understand the The results of these provenance circuits of mobility or the exchange studies have allowed us to advance networks in the archaeological sites geochemical characterization of of the region. quartz sources and discuss an We report here a chemical appropriate set of chemical trace characterization of archaeological elements useful for comparison and geological samples using X-Ray between archaeological sites and fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. quarries. We found a variation in The detection of trace elements of 100 the use of sources depending on quartz outcrops and its comparison spatial relationship (site/quarry) with archaeological artifacts from 8 and chronology (use of sources in sites from the valleys of Ongamira and different periods) and also we need Copacabana (north of the province of further research in order to find Córdoba, Argentina) were performed new sources of rock whose chemical in this work. Samples belong to record showed is not present in the different chronological periods (from outcrops sampled. hunter-gatherer societies–ca. 6000
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SESSION 11
General Issues in Knappable Materials Studies
Organizers: Xavier MANGADO-LLACH1 and Nora V. FRANCO2
1Seminari d’Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques (SERP), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [email protected] 2IMHICIHU (CONICET) and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]
Knappable materials have been the focus of a wide range of approaches to address diverse specific topics such as style, function, and use of artifacts, distinguishing natural from anthropic patterns, managment and conservation of these kind of materials, among others. This session gathers worldwide researches that contribute to general archaeological issues by studying knappable materials from these different perspectives, most of them not already included in the others sessions. Approaches and methodologies about the construction and use of lithoteques, essential for researchers working in lithics, are also welcomed. In addition, participants of this session are encouraged to bring experiences on the management and preparation of artifacts for conducting different analyses and discuss current conservation and storage issues of different archaeological knappable materials, eventually providing input and/or guidelines for cultural resource management and conservation policies. 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
THE ELUSIVE CASE OF PAMPEAN BIFACES. TRADITIONAL AND FATTY ACIDS ANALYSES Nora FLEGENHEIMER1, Natalia MAZZIA2, Celeste WEITZEL3 and Mariano COLOMBO4
1CONICET – Área de Arqueología y Antropología, Municipalidad de Necochea, Necochea, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET – Área de Arqueología y Antropología, Municipalidad de Necochea, Necochea, Argentina. [email protected] 3CONICET – Área de Arqueología y Antropología, Municipalidad de Necochea, Necochea, Argentina. [email protected] 4Área de Museos, Municipalidad de Necochea, Necochea, Argentina. [email protected]
Unifacial tools traditionally We apply both traditional lithic characterize lithic assemblages in analysis to understand biface the Pampean region. Bifaces are technology and life history, and fatty considered exceptional, except in acids analyses to focus on their uses/ Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene functions. As expected, bifacesizes occupations, where they can be differ, with larger and heavier bifaces frequent. Yet, recent excavations in the quarries; but contrary to in an orthoquartzite quarry with expectations, both samples exhibit Middle and Late Holocene dates have evidenceof use on organic resources. produced an important number of Based on these analyses, the role of bifaces. these bifaces and practices related We here analyze two groups of to their disposal in relation to site bifaces: one from El Picadero quarry, function are considered.Also, their Tandil; and the other from early absence in many pampean collections occupations at Cerro El Sombrero and its possible relation to raw and Cerro La Chinafrom special material distribution is discussed. purpose and domestic sites.
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MICROLITHS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BEADS IN AN AGRO-PASTORALIST CONTEXT OF THE HIGHD ESERTS OF ARGENTINA: TECHNOLOGY, TYPOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTATION Salomón HOCSMAN1, Wilfredo FAUNDES2 and María del Pilar BABOT3
1CONICET. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales (ISES), CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Arqueología y Museo (IAM), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina [email protected] 2Independent archaeologist [email protected] 3CONICET. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales (ISES), CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Arqueología y Museo (IAM), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina. [email protected]
Microliths - defined so by their seeks to define their life histories, size and geometric form according to particularly the extension of their use Burdukiewicz - constitute a frequent life. This analysis is complemented artifact class in the high elevation by an experimental work aimed to deserts of Argentina and Chile. generate expectations about the In the agro-pastoralist contexts, production of the microperforators, they correspond to a single class of their hafting system, way of use and perforating objects, which has been its effect on the morphology of the studied minimally. In this work, beads orifice. The microperforators a set of microperforators from an were manufactured in situ on agro-pastoralist bead workshop (ca. bipolar microblades and bipolar 1450-1200 BP) of the site Punta de flakes from two kinds of rocks, la Peña 9, located in Antofagasta de which were exclusively selected for la Sierra (Northwest of Argentina), their manufacture. Retouch and is analyzed. The techno-typological microretouch was employed in their analysis aims to characterize the shaping. These are perforators which, active and passive zones of the according to Aschero’s classification, microperforators, to infer hafting have a trihedral tip and a prismatic or forms and use gestures. Likewise, it flat shaped body.
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TRAITS AND DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERNS OF THERMALLY ALTERED LITHICS. AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Ariel D. FRANK1 and Juan BARIDÓN2
1Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), División Arqueología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] 2División Arqueología. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. [email protected]
The thermal treatment of lithic used are varieties of siliceous rocks artifacts is a well-known procedure. coming from the Central Plateau of It consists of the controlled exposure Santa Cruz (Argentina). The aims of the pieces to the heat of the fire, of the experiments are twofold: to improve their knappability. There on the one hand, to study which are several studies that have tried macroscopic traits of thermal to understand how this process alteration took place; on the other affects the raw materials and how it hand, to evaluate if a distributional can be recognized archaeologically. pattern can be identified for the However, there are not many remains, by analyzing their final investigations that focus on the way location after the experiments. In in which other types of thermal both cases, we intend to recognize alterations modify the lithic remains, differences among different raw such as their intentional or accidental materials and propose expectations discard in a combustion structure or which can be useful to contrast with the action of natural fires. the archaeological record, providing Within this context, this paper information that can help in the presents the experimentations that understanding of the use of space and we have performed, in which lithic of the practices of manufacture and artifacts were thrown into hearths at discard of lithic artifacts. high temperatures. The raw materials
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POLISH LITHOTEKA PROJECT: SILICEOUS ROCK IN EAST- CENTRAL EUROPE Dagmara H. WERRA1, Anna SOKÓLSKA-MAJCHRZAK2 and Mateusz OSIADACZ3
1Autonomous Research Laboratory for Prehistoric Flint Mining, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland. [email protected] 2Library, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland. [email protected] 3Bio- and Archeometric Laboratory of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland. [email protected]
