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Annona Cherimola Mill.) and Highland Papayas (Vasconcellea Spp.) in Ecuador
Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Academiejaar 2001 – 2002 DISTRIBUTION AND POTENTIAL OF CHERIMOYA (ANNONA CHERIMOLA MILL.) AND HIGHLAND PAPAYAS (VASCONCELLEA SPP.) IN ECUADOR VERSPREIDING EN POTENTIEEL VAN CHERIMOYA (ANNONA CHERIMOLA MILL.) EN HOOGLANDPAPAJA’S (VASCONCELLEA SPP.) IN ECUADOR ir. Xavier SCHELDEMAN Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor (Ph.D.) in Applied Biological Sciences Proefschrift voorgedragen tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Op gezag van Rector: Prof. dr. A. DE LEENHEER Decaan: Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. O. VAN CLEEMPUT Prof. dr. ir. P. VAN DAMME The author and the promotor give authorisation to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Any other use is limited by Laws of Copyright. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. De auteur en de promotor geven de toelating dit doctoraatswerk voor consultatie beschikbaar te stellen en delen ervan te kopiëren voor persoonlijk gebruik. Elk ander gebruik valt onder de beperkingen van het auteursrecht, in het bijzonder met betrekking tot de verplichting uitdrukkelijk de bron vermelden bij het aanhalen van de resultaten uit dit werk. Prof. dr. ir. P. Van Damme X. Scheldeman Promotor Author Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences Department Plant Production Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany Coupure links 653 B-9000 Ghent Belgium Acknowledgements __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgements After two years of reading, data processing, writing and correcting, this Ph.D. thesis is finally born. Like Veerle’s pregnancy of our two children, born during this same period, it had its hard moments relieved luckily enough with pleasant ones. -
Project Document
FAO/GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY PROJECT DOCUMENT PROJECT TITLE: Mainstreaming the use and conservation of agrobiodiversity in public policy through integrated strategies and in situ implementation in four Andean Highlands provinces. PROJECT SYMBOL: GCP/ECU/086/GFF Recipient Country: Ecuador Resource Partner: Global Environment Facility (GEF) FAO project ID: 615694 GEF/LDCF/SCCF Project ID: 4777 Executing Partner(s): National Autonomous Agriculture Research Institute of Ecuador Expected EOD (starting date): June 2014 Expected NTE (End date): May 2017 Contribution to FAO’s a. Strategic objective/Organizational Result: Strategic Framework SO-2 (OR-1, OR-2, OR-4), SO-3 (OR-2) b. Regional Result/Priority Area: Biodiversity, Family Farming, Food Security1 c. Country Programming Framework Outcome: Priority area 2. Food and Nutritional Security and Sovereignty; Outcome: FAO contributes to improve the nutritional conditions of the population; Output: In situ and ex situ conservation strategies of plant genetic resources GEF Focal Area/LDCF/SCCF: Biodiversity GEF/LDCF/SCCF Strategic Objectives: BD-2, BD-4 Environmental Impact Assessment Category (insert √): A B C√ Financing Plan: GEF/LDCF/SCCF allocation: USD 1 250 000 Co-financing: FAO USD 667 000 INIAP USD 652 260 Heifer Foundation, Ecuador USD 600 000 Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, USD 95 207 Aquaculture and Fisheries Decentralized Autonomous Governments USD 2 755 300 Local Organizations USD 194 568 Universities USD 1 631 900 Subtotal Co-financing: USD 6 596 235 Total Budget: USD 7 846 235 1 Based on the priority areas for action in Latin America and the Caribbean for the biennium 2014-2015, which are part of 32nd FAO Regional Conference for Latin America and the Caribbean, Buenos Aires, Argentina, March 2012. -
Gray Dissertation 2008
OUT-MIGRATION AND RURAL LIVELIHOODS IN THE SOUTHERN ECUADORIAN ANDES Clark Langston Gray A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geography. Chapel Hill 2008 Approved by: Thomas Whitmore Richard Bilsborrow Chirayath Suchindran Stephen Walsh Wendy Wolford ©2008 Clark Langston Gray ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT CLARK GRAY: Out-Migration and Rural Livelihoods in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes (Under the direction of Thomas Whitmore) This work draws on approaches from migration studies and population- environment research to investigate the drivers and consequences of rural out-migration in the southern Ecuadorian Andes, with a focus on connections to agriculture, the environment, and gender. Rural out-migration represents one of the primary forms of human population redistribution over the past century and is an important form of livelihood diversification for many rural households in the developing world. Out- migration commonly occurs in a context of land scarcity or environmental degradation and agricultural production may be further undermined by the loss of household labor to migration, but few quantitative studies have investigated these connections. To address these issues I conducted a household survey in a probability sample of 36 rural communities in southern Loja Province, Ecuador. The survey collected life histories for migrants and non-migrants as well as cross-sectional and retrospective information on household assets and livelihood activities. The household survey was supplemented by a community-level survey and the construction of a geographic information system that provided contextual information. -
