DOCSLIB.ORG

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of COSMOPOLITAN COMUNEROS: CELEBRATING INDIGENEITY THROUGH THE APPROPRIATION OF URBANITY IN THE QUITO BASIN BY JULIE LYNN WILLIAMS DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Andrew Orta, Chair Professor Emeritus Norman E. Whitten Jr., Director of Research Associate Professor Arlene Torres Associate Professor Martin F. Manalansan IV Abstract My dissertation examines urban indigenous identity in the Quito Basin in contrast to essentialized representations of indigenousness that emanate from emerging multicultural state policy and prominent indigenous movements in Ecuador. Based on ethnographic research I conducted between 2003-2011, I focus on the indigenous identity celebrated in Lumbisí, an urban indigenous community that borders Quito. Dominant national stereotypes of indigeneity position Lumbiseños as culturally and ethnically assimilated members of Ecuadorian society (mestizos) or as unrecognized citizens of the Cumbayá Valley community. By contrast, Lumbiseños reject claims of assimilation and assert an indigenous identity rooted in their communal land rights, ancestry, traditions, and social networks. While Lumbiseños adhere to their own conventional markers of indigeneity, they also depend on urban earned salaries and related social capital to reinvest in their community. I argue that the local indigeneity recognized and practiced within Lumbisí represents a distinct urban indigeneity that selectively draws on urban capital, education, and interactions with non-indigenous others to reinvest in their community and bolster their indigenous identity outside the processes of acculturation, hybridity, and mestizaje. This dissertation contributes to long-standing discussions in the social sciences regarding the apparent tensions between indigeneity and urban modernity with relation to race, class, and emerging concepts of plurinational citizenship in Ecuador. I engage the influential ideologies of the folk-urban continuum (Redfield 1941) and blanqueamiento or the process of cultural and ethnic whitening through assimilation from various academic perspectives (Hurtado 2007, Quijia et al 2006, Stutzman 1981, Whitten 1981, Whitten 2003), which correlate increased indigenous contact with urban spaces with the loss of indigenous culture in favor of modernity and an ii idealized mestizo citizenship. In the case of Lumbisí, I argue that the more contact indigenous people experience within the city, the stronger and more empowered their indigenous identity becomes. I demonstrate that urban indigenous peoples choose to reinvest in their home community and identity by appropriating urban capital and prestige goods as an integral part of their indigeneity without implications of assimilation. I also provide insight to local symbolic, ideological, and performative interpretations of urban and global experiences in Lumbisí through the ritual analysis of large-scale, local festival production. Building upon recent Ecuadorianist research that underscores festivals as sites for the negotiation of new forms of rural indigeneity (e.g. Corr 2004, 2010, Wogan 2003, Wibbelsman 2005, 2008, and Fine-Dare 2006), my dissertation examines comparable processes in an overlooked urban case. iii To the people of the Comuna San Bartolomé de Lumbisí, especially the abuelitos, whose stories give these pages their meaning. Dios le pague. iv Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge and give my sincere gratitude to the “village” of people that helped me throughout my journey to achieve this milestone. This village spans many geographic spaces and time and consists of a vast range of people including academics and non-academics, mentors, colleagues, family, neighbors, and friends, who chose to believe in a little tomboy from the deep, rural south, and her ability to achieve great things. While this journey has delivered tremendous highs and lows, triumphs and defeats, gifts and sacrifices, the people in my village never wavered in their support of me. I could never thank everyone enough for all they have done, but I would like to share my success with that entire village and credit the people within it for helping me achieve my goals. The Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad Fellowship and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Graduate College Dissertation Travel Grant funded my principal ethnographic research period from August 2007-August 2009. These funding opportunities provided me the economic means and afforded me the luxury to concentrate solely on my research and accomplish my project’s goals. The Tinker Foundation and the UIUC’s Anthropology Department’s Summer Research Fund provided four summers of preliminary ethnographic and archival research in Lumbisí and Quito from 2004-2006. These summer research opportunities enriched my dissertation research and provided an incredibly strong foundation from which to begin the larger project. I especially would like to thank the people of Lumbisí, the heart of this project, who gave me the chance to live with them and trusted me with their words after many