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Tonnare in Italy: Science, History, and Culture of Sardinian Tuna Fishing 1
Tonnare in Italy: Science, History, and Culture of Sardinian Tuna Fishing 1 Katherine Emery The Mediterranean Sea and, in particular, the cristallina waters of Sardinia are confronting a paradox of marine preservation. On the one hand, Italian coastal resources are prized nationally and internationally for their natural beauty as well as economic and recreational uses. On the other hand, deep-seated Italian cultural values and traditions, such as the desire for high-quality fresh fish in local cuisines and the continuity of ancient fishing communities, as well as the demands of tourist and real-estate industries, are contributing to the destruction of marine ecosystems. The synthesis presented here offers a unique perspective combining historical, scientific, and cultural factors important to one Sardinian tonnara in the context of the larger global debate about Atlantic bluefin tuna conservation. This article is divided into four main sections, commencing with contextual background about the Mediterranean Sea and the culture, history, and economics of fish and fishing. Second, it explores as a case study Sardinian fishing culture and its tonnare , including their history, organization, customs, regulations, and traditional fishing method. Third, relevant science pertaining to these fisheries’ issues is reviewed. Lastly, the article considers the future of Italian tonnare and marine conservation options. Fish and fishing in the Mediterranean and Italy The word ‘Mediterranean’ stems from the Latin words medius [middle] and terra [land, earth]: middle of the earth. 2 Ancient Romans referred to it as “ Mare nostrum ” or “our sea”: “the territory of or under the control of the European Mediterranean countries, especially Italy.” 3 Today, the Mediterranean Sea is still an important mutually used resource integral to littoral and inland states’ cultures and trade. -
Tharros – Capo San Marco in the Phoenician and Punic Age
Archeologia e Calcolatori 28.2, 2017, 321-331 THARROS – CAPO SAN MARCO IN THE PHOENICIAN AND PUNIC AGE. GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND VIRTUAL REBUILDING The Phoenician and Punic colony of Tharros in the Gulf of Oristano, in the mid-west of Sardinia, is distinguished by an archaic phase dating back to the beginning of the 7th century BC; it is documented by the tofet findings, on the hill of Murru Mannu, and by the incineration and inhumation tombs located in the cemeterial areas in Capo San Marco, to the S, and in the vil- lage of San Giovanni di Sinis to the N. The period of maximum development and monumentalization was during the 6th century BC, when Tharros was probably the Qarthadasht of Sardinia, the administrative capital of Carthage (Fariselli in press). A few sacred public buildings in the city center and multiple hypogeal funerary structures date back to the Punic phase, which is, therefore, only partially known for the site. The archaeological evidence in the urban area intra muros mainly refers to the Roman and early medieval periods. The city was definitively abandoned around the year 1000 AD due to likely geomorphological problems still to be fully defined, maybe land or mudslides towards the gulf. The Saracens’ incursions could also be one of the reasons of the progressive depopulation in favor of the more protected hinterland (Del Vais 2015, 44). The systematic spoliation of the city’s buildings, used as a quarry for a long time, make the reconstruction of the population and frequentation’s phases very complex. The Chair for Phoenician-Punic Archaeology at the University of Bolo- gna, under my own direction, has resumed investigations on the field since 2012. -
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Archaeometric Researches on the Provenance of Mediterranean Archaic Phoenician and Punic Pottery --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: ESPR-D-15-05757R1 Full Title: Archaeometric Researches on the Provenance of Mediterranean Archaic Phoenician and Punic Pottery Article Type: Research Article Corresponding Author: Maria Letizia Amadori, M.D. university of urbino Urbino, Pesaro ITALY Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: university of urbino Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Maria Letizia Amadori, M.D. First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Maria Letizia Amadori, M.D. Carla Del Vais, PhD Paola Fermo, PhD Paolo Pallante, PhD Order of Authors Secondary Information: Funding Information: Abstract: The aim of this study is to set up a first chemical database that could represent the starting point for a reliable classification method to discriminate between Archaic Phoenician and Punic pottery on the base of their chemical data. This database up to now can discriminate between several different area of production and provenance and can be applied also to unknown ceramic samples of comparable age and production areas. More than one hundred ceramic fragments were involved in this research, coming from various archaeological sites having a crucial importance in the context of the Phoenician and Punic settlement in central and western Mediterranean: Carthage (Tunisia), Toscanos (South Andalusia, Spain), Sulci, Monte Sirai, Othoca, Tharros and Pithecusa (Italy). Since long time archaeologists hypothesized that Mediterranean Archaic Phoenician and Punic pottery had a local or just a regional diffusion, with the exception of some particular class like transport amphorae. To verify the pottery provenance, statistical analyses were carried out to define the existence of different ceramic compositional groups characterized by a local origin or imported from other sites. -