A Case Study of Yantzaza, Ecuador
Faculty of Environmental Sciences Sustainable Development Model from an economic, social, and agroecological perspective in the Amazon Region: A case study of Yantzaza, Ecuador Dissertation for Awarding the Academic Degree Doctor rerum silvaticarum (Dr. rer. silv) Submitted by Econ. Gonzalo Leonardo Izquierdo Montoya Date and Place of Birth: February 2, 1984, Loja, Ecuador Supervisor 1 Prof. Dr. rer. silv. Norbert Weber Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Forest Economics and Forest Management Supervisor 2 Prof. Dr. rer. silv. Jürgen Pretzsch, Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products Supervisor 3 Prof. Dr. rer. silv. Dietrich Darr Rhein-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences Tharandt, Dresden Date of Submission: July 2017 Initiator of the thesis: Prof. Dr. agr., Dr. rer. silv. Franz Makeschin Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of soil science and site ecology i Declaration: I, Gonzalo Izquierdo Montoya hereby declare that this PhD thesis entitled “Sustainable Development Model from economic, social, agro ecological perspective in the Amazon Region: A case of study of Yantzaza-Ecuador” is my own original work and all other sources of information used are duly acknowledged. This thesis and any parts of it have never been submitted to any other university for any academic award Gonzalo Izquierdo Montoya Dresden, July 2017 ii Acknowledgements This research was performed thanks to the data gathering that was carried out in the Province of Zamora Chinchipe, in the south of the Ecuadorian Amazon, i.e. specifically the Yantzaza canton from 2012 to 2013. In addition, other work was executed with the local communities during the outreach and knowledge exchange process in 2015. -
Evaluating Spatial Scenarios for Sustainable Development in Quito, Ecuador
International Journal of Geo-Information Article Evaluating Spatial Scenarios for Sustainable Development in Quito, Ecuador Esthela Salazar 1,2,* , Cristián Henríquez 1,3 , Richard Sliuzas 4 and Jorge Qüense 1 1 Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul 4860, Santiago, Chile; [email protected] (C.H.); [email protected] (J.Q.) 2 Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y la Construcción, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador 3 Center for Sustainable Urban Development–CEDEUS, El Comendador 1916, Providencia, Santiago, Chile 4 Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 December 2019; Accepted: 20 February 2020; Published: 28 February 2020 Abstract: Peripheral urban sprawl configures new, extensive conurbations that transcend current administrative boundaries. Land use planning, supported by the analysis of future scenarios, is a guide to achieve sustainability in large metropolitan areas. To understand how urban sprawl is consuming natural and agricultural land, this paper analyzes land use changes in the metropolis of Quito, considering a combination of urban planning, natural conservation and risk areas. Using the Dyna-CLUE model we simulate spatial demands for future land uses by 2050, based on two growth scenarios: the trend scenario (unrestricted growth) and the regulated scenario, which considers two parameters—a government proposal for urban expansion areas and laws that protect natural areas. Both scenarios show how urban expansion consumes agricultural and natural areas. This expansion is backed by urban policies which do not sufficiently account for conservation areas nor for risk areas. -
Indigenous Peoples and State Formation in Modern Ecuador
1 Indigenous Peoples and State Formation in Modern Ecuador A. KIM CLARK AND MARC BECKER The formal political system is in crisis in Ecuador: the twentieth century ended with a four-year period that saw six different governments. Indeed, between 1997 and 2005, four of nine presidents in Latin America who were removed through irregular procedures were in Ecuador.1 Sociologist Leon Zamosc calls Ecuador “one of the most, if not the most, unstable country in Latin America.”2 At the same time, the Ecuadorian Indian movement made important gains in the last decade of the twentieth century, and for at least some sectors of society, at the turn of the twenty-first century had more pres- tige than traditional politicians did. The fact that Ecuador has a national-level indigenous organization sets it apart from other Latin American countries. National and international attention was drawn to this movement in June 1990, when an impressive indigenous uprising paralyzed the country for sev- eral weeks. Grassroots members of the Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas del Ecuador (CONAIE, Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador) marched on provincial capitals and on Quito, kept their agricul- tural produce off the market, and blocked the Pan-American Highway, the country’s main north-south artery. The mobilization was organized to draw attention to land disputes in the Ecuadorian Amazon (Oriente) and highlands (Sierra), and ended when the government agreed to negotiate a 16-point agenda presented by CONAIE.3 Since 1990, Ecuadorian Indians have become increasingly involved in national politics, not just through “uprising politics,” but also through 1 © 2007 University of Pittsburgh Press. -