years of shared work, stories, and meals. They taught me to see, understand, and appreciate their lifestyle and community. I am indebted to the people of Lumbisí and only hope that this dissertation serves as a beginning of my repayment for their generosity. Don Luis Cajas and family, Don Miguel v Ángel and Doña Alegría Cusi and family, Don Calisto Ushiña and family have always welcomed me into their homes and shared their amazing experiences with me. They created my home away from home and accepted me as family. I will forever be grateful to them. My family has been a pillar of strength and support during this entire process. My parents, Al and Sue Williams, endured every failure and celebrated each success with me along the way, despite the geographical distance that kept us apart. I adore them for giving me the space to pursue my dreams and goals as I envisioned them, not as traditional southern gender roles dictate. I am grateful for and inspired by my uncle, Lewis Williams, who has supported my academic career from beginning to end and has contributed to one of the service projects with which I am heavily involved, El Comedor Maria Auxilidora, in Lumbisí. My brothers Alan, Tim, and Andy Williams have also been a source of comfort and understanding when times were tough. I also want to thank my “sister” Christine McDonald Williams, for taking care of me, sharing her home, and for being an amazing friend. In Quito, I extend my gratitude to the families, who embraced me and adopted me into their homes and hearts. My original host-mother Marcia Bonilla and host-sister María Belén Tinajero, have remained sources of incredible support and friendship over the last fifteen years. Paulina Terán González, who I met as my program director during my 1997 exchange program at the Universidad San Francisco de Quito, has played a crucial role in developing my academic interests and professional anthropology career, while becoming a dear family friend. She has always provided insight, moral support, and a place to call “home” away from home. These women serve as the professional and personal role models that I will always cherish and admire. I also recognize and show my deepest gratitude to the long term assistance provided by the Universidad San Francisco de Quito. I am especially indebted to Carlos Montúfar and Diego vi Quiroga, both UIUC alum, who have always expressed interest and support in my project in Lumbisí. Additionally, I thank María del Carmen Molestina for guiding me to UIUC and her early support of my research and studies. Without their support, my research would have never gotten off the ground. As a first generation PhD, I needed academic guidance, support, professional advice, and encouragement along the way, and I was very fortunate to find all of that and more in my dissertation committee. Each member of my committee, Andrew Orta, Norman E. Whitten, Jr., Arlene Torres, and Martin Manalansan IV, offered their unique areas of expertise to help me complete my best thesis. I am indebted to my dissertation committee chair, Andrew Orta, who challenged me to see beyond the borders of Ecuador to grasp the big picture of identity in relation to colonialism, nationalism, and class in the Andes. He helped me broaden my research scope and continuously pushed me to be a better scholar. For his incredible patience, time, and investment in me and my project, I am truly thankful. Norman E. Whitten Jr., my director of dissertation research, has been an invaluable mentor and has given his time selflessly to see this project through to completion. His prolific knowledge of Ecuador and attention to detail have enhanced these chapters and my foundation in Ecuadorian studies beyond measure. Arlene Torres not only offered amazing insight to race, class, and power in Latin America and the Caribbean, but also stood as a strong, female mentor throughout this experience. I am very grateful to her for all of our talks, her ability to help me understand even when I felt my world was upside-down, her constant support, and her guidance. Martin Manalansan IV provided his expertise on socio-linguistic analysis and identity as well as sensory anthropology. He gave me the space to develop my ideas and offered constructive feedback that helped strengthen my position. I thank Martin for always being the voice of reason and for keeping me focused on vii moving forward, rather than falling back. Finally, I would like to thank a fifth, honorary member of my committee, Elizabeth Spears, the graduate program coordinator in the Anthropology Department. Liz always takes the time to help all graduate students in our department through every step of the graduation process. I cannot thank her enough for all of her time and dedication. I feel very fortunate to have worked within a larger academic network, which has influenced my work tremendously over the years.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fall 2002 CELOP Faculty and Staff 112 Boston Puzzle Solution 115 2 from the Director • Credits Fall 2002
