:/V ( e r < ¿ t i e

r Vol. I. N ew S e r i e s — No. 1. W h o l e V o l . V.

THE MADRAS CHRISTIAN INSTRUCTOR

AND jHdssionare Recar*.

JANUARY, 1847.

C o n te n ts . ESSAVS, ETC. RELIGIOUS AND MISSIdNARV INTEL LIGBNCE. Signs of the Times, 1 The Redemption of Time, 16 H omk—Scotland, C 39 Review—The Lord Bishop and the Bible F okkion—South S fw r W hJ ot of a Bi- Compared: or, Unitarian urn the Ca­ - shop —Syria ^^JflM ^jBw Pong the tholic and Apostolic Faith, 25 Nestoriaos—^JPVKmopIe Scene in Biography—lhief Sketch of the Life and a Prison—Persecution in Madeira—Jn- Labours of the late Rev. W . P. Cuook, 30 cruase and Persecution of Protectants in the Turkfsh Dominions, 39—43 MISCELLANEOUS SELECTIONS. O riental—B engal—State of the Native Press in Caloutta—China—Madras— Lord Kosso'ri Telescope, 32 Examination of Bp. Coirie's Grammar The New Planet, 33 School—Examination of the Schools The Great Western in a Hurricane, • 34 of the Londo-i Missionary Society— Destructive Hurricane iu Rarotonga, 3d St. Andrew’s Parochial School—Bap­ The Magnetic Telegraph, 3t> tisms, 44, 45 THINGS NEW AND OLD. OBITUARY. The Giigin of Evil, 36 Caroline Fry, Thomas Clarkson, Mr*. Letter to a Dying Sister, 37 Muzzy, and Rev. J. J. Lawrence, 46,47 Notice of a New Work, POETRY.IV. Ecclesiastical Movements, A Lay in Season, 38 Monthly Missionary Prayer Meeting,

z ? '

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NOTICES OF MEETINGS.

T h e Missionary Prayer Meeting is held alternately at the Scotch Church, Davidson Street Chapel, Wesleyan Chapel, and Free General Assembly’s Institution, on the first Monday evening of each month. The Missionary Coherence is held alternately at the houses of the Members on the second Monday evening of each month. The General Committee of the Bible Society meet at the Depository Booms, at six o'clock p . m . on the third Monday of each month. The General Committee of the Tract and Book Society meet at the Office of Messrs Bainbridge and Co., at six o'clock p. m., on the last Monday of each month.

NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS. T h e Review 4f the late Roman Catholic Meeting in Madras has been received, we regret, too late for our present Number, but we hope to give it early insertion. The Memnir of Viswanaden has been received, and is under consideration. The letter to a Christian Friend from our worthy correspondent at Manargoody has come to hand ; and will probably have early insertion.

VALUABLE BOOKS BY RECENT ARRIVALS. T he undersigned has the pleasure to announce the receipt of an Extensive and valuable collection of choice Publications, chiefly Theological, which have been put up to express order, and well merit the attention of Gentlemen furnishing their Libraries with Copy-right Publications. Among them are the following: Kitto’s Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, 2 vols. half calf, extra, 42 R s.; Baxter’s Practical Works, 4 vols. half calf, 50 Rs.; Archbishop Tillots'on’s Works, 10 vols. half calf, 60 Rs.; Moses Stuart’s Works, comprising his Commentaries on the Apocalypse, Hebrews, Romans, &c. in 5 vols. half calf, 42 Rs.; Magee’s Works, 2 Vols. half calf, 16 Rs.; Dr. Isaac Barrow’s Works, 3 vols. half calf, 21 Rs.; Cudworth’s Intellectual System of the Universe, 3 vols. half calf, 32 Rs.; Cecil’s Works, 2 vols. cloth, 12 Rs.; Stackhouse’s History of the Bible, 1 vol. half calf, 25 R s.; Chalmer’s Theological Works, 15 vols. cloth, 48 Rs.; Robinson’s Biblical Researches in Palestine, 3 vols. 28 R s.; Doddridge’s Family Expositor, 1 vol. half calf, 13 R s.; Matthew Henry’s Commentary on the Holy Bible, edited by the Rev. E. Bickersteth, in 6 vols. 4to. half calf, extra, 85 Rs.; Scott’s Commentary on the Holy Bible, in 3 vols. half calf, 42 R s.; Kitto’s Pictorial Bible, 3 vols. half calf, 45 R s.; Thornton’s British India, complete in 6 vols. cloth, 70 Rs.; McCulloch’s Commercial Dictionary, co-rected up to 1846, half Russia, 45 R s.; and the Penny Cyclopedia, complete in 14 vols. bound in half calf, 125 Rs. Polyglott Bibles, Prayer Book^, Church Services, in great variety. Catalogues of all the Books on hand, as well as those expected by the Vernon,” will be ready on or afyout the 15th January, 1847. orders from the Interior promptly attended to. t R oad L ibrary, > \ December, 1846. J \ J. HIGGINBOTHAM. MADRAS CHRISTIAN INSTRUCTOR. THE

MADRAS CHBISTIAN INSTEUCTOE

AND

MISSIONAEY EECOED.

CO.NDDCTED BY

MINISTERS OF DIFFERENT DENOMINATIONS IN MADRAS.

VOL. V. 1847.

MADRAS: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY P. R. HUNT,

AMERICAN MISSION PRESS. CONTENTS.