During the last years the research takes part in the project called ‘Digital related to the characteristics and Repository of Scientific Institutes’. identification of siliceous rocks is As a result, widely available, global, becoming more and more popular. interdisciplinary Digital Repository The popularity of the research is has been created, with fully published growing because this is the best and texts that one can find online. the most reliable way to track the Currently, the Repository is being communication and mobility of developed with digitalization of prehistoric communities. archaeological materials, including However, the development of such the collection of siliceous rock. research is stopped because of many The combination of a classic factors. The main reason for this fact lithoteka and a library helped to is that publishing, describing and create a database which enables to presentation of data are incoherent. search data in a coherent way. As a The shared data are fragmentary, result, the obtained results refer not publishing them in local and regional only to the description of a rock, but journals in various local languages are also to articles and books related to of importance. this artefact. Since 2011 the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology PAS
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GRAND-PRESSIGNY WAS NOT ALONE: ACQUIRING AND SHARING DATA WITHIN THE COLLECTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT “LITHOTHÈQUE NETWORK FOR THE CENTRE-VAL DE LOIRE REGION” (FRANCE) Vincent DELVIGNE1, Paul FERNANDES2, Raphaël ANGEVIN3, Harold LETHROSNE4, Jehanne AFFOLTER5, Thierry AUBRY6, Marie-France CREUSILLET7, Frédéric DEMOUCHE8, Jean DÉPONT9, Stéphan DUBERNET10, Laurent KLARIC11, François-Xavier LE BOURDONNEC12, Audrey LAFARGE13, René LIABEUF14, Mongane LIARD15, Nicole MALLET16, Xavier MANGADO LLACH17, Laure-Anne MILLET-RICHARD18, Marie-Hélène MONCEL19, Johannes MUSCH20, Michel PHILIPPE21, Michel PIBOULE22, Jérôme PRIMAUL23, Jean-Paul RAYNAL24, Clément RECQ25, Mar REY-SOLÉ26, Marta SÁNCHEZ DE LA TORRE27, Patrick SCHMIDT28, Pascal TALLET29, Gabriel TEURQEUTY30, Médard THIRY31, Christophe TUFFERY32 and Christian VERJUX33
1Service de Préhistoire, Université de Liège, Belgium and UMR 5199-PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, France. [email protected] 2UMR 5199 - PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, and SARL Paléotime, Villard-de-Lans, France. [email protected] 3DRAC Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Clermont-Ferrand, and UMR7041 - ArScAn - ANTET, Maison de l’archéologie et de l’ethnologie, France. [email protected] 4UMR8215 - Trajectoire, Maison de l’archéologie et de l’ethnologie, France. [email protected] 5AR-GEO-LAB and Institut fürArchäologischeWissenschaft, Universität Bern, Swiss. [email protected] 6Fundação Côa Parque, Portugal. [email protected] 7UMR8215 - Trajectoire, Maison de l’archéologie et de l’ethnologie, and INRAP - Centre-Île de France, France. [email protected] 8Musée du Grand-Pressigny, France. [email protected] 9Without Status, France. [email protected]
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10UMR 5060 - IRAMAT, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, France. [email protected] 11UMR 7055 - PréTech, Maison de l’archéologie et de l’ethnologie, France. [email protected] 12UMR 5060 - IRAMAT, IRAMAT - CRP2A, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, France. [email protected] 13UMR 5140 - Archéologie des sociétés méditerranéennes, Université de Montpellier 3, France. [email protected] 14DRAC Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Clermont-Ferrand, France. [email protected] 15INRAP - Centre-Île de France, and UMR 6042 - GEOLAB, Université Clermont Auvergne, France . [email protected] 16Without Status [email protected] 17Seminari d’Estudis i RecerquesPrehistòriques (SERP), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. [email protected] 18Musée du Grand-Pressigny, France. [email protected] 19UMR 7194 - Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, France. [email protected] 20INRAP - Centre-Île de France, France. [email protected] 21Musée du Grand-Pressigny, France. [email protected] 22Without Status. [email protected] 23UMR7041 - ArScAn - ANTET, Maison de l’archéologie et de l’ethnologie, and DRAC Nouvelle Aquitaine, France. [email protected] 24UMR 5199 - PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, France and Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany. [email protected] 25UMR 5140 - Archéologie des sociétés méditerranéennes, Université de Montpellier 3, France. [email protected] 26Seminari d’Estudis i RecerquesPrehistòriques (SERP), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. [email protected] 27UMR 5060 - IRAMAT, IRAMAT - CRP2A, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, France, and Seminari d’Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques (SERP), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. [email protected]
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28Abteilung fürJüngereUrgeschichte und Frühgeschichte, Institut fur Ur und Fruhgeschichteund Archäologie des Mittelalters, Eberhard-KarlsUniversität, Schloss Hohentubingen, Germany. [email protected] 29UMR 5199 - PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, and SARL Paléotime, Villard-de-Lans, France. [email protected] 30UMR7041 - ArScAn - ANTET, Maison de l’archéologie et de l’ethnologie, France. [email protected] 31Mines-Paris-Tech, Géosciences, France. [email protected] 32INRAP - Paris, Direction scientifique et technique, France. [email protected] 33UMR7041 - ArScAn - ANTET, Maison de l’archéologie et de l’ethnologie, and DRAC Centre-Val de Loire, SRA Centre-Val de Loire, France. [email protected]
In the wake of discoveries of - Mission 2: Better understand numerous large blade workshops the reasonsbehind evolution of at the Grand-Pressigny site (Indre- flint and decipher the phases of the et-Loire, France), the Centre-Val evolutionary chain for each flint type de Loire region long served as using multi-analytical analysis. a motor driving the diffusion of - Mission 3: To spread knowledge flint. Despite the quality of the and information both within the PCR initial work, difficulties remain in and to all interested persons. establishing real correlations between The “Lithothèque Network for the archaeological objects and their the Centre-Val de Loire Region” geological repository. In response to project is closely associated with this problem, the collective research similar programs already in place in project (PCR) “LithothèqueNetwork France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and for the Centre-Val de Loire Region” Aquitaine regions). The ultimate gathers about 30 researchersboth objective is to build a community amateurs and professionals, to work around a common project, bringing on three strategic missions: participants together regularly in - Mission 1: Establish a list of order to share knowledge and know- current ‘lithothèques’, verify their how that goes beyond the preparation contents and complete them if of journal articles. necessary.
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LOCAL CHERT VS. EXOGENOUS VARIETIES. GUADALOPE CHERT AND NEOGENE CHERTS FROM THE EBRO BASIN (SPAIN) Luis Miguel GARCÍA-SIMÓN1, Rafael DOMINGO2, Pilar UTRILLA3 and Manuel BEA4
1Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. [email protected] 2Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. [email protected] 3Universidad de Zaragoza,Spain. [email protected] 4Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. [email protected]
The presence of a siliceous outcrop of the necessities of the human next to the prehistoric exploitation groups that occupied the two sites, and abandonment place implies the Ángel 1 and Ángel 2, even during pre-eminence in the employment of coetaneous occupations. Thus, an that siliceous variety. Nevertheless, if excellent knowledge of a regional- we compare the chert employment scale territory can be deduced. along time changes can be noticed in The new siliceous variety, the lithic raw materials management. Guadalope chert, has been described In this sense, the sites located and included into lithotheques in the Arenal de Fonseca (Universities of Barcelona and (Ladruñán, Teruel), in the hearth Zaragoza). It has been already found in of the Maestrazgo Ranges, show neighbouring sites (Abrigo Ahumado fluctuations in the strategies of del Pudial, Ladruñán, Teruel) or in gathering, transport, management farther areas (La Roureda, Vilafranca, and abandonment of chert depending Castellón).