Istock - Getty Images LATIUM
82 Rome, Colosseum, © belenox - iStock - Getty Images LATIUM Latium is an area worth getting to know, beaches, the lovely cli's, all along the a land rich in blends of art, culture and coastline, from Tarquinia beach to the nature, the crossroads of Mediterranean white sand of Sabaudia with its famous civilization and of Etruscan, Sabine, Sam- dunes, to the clear waters of San Felice al nite, Campanian and Latin peoples. The Circeo and Sperlonga, an authentic region probably got its name from the Tyrrhenian fishing village, down to Gae- Latins, whose most recent history min- ta, with its split mountain overhanging gles with that of Rome and the Pontifical the sea. There are very charming under- State, the Terra del Lavoro and the King- water itineraries along the lovely seabeds dom of the Two Sicilies. A compound of the Pontine islands, to underwater memory that only a few dozen years ago caves, fields of posidonia, lobsters and recovered its role as a unique tourist at- even submerged shipwrecks. traction, together with that of the capital The counterpoint to the sea are the city. Nowadays the region stands out beautiful mountains, rich in avifauna and with its many charms, from spas to spec- biodiversity, which mark out the region’s tacular lakes, from gentle hilly scenery to ridge and follow its outline from the bor- charming beaches, from archaeology ders of Tuscany to Campania, from the and art to the great wealth of traditions. Rieti salt road to the Abruzzo National Latium is a wonderland, the essence of Park. Then there are the Monti della Laga natural beauty, historic remains and a and della Duchessa, the magical Simbru- variety of food and wine related to the ini mountains, the heart of Latium, the soil and the simplicity and wholesome- Ausoni mountains and the Aurunci, ness of the crops. -
UNIONE TESI Enrico Paliaga Consegna
University of Cagliari DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN SCIENZE DELLA TERRA Ciclo XXVIII UPPER SLOPE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF SARDINIAN SOUTHERN CONTINENTAL MARGIN, APPLICATIONS TO HABITAT MAPPING SUPPORTING MARINE STRATEGY Scientific disciplinary field: GEO/04 Presented by: Dott. Enrico Maria Paliaga PhD coordinator: Prof. Marcello Franceschelli Tutor: Prof. Paolo Emanuele Orrù academic year 2014 - 2015 Enrico M. Paliaga gratefully acknowledges Sardinia Regional Government for the financial support of his PhD scholarship (P.O.R. Sardegna F.S.E. Operational Programme of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia, European Social Fund 2007–2013 —Axis IV Human Resources, Objective l.3, Line of Activity l.3.1.) 2 3 Sommario GEOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION .................................................................... 7 REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL SETTING ............................................................ 9 2.1 PALEOZOIC METHAMORFIC BASEMENT ..................................... 12 2.2MESOZOIC AND PALAEOGENE COVERS ...................................... 18 2.3 OLIGO-MIOCENE TECTONICS ......................................................... 18 2.3.1 Sardinian Rift Setting ....................................................................... 21 2.4 Upper Miocene – Pliocene ...................................................................... 23 2.5 Pleistocene .............................................................................................. 24 2.6 Holocene ................................................................................................ -
Mineralogical-Petrographic and Physical-Mechanical Features
minerals Article Mineralogical-Petrographic and Physical-Mechanical Features of the Construction Stones in Punic and Roman Temples of Antas (SW Sardinia, Italy): Provenance of the Raw Materials and Conservation State Stefano Columbu , Emanuela Gaviano, Luca Giacomo Costamagna and Dario Fancello * Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (E.G.); [email protected] (L.G.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Antas site (SW Sardinia, Italy) is of fundamental cultural importance because it testifies the presence of Nuragic, Punic and Roman civilizations from the second millennium to the third century BC. This work focuses on the Punic and the Roman temples and aims to define their conservation state and provenance of construction materials through their minero-petrographic and physical-mechanical characterization. In addition, artificial geomaterials used in restoration works comprising a partial anastylosis and a consolidation intervention on the monument, were investigated to evaluate the aesthetic, petrographic and petrophysical compatibility with the original materials. The results indicate that Punic builders preferred to use a porous sandstone coming from Citation: Columbu, S.; Gaviano, E.; at least few kilometres away from the site. By contrast, Roman builders opted for the use of the less Costamagna, L.G.; Fancello, D. porous and harder local metadolostones, more difficult to quarry and to hew but promptly available Mineralogical-Petrographic and Physical-Mechanical Features of the in the surrounding area. The Roman temple still preserves decorative architectural elements (as Construction Stones in Punic and the Pronao threshold and the mosaic tesserae) whose source is definitely not local, suggesting the Roman Temples of Antas (SW import of these materials. -