ESSAYS, ETC. Pag« Page Missionary Tour in Mysore, 367 Signs of the Times, 1 The Last Relic of Chalmers, 371 The Redemption of Time, 16 The Church in the Navy and Army, 374 The Lord Bishop and the Bible Com­ Physical Cause of the Death of Christ, 377 pared, &c. 25,66 Principal Want of Missions in India, 398 Brief Sketch of the Life and Labours Religious Condition of South America, 403 of the late Rev. W. P. Crook, 30, 63, 107 The Missions of Southern India, 410 The Evils of War, 49 On the Evil of Abusive Language, 414 Strictures on the Proceedings of a Tho Difficulties of Revelation—The Roman Catholic Meeting, Madras, 57 Origin of Evil, 433 The Causes and Remedies of A\Tar, 93 The Sabbath—by Dr. Wardlaw, 443 State of Religion on the Continent, 113 Movement in Calcutta to oppose Na­ Letter to a Christian Friend, on the tive Christian Education, 451 Individuality of Spiritual Experience, 119 Conversions at Salem, 453 A Brief Memoir of Vathanayakum, 122 Illustrations of Natural Theology, 473 Christian Unity, by Rev. T. Haswell, 141 Fragments from the Diary of a Coun­ Cheap Literature and its probable try Clergyman, 482 Results, 151, 194,241 Necessity of Retirement and Private Hindu Memorial, 158 Prayer, 487 Account of Mission at Mayaveram, 166 On the Necessity for a Revival of The Zeal of Truth and Error, 181 Primitive Missionary Agency, 490 Destitution in Ireland and Scotland, 2f>2 The late Dr. Chalmers’ Unpublished Romanism in Ireland, 208 Manuscripts, 498 The Christian Education of India, 221 John Zachariah Kiernander: his early Life and first Labours in India, 248, 276 Confidence in Prayer, 265 Recent Baptism at Vizagapatam, 271 MISCELLANEOUS SELECTIONS. Educational Minute of Government, 283 Brief Notices of Mrs. H. M. Mason, 288 Lord Rosse’s Telescope, 32 Notice of the late Rev. S. W. Flavel, 294 The New Planet, 33 The Monastic Institutions of Pagan­ The Great Western Steamer in a ism and Popery, 309, 353 Hurricane, On the Reparative Powers of Nature, 325 Destructive Hurricane in Rarotonga, The Rev. Samuel Gobat, d. d., 333 The Magnetic Telegraph, Death of Dr. Chalmers, 338 Death of Ulric Zuingle, On Apostolical Succession, 364 Anticipated Destiny of the World, iv CONTENTS.

Page POETRY. The Recent Examination at Hailey- bury and Addiscombe, 123 A Lay in Season, 38 The New Pope Pius IX. 126 The Everlasting Hills, 130 The Central Sun, 297 A Mystery of Providence, 171 Character of Dr. Chalmers, 378 The Missionary, 298 Answer to Romanists, 416 Speak Gently, 500 The Message of God, 417 Duelling— Means of Prevention — Court of Honor—Gustavus Adolphus., 457 Tract Distribution at Geneva, 498 RELIGIOUS AND MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE. — J^onre. Ecclesiastical Movement in Scotland, 39 THINGS NEW AND OLD. Education in England, 84 The Origin of Evil, 36 Aspect of Popery in England, 84 Letter to a Dying Sister, 37 Christian Union, 85 Christian Paradoxes, 83,129 Bible Distribution, 85 True Grace, 83 Home Heathenism, 133 Eloquence, 83 EvaDgelical Alliance, 133, 383 Test of a Ministry, 84 Ireland—Destitution, 173 A Prayer-Book, 84 Ragged Schools, from the Quarterly The Divine Mediator, 128 Review, 213 Condescension of Christ, 128 The National Fast, 254 Slavery, 128 Great Bible Movement in Manchester, 300 Evil-Speaking, 129 Sanctification of- the Lord’s Day, 341 A good Fellow, nobody’s Enemy but Ragged Schools, 384 his own, 168 London City Mission, 385 Worldly Amusements, 169 Jewish Mission in London, 421 The Second Advent, 169 Romish Association in England, 461 Pride, 169 Christian Unity, 212 JFomjjn. Worldly Society, 213 Hall and Wilberforce, 213 Murder of a French Bishop in the Bible and no Bible, 252 South Seas, 39 Education, 253 Revival among the Nestorians, 39 Heaven a Rest, 253 Scene in a Prison, 41 The Misery of Unbelief, 253 Persecution in Madeira, 41 Goodness better than Greatness, 253 Persecution of Protestants in Turk­ Anecdote of Gustavus Adolphus, 340 ish Dominions, 43 Evil of Abusive Language, 340 The Jews in Pesth, Germany, 86 Appeal to Ministers, 340 Caffre War, 87, 134 Evils of Intemperance, 382 Tahiti, 87, 135,425 Extravagance of Intemperance, 382 Massacre of Nestorians in Turkey, 87 The Three-fold Chain of Grace, 382 Madeira, 135 The True Study of Nature, 419 State of Religion in Sweden and Honor to whom Honor is due, 419 Norway, 173 The Spirit Willing, but the Flesh Aix-larChapelle Raree-show, 174 Weak, 420 Success of Colportage in France, 175 The Soul’s Self-Appeal, 420 Germany, Letter from Czerski, 216 The Quenchless Thirst, 420 Madagascar, 100 new Converts, 218 Mercy, 421 Madagascar, Letters of Converts, 257 The Wrath of God, 421 Religious State of the Portuguese, 255 A Good Definition, 460 Romanism in Bohemia, 256 The Might of Prayer, 460 The New Pope, 256 True Sayings, 460 The Jews in Jerusalem, 256 The Calumniator Self-Condemned, 460 American Sympathy for Ireland, 263 The Unpardonable Sin, 460 Political Movements in Germany, 302 CONTENTS. V