Lost Languages of the Peruvian North Coast LOST LANGUAGES LANGUAGES LOST
12 Lost Languages of the Peruvian North Coast LOST LANGUAGES LANGUAGES LOST ESTUDIOS INDIANA 12 LOST LANGUAGES ESTUDIOS INDIANA OF THE PERUVIAN NORTH COAST COAST NORTH PERUVIAN THE OF This book is about the original indigenous languages of the Peruvian North Coast, likely associated with the important pre-Columbian societies of the coastal deserts, but poorly documented and now irrevocably lost Sechura and Tallán in Piura, Mochica in Lambayeque and La Libertad, and further south Quingnam, perhaps spoken as far south as the Central Coast. The book presents the original distribution of these languages in early colonial Matthias Urban times, discusses available and lost sources, and traces their demise as speakers switched to Spanish at different points of time after conquest. To the extent possible, the book also explores what can be learned about the sound system, grammar, and lexicon of the North Coast languages from the available materials. It explores what can be said on past language contacts and the linguistic areality of the North Coast and Northern Peru as a whole, and asks to what extent linguistic boundaries on the North Coast can be projected into the pre-Columbian past. ESTUDIOS INDIANA ISBN 978-3-7861-2826-7 12 Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz | Gebr. Mann Verlag • Berlin Matthias Urban Lost Languages of the Peruvian North Coast ESTUDIOS INDIANA 12 Lost Languages of the Peruvian North Coast Matthias Urban Gebr. Mann Verlag • Berlin 2019 Estudios Indiana The monographs and essay collections in the Estudios Indiana series present the results of research on multiethnic, indigenous, and Afro-American societies and cultures in Latin America, both contemporary and historical. -
Msc Tesis Juan Hidalgo Final1
Dinámica de acumulación de derechos de agua y conflictos Estudio de caso de la Acequia Tabacundo, Ecuador M.Sc. Tesis por Juan Pablo Hidalgo Bastidas Agosto 2010 Irrigation and Water Engineering Group Dinámica de acumulación de derechos de agua y conflictos Estudio de caso de la Acequia Tabacundo, Ecuador Dynamics of water rights accumulation and conflicts The case study of the Tabacundo Acequia, Ecuador Master thesis Irrigation and Water Engineering submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Science in International Land and Water Management at Wageningen University, the Netherlands Juan Pablo Hidalgo Bastidas August 2010 Supervisor: Dr. Ir. Rutgerd Boelens Irrigation and Water Engineering Group Centre for Water and Climate Wageningen University The Netherlands www.iwe.wur.nl/uk M.Sc. Tesis realizada como parte del proyecto de conocimiento “Justicia Hídrica” dentro del marco del programa CONCERTACIÓN. Solo le pido a Dios… Que el dolor no me sea indiferente Que la reseca muerte no me encuentre Vacío y solo sin haber hecho lo suficiente. Solo le pido a Dios… Que lo injusto no me sea indiferente Que no me abofeteen la otra mejilla, Después que una garra me arañó esta suerte […] Solo le pido a Dios… Que el engaño no me sea indiferente Si un traidor puede más que unos cuantos, Que esos cuantos no lo olviden fácilmente […] (León Gieco, 1978. IV LP) “Nosotros con machete y ellos con bala” (Usuario campesino del sector de La Esperanza) “¡Yo también voy a romper todos los candados para traer agua a mi pueblo!!” (Dirigente campesino) TABLA DE CONTENIDO LISTA DE ANEXOS ............................................................................. -
Puyango, Ecuador Petrified Forest, a Geological Heritage of The
sustainability Article Puyango, Ecuador Petrified Forest, a Geological Heritage of the Cretaceous Albian-Middle, and Its Relevance for the Sustainable Development of Geotourism Fernando Morante-Carballo 1,2,3,* , Geanella Herrera-Narváez 1,4,*, Nelson Jiménez-Orellana 4 and Paúl Carrión-Mero 1,4 1 Centro de Investigación y Proyectos Aplicados a las Ciencias de la Tierra (CIPAT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, 9015863 Guayaquil, Ecuador; [email protected] 2 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas (FCNM), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, 9015863 Guayaquil, Ecuador 3 Geo-recursos y Aplicaciones GIGA, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, 9015863 Guayaquil, Ecuador 4 Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra (FICT), ESPOL Polytechnic University, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, 9015863 Guayaquil, Ecuador; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.M.-C.); [email protected] (G.H.-N); Tel.: +59-396-976-0276 (F.M.-C.) Received: 7 July 2020; Accepted: 6 August 2020; Published: 14 August 2020 Abstract: Geodiversity treaties have multiplied and given rise to geological heritage as a singular value of protection and preservation for territories. The Puyango Petrified Forest (PPF) is a recognized Ecuadorian reserve, which was declared a National Heritage Treasure. It has an area of 2659 hectares, and it is located in the south of Ecuador, between the provinces of El Oro and Loja. The petrified trunks and trees were buried by volcanic lava, dating from the Cretaceous Period, 96 to 112 million years ago. -