Obesity in Mediterranean Islands
Obesity in Mediterranean Islands Supervisor: Triantafyllos Pliakas Candidate number: 108693 Word count: 9700 Project length: Standard Submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in Public Health (Health Promotion) September 2015 i CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background on Obesity ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Negative Impact of Obesity ..................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 The Physical and Psychological ....................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Economic Burden ............................................................................................ 2 1.3 Obesity in Mediterranean Islands ............................................................................ 2 1.3.1 Obesity in Europe and the Mediterranean region ............................................. 2 1.3.2 Obesogenic Islands ......................................................................................... 3 1.4 Rationale ................................................................................................................ 3 2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 4 3 METHODS .................................................................................................................... -
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UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI “FEDERICO II” PhD thesis “Marine organisms model species for the assessment of biological, environmental and economic impacts on marine aquaculture in Campania” Coordinatore Candidato Tutor Prof. Dott. ssa Dott. Giuseppe Cringoli Sara Fioretti Francesco Paolo Patti Prof. Aniello Anastasio “First, think. Second, believe. Third, dream. And finally, dare. If you can dream it, you can do it” Walt Disney Index Abbreviations list ......................................................................................13 Figures list .................................................................................................15 Tables list ...................................................................................................17 Abstract .....................................................................................................19 Introduction ..............................................................................................23 I Aquaculture in Campania: from the origin to the current times ..........25 II Aquaculture today: global and European trend ..................................27 III Aquaculture in Italy ...........................................................................30 IV Aquaculture in Campania ..................................................................31 V Mussel farms: breeding systems .........................................................33 VI Mussel farms threats and future perspectives for the Campanian industries ................................................................................................35 -
Phoenician and Punic Amphorae from S'urachi
Phoenician and Punic Amphorae from S’Urachi (San Vero Milis, Sardinia) Andrea Roppa, Emanuele Madrigali, Alfonso Stiglitz, and Peter van Dommelen Context Amphora typologies: chronological aspects The site of S’Urachi in west-central Sardinia was continuously inhabited between the Bronze Age and the Roman early Slightly later is the chronology of a rim fragment of a T-2.1.1.1. = B5 amphora type, which goes back to the first half of the 7th The overall distribution of Phoenician and Punic amphora types from the excavations in sectors E and D at S’Urachi points to Imperial period. Past research at the site has already shed light on the gradual transformations the settlement underwent century BC. From the western Mediterranean, traditionally associated to production areas at the Phoenician settlements in a substantial increase in the presence of amphorae from the late 7th century BC, as shown by the chronological profile based throughout the Iron Age, when interaction with Phoenician newcomers resulted in substantial changes in the indigenous Andalusia, are two rim fragments of type T-10.1.2.1., dated to the mid 7th – early 6th century BC. on a weighted mean of a 25-year chronological reference unit (fig. 6). community (fig. 1). Since 2013 ongoing excavations, jointly supported by the museum of San Vero Milis and the Joukowsky From the late 7th century BC and throughout the 6th century BC, Phoenician amphorae were much more abundant at Phoenician and Punic Amphorae. Institute of Brown University have brought to light securely stratified contexts and a large assemblage of primarily ceramic S’Urachi, as is evident from 18 fragments of type T-2.1.1.2. -
Morph Ratio of Eleonora's Falcons in Sicily