Page Page Events of the Month, 304, 348, 390, 431 Laying of the Corner-stone of the Religious Anniversaries in France, 341 American Mission Church, Chin­ Bible Distribution in Russia, 344 tadrepettah, Madras, 138 Revival of Popish Miracles, 385 Polytechnic Institution, 138 Impositions of Popery in France, 423 Calcutta Vedantists, 139 Popish Means of Conversion in China, 425 Rev. J. Mackail, 140 Madagascar, 426 Examination, Church of Scotland’s State of Religion in France, 462 Missionary Institution, Madras, 177 Rev. Giacinto Acliilli, d . d ., on the Loss of Mission Property by Fire in Evangelization of Italy, 466 Moulmein, 178 Superiority of Protestantism over A New Dutch Paper in Batavia, 178 Romanism in a National point of Female Education by Natives, 218 View, 501 Ordination at the Madras Cathedral, 218 Condition of the Swedish Lutheran Case of Mooneatha in the Supreme Church, 503 Court, Madras, 219, 261 Tahiti, Return of Queen Pomare, 504 Irish and Scotch Destitution, 219, 346 Murder of Rev. W. M. Lowrie, by The Marquis of Tweeddale’s Minute Pirates in China, 506 on Education, 219 Extracts from Wesleyan Missionary © rfe n ta l. Society’s Report, 259 Extracts from Report of American State of the Native Press in Bengal, 44 Madras Mission, 261 Ordination of the First Chinese Examination of the Free Church In­ Preacher, 44 stitution, Bombay, 261 Examination, Bishop Corrie’s Gram­ Marathi Bible, 262 mar School, 44 Ordination of Babu Golak Nath, Examination of Schools of London Loodiana, 263 Missionary Society, 45 Abolition of Suttee in Gwalior, 263 Examination of St. Andrew’s Paro­ Report of Agra Baptist Missionary chial School, 45 Society, 303 Notice of the Bagavat-Gheeta, 47 Numerical Strength of the Chinese Notice of New Series of Instructor, 78 Missions, 304 Meeting of Presbyterians in Singapore, 88 An Interesting Inquirer, Kamptee, 346 Archdeacon Jeffreys’ Tract on Tem­ Report of the late Rev. S. W. Flavel, 347 perance, 88 Abolition of Suttee in the Jullundur Government Education in Bengal, 89 Doab, 387 The Free Church Presbytery, Bombay, 89 Apostacy of Ragavooloo from Free Annual Meeting, Church Missionary Church, Madras, 388 Society, Bombay, 89 Opening of American Mission Church, Annual Meeting, Madras Wesleyan Chintadrepettah, Madras, 388 Missionary Society, 89 German Mission in South India, 468 Examination of the Free Church American Presbyterian Mission, Alla­ Mission Schools, Madras, 90 habad, 469 Examination of the American Mis­ Consecration of the New Cathedral, sion Schools at Chintadrepettah, 90 Calcutta, 469 Jaffna Missionary Alliance, 91 Examination of the Free Church Dr. Judson, 92 School at Nagpore, 470 Examination of Canarese Schools, Indian Literature—The Bagavat- L. M. S. Bangalore, 136 Gheeta, The Native Herald, The Annual Meeting, South India Tem­ Yedas, 471 perance Union, 136 Madras City Mission, 507 Annual Meeting, Madras Bible Society, 137 India Temperance Almanac, 509 Annual Meeting, Madras Tract and Abolition of Forced Labour in Bom­ Book Society, 137 bay, 511 Meeting at St. Andrew’s Church with Missions in Orissa, 511 reference to the Departure of Rev. Ecclesiastical Movements, 47, 92,140,179, M, Bowie, m , a . 137 220, 264, 352, 392, 432, 472, 512 vi CONTENTS.

P*g* aSaptfsma. Three in the American Mission, Page Madras, 427 Fifty-eight by the Baptist Mission­ Five Hindu Girls in Free Church, aries at Barisal, 45 Madras, 467 A Greek and a Hindu in the Kirk, A Mussulman, in American Mission, Calcutta, 138 Ahmednuggur, 510 Three in Church Missionary Society, A Native Female, C. M. S. Nasik, 510 Bombay, 139 Three in American Mission, Ahmed- m nnggur, 139 A Brahmin and a Parsee in Free ^C hurch Mission, Poona, 139 OBITUARY. Native, by Rev. W. Gunn, Guntoor, 346 Caroline Fry, 46 A Native, by Rev. T. Sandys, Church Thomas Clarkson, 46 Missionary Society, Calcutta, 386 Mrs. C. F. Muzzy, Madura, 46 A Brahmin at Agurpurah, Church Rev. J. J. Lawrence, Madura, 47 Missionary Society, 386 Mrs. Marsliman, 179 A Maratha Girl, by Free Church, Rev. S. G. Whittlesey, m . a . 2 1 9 Bombay, 387 Rev. S. W. Flavel, 220 Three Natives by Rev. Mr. Menge, Rev. Thomas Halls, 264 C. M. S. Nasik, 388 Mrs. Isabella Paterson, 264 Three Hindus in the Free Church, Rev. James Wallace, 264 Madras, 388 Rev. J. Macdonald, 428 Four Natives by Dr, Duff, Calcutta, 427 Mrs. Hill, 472 THE MADRAS CHRISTIAN INSTRUCTOR

AND

MISSIONARY RECORD.