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KNAPPABLE MATERIAL LITHOTHEQUE OF THE PREHISTORY LABORATORY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LEÓN, SPAIN Diego HERRERO-ALONSO1, Natividad FUERTES-PRIETO2, Esperanza FERNÁNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ3, Fernando GÓMEZ-FERNÁNDEZ4, Eduardo ALONSO-HERRERO5, Ana María MATEO-PELLITERO6 and Ana NEIRA-CAMPOS7
1Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca, España. [email protected] 2Área de Prehistoria, Universidad de León, España. [email protected] 3Área de Paleontología, Universidad de León, España. [email protected] 4Área de Prospección e Investigación Minera, Universidad de León, España. [email protected] 5Área de Edafología y Química del Suelo, Universidad de León, España. [email protected] 6Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de León, España. [email protected] 7Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de León, España. [email protected]
In the 1990s several archaeological system. For this research to be carried works were carried out at different out, a multidisciplinary research team sites in the north-eastern area of the was put together, mainly comprising León province (southern-central geomophologists, petrologists and area of the Cantabrian Mountains- micropalaeontologists, alongside NW Spain) by staff in the Prehistory other specialist collaborations. Department at the University of As a result, we have developed León. The analysis of the lithic a standardised protocol of sample industry from those sites prompted collection and data organisation. the opening of a new research This includes the GIS referencing of line: the study of raw material lithic sources, database building, and management by Mesolithic groups in a number of analyses of the samples the middle- and high-mountain areas (petrographic, palaeontological, of the Cantabrian Central Mountain mineralogical and geochemical).
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All this information is giving rise To sum up, we here present a to a lithotheque specialised in local comparative collection specialized Palaeozoic silicifications that crop in knappable raw materials from the out in the Cantabrian Mountain, western Cantabrian Mountains, an mainly comprising radiolarite and area for which its potential resource black chert. base was fairly known.
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COMPARISON OF EXPEDIENT LITHIC TOOLS TYPES FROM FOUR SITES IN BELIZE Beverly A. CHIARULLI1
1Research Associate, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America. [email protected]
Small flake tools have been have been removed during tool recovered from most Maya sites in manufacture, the expedient tools Belize. These are often viewed as themselves were primarily used in a byproducts of the lithic reduction limited set of household activities, process that were then used when especially those associated with needed as expedient tools. This cutting or carving bone or wood. This description of these flakes as presentation describes the lithic tools “expedient” rather than formal tools, which could be better characterized as suggests that these were randomly small formal tools. Through a better chosen because they were at hand. understanding of this component of However, a closer analysis of small tool types, we are able to increase our expedient flakes recovered from understanding of the complete lithic four sites (Cerros, Chau Hiix, Maax manufacturing and use continuum Na, and El Pilar) in Belize has found from quarry to discard. that while many of the flakes may
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TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE DURING FINAL MID-HOLOCENE AND EARLY LATE HOLOCENE IN BARRANCAS (JUJUY PROVINCE, ARGENTINA) Rodolphe HOGUIN1 and Patricio KOHAN2
1CONICET – Instituto de Arqueología (UBA, FFyL), Buenos Aires, Argentina. MAE Université de Paris X, Nanterre, France. [email protected] 2Instituto de Arqueología (UBA, FFyL), Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]
In this paper, we present the lithic technical activities and their evolution technology of sites corresponding through time, as well as distinguishing to low-residential-mobility-hunter- stylistic aspects from functional ones. gatherers as well as herder occupations. Thus, we identify different changes, The analyzed sample was obtained related with functional activities, from a large terrace with small raw material supplying, and blank rockshelters and artificial mounds, a production continuity. These changes rockshelter with rock art, and a village and continuities are interpreted as with more than 35 structures. We being the result of a growing hunter- use diacritic schemes, reassemblies gatherer population of low residential (empirical and theoretical), and the mobility, adopting a new production determination of techno-functional economy based on herding and units to recreate operative chains and complementary hunting, as well as technical systems in relation to lithic technological innovations and long- materials. Our aim is to reconstruct distance exchange networks.
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CULTURAL TRANSMISSION STUDIES IN PROJECTILE POINTS OF THE PUNA OF SALTA (ARGENTINA). A METHODOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION María VARDÉ1 and Hernán J. MUSCIO2
1CONICET. Instituto de Arqueología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET. Instituto de Arqueología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]
This paper presents the morphologic characters are defined, methodology developed for the study as well as the scopes and limitations of cultural transmission mechanisms of the methodology. Finally, other in projectile points found in contributions formulated in recent archaeological contexts in the Puna years which use this procedure, of Salta. Such methodology consists encompassing different temporal of a paradigmatic morphological and spatial scales in the Puna of Salta, classification, metric variation are discussed. Results show the great analysis, and the study of raw utility that the present methodological materials. The case of the Cueva contribution can offer to studies of Nacimiento I’s projectile points is change and adaptive processes from presented as an example. Criteria an evolutionary perspective. for the selection of metric and
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THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF LITHIC ARTIFACTS BY PREHISPANIC HORTICULTURALIST GROUPS IN THE PARANÁ BASIN, ARGENTINA Romina SILVESTRE1
1CONICET. UnaM. INAPL, Argentina. [email protected]
The production and use of Due to a renewed interest in Guaraní lithic artifacts by Amazonian archaeology, this situation has begun horticulturalist groups, historically to change in recent years. known as Guaraní, are poorly known Hence, our aim is to present the in the archaeological literature. In technological strategies of Guarani the Paraná Basin, emphasis has been groups through the analysis of placed in the archaeology of hunter- lithic assemblages recovered from gatherers groups, mainly because of archaeological sites in two different, the lack of systematically excavated but linked environmental areas: archaeological sites produced by the Upper Paraná River (Misiones, the horticultural groups, but also Argentina) and the island portion because of the lack of interest of the Lower Paraná´s wetland of archaeologists in their lithic (Argentina). In order to achieve this technology. This situation has led, goal, we analyze raw material selection in many cases, to recognize Guaraní and use, using different indexes and material culture only by descriptions statistical methods. of its pottery decoration and form.
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TAPHONOMIC ANALYSIS AND FORMATION PROCESSES IN ARROYO VERDE, RÍO NEGRO, ARGENTINA Eugenia CARRANZA1
1IMHICIHU – CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected]
This work constitutes an initial such as wind and the sedimentary approximation to the taphonomic load which it carries. In addition, study of surface lithic materials the effects of other environmental recovered in Arroyo Verde disturbance agents, such as the archaeological site, province of Río presence of guanacos and the passage Negro, Argentina. The studied site of vehicles as well as the distribution is located in a deflation surface, with of the record in space, were evaluated. the presence of desert pavement, Results obtained indicate variability near the coastline and surrounded in the raw materials used and in by stabilized dunes. The lithic record the corrosion stages identified (or was found in surface, and it is mainly found). The latter would suggest composed by knapping debris. In processes of differential deflation order to perform a taphonomic over time. Thus, this work forms characterization of the sample, a line of complementary evidence physical alteration profiles were that contributes to the study of site constructed, which account for the formation processes in the Río Negro action of various taphonomic agents, coast.