Notes All Notes submitted to British Birds are subject to independent review, either by the Notes Panel or by the BB Editorial Board.Those considered appropriate for BB will be published either here or on our website (www.britishbirds.co.uk) subject to the availability of space. Morph ratio of Eleonora’s Falcons in Sicily The Eleonora’s Falcon Falco eleonorae is a long- the Columbretes Islands (Spain) the figure was distance migrant whose breeding range is 13–18% (Ristow et al. 1989, 1998). Other studies concentrated in the Mediterranean, with some have reported the following ratios of dark- colonies on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. The morph birds: 4.5% for Salé (Morocco) (Walter species has a light and a dark morph in both & Deetjen 1967); 40% in the Balearic Islands juvenile and adult plumages, although the (Majol 1977); 3.1% for the Columbretes Islands existence of an intermediate morph (as reported (Dolz & Dies 1987); 9–15% for San Pietro island in some field guides, e.g. Clark 1999) is (Sardinia) (Spina 1992); and 21% in coastal questioned (Ristow et al. 1998, 2000; Forsman Tuscany (Giovacchini & Celletti 1997). 1999; Conzemius 2000). In this note, we During migration studies at the Strait of examine the morph ratio at Sicilian breeding Messina in April–May, the proportion of dark colonies. birds was 33% in 1997 (n=21), 29% in 1998 We surveyed all the colonies located in the (n=24) and 33% in 1999 (n=24) (Corso 2001, Aeolian Islands, north of Sicily (Panarea, Salina, 2005, in prep.). The birds migrating over Alicudi and Filicudi), and the Pelagie Islands, Messina surely belong predominantly to the south of Sicily, between Malta and Tunisia Aeolian colonies and the morph ratio is similar (Lampedusa Island), making up to 15 visits per to that recorded in this archipelago. -
The Case of the Beachflea Orchestia Montagui
Pavesi et al. Frontiers in Zoology 2013, 10:21 http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/10/1/21 RESEARCH Open Access Genetic connectivity between land and sea: the case of the beachflea Orchestia montagui (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) in the Mediterranean Sea Laura Pavesi1,2, Ralph Tiedemann1, Elvira De Matthaeis2 and Valerio Ketmaier1,2* Abstract Introduction: We examined patterns of genetic divergence in 26 Mediterranean populations of the semi-terrestrial beachflea Orchestia montagui using mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I), microsatellite (eight loci) and allozymic data. The species typically forms large populations within heaps of dead seagrass leaves stranded on beaches at the waterfront. We adopted a hierarchical geographic sampling to unravel population structure in a species living at the sea-land transition and, hence, likely subjected to dramatically contrasting forces. Results: Mitochondrial DNA showed historical phylogeographic breaks among Adriatic, Ionian and the remaining basins (Tyrrhenian, Western and Eastern Mediterranean Sea) likely caused by the geological and climatic changes of the Pleistocene. Microsatellites (and to a lesser extent allozymes) detected a further subdivision between and within the Western Mediterranean and the Tyrrhenian Sea due to present-day processes. A pattern of isolation by distance was not detected in any of the analyzed data set. Conclusions: We conclude that the population structure of O. montagui is the result of the interplay of two contrasting forces that act on the species population genetic structure. On one hand, the species semi-terrestrial life style would tend to determine the onset of local differences. On the other hand, these differences are partially counter-balanced by passive movements of migrants via rafting on heaps of dead seagrass leaves across sites by sea surface currents. -
40569 Fall 2012 29056GRIAA Papfall07 9/4/12 8:05 AM Page 1
40569 fall 2012_29056GRIAA_PapFall07 9/4/12 8:05 AM Page 1 Funded by the Greater Rockford Italian American Association - GRIAA Fall 2012 P.O. Box 1915 • Rockford, Illinois 61110-0415 Greater Rockford Italian American Association Hall of Fame & Special Recognition Banquet October 6, 2012 Giovanniʼs Restaurant Dinner $30.00 per person Social hour from 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. Please see page 2 for the menu and information on how to make a reservation for the event. Hall of Fame Awards for 2012 are: Dr. Albert L. Pumilia Amici Italian Adult Group and Amici Italian Youth Group 40569 fall 2012_29056GRIAA_PapFall07 9/4/12 8:05 AM Page 2 Pappagallo ’12 Pappagallo ’12 2 continued on next page 40569 fall 2012_29056GRIAA_PapFall07 9/4/12 8:05 AM Page 3 Pappagallo ’12 Pappagallo ’12 Italian Hall of Fame Awardees for 2012 Dr. Albert L. Pumilia father into dentistry. Dr. Pumilia continues to teach at the Dental Careers Foundations where he has trained more than 300 dental assistants. He recently published an e-book “Your Travel Companion: A Chapbook of Short Stories”, where he depicts several historical incidences in the Rockford Italian Community. Dr. Albert L. Pumilia, a retired Rockford dentist, will also be inducted into the Hall of Fame. Over the years he has and continues to significantly impact the Italian-American community. Dr. Pumilia is a longtime Festa Italiana volunteer, and active in parish activities at St. Anthony of Padua Church. He has positively impacted the community by play- ing integral roles in the formation of the local Head Start Program and in the establishment of Crusader Dental Clinic.