JANUARY, 1847.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES.

“Watchman, what of the night.” “ Watcli man, tell us of the night, What its signs of promise are? Traveller, o’er yon iiiountaiu’s height, See that glory beaming star.”

T h e Prophet says, “I stand continually upon the watch-tower.” This is quite oriental. Whether to give warning of the approach of an enemy in time of war, or of robbers in time of peace, or to guard against wild beasts or other destructive animals in gardens or fields exposed to their ravages, watch-towers and watchmen—known in all lands—are, and ever have been, so common in the East as to make a reference to them here particularly striking. The Scriptures employ the figure in a very forcible manner; and the language of God in his Word, to every minister of the Gospel, is, “Son of man I have set thee a watchman.” We may therefore, as Christian Instructors in India, consider ourselves with some propriety, placed on a watch-tower, and called upon from time to time to give the alarm or the quieting assurance— “all’s well.” At the beginning of a year, more especially, do we seem to hear and feel called upon to answer the inquiry, “Watchman, what of the night?” and we have the privilege of replying—“The morning cometh” — though it is indeed, “as a morning spread upon the mountains.” All the plains of India are covered with clouds and dense impenetrable fogs. Only here and there some of the higher eminences are touched and streaked with gleams of coming light. “Darkness covers the earth, and gross darkness the people.” But before dwelling upon these scenes let us extend our views, as Vol. V.—No. 1. A 2 SIGNS OF THE TIMES. JAN.

we are also called upon to do, and see how it is in other parts of the world. What are the signs of the limes ? There is much in them doubtless which is confused, perplexed, puzzling, and mistakable; and we profess not to be prophets, or the sons of prophets. We believe also that the prophecies themselves were not given to make men prophets, but rather to confirm the faith of God’s children after their predicted fulfilment; so that they are best read backwards. But still we know, for the Word of Truth has as­ sured us, that “the wise shall understand.” Our Saviour rebuked those who did not watch and notice the fulfilment of the prophecies, when he said, “Oh ye hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the sky; but can ye not discern the signs of the times ?” We may differ from many of our readers, and they from each other, as to the time and manner of our Saviour’s advent, and of the end of all things, but we shall all agree that it draweth nigh. “Who is wise and he shall understand these things, prudent and he shall know them.” 1. One of the significant features of the times is the struggle of Popery for its lost ascendancy. We fully believe this struggle is hope­ less, and would fain trust that it is the last, and will be short; that Babylon, foredoomed, is about to fall. But we cannot say how far God may yet see fit to employ that persecuting power for the purifying of his church. If, as many think, there is still to be a sifting time, a time of trouble and affliction, to the Lord’s people, we may easily believe, that Popery will so far prevail as again to “exercise the power o f the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed.” It has the past year shown that where it has the power it retains the will. At Tahiti, it has contended in battle with a recently Christianized, and still infant people, endeavouring to force upon them, at the price of blood, a protection which they reject. The outrages of the French in the Islands of the Pacific are to be attributed rather to religious than political zeal. We hope their ill success, if nothing else, may discourage them. In Madeira, under the protection of a British Consul, an English gentleman, whose crime consisted in being a Protestant, and as such reading the Scriptures and giving and explaining them to others, has been driven from his house, and obliged to escape disguised as a female to a British steamer providentially just anchored in the har­ bour—thus barely escaping with his life, which, had he delayed a few minutes longer, would have been sacrificed. His house was pillaged, his library— including Bibles— burned, his furniture destroyed; and his wife and children were forced also to flee on board the steamer. A house in which a few Protestants had assembled for prayer, was assail­ ed, and those coming out of it waylaid and required to kiss a crucifix on pain of violence. A poor woman was beaten and her bones broken; 1847. SIGNS OF THE TIMES. 3

the apartments of two young ladies were entered by force, though one of them was in bed very ill, and they were forced to flee to the Consul’s house for protection. These and other British subjects, pro­ fessedly tolerated in their religion, have been under the necessity of leaving the Island because they worshipped God according to the dic­ tates of their conscience. Is it said this is the work of a mob? We ask who excited that mob? but Romish Priests: and who allowed its excesses and accompanied it? but a civil Governor evidently under its influence. It is well known that Dr. Kalley was unjustly thrown into prison by a so called court of justice, and that the fear of Great Britain alone prevented further persecution. The same spirit has manifested itself in France, wherever the Bible readers have had any success, and their enemies any power. It has in various instances, by creating disabilities in regard to pastors and learned professors, neutralized the toleration of the government, and subjected many to actual persecution. In Switzerland it is continuing to exclude the ejected pastors of the Canton de Vaud, who have suffered the loss of their livings, if they have not been driven from their flocks, for preaching the truth as it is in Jesus. Having evidence then that Popery remains unchanged in intolerance, it is not without concern that we see signs of its progress in the two leading Protestant countries of the world. From England almost every mail, through the year, has brought accounts of the spread of Tractarian principles; or of their ripened fruits in open secessions to Popery. Late accounts mention that the Bishop of Bath and Wells has presented a valuable living to the Rev. W. Palmer, a leading Tractarian writer; the Rev. Charles Wordsworth, Principal of the Puseyite College at Perth, has given that Institution £5,000; while Lady Lothian, Lord Abercromby, and other persons of influence, are sending their children to it for education. So much for Tractarianism. As to Popery, we learn that the Rev. J. Milner of Queen’s College; Rev. J. Plumer of Baliol College, both of Oxford; Rev. R. Simpson, Vicar of Mitcham, Surrey; Dr. Duke of Hastings; Mr. Scott, nephew of the excellent Commentator, and others, have joined the Romish Church. These are only specimens of numbers who have gone over to Rome —from Mr. Newman down—in course of the last year, who may be reckoned almost by scores, even among the clergy. Happily, indeed, the secessions are as yet almost confined to the clergy. The present government is supposed to be favourable to the endowment of Popery in Ireland; and Puseyism is said not only to be favoured at Oxford, and to some extent at Cambridge, but to find countenance in high places, both ecclesiastical and political. Several of the Bishops of the Colonies are known to have a leaning to Tractarianism. The 4 SIGNS OF THE TIMES. JAN.