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POSTERS
THE USE OF BIPOLAR FLAKING IN THE NORTH CENTRAL COAST OF PATAGONIA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE REGIONAL BASE OF LITHIC RESOURCES Anahí BANEGAS1 and Julieta GOMEZ OTERO2
1DEAus – CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [email protected] 2DEAus – CONICET, FHyCS-UNPSJB, Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [email protected]
Several authors argue that bipolar the following characteristics: small technology is expedient, versatile size, oval and/or thick shape and very and the most efficient strategy for good to excellent raw material quality. the reduction of small nodules. In Regarding chronology, there is a the north central coast of Patagonia significant progressive increase in the this technique was recorded in high utilization of this technology from the proportions (≥ 30%), although its Middle (6%) to the Late Holocene frequency is variable among the (> 54%). With respect to its spatial different coastal sectors. To explore variability along the Patagonian coast, the goals of the use of bipolar its frequency is high (60% to 100%) reduction technique in the area, the between the mouth of Colorado and relationship between the regional Río Negro rivers; moderate at the San base of lithic resources and the size, Matías gulf coast (59% to 10%) and type and raw material of the bipolar the south of Santa Cruz province (29 cores are analyzed. The bipolar to 10%); and low or absent (< 9%) reduction technique was applied to between the mouth of the Chubut the flintknapping of pebbles that share and Santa Cruz rivers.
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STUDY OF THE WEAPON SYSTEMS EMPLOYED BY HUNTER- GATHERERS OF THE ARGENTINIAN PAMPEAN REGION. ARROYO SECO 2 SITE María Paula BARROS1
1CONICET-INCUAPA. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Olavarría, Argentina. [email protected]
The site Arroyo Seco 2 (Tres and X stratigraphic units, assigned Arroyos county, Buenos Aires to the Middle and Late Holocene. province) is one of the most ancient Technological differences among sites in South America. The research the artifacts can be related not only carried out at this site allowed us to their functional use context but to obtain a solid chronological and also to chronology. Starting from stratigraphic base to characterize these analyses, we seek to explore human occupation during the final the different social and symbolic Pleistocene (ca. 14.000 years cal BP) dimensions that these artifacts had and at different times during of the for hunter-gatherers inhabiting the Holocene. site. In this work we present the results Data obtained provide information from techno-functional analyses about different issues of interest for of projectile points recovered in anthropology and archaeology, i.e., different contexts. Some of them the technological identity of human are associated with human burials groups as well as the different social (dated ca. 7800 years cal BP) and interactions that were established others were recovered from the Y between groups and their territory.
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LITHIC TAPHONOMY AT THE QUEBRADA DE QUEREO SITE: ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM OF ANTHROPOGENIC AMBIGUITYIN LATE PLEISTOCENE ASSEMBLAGES Javier Ignacio CARRANZA ELOLA1 and César MÉNDEZ2
1Proyecto FONDECYT #1170408 [email protected] 2Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, Coyhaique, Chile. [email protected]
This paper aims to develop a Santa Julia site (12,990-12,730 cal proposal for analyzing ambiguous BP). This procedure allowed us to lithic material in order to solve develop an analytic system centered the problem of the anthropogenic on the characteristics of chipped ambiguity of complex late Pleistocene edges in order to weigh taphonomic assemblages in torrential alluvial and technological attributes and locations. We focus our study on their natural production in torrential Quebrada de Quereo(13480-13070 ravine contexts. By applying this cal BP), a site located in the southern scheme to a sample of the lithic coast of Northern Semiarid Chile. In material recovered from Quereo, we order to build a comparative analog, evaluate which pieces are most likely different combinations of taphonomic to be considered as lithic artifacts. We and technological variables are conclude that most of the Quebrada explored in an assemblage of de Quereo lithic assemblage may natural origin that mimics knapping be explained as produced by natural attributes, obtained in a nearby causes; thus, those pieces should be ravine. This same set of variables considered pseudo-artifacts. was tested on the anthropogenic FONDECYT #1170408. lithic assemblage at the Quebrada
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TOOLSTONE PROCUREMENT AND TECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIES IN THE IBÁÑEZ RIVER VALLEY, CENTRAL WESTERN PATAGONIA María Luisa GÓMEZ1 and César MÉNDEZ2
1Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales, Providencia, Chile. [email protected] 2Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, Coyhaique, Chile. [email protected]
This paper presents the results infrequent in the Ibáñez valley. As of an archaeological study of the a result, it was possible to observe technological strategies used by a dominant curated technological hunter-gatherer groups who inhabited strategy based on a high frequency the Ibáñez River valley (Aisén, of non-local raw materials. Among Chile), with higher intensity during the high-quality toolstones, Pampa the Late Holocene. The analysis del Asador obsidian (Santa Cruz, focused on surface lithic assemblages Argentina) stands out, as it occurs and was conducted within the frame in several equivalently sampled of a comprehensive study of the Andean valleys in the area. Local local availability of toolstones in raw materials, generally of lower order to define local versus exotic quality for knapping, were used procurement. High-quality local more expediently as indicated by the lithic raw materials suitable for the archaeological assemblages. elaboration of knapped artifacts are
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FIRST RESULTS ON THE WEAPON SYSTEM OF THE HUNTER- GATHERERS THAT OCCUPIED THE MIDDLE BASIN OF THE SALADO CREEK (PAMPAS REGION, ARGENTINA) Cristian A. KAUFMANN1, María C. ÁLVAREZ2, María Paula BARROS3, Jonathan BELLINZONI4 and Guillermo HEIDER5
1CONICET-INCUAPA. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET-INCUAPA. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Argentina. [email protected] 3CONICET-INCUAPA. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Argentina. [email protected] 4CIN. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Argentina. [email protected] 5CONICET - Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físico, Matemáticas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina. [email protected]
El Hangar is an archaeological site with other artifacts, a high number located on a low hill, which is 170 m of projectile points were recovered from the Salado stream (province of at the site (N=30). In this poster we Buenos Aires, Argentina). Several present the results of the study of the materials have been recovered in projectile points from El Hangar. We surface, covering an area of 12.500 characterize their size, shape, and raw m2. Most of the remains correspond material used. We also analyze the to lithic artifacts, although some distances to the natural rock outcrops. ceramic sherds and animal bones Taking into account the results were also collected. No radiocarbon of these analyses, we discuss the dates are yet available; however, some potential functionality of El Hangar. characteristics of the materials, as well As a preliminary hypothesis we as the presence of pottery, indicate believe that the site could have been that at least part of the occupations used as a locus for the maintenance, correspond to the late Holocene. It replacement, and discard of weapons. is remarkable that, in comparison
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LITHIC MICRO-WEAR ANALYSIS OF LATE HOLOCENE TOOLS FROM LAGUNA AZUL LOCALITY (SOMUNCURÁ PLATEAU, RÍO NEGRO, ARGENTINA) Virginia LYNCH1 and Enrique TERRANOVA2
1CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), Argentina. [email protected]
The Laguna Azul locality is This paper focuses on the lithic located in the northeastern area of materials (mainly end scrapers) the Somuncurá plateau (Río Negro recovered from Laguna Azul. The Province, Argentina). This plateau is study allowed us to infer the use of a basaltic cover with numerous basins these tools on different materials, as with ephemeral lagoons between well as to understand technological these basins. The Laguna Azul is decisions on their production. This located at about 1,179 m.a.s.l. analysis constitutes a starting point The archaeological evidence in to understand the functionality of this area consists of stone structures these structures, considered as places (blinds), rock art and different equipped in advance for their reuse, surface materials. In the excavation and also to propose possible mobility carried out within one of these circuits in the Somuncurá plateau, parapets, lithic, pottery and faunal taking into account that the lagoons remains were recovered, and Late- were places frequently visited and Holocene ages were obtained from inhabited during the Late Holocene. four samples.