Class and Ethnicity in the Canton of Cayambe: the Roots of Ecuador's Modern Indian Movement
Class and Ethnicity in the Canton of Cayambe: The Roots of Ecuador's Modern Indian Movement by Marc Becker B.A., Bethel College, 1985 M.A., University of Kansas, 1990 Submitted to the Department of History and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Chair) (Committee Members) Date Defended: Abstract Marc Becker, Ph.D. Department of History, 1997 University of Kansas My research examines changes in ideologies of class and ethnicity within rural movements for social change in Ecuador during the twentieth century. It explores how popular organizations engaged class analyses and ethnic identities in order to influence strategies of political mobilization among Indigenous and peasant peoples. Although recently ethnicity has come to dominate Indigenous political discourse, I have discovered that historically the rural masses defended their class interests, especially those related to material concerns such as land, wages, and work, even while embracing an ideology of ethnicity. Through the study of land tenure and political mobilization issues, this project examines the roles of leadership, institutions, economics, and class relations in order to understand the formation of class ideologies and ethnic politics in Ecuador. Although various Indigenous revolts occurred during the colonial period, these were localized and lacked a global vision for social change. In contrast, beginning in the 1920s Indian organizations emerged which understood that immediate and local solutions would not improve their situation, but rather that there must be fundamental structural changes in society. Moving from narrow, local revolts to broad organiza- tional efforts for structural change represented a profound ideological shift which marks the birth of Ecuador's modern Indian movement. -
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
COSMOPOLITAN COMUNEROS: CELEBRATING INDIGENEITY THROUGH THE APPROPRIATION OF URBANITY IN THE QUITO BASIN BY JULIE LYNN WILLIAMS DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Andrew Orta, Chair Professor Emeritus Norman E. Whitten Jr., Director of Research Associate Professor Arlene Torres Associate Professor Martin F. Manalansan IV Abstract My dissertation examines urban indigenous identity in the Quito Basin in contrast to essentialized representations of indigenousness that emanate from emerging multicultural state policy and prominent indigenous movements in Ecuador. Based on ethnographic research I conducted between 2003-2011, I focus on the indigenous identity celebrated in Lumbisí, an urban indigenous community that borders Quito. Dominant national stereotypes of indigeneity position Lumbiseños as culturally and ethnically assimilated members of Ecuadorian society (mestizos) or as unrecognized citizens of the Cumbayá Valley community. By contrast, Lumbiseños reject claims of assimilation and assert an indigenous identity rooted in their communal land rights, ancestry, traditions, and social networks. While Lumbiseños adhere to their own conventional markers of indigeneity, they also depend on urban earned salaries and related social capital to reinvest in their community. I argue that the local indigeneity recognized and -
The Regional Water Fund (FORAGUA): a Regional Program for the Sustainable Conservation of Watersheds and Biodiversity in Southern Ecuador
The Regional Water Fund (FORAGUA): A Regional Program for the Sustainable Conservation of Watersheds and Biodiversity in Southern Ecuador Authors: Renzo Paladines, Fabian Rodas, José Romero, Byron Swift, Luis López, and Matt Clark Nature and Culture International Corresponding author, Renzo Paladines P. [[email protected]] I. Executive Summary The Regional Water Fund of Southern Ecuador (FORAGUA) represents a model of how municipalities of varying size and capacity can act together to form a single integrated water fund as a mechanism to manage water resources. Water funds are mechanisms to finance the management of water catchment areas in order to ensure water quality as well as the retention capacity of mountain ecosystems. In doing so, they also conserve biodiversity and other environmental values of these mountain forests, linking water users to the ecosystems that provide the water they depend upon. This system implements a conservation program planned and funded with resources provided by citizens living within the watersheds, and in doing so, builds local capacity and sustainability. The municipalities that participate in FORAGUA levy fees on water users, which are first aggregated within the FORAGUA trust fund and then used to finance the management and conservation of the municipalities´ watershed forests. Ninety percent of these funds are allocated to the municipalities´ own watersheds; the remaining ten percent is used to fund the operating budget of its Technical Secretariat, which provides oversight and technical assistance to the municipalities. Since FORAGUA was created in 2009, these water fees have generated an average of $388,651 annually to be invested in watershed management and conservation programs.