Bishop of Tasmania, in a recent charge, expressed his intention to endeavour, by the aid of the civil power, to establish a Consistorial Court at Van Dieman’s Land, and of consequence to introduce there more or less of the Ecclesiastical law of England. In his charge he classed Romanist, Presbyterian, Unitarian, Dissenter and Unbeliever together, in such a way as to show at least that he is not a member o f the Evangelical Alliance. In America the same path has been trodden as in England; first to the Apii Forum of Tractarianism, and then on to Rome. If the number of secessions is less, even comparatively, than in England, they equally indicate the present tendencies of what are called High Church doctrines. Not to mention cases in the Episcopal Church, in some instances, the sons of devoted and most respectable Presbyterian ministers—one of them Dr. Cox, who took a prominent part in the Evangelical Alli­ ance—have first become Puseyites, and then Romanists. Of those who remain Puseyites, Bishop Southgate, who has gained such un­ enviable notoriety for encouraging the persecutions in the Armenian Church, and for his opposition to the labours of evangelical brethren from America, at Constantinople and in other parts of Turkey, is an example. Thus Popery is undoubtedly gaining ground in these countries, which are the bulwarks of Protestantism—and may reckon triumphs which should deeply humble and grieve, if they do not alarm the sincere friends of the Reformation. They should also be aware that the “Man of sin” is making great efforts in every part of the world to extend his power. Especially are his emissaries present and active wherever Protestant Missionaries are labouring. Thus are they found not only in China, of which they had prior occupation, but in New Holland, New Zealand, Africa, and almost every important island of the sea. On the other hand, it may prevent over-anxiety to know that it is also losing ground in some parts of the world. In Germany, though the movement under Ronge, by becoming too rationalistic has disap­ pointed the friends of truth—while no doubt it has injured Romanism— that under Czerske, which embraces it is said two hundred congre­ gations, is in a measure pure; and should cause sincere joy. In France, great numbers have become obedient to th,e faith. In places lately wholly Roman, one pastor speaks of preaching to five or six hundred persons, and sometimes more. Another addresses six hundred, while more endeavour in vain to get into the chapel. Another states that he found the ancient city of Angouleme, and forty communes open to preaching the Gospel; and that at Mansle he addressed 2,000, the windows, doors and passages being often crowded with eager listeners. One mentions that he had opened a Christian chapel capa- 1847. SIGNS OF THE TIMES. 5

ble of accommodating 800 or 900 persons, and two schools, one to contain 150 boys, and the other 150 girls. In the town of Jouegay 8,000 souls applied to him for another pastor. At Auxerre he took a large ancient Roman church which was always filled, and his lan­ guage was, “Give us a hundred more ministers, and as many school­ masters, and I will undertake that they shall all be well placed in a fortnight; and farther, that they will be well received.” In the Canton de Vaud the persecuted pastors, who so nobly sur­ rendered their earthly all, remain faithful amidst losses, obloquy and scorn; and have even declined a proposal of a general subscription for them in the British Churches; wishing at least in the first instance, to do all in their power for themselves— £ 5,000 having been raised in the country. The Church of Scotland has, however, sent them £800; and perhaps other churches have aided them. They have adopted an organization which centralizes the parishes; and amidst many difficulties, and not without danger, ordained three young men; thus evincing the existence o f real energy and life. Thus is the scene chequered, and Rome herself appears to feel that it is with her a struggle for life. As has been well remarked, “if the Protestant Newmans of England are becoming Romish priests, the Romish Triviers of France are becoming Protestant pastors. If many of the ignorant, but professedly free in English towns and villages are resigning themselves to the yoke of a hateful superstition, hundreds and thousands of the superstitiously enslaved in French towns and villages are bursting asunder their bonds, and becoming free men of the Lord.” A new Pope has lately assumed the Tiara, and he seems inclined to try the effect of liberal measures. This augurs ominously for the stability of infallible Rome, however right and glorious in itself. “No man putteth a new piece on an old garment.” The politics of Rome have for some time been confused. The disbanding of the Jesuits and reorganizing them—the expulsion of that body from France, about a year since, and lately from Calcutta—the fostering of their institutions in England and America, and discouraging them in some other places—establish­ ing schools of every grade for Protestant children, but none for their own—sometimes giving the Bible to the people, but generally with­ holding it—in some places allowing images and idolatrous processions of every kind, and in others forbidding them, all betray uncertainty of purpose, and show an influence or pressure from without upon that infallibility, which every change, though for the better, and every manifest inconsistency is hasting to its extinction. 2. Another sign of the times is the progress of Freedom. We speak rather socially than politically; though there can be no doubt that liberal principles in politics are gaining ground either for weal or woe, in almost every part of the civilized world. The masses are almost 6 SIGNS OF THE TIMES. JAN.