    Contents SB From the Director • Credits 2 Countries Represented at CELOP 3 Semester Book Elective Class • At Work 4 Boston Places Puzzle 7 CELOP Pizza Party 8 Art Workshops 10 Student Profiles 14 CELOP Fashion 26 “Halloween,” by Ximena Silva • Pumpkin Painting 30 CELOP Essay Contest Winners 36 Gian Carlo Rotondo • Carlos Martinez Franky • Hae Eun Shin • Evangelos Koufallakis Seon-Min Lee • Hong Ouyang • Michael Zimmerman • Ji Hyun Kim Collage, by Stephanie Wendratno 44 Class Photos 46 Student Writing “New York City,” by Nasuka Hayashi 60 “Trip to Killington, VT,” by Diego De Lamo 62 “Long Weekend to Niagara Falls,” by Hong Ouyang 63 “The Christian Science Center,” by Stephanie Hellenbroich 64 “My First Day in Boston,” by Ahmad S. Khalifa 65 “My First Impression of Boston,” by Mohammed Dantata 65 Boston @ Night 66 “Shake that Booty,” by Andreina De Lamo 67 “Summer Nights at Harvard,” by Diana Genoves 68 Japanese Cultural Reception (Hosei) 70 Student Essays “Most Important Holiday in China,” by Hong Ouyang 72 “My Most Important Holiday,” by Hyun Ah Hwang 75 “Eid Al Fitr,” by Noura Al Kalbani 76 “Ramadan,” by Lubna Bukhamseen 77 “Burj Al Arab Hotel in Dubai,” by Ahmad S. Khalifah 78 “The Big Dig is a Good Idea,” by mana Teramoto 80 “The Big Dig from a Foreigner’s Eyes,” by Peng Zhang 80 “Two Countries, Two Policies,” by Han Kil Oh 81 “Moral Hazard on Wall Street,” by Nancy Yin 81 “Insider Trading,” by Aya Segawa 82 “How to Go to Graduate School,” by Stephanie Hellenbroich 83 “Dreams,” by Claudia DiGiacomo 83 “My Daughter,” by Hyun ah Hwang 84 “Sports Professionals’ Salaries,” by Alejandro Curiel Zarraga 85 Recipe: Tuwon Shinkafa, by Mohammed Dantata 85 “Interview with Ramon Valenzuela” & “Procedure for TOEFL,” by Ryo Fukumori 86 “Sample TOEFL Essay,” by Carol Wang 87 Interviews “Look Alike, Twins or Not?” by Stephanie Wendratno & Natsuka Hayashi 88 “Advice from a Former Student,” by Ahmad S.
    [Show full text]
  • Annona Cherimola Mill.) and Highland Papayas (Vasconcellea Spp.) in Ecuador
    Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Academiejaar 2001 – 2002 DISTRIBUTION AND POTENTIAL OF CHERIMOYA (ANNONA CHERIMOLA MILL.) AND HIGHLAND PAPAYAS (VASCONCELLEA SPP.) IN ECUADOR VERSPREIDING EN POTENTIEEL VAN CHERIMOYA (ANNONA CHERIMOLA MILL.) EN HOOGLANDPAPAJA’S (VASCONCELLEA SPP.) IN ECUADOR ir. Xavier SCHELDEMAN Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor (Ph.D.) in Applied Biological Sciences Proefschrift voorgedragen tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen Op gezag van Rector: Prof. dr. A. DE LEENHEER Decaan: Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. O. VAN CLEEMPUT Prof. dr. ir. P. VAN DAMME The author and the promotor give authorisation to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Any other use is limited by Laws of Copyright. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. De auteur en de promotor geven de toelating dit doctoraatswerk voor consultatie beschikbaar te stellen en delen ervan te kopiëren voor persoonlijk gebruik. Elk ander gebruik valt onder de beperkingen van het auteursrecht, in het bijzonder met betrekking tot de verplichting uitdrukkelijk de bron vermelden bij het aanhalen van de resultaten uit dit werk. Prof. dr. ir. P. Van Damme X. Scheldeman Promotor Author Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences Department Plant Production Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany Coupure links 653 B-9000 Ghent Belgium Acknowledgements __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgements After two years of reading, data processing, writing and correcting, this Ph.D. thesis is finally born. Like Veerle’s pregnancy of our two children, born during this same period, it had its hard moments relieved luckily enough with pleasant ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5 – Date
    Chapter 5 – Date Luckily, most of the problems involving time have mostly been solved and packed away in software and hardware where we, and our customers overseas, do not have to deal with it. Thanks to standardization, if a vender in Peking wants to call a customer in Rome, he checks the Internet for the local time. As far as international business goes, it’s generally 24/7 anyway. Calendars on the other hand, are another matter. You may know what time it is in Khövsgöl, Mongolia, but are you sure what day it is, if it is a holiday, or even what year it is? The purpose of this chapter is to make you aware of just how many active calendars there are out there in current use and of the short comings of our Gregorian system as we try to apply it to the rest of the world. There just isn’t room to review them all so think of this as a kind of around the world in 80 days. There are so many different living calendars, and since the Internet is becoming our greatest library yet, a great many ancient ones that must be accounted for as well. We must consider them all in our collations. As I write this in 2010 by the Gregorian calendar, it is 2960 in Northwest Africa, 1727 in Ethopia, and 4710 by the Chinese calendar. A calendar is a symbol of identity. They fix important festivals and dates and help us share a common pacing in our lives. They are the most common framework a civilization or group of people can have.