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MAPPING TRIANGULAR NON-STEMMED POINTS ACROSS THE DESEADO MASSIFF (SANTA CRUZ, ARGENTINA) Lucía MAGNIN1, Darío HERMO2, Virginia LYNCH3 and Bruno MOSQUERA4
1CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), Argentina. [email protected] 2CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), Argentina. [email protected] 3CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), Argentina. [email protected] 4CONICET, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), Argentina. [email protected]
The projectile points called The aim of this work is to construct Magallanes III, “Toldenses” or a regional spatial database and explore triangular non-stemmed points the distribution of this particular have been reported in different point design in the Deseado Massiff archeological sites of Patagonia, in a and its bordering area, analyzing the very extensive area from the Andean points’ frequencies as well as their range to the Atlantic Ocean coast, metric and technological attributes. and from the north Patagonian pre- To achieve this goal, georeferenced cordillera to the south end of the locations are mapped and exploratory continent. However, the highest analyses are completed to make frequency of these projectile an evaluation of their regional points has been recorded in the distribution. As in previous studies north of Santa Cruz province. The carried out with rock art motifs, this radiocarbon dates associated with preliminary study of projectile point these objects encompass a wide time distribution is a complementary span, from ca. 9,000 years BP in Los approach to the archaeological study Toldos, Río Pinturas area and Perito of mobility and interaction between Moreno National Park, to ca. 3,400 hunter-gatherers on a regional scale. years BP in the Río Pinturas area and ca. 4,100 years BP in Cueva Maripe.
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FIRST RESULTS FROM PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SAMPLES FROM THE LOWER BASIN OF THE COLORADO RIVER (BUENOS AIRES PROVINCE, ARGENTINA) Florencia SANTOS VALERO1, Gustavo MARTÍNEZ2 and Cristina FRISICALE3
1UE-INCUAPA-CONICET. Olavarría, Argentina. [email protected] 2UE-INCUAPA-CONICET. Olavarría, Argentina [email protected] 3INGEOSUR-CONICET. Bahía Blanca, Argentina [email protected]
The aim of this work is to present the recognition of similarities and the results obtained from petrographic differences among these rocks. This cuts made on archaeological artifacts comparison allows us to propose that coming from Middle and Late some lithic raw materials recovered in Holocene sites recorded in the Lower the lower Colorado River basin (e.g., Colorado River basin. This task was chert, orthoquarzite, metaquarzite) carried out in order to evaluate the were coming from the Tandilia provenience of the raw materials and Ventania ranges, as well as from which these artifacts were from different sectors of La Pampa manufactured. In this way, eight province. The obtained results are petrographic thin sections were concordant with the archaeological performed in order to identify the model developed for the study area, textures and mineral phases present. which proposes that since the middle These analyses were carried out by Holocene the hunter-gatherer groups one of the authors in the INGEOSUR that inhabited the lower Colorado (UNS). Results were compared River basin participated in a broad with information obtained from social interaction network, which petrographic cuts done by Bayón and included the Dry and Humid Pampas co-authors, Carrera Aizpitarte and subregions. Catella in neighboring areas, allowing
204 Book of Abstracts Session 11
LITHIPHES: A LITHIC REFERENCE COLLECTION FOR THE NE IBERIAN PENINSULA PREHISTORY María SOTO1, Bruno GÓMEZ DE SOLER2 and Josep VALLVERDÚ3
1IPHES. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Campus Sescelades URV and Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. [email protected] 2IPHES. Institut Català de PaleoecologiaHumana i Evolució Social, Campus Sescelades URV and Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. [email protected] 3IPHES. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Campus Sescelades URV and Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain. [email protected]
We present the LithIPHES, a chert database connected with several reference collection located in IPHES digital cartographic maps, and with facilities (Tarragona, Spain) initiated data sheets including some geological in 2005, motivated to solve a gap in extrinsic factors (geological chert- raw materials provenance and supply bearing formation, outcrop apparent studies for prehistoric contexts, thickness, enclosing rock/chert ratio, which several archaeological research silicification sizes, colour…), useful projects in the NE of the Iberian to perform further statistical tests to Peninsula presented. the raw material management studies. LithIPHES includes ca. 500 The availability of an own Geo- geological hand-samples of chert archaeology laboratory with petro- and enclosing rocks, obtained during graphic equipments (impregnation prospecting across the Catalan vacuum chamber and oven, slicing, Coast Range, Ebro margin and Pre- cutting, grinding and polishing Pyrenees (Catalonia). Each sample machines) allows us to dispose is individually identified with the thin sections and prepared blocks year of sampling, the outcrop name, associated to the hand-samples a correlative number within the collection for performing a multi- stratigraphic sequence and their scalar approach (http://www.iphes. enclosing lithology. These acronyms cat/petrology-micromorphology- are related with a geo-referenced soil-studies).
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CORE AND CORE TOOL KNAPPING METHODS ALONG THE CISNES RIVER VALLEY FOR DISCUSSING THE DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVITIES ACROSS THE LANDSCAPE Bárbara THOMPSON PALMA1 and César MÉNDEZ2
1Proyecto FONDECyT, 1130128, Chile. [email protected] 2Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia, Chile. [email protected]
A redundant and punctuated use the preferential platform knapping of different ecosystems from 3000 method. These allow discussing calibrated years BP onwards has differences in the technological been observed along the Cisnes river assemblages between residential valley (44° S) of Central Western and logistically-oriented locations. Patagonia. This paper presents the We conclude that there are no results of the analysis conducted significant qualitative differences for on a sample of 75 cores and core explaining their distributions across tools from sites in the steppe and the valley, and that the four methods deciduous and evergreen forests to were common to hunter-gatherers ascertain differences and similarities occupying it. Thus, results obtained in knapping methods within this argue in favor of a single-integrated time frame. Four knapping methods technological decision set as opposed were defined across the studied sites to different methods characterizing in of the valley: the initial method, potentially different populations. the bifacial tendency method, the Funded by FONDECYT #1130128. multidirectional method, and finally,
206 CONFERENCES
Book of Abstracts Conferences
REFLECTIONS ON OBSIDIAN RESEARCH IN THE SOUTHERN ANDES Michael D. GLASCOCK1
1University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center, United States of America. [email protected]
Since the 1960s, chemical range of methods from analytical characterization studies of obsidian chemistry have contributed to sources and artifacts have been the advancement of this research. used to investigate archaeological Without the development of these questions around the world. Obsidian analytical methods and the continued is a unique geological material with discovery of new obsidian sources, a number of physical and chemical obtaining answers to the myriad of properties that make it an ideal subject archaeological questions would not for archaeological investigation. have been possible. Although obsidian The physical properties of obsidian research in the south-central Andes regarding its visual appearance, (i.e. Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina) glassy nature, and abundance made started later than in other regions of it attractive to prehistoric humans for the world, researchers have discovered the manufacture of sharp-edged tools, more than 30 geochemical types. A knives, weapons, jewelry, etc. On the majority of the sources have been other hand, the chemical properties located, but there are still a number of obsidian sources and artifacts of unknowns yet to be located. This have made obsidian one of the most presentation will review the history successful materials for archaeological of obsidian research in the southern inquiry and provenance studies. Andes including how the application Procurement practices, mobility of different analytical methods patterns, trade and exchange, social have contributed to its success. interaction, traditions, chronology Recommendations for maximizing and technological development are the long-term return from individual among the many important topics obsidian characterization studies will that have been investigated. A wide- be discussed.