every where in motion, and democracy, whether loved or hated, seems destined to be more and more a commanding element in all govern­ ments. It moves like the cog-wheels of a machine, gaining something at every turn, and losing nothing. It has no backward motion. What the people have once wrung from their rulers they never give up, unless forced to it by a revolution. This is we grant a portentous sign, but it will be none the less so by our refusing to note it. The dictate of wisdom is to infuse Christianity into the mass, to make it pervading and influential among all classes. This is the true conserva­ tive principle. But we enter not into politics. Intellectual, commercial, social and religious freedom, are advancing. The Press, almost every where comparatively free, is becoming more in­ fluential than armies in governing the world; and the spirit of inquiry is, in a measure, unrestrained by human authority. Trade has thrown off most of its shackles, and is rejoicing in newly found liberty. Slavery is hiding its head with shame, and however supported by the interested, must ere long be driven from the earth. As mind is gaining domin­ ion over matter, and brute force is no longer the controlling ele­ ment in society, every form of physical oppression is losing its power. This is well, alike for Christianity and the social system. Nothing can be more contrary to the genius of that pure, meek and spiritual religion, which came from heaven, than the advocacy of its claims by force, or its propagation by the sword, or fire and faggot, or the guarding of its creeds by pains and penalties. The progress of reli­ gious liberty in nearly all Christian lands is very obvious, especially in the principal Protestant countries; and though there may be much of false liberality— of laxness of religious principle or libertinism—rather than true liberty, it is but the scum and froth rising on the surface of the agitated and fermenting elements of public opinion, working itself pure. It is less to be feared than an inert and dead mass tend­ ing to corruption. It is remarkable, that while the true principles of universal toleration in religion are more and more understood and practised, in Protestant countries, they find no countenance where the forms of a decayed and corrupted Christianity exist. We have noticed the spirit of the Romish Church. The Greek Church is also seen persecuting those who would stir up and rekindle the smouldering fires on her altars, and revive in her the spirit of earlier and better days. Dr. King, a zealous and able American Missionary at Athens, who has long been successfully engaged by means of schools of a superior order and through the Press, in disseminating Scripture light, has been persecuted almost to the death. He published some months ago a pamphlet containing extracts from Epiphanius and other Greek Fathers against the worship of the Virgin Mary, for which he was 1847. SIGNS OF THE TIMES. 7

arraigned before a Synod, and charged with blasphemy for speaking against the Virgin, and the adoration of the pictures of the saints. The case was taken up by the civil power, and he was required to go to Syra for his trial. Just as the trial was to come on, a priest pub­ lished in great numbers a most violent pamphlet against the missionary, which so inflamed the populace, that on his going to Syra he was advised by his attornies not to leave the steamer. They found that he could not be compelled to stand his trial on that day, and the governor intimated that be could not assure him of safety if he landed, as there were only six or eight soldiers as guards. He would certainly be condemned, and in the existing state of feeling, the punishment of three months imprisonment—which only could be awarded—would not satisfy the mob, and they would almost certainly take his life. A thousand people at least were waiting for him to land, and it was evident there was a murderous plan deeply laid for his destruction. He returned to Athens, where he found that above fifty persons in that city were combined to kill him, and waited only a favourable op­ portunity. He was obliged to apply to the British Ambassador for protection, which was most kindly granted; but it is evident that his principal hope must be in God, as his life is sought by fanatic assassins. In the Armenian church the same spirit is manifested. The Ameri­ can Missionaries, in Constantinople and other parts of Turkey, have succeeded in bringing thousands of this church to the knowledge, and hundreds to the obedience of the truth, who have become Bible Christians. The Patriarch, as is well known, excommunicated and anathematized all such Bible readers some months ago; in consequence of which a violent persecution was commenced at Constantinople. By this hundreds have been driven from their houses, spoiled of their goods, mobbed and stoned, deprived of their right to buy and sell, and prevented from receiving aid from their friends. Some have been thrown into prison, and all threatened with exile. The missionaries have felt themselves obliged to receive and support one or two hundred of these at the charge of the Universal Church. A similar persecution has lately commenced at Ezroom, the house of one of the missionaries being gutted, the “Gospellers” abused, and various excesses committed. These and other facts show, that although religious toleration is on the ascendant in many countries, in corrupt Christian churches it finds no favour. A conflict is therefore probably at hand; a conflict perhaps mainly of opinion, according to the spirit of the age; but it will not always be bloodless. In the meantime, by way of contrast we learn, that the Turkish Government, through the most praiseworthy exertions of the British Ambassador, Sir Stratford Canning, have extended protection to the persecuted Armenians, and tacitly acknowledged the existence of the 8 SIGNS OF THE TIMES. JAN.