    [Show full text]
  • BOOM! Boom! Boom! the Sound of the Huge Drums Beaten with a Loud and Lively Rhythm Stirs the Dragon to Action
    DRAGON TALES Chapter 1 Dragon Tales of Old China BOOM! boom! boom! The sound of the huge drums beaten with a loud and lively rhythm stirs the dragon to action. Shrill blasts from the trumpets add to his frenzy. His long body writhes; his mammoth jaws open and close. He snaps furiously at a huge ball held by one of the men. Angry that he has missed the red ball, the dragon lunges here and there. The crowd scatters, fearful of being struck by the monsters tail, as it lashes from side to side. The drums roll and crash like thunder. The shrieking trumpets make the great dragon seem like a formidable monster. Children and grownups regret to see him come to the end of his wild chase for the ball. Little does it matter to them that the dragon’s head and tail are made only of bamboo covered with colored paper. They forget that his long cloth body, stretching more than fifty feet down the narrow street, is supported by men carrying poles topped by circular frames. Once a year the dragon awakens in old China and roams the streets, going to homes and shops. He eats up the evil spirits, so the people say, and his presence brings good luck during the new year. Is it any wonder, then, that shopkeepers light long strings of firecrackers and offer gifts of food and money to the men who lead the dragon to their stores? This dragon play is one of the many forms of entertainment given in the streets of Chinese cities at the New Year.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Document
    FAO/GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY PROJECT DOCUMENT PROJECT TITLE: Mainstreaming the use and conservation of agrobiodiversity in public policy through integrated strategies and in situ implementation in four Andean Highlands provinces. PROJECT SYMBOL: GCP/ECU/086/GFF Recipient Country: Ecuador Resource Partner: Global Environment Facility (GEF) FAO project ID: 615694 GEF/LDCF/SCCF Project ID: 4777 Executing Partner(s): National Autonomous Agriculture Research Institute of Ecuador Expected EOD (starting date): June 2014 Expected NTE (End date): May 2017 Contribution to FAO’s a. Strategic objective/Organizational Result: Strategic Framework SO-2 (OR-1, OR-2, OR-4), SO-3 (OR-2) b. Regional Result/Priority Area: Biodiversity, Family Farming, Food Security1 c. Country Programming Framework Outcome: Priority area 2. Food and Nutritional Security and Sovereignty; Outcome: FAO contributes to improve the nutritional conditions of the population; Output: In situ and ex situ conservation strategies of plant genetic resources GEF Focal Area/LDCF/SCCF: Biodiversity GEF/LDCF/SCCF Strategic Objectives: BD-2, BD-4 Environmental Impact Assessment Category (insert √): A B C√ Financing Plan: GEF/LDCF/SCCF allocation: USD 1 250 000 Co-financing: FAO USD 667 000 INIAP USD 652 260 Heifer Foundation, Ecuador USD 600 000 Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, USD 95 207 Aquaculture and Fisheries Decentralized Autonomous Governments USD 2 755 300 Local Organizations USD 194 568 Universities USD 1 631 900 Subtotal Co-financing: USD 6 596 235 Total Budget: USD 7 846 235 1 Based on the priority areas for action in Latin America and the Caribbean for the biennium 2014-2015, which are part of 32nd FAO Regional Conference for Latin America and the Caribbean, Buenos Aires, Argentina, March 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Per Ole Christian Steinert 2003
    Copyright by Per Ole Christian Steinert 2003 Dissertation Committee for Per Ole Christian Steinert certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: ETHNIC COMMUNITIES AND ETHNO-POLITICAL STRATEGIES THE STRUGGLE FOR ETHNIC RIGHTS: A COMPARISON OF PERU, ECUADOR AND GUATEMALA Committee: Bryan Roberts, Supervisor Ronald Angel Robert Hummer Henry Selby Peter M. Ward ETHNIC COMMUNITIES AND ETHNO-POLITICAL STRATEGIES THE STRUGGLE FOR ETHNIC RIGHTS: A COMPARISON OF PERU, ECUADOR AND GUATEMALA by Per Ole Christian Steinert, M.A., Siv. Ing., Cand. Real. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2003 DEDICATION To independent thinking … If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and only one person were of a contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind (...) But the peculiar evil of silencing the expression of an opinion is, that it is robbing the human race; posterity as well as the existing generation; those who dissent from the opinion, still more than those who hold it. If the opinion is right, they are deprived of the opportunity of exchanging error for truth: if wrong, they lose, what is almost as great a benefit, the clearer perception and livelier impression of truth, produced by its collision with error. J.S. Mill, On Liberty And to the person involved… The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood, who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions, and spends himself in a worthy cause; who at best, if he wins, knows the thrills of high achievements, and, if he fails, at least fails daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat.