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OBSIDIAN SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTION IN PATAGONIA, SOUTHERNMOST SOUTH AMERICA Charles R. STERN1
1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, United States of America. [email protected]
Obsidian artifacts occur in some of distinct from all the other sources. the earliest occupied late Pleistocene Those from the Chilean Andes are archaeological sites in Patagonia, subalkaline in composition, while such as Pilauco (~15,500 cal yrs those from the pampas of Argentina BP) in south-central Chile, and east of the Andes are alkaline and Cerro Tres Tetas (~12,100 cal yrs peralkaline. Chaitén obsidian occurs BP) in Santa Cruz, Argentina, and in marine culture sites along the they are very common in numerous Pacific coast as far as >400 km to the early Holocene sites. Trace-element north and south of this volcano, and a analysis of artifacts from these sites few samples has been found >900 km indicate long-distance (>300 to to the southeast along the Atlantic >1000 km) transport of obsidian from coast, presumably transported there nine different sources. Two of these in a canoe. Green obsidian from Seno sources, Chaitén (CH) and Nevados Otway was also exploited dominantly de Sollipulli (NS), are associated with by marine cultures, but occurs as well active Andean volcanoes in southern in terrestrial hunter-gatherer sites Chile. One, around Seno Otway (SO), such as Pali-Aike and Fell’s caves, occurs in the Miocene volcanic belt from which Junius Bird first reported, in the southernmost Andes. The six in 1938, prehistoric obsidian artifacts others, Portada Covunco (PC), Cerro in Patagonia. Distinctive black and de la Planicies/Lago Lolog (CP/LL), red-banded “tiger-striped” obsidian Sacanana (S), Telsen/Sierra Negra from Portada Covunco has also (T/SC), Pampa del Asador (PDA) been transported >500 km east to and Cordillera Baguales (CB), occur the Atlantic coast, as well as west east of the Andes in Argentina. into Chile and to Mocha island off Geologic ages of these obsidians the Pacific coast, perhaps because of range from 17.8 Ma (Sacanana) to its aesthetic appeal. Black alkaline recent (Chaitén). Obsidian from obsidian from Pampa del Asador, each of these sources is generally which includes at least four chemically homogeneous and chemically distinct types, has been distributed by
210 Book of Abstracts Conferences terrestrial hunter-gatherers >800 km procurement by Patagonian terrestrial northeast to the Atlantic coast and hunter-gatherers (≤200 km), implies south to Tierra del Fuego, as well as a considerable amount of material west into Chile. The wide distribution interchange among the prehistoric (>300 km) of obsidian from each of peoples of Patagonia throughout the these nine sources, well beyond the Holocene. range considered probable for direct
211
Author Index
A BEA, Manuel...... 189 BEAUDOIN, Ella V...... 29 ABDOLAHZADEH, Aylar...... 25 BELARDI, Juan Bautista...... 132 ACOSTA, Alejandro...... 74 BELLINZONI, Jonathan...... 201 AFFOLTER, Jehanne...... 186 BENAZZI, Stefano...... 42 AGNOLIN, Agustín...... 67, 91, 120 BENGARMRA, Said...... 150 AIZPITARTE, Manuel CARRERA...... 90 BERÓN, Mónica Alejandra...... 90 ALBERTI, Jimena...... 125, 126 BERTHON, Rémi...... 175 ALONSO-HERRERO, Eduardo...... 190 BLANCO, José F...... 70 ÁLVAREZ, María C...... 166, 201 BOBILLO, Federico...... 76, 116 ALVAREZ, Myrian...... 162 BOËDA, Eric...... 51 AMBRÚSTOLO, Pablo...... 154, 158 BONNAT, Federico G...... 114 AMICK, Daniel S...... 17, 26 BONSALL, Clive...... 83 ANDRADE, Pedro...... 146 BORIE, César...... 146 ANGELIS, Hernán DE...... 33, 168, 170 BORONEANȚ, Adina...... 83 ANGEVIN, Raphaël...... 186 BORRAZZO, Karen...... 59, 63, 69 AOURAGHE, Hassan...... 150 BORRERO, Luis A...... 69, 119 ARAUJO, Astolfo...... 113, 133, 138 BOSCATO, Paolo...... 44 ARRIGHI, Simona...... 42, 44 BOURDONNEC, François-Xavier LE..171, ASCHERO, Carlos A...... 116 172, 175, 186 AUBRY, Thierry...... 186 BOZZUTO, Damián...... 123 AURELI, Daniele...... 42, 44 BRADLEY, Bruce...... 138 BRANDT, Steven A...... 104, 129 B BRAUN, David R...... 29 BABOT, María del Pilar...... 183 BRIEBA, Andión ARTEAGA...... 59 BAENA, Javier...... 159 BUCHLI, Jonas...... 30 BAETTCHER, Amandamae...... 102 BURKE, Adam M...... 142 BAIED, Carlos A...... 55 BURKE, Adrian L...... 171, 177 BAKHSHALIYEV, Veli...... 175 BUSCAGLIA, Silvana...... 125, 126 BANEGAS, Anahí...... 197 BUSHER, Natasha...... 65 BARBERENA, Ramiro...... 88, 95 BARGALLÓ, Amèlia...... 152, 161 C BARIDÓN, Juan...... 184 CAMINOA, José María...... 178 BARRIENTOS, Gustavo...... 141, 148 CAMPBELL, Stuart...... 99 BARROS, María Paula...... 78, 79, 198, 201 CAMPMAS, Emilie...... 165 BARTEAUX, Jillian...... 65 CARBONELLI, Juan Pablo...... 54 BASAEZ, Alberto...... 156 CARBONERA, Mirian...... 52 BASGALL, Mark...... 65 CARDILLO, Marcelo...... 137, 139 BAZÁN, Cristian...... 156 CARRANZA, Eugenia...... 196
213 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