new Evangelical Chufch which has been formed. This is a great event. A Reformation, more pure than that of Luther, is allowed to make pro­ gress in intolerant Turkey. Another circumstance may be noticed. A case has occurred at Constantinople in which the Sultan has allowed the mixed marriage of an Armenian Christian with a daughter of the faithful. The Armenian was a tailor, who had been seen and loved by the Mausulmani, a favourite child of a Bey or Turkish nobleman. The father, to save his daughter’s life, who had become ill in consequence of her romantic attachment, caused the unsuspecting tailor to be decoyed into the female apartments of his house, and into the presence of his daughter, where he surprises him, and in assumed rage submits the alter­ native, required by the Mohammedan law, of death or adoption of Mohammedanism on his marriage with the daughter. The Armenian, though willing to be a bridegroom, refuses to become an apostate, and is sentenced to be decapitated; but the Sultan learning the circumstances from the Cazee, pardons the stubborn Christian, and allows the marriage without change of faith. This, as taking place in gory Constantinople, is undoubtedly a sign of the times of no small importance. A few years ago the Sultan, however well disposed, could not have allowed such a marriage. 3. The Progress of Knowledge.—This is another manifest sign of these latter days. There is greatly increased activity of mind. It is literally true, that “many run to and fro, and knowledge is increased.” Not only is steam subjected to the power of man, so as to put in motion iron-horses with numerous cars attached, at a velocity, some­ times of a mile a minute, and immense steam-ships, going through the water against wind and tide more rapidly than any sailing vessel could usually with both—thus bringing India within a months journey of England, and narrowing the passage across the Atlantic to some twelve days— but the lightning has been made a messenger; and among other services is employed to outrun thieves, so that they have small chance of escape. By the Electro Magnetic Telegraph space is anni­ hilated, and information instantly communicated hundreds of miles. Could the wires be laid, we might at Madras converse with friends in London more readily than can our worthy Master Attendant with the ships in the roads. The Telescope has been so improved, that Astronomers are able to examine the topography of the earth’s satellite, and to distinguish any object, it is supposed, more than 100 feet high. They discover no appearance of an atmosphere, no water, no vegetation, no signs of living creatures, but masses resembling volcanic rock or lava, and fragments of a world in ruins. The “man in the moon,” so long talked of, it seems is not there; and we are ready to ask what can be the cause of the apparent desolation of this fair planet? A new planet has also been discovered, and it has been ascertained that fixed stars 1847. SIGNS OF THE TIMES. 9 have disappeared, being probably burnt up. If they were suns to systems of planets, what has become of these worlds? But to return to earth, and more practical scenes. The advancement of the Arts which minister to the real or imaginary wants of man, the sciences which increase his power and raise his dignity in the scale of being, and the knowledge of letters so much affecting his happiness and usefulness, is sufficiently great to be marked from year to year. To instance in one particular, and that more properly within our sphere, the progress of religious knowledge. The Reports of the last May Meetings in London, and of religious anniversaries in other parts o f the world, are full o f evidence that light and truth are going forth in an increasing ratio. The issues of the British and Foreign Bible Society for the year preceding last May, reached the number of 1,441,651 copies, being an increase of half a million on the pre­ ceding year, and of nearly three fold in ten years. It is supposed that a million more copies were sent out by other Societies, in the course of the same year. Thirty-three thousand were sold even in France in three months. The issues of the Religious Tract Society from England alone, amounted in the year to no less than seventeen millions of books and tracts, while there were many millions in other lands—carried forth by Colporteurs into the most destitute places—in ninety-eight differ­ ent languages. The Free Church of Scotland has 50,000 Subscri­ bers for its cheap publications. O f D ’Aubigne’s first three volumes of the History of the Reformation, 200,000 have been sold in Eng­ land and America. The fourth volume is likely to have a still wider circulation. Of the Christian Witness 30,000 are circulated, and 120,000 of the Christian’s Penny Magazine, by the same Editor. McCheyne’s Life has reached the 15th thousand, some of Mr. Hamilton’s tracts the 60th thousand, and valuable books, like Bridges’ on the 119th Psalm, Martyn’s Life, William’s Missionary Enterprizes, & c. have had a very great circulation. The booksellers find it for their interest to send forth spirited and spiritual works o f living Au­ thors, and to reprint those of old divines, which, in a cheap form, go not only into the houses of the wealthy, but into the hovels of the poor. As to Schools, and the preaching of the Gospel, the progress in many parts of the world is scarcely less satisfactory. Infant Schools, Sunday Schools, Seminaries, Colleges, and Universities, are extending the blessings of education, often Christian education; and the Minis­ ters of the Gospel in Christian lands, and the Missionary in destitute places—both of city and country, at home and abroad— are proclaim­ ing the word of life so extensively, that comparatively it may be said “their sound has gone into all the earth, and their words unto the ends of the world.” We can only notice in education the singular and striking fact that Vol. V.—No. l. B 10 SIGNS OF THE TIMES. JAN.

a Commission has been formed at Constantinople, called the Council of Sciences and Belies Lettres, placed under the superintendence and direction of Reschid Pacha the Prime Minister, who has been in Lon­ don and Paris as a diplomatist, and Refaat Pacha, to be assisted by Emir Pacha—who was educated at Cambridge—as President of the Council. The object is the organization of a grand scheme of Na­ tional Education; and the result will be, so far as successful, the des­ truction of Turkish Vandalism. By the progress of knowledge the Ottoman Empire is exposed to two opposing influences of mighty force, by which it is convulsed and will be destroyed—the spirit of the age calling for change, for the adoption of the laws and customs, and enterprize of civilized coun­ tries, and the spirit of Mohammedanism fanatically resisting all change. It will yield nothing, and therefore must be crushed, and the Empire with it. The Janissaries were a sort of type of Mohammedanism. The father of the present Sultan would reform them, but they would not be remodelled, and in 1826 they suffered a frightful extermination. They had previously resisted change successfully, and assassinated the Sultan Selim the III. But their hour had struck. Mahmoud for ever crushed these praetorian guards, who had been the instruments o f a cruel tyranny, but enslaved the tyrant. Mahmoud could reform others, but could not reform himself. He adopted the vices as well as some of the virtues of Europe. He became a drunkard, and died of de­ lirium tremens. It remains to be seen what may be the fate of his son Abdul Medjid, the present Sultan, who has received an educa­ tion superior to most Mussulman, has avowed himself the advocate of political reform, and given to his people a sort of Civil Code, by a hatti sheriff or imperial decree. It is remarkable that he has abol­ ished the penalty of death for apostasy from Mohammedanism. 4. We may note signs o f continued peace. It is true there are still wars and rumours of wars. Some mission stations are even now broken up by wars, as in South Africa and New Zealand; but they are strifes of savage with civilized nations, as in South Africa, New Zealand, and Tahiti, or partial contests of a weak nation with a strong, as in South America and Mexico. There is no general war between leading Christian nations, and has been none for the last thirty-two years. The continued maintenance of friendly relations in Europe, and the peaceful settlement of a long agitated and difficult question, which within the last year nearly involved Great Britain and America in an unnatural war, is a pleasing token o f continued tranquility. W hat has been done once can be done again. Prayer may be made to God, and daily he may be praised. W e verily believe that prayer has prevailed above mere human councils. But Christian efforts also have been used to maintain peace; and they have had their influence. Olive branches in the shape o f friendly addresses from Christian 1847. SIGNS OF THE TIMES. 11