    [Show full text]
  • Gray Dissertation 2008
    OUT-MIGRATION AND RURAL LIVELIHOODS IN THE SOUTHERN ECUADORIAN ANDES Clark Langston Gray A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geography. Chapel Hill 2008 Approved by: Thomas Whitmore Richard Bilsborrow Chirayath Suchindran Stephen Walsh Wendy Wolford ©2008 Clark Langston Gray ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT CLARK GRAY: Out-Migration and Rural Livelihoods in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes (Under the direction of Thomas Whitmore) This work draws on approaches from migration studies and population- environment research to investigate the drivers and consequences of rural out-migration in the southern Ecuadorian Andes, with a focus on connections to agriculture, the environment, and gender. Rural out-migration represents one of the primary forms of human population redistribution over the past century and is an important form of livelihood diversification for many rural households in the developing world. Out- migration commonly occurs in a context of land scarcity or environmental degradation and agricultural production may be further undermined by the loss of household labor to migration, but few quantitative studies have investigated these connections. To address these issues I conducted a household survey in a probability sample of 36 rural communities in southern Loja Province, Ecuador. The survey collected life histories for migrants and non-migrants as well as cross-sectional and retrospective information on household assets and livelihood activities. The household survey was supplemented by a community-level survey and the construction of a geographic information system that provided contextual information.
    [Show full text]
  • 72 Frequently Asked Questions About Participatory Budgeting
    72 Frequently Asked Questions about Participatory Budgeting URBAN GOVERNANCE TOOLKIT SERIES 72 Frequently Asked Questions about Participatory Budgeting 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 GLOBAL CAMPAIGN ON URBAN GOVERNANCE 72 Frequently Asked Questions about Participatory Budgeting 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 GLOBAL CAMPAIGN ON URBAN GOVERNANCE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 I. Institutional Credits This document has been produced under the aegis of UN- HABITAT’s Global Campaign on Urban Governance. Copyright © UN-HABITAT (United Nations Human Settlements Programme) Supervised by © Cover photo. Municipality of Caxias do Sul • Paul Taylor, Chief, Urban Development Branch, UN-HABITAT All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Yantzaza, Ecuador
    Faculty of Environmental Sciences Sustainable Development Model from an economic, social, and agroecological perspective in the Amazon Region: A case study of Yantzaza, Ecuador Dissertation for Awarding the Academic Degree Doctor rerum silvaticarum (Dr. rer. silv) Submitted by Econ. Gonzalo Leonardo Izquierdo Montoya Date and Place of Birth: February 2, 1984, Loja, Ecuador Supervisor 1 Prof. Dr. rer. silv. Norbert Weber Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Forest Economics and Forest Management Supervisor 2 Prof. Dr. rer. silv. Jürgen Pretzsch, Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products Supervisor 3 Prof. Dr. rer. silv. Dietrich Darr Rhein-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences Tharandt, Dresden Date of Submission: July 2017 Initiator of the thesis: Prof. Dr. agr., Dr. rer. silv. Franz Makeschin Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of soil science and site ecology i Declaration: I, Gonzalo Izquierdo Montoya hereby declare that this PhD thesis entitled “Sustainable Development Model from economic, social, agro ecological perspective in the Amazon Region: A case of study of Yantzaza-Ecuador” is my own original work and all other sources of information used are duly acknowledged. This thesis and any parts of it have never been submitted to any other university for any academic award Gonzalo Izquierdo Montoya Dresden, July 2017 ii Acknowledgements This research was performed thanks to the data gathering that was carried out in the Province of Zamora Chinchipe, in the south of the Ecuadorian Amazon, i.e. specifically the Yantzaza canton from 2012 to 2013. In addition, other work was executed with the local communities during the outreach and knowledge exchange process in 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Version of Observances Calendar