CASSIODORO, Gisela...... 67, 91, 120 E CASTRO, Silvina...... 60 CATALÁN, Wilfredo FAUNDES...... 116 EGEA, Débora...... 32 CATELLA, Luciana...... 148 EIXEA, Aleix...... 161 CATTÁNEO, Roxana...... 178 ELÍAS, Alejandra M...... 61 CHACÓN, María Gema...... 150, 152, 161 ELOLA, Javier Ignacio CARRANZA...... 199 CHARLIN, Judith...... 126, 137 EREN, Metin...... 24 CHIARULLI, Beverly A...... 192 ESCOLA, Patricia Susana...... 87 CHIESA, Jorge O...... 156 ESNAL, Analía CASTRO...... 94 CHIGLINO, Leticia...... 71 ESPINOSA, Silvana...... 67, 91, 120 CHMYZ, Igor...... 136 F CIARLO, Nicolás C...... 126 CIVALERO, María Teresa...... 123 FAUDONE, Sonia...... 178 CLARK, John E...... 19, 20 FAUGHT, Michael...... 110 COBB, Charles R...... 128 FAUNDES, Wilfredo...... 183 COLLO, Gilda...... 178 FEO, Ma. Eugenia DE...... 97 COLOMBO, Mariano...... 37, 182 FERGUSON, Jeffery R...... 85 CONESA, Margarita VADILLO...... 23, 41 FERNANDES, Paul...... 186 CONI, Josefina FLORES...... 67, 77, 91 FERNÁNDEZ, Macarena...... 62 CONTRERAS, Catalina...... 72 FERNÁNDEZ, María Victoria...... 88, 98 CORNEJO, Luis...... 95 FERNÁNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ, Esperanza.190 CORREA, Letícia Cristina...... 113 FERNÁNDEZ-PALMA, Beatriz FAJARDO. CORTEGOSO, Valeria...... 81, 88, 95 34 COSTAMAGNO, Sandrine...... 165 FLEGENHEIMER, Nora...... 101, 182 CRANDELL, Otis...... 39, 136 FLORES, Carola...... 146 CREUSILLET, Marie-France...... 186 FOREST, Marion...... 84 CROSSA, Arlys Nicolás Batalla...... 113 FRANCH, Anna...... 33, 168, 170 CUETO, Manuel...... 155 FRANCO, Nora V...... 28, 119, 181 FRANK, Ariel D...... 155, 184 D FRISICALE, Cristina...... 204 DARRAS, Véronique...... 84 FUERTES-PRIETO, Natividad...... 190 DELAUNAY, Amalia NUEVO...... 117, 125, G 131, 132 DELVIGNE, Vincent...... 186 GALARCE, Patricio...... 146 DEMOUCHE, Frédéric...... 186 GALFI, Jovan...... 47 DÉPONT, Jean...... 186 GARCÍA-SIMÓN, Luis Miguel...... 189 DÍAS, Iván A...... 156 GAZZÁN, Nicolás...... 71 DIBBLE, Harold...... 25 GERMANIER, Alejandro...... 178 DIEGUEZ, Sergio...... 100 GERMANO, Flavia M...... 31 DITCHFIELD, Kane...... 63, 65 GIANOTTI, Camila...... 71 DOMINGO, Rafael...... 189 GIESSO, Martín...... 90, 95 DONADEI, Juan Pablo...... 73 GIL, Adolfo...... 100 DUBERNET, Stéphan...... 172, 186 GIL, Raúl...... 156 DURÁN, Víctor...... 88, 95 GLASCOCK, Michael D...... 81, 84, 88,
214 Book of Abstracts
90, 93, 95, 100, 209 KLARIC, Laurent...... 186 GLUCHY, María Elida FARÍAS...... 112 KOHAN, Patricio...... 160, 193 GODINO, Ivan BRIZ...... 162 GOEBEL, Ted...... 101, 111 L GÓMEZ-FERNÁNDEZ, Fernando...... 190 LAFARGE, Audrey...... 186 GÓMEZ, María Luisa...... 200 LEADER, George...... 25 GOÑI, Rafael...... 91 LEAL, Pablo Rodrigo...... 98 GORE, Angela...... 107 LEIPUS, Marcela...... 115 GRAF, Kelly E...... 106 LETHROSNE, Harold...... 186 GRATUZE, Bernard...... 172 LEYVA, Leslye M. VALENZUELA.....39, 50 GURAIEB, Ana Gabriela...... 123 LIABEUF, René...... 186 GUROVA, Maria...... 48 LIARD, Mongane...... 186 H LIN, Sam...... 25 LLACH, Xavier MANGADO...... 186 HADDOUMI, Hamid...... 150 LÓPEZ, Lisandro G...... 158 HAMMOUTI, Kamal EL...... 150 LOPONTE, Daniel...... 52, 74 HEALEY, Elizabeth...... 99 LOYOLA, Rodrigo...... 62 HEIDER, Guillermo...... 156, 201 LUCERO, Gustavo F...... 60, 95, 119 HERMO, Darío...... 53, 203 LYNCH, Virginia...... 202, 203 HERNÁNDEZ, Daniel...... 70 HERRERO-ALONSO, Diego...... 190 M HILDEBRAND, Elisabeth A...... 129 MACDONALD, Brandi L...... 81, 88, 95 HISCOCK, Peter...... 101, 105 MADER, Christian...... 49 HOCSMAN, Salomón...... 57, 183 MAEDA, Osamu...... 99 HOGUIN, Rodolphe...... 93, 193 MAGNIN, Lucía...... 203 HOVERS, Erella...... 17 MALDONADO, Antonio...... 117 I MALLET, Nicole...... 186 MANGADO-LLACH, Xavier...... 181 IOVITA, Radu...... 30 MANSUR, María E...... 33, 168, 170 ISLA, Johny...... 49 MARCHIONNI, Laura...... 169 IZETA, Andrés...... 178 MARCIANI, Giulia...... 44 IZUHO, Masami...... 85 MARINA, Flavia CARBALLO...... 132 MARRO, Catherine...... 175 J MARSH, Erik...... 60 JADOT, Elsa...... 84 MARTÍNEZ, Gustavo...... 204 JENNINGS, Thomas A...... 22 MARTINI, Fabio...... 23 JOANNES-BOYAU, Renaud...... 175 MASSIGOGE, Agustina...... 78 JULIG, Patrick...... 39 MATEO-PELLITERO, Ana María...... 190 MATERA, Sebastián...... 158 K MAULDIN, Raymond P...... 26 MAVEROFF, Nicolás...... 123 KAUFMANN, Cristian A...... 201 MAZZIA, Natalia...... 122, 182 KERNEDER-GUBAŁA, Katarzyna...... 46 MÉNDEZ, César...... 72, 117, 131, KITCHEL, Nathaniel R...... 109 199, 200, 206
215 11th Symposium on Knappable Materials