    January National Mentoring Month National Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month 2021 This calendar is not all encompassing and hoping to grow in inclusion. For additions to this holiday, observances, and local cultural events calendar (or suggestions for modification), please submit them to this form: https://bit.ly/2DAdL2C Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 Kwanzaa World Introvert Day New Year’s Day Solemnity of Mary 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 World Braille Day Día de los Reyes, Three Russian Orthodox Kings Day, or Epiphany Christmas The Frontline Mass Calls: Learn, Connect, Act 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Korean American Day Maghi National Religious The Frontline Mass Calls: Makar Sankranti Freedom Day Learn, Connect, Act Old New Year or Orthodox New Year 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 World Religion Day Martin Luther King, Jr. Bodhi Day Day Inauguration Day MLK Jr. Marade 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 International Day of Tu B’Shevat Tu B’Shevat Education International Holocaust Remembrance Day 31 February Black History & Heritage Month 2021 This calendar is not all encompassing and hoping to grow in inclusion. For additions to this holiday, observances, and local cultural events calendar (or suggestions for modification), please submit them to this form: https://bit.ly/2DAdL2C Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 National Freedom Day Imbolc Imbolc 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Chinese New Year or Lunar New Year 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 St. Valentine’s Day President’s Day Mardi Gras Ash Wednesday Lent Lent Lent Lent 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Lent Lent Lent Lent Lent Lent Lent Purim Purim Lantern Festival 28 Lent March March 13 – April 15: Deaf History Month National Multiple Sclerosis Education and Awareness Month Women’s History Month Irish-American Heritage Month 2021 National Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month This calendar is not all encompassing and hoping to grow in inclusion.
    [Show full text]
  • Journeying Toward Care for Our Common Home
    INTERDICASTERIAL WORKING GROUP The Interdicasterial Working Group The world has been shaken by the crisis created by OF THE HOLY SEE ON INTEGRAL ECOLOGY “The urgent challenge to protect of the Holy See on Integral Ecolo- the Covid-19 pandemic, which has led to the death of our common home includes a gy was established in 2015 for the many thousands of people and is changing our way of concern to bring the whole hu- study, promotion and implemen- life. At this difficult time, which will certainly bring man family together to seek a tation of integral ecology in the sustainable and integral develop- changes to the societies in which we live, we are called light of Laudato Si’. It brings to- HOME ment, for we know that things can gether institutions associated with to care for one another and to avoid becoming closed change… It is my hope that this the Holy See, Episcopal Confer- in on ourselves. The crisis we are experiencing makes Encyclical Letter … can help us to ences and Catholic organizations ever more evident – five years after its publication – acknowledge the appeal, immen- involved in this area. the importance of the Encyclical Letter Laudato Si’ sity and urgency of the challenge that Pope Francis wrote on care for our common home, we face”. COMMON which teaches that everything is connected within the POPE FRANCIS, Laudato Si’ lens of integral ecology. Seriously facing the causes (n. 13, 15), 24 May 2015 OUR of this crisis will require a real change of direction and JOURNEYING a spiritual conversion which can lead to a renewed FOR awareness of our relation with ourselves, with others, TOWARDS CARE FOR with society, with creation and with God.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Peoples and State Formation in Modern Ecuador
    1 Indigenous Peoples and State Formation in Modern Ecuador A. KIM CLARK AND MARC BECKER The formal political system is in crisis in Ecuador: the twentieth century ended with a four-year period that saw six different governments. Indeed, between 1997 and 2005, four of nine presidents in Latin America who were removed through irregular procedures were in Ecuador.1 Sociologist Leon Zamosc calls Ecuador “one of the most, if not the most, unstable country in Latin America.”2 At the same time, the Ecuadorian Indian movement made important gains in the last decade of the twentieth century, and for at least some sectors of society, at the turn of the twenty-first century had more pres- tige than traditional politicians did. The fact that Ecuador has a national-level indigenous organization sets it apart from other Latin American countries. National and international attention was drawn to this movement in June 1990, when an impressive indigenous uprising paralyzed the country for sev- eral weeks. Grassroots members of the Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas del Ecuador (CONAIE, Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador) marched on provincial capitals and on Quito, kept their agricul- tural produce off the market, and blocked the Pan-American Highway, the country’s main north-south artery. The mobilization was organized to draw attention to land disputes in the Ecuadorian Amazon (Oriente) and highlands (Sierra), and ended when the government agreed to negotiate a 16-point agenda presented by CONAIE.3 Since 1990, Ecuadorian Indians have become increasingly involved in national politics, not just through “uprising politics,” but also through 1 © 2007 University of Pittsburgh Press.
    [Show full text]