MERCURI, Cecilia...... 35 PEÑA, Inguer F...... 70 MESSINEO, Pablo G...... 79, 166 PEÑA, Paloma DE LA...... 24 MICOU, Cecilia PÉREZ DE...... 94 PEREIRA, Grégory...... 84 MILLET-RICHARD, Laure-Anne...... 186 PÉREZ, Sara DÍAZ...... 167 MIOTTI, Laura L...... 53, 169 PERINO, Ernesto...... 156 MONCEL, Marie-Hélène...... 186 PETROVIĆ, Anđa...... 47 MONROY, Ignacio...... 62 PETROVIĆ, Vera BOGOSAVLJEVIĆ..... 47 MONTEGÚ, Juan...... 92 PEVNY, Charlotte D...... 22, 110 MORELLO, Flavia...... 63 PFLEGING, Johannes...... 30 MORENO, Enrique...... 32 PHILIPPE, Michel...... 186 MORONI, Adriana...... 42 PIBOULE, Michel...... 186 MOSQUERA, Bruno...... 203 PINO, Mario...... 174 MUSCH, Johannes...... 186 POMPEI, María de la Paz...... 100 MUSCIO, Hernán J...... 194 POP, Cornel M...... 80 POWER, Ximena...... 146 N PREYSLER, Javier BAENA...... 36, 167 NAVARRO, Ximena...... 174 PRIMAUL, Jérôme...... 186 NAVAS, Concepción TORRES...... 36, 167 Q NEGRA, Claudia DELLA...... 88 NEIRA-CAMPOS, Ana...... 190 QUINTANA, Vanessa Barrios...... 52 NEME, Gustavo...... 100 NEWLANDER, Khori...... 102, 143 R O RAMOS, Marcos Paulo...... 51 RAYNAL, Jean-Paul...... 186 OKUMURA, Mercedes...... 133, 136, 138 RECQ, Clément...... 186 OLGUÍN, Laura...... 146 REEVES, Jonathan S...... 29 OLIVA, Fernando...... 115, 148 REINDEL, Markus...... 49 ORANGE, Marie...... 175 REPETTO, Flavia MORELLO...... 121 OSIADACZ, Mateusz...... 185 RESTIFO, Federico...... 56 OSORIO, Daniela...... 118 REYNEN, Wendy...... 68 OTERO, Julieta GOMEZ...... 197 REY-SOLÉ, Mar...... 186 RICCI, Giulia...... 23 P ROMAGNOLI, Francesca...... 152, 159, 161, PÁEZ, Florencia N...... 90 165, 167 PALMA, Bárbara Thompson...... 206 RONCHITELLI, Annamaria...... 42, 44 PAL, Nélida...... 79, 162 ROQUE, Ruben S. MAMANI...... 21 PARGETER, Justin...... 24 RUBIO, Marcelo...... 178 PARISH, Ryan M...... 141, 145 RUGHINI, Agustina A...... 88 PARMIGIANI, Vanesa...... 33, 168, 170 S PARODI, Pablo...... 62 PARRA, Sonia...... 146 SACCHI, Mariana...... 123, 130 PATERSON, Alistair...... 125 SÁENZ, José Luis...... 132
216 Book of Abstracts
SALA, Robert...... 150 TEURQEUTY, Gabriel...... 186 SALAZAR, Diego...... 146 THIRY, Médard...... 186 SALAZAR, Julián...... 92 THOMALSKY, Judith...... 175 SALETTA, María José...... 130 THULMAN, David K...... 135 SALGAN, María Laura...... 100 TOLEDO, Marcelo Javier...... 164 SALVATORE, Marcos...... 178 TORCIVIA, Claudia MACORITTO...... 97 SALVI, Valeria FRANCO...... 92 TORINO, Rocío...... 78 SÁNCHEZ, Aitor...... 37 TORRE, Ignacio DE LA...... 72, 118 SANTORO, Calogero M...... 118 TORRE, Marta SÁNCHEZ DE LA...... 171, SANTOS, Gabriela COELHO DOS...... 148 172, 186 SARIO, Gisela...... 178 TORTOSA, J. Emili AURA...... 41 SCHEIFLER, Nahuel A...... 79 TUFFERY, Christophe...... 186 SCHEINSOHN, Vivian...... 159, 163 TYKOT, Robert H...... 82 SCHMIDT, Patrick...... 186 SEGUEL, Roxana...... 117 U SENTINELLI, Natalia...... 57 URIZ, Norberto...... 148 SEPÚLVEDA, Marcela...... 118 UTRILLA, Pilar...... 189 SHOTT, Michael J...... 27, 133 SILVESTRE, Romina...... 74, 195 V SKARBUN, Fabiana...... 155 SMALLWOOD, Ashley M...... 22 VALERO, Florencia SANTOS...... 204 SMITH, Heather L...... 108 VALLVERDÚ, Josep...... 152, 205 SOKÓLSKA-MAJCHRZAK, Anna...... 185 VAQUERO, Manuel...... 152, 161 SOLARI, Marcelo...... 72 VARDÉ, María...... 194 SOLER, Bruno GÓMEZ DE..152, 161, 205 VERJUX, Christian...... 186 SOMONTE, Carolina...... 55 VETH, Peter...... 65 SONCINI, María C. ÁLVAREZ...... 33, 58, VETRISANO, Lucas...... 28 168, 170 VIANA, Sibeli Aparecida...... 112 SORIA, Silvia Susana...... 97 VIVAR, Gustau...... 126 SOTO, María...... 150, 152, 205 SOUHIR, Mohamed...... 150 W SPAGNOLO, Vincenzo...... 44 WARD, Ingrid...... 65 SPEER, Charles A...... 141, 144 WATERS, Gifford J...... 128 STEELE, James...... 118 WEITZEL, Celeste...... 17, 37, 182 STERN, Charles R...... 94, 174, 210 WERRA, Dagmara H...... 185 STEVENSON, Christopher M...... 75, 86 WEYER, Louis DE...... 103 SUAREZ, Ariel ORTIZ...... 156 WILLIAMS, Caitlin...... 75, 86 SUAREZ, Rafael...... 139 WOODS, James C...... 19, 20 T Y TALLET, Pascal...... 186 YACOBACCIO, Hugo...... 93 TARRIÑO, Andoni...... 150 YEBRA, Lucía...... 60, 95 TERRANOVA, Enrique...... 53, 122, 202
217 Z ZEANAH, David...... 65 ZUBIMENDI, Miguel Ángel...... 154, 158 ZARIŅA, Līga...... 136
he 11thedition of the International Symposium on Knappable Materials “From Toolstone to Stone Tools” is the Tfirst edition of the conference held out of Europe. This edition of the symposium has attracted a strong global response, by bringing together 358 researchers from 28 different countries, representing the five continents. Buenos Aires City (Argentina) was selected as the seat for the Symposium, at Universidad del Salvador from November 7th to 10th, 2017. Participants also have the opportunity to participate in an optional trip to visit archaeological sites, prehistoric quarries, and geological reference locations on the Atlantic coast and inland hills of the Buenos Aires Province on November 11th and 12th, 2017. The 11th ISKM was organized by the Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas (IMHICIHU-CONICET), but the Organizing Committee included members from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL) and the Área de Arqueología y Museos de la Municipalidad de Necochea. The symposium includes 154 papers which address current issues in knappable materials across the globe. This volume compiles the abstracts.