females and others in various towns in England, have been sent across the Atlantic to places of similar name in America; as from Boston to Boston, Plymouth to Plymouth, Worcester to Worcester, Norwich to Norwich, Newport to Newport, and received and re­ turned in the same spirit of love which first cast them across the troubled waters. The address of the women of Exeter, with 1,600 signatures, was exhibited in a public meeting of several hundred of their sisters in Philadelphia. “ As that album of peace,” says the Learned Blacksmith, “ten yards in length, was unrolled from the speaker’s chair until it reached half way down the hall, sympathies that heaven has made its iEolian harp-strings here on earth, were touched to the finest issues of their inspiration.” A response was immediately given, and 3,525 signatures showed that it was a heart­ felt utterance. In the town of Worcester, Massachusetts, containing 10,000 inhabitants, 1,080 women responded to their English sisters, and a letter from many ladies in New England to those of Great Britain, in “words of breathing beauty,” was written by Mrs. Sigourney, the American poetess. The white glove of peace thrown across the Ocean by 1,600 English women, at a time when the westerly horizon was gathering blackness, was indeed a sweet challenge from mother to daughter to arouse herself to the exertion of those soothing and purifying influences, which it is the peculiar province of the female heart so successfully to exercise, in restraining the cruel passions of men. It was a sign and an instrument of peace. There are other indications— besides this awakening feeling of sister­ hood and brotherhood, which increased facilities of international com­ munication, and freedom of trade, and progress of knowledge have aided—that wars, though possibly they may yet be many and bloody, will ere long cease, and men will beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into pruninghooks. The very inventions—such as the torpedo for blowing up ships, the long range guns, invisible battery, gun­ cotton, and steam-cannon—as well as steam-frigates—which go to make the instruments o f war so fearfully destructive, tend to produce a salu­ tary dread of encountering them, and to preserve peace. They also make war very much a matter o f scientific calculation, and it will rarely be entered upon when there is no prospect of success. The good sense of the age has discovered that there are other means of settling differ­ ences than by making them as great as possible— adding aggravation by every available means—and then adopting the absurd maxim, in the final adjustment, that “might creates right.” There is now a tribu­ nal o f public opinion throughout the World, which no King or Na­ tion can trample upon with impunity; and the voice o f that public opinion is beginning to proclaim that war— grim-visaged bloody war, accompanied by death on the pale horse—and followed by famine and disease—is an outrage upon humanity, and should be abolished. 12 SIGNS OF THE TIMES. JAN.

Did space permit, we might advert to several other signs more or less visible; some portentous, and some cheering. Of the former we can only name two or three. There are “famines,” if not “pesti­ lence and earthquakes in divers places.” The failure of the potato crop is producing a famine in Ireland and the Highlands of Scot­ land, while in some other countries there is no small scarcity of bread. Men are beginning to learn that the increase of population may be greater than the increase of the means of maintenance, and that it is not wise for the mass of the people in any country to rest satis­ fied with the very cheapest and coarsest food of one kind, because its continued production without change exhausts the soil, and when it wholly or even partially fails, there is nothing to fall back upon, and famine is the result. The lesson now read in Ireland will be well learned and digested in other countries also. It will be seen and felt that there is danger of there being too many consumers of the earth’s stores, and too few producers. It is cheering to know that the corn harvest has been most abundant in America, and that, as one has said, “the wants of the mother may be supplied from the ex­ uberant bosom of the daughter.” Pestilence and earthquakes are not perhaps more prevalent than usual; but the Cholera, which has been the last year uncommonly fatal where it has prevailed in India, is said to be travelling again into Europe. On the other hand, there are cheering prognostics. Human life is undoubtedly being lengthened by the progress of medical science, and by greater attention to physical education, temperance, exercise, and cleanliness. The cold-water cure seems often successful, and we suppose it must be admitted that mesmerism may frequently enable a Surgeon to perform painless operations, though clairvoyance and other wonderful accompaniments must be considered either as decep­ tion, or as the effect of Satanic agency. We are slow to believe the latter, but some think that while natural causes are sufficient to ac­ count for painless surgery, and mesmerism is properly used to alleviate human misery, when attempts are made to go beyond the assigned limits, evil spirits come in, and delude those willing to be deluded, or* who expose themselves unthinkingly to their influence. We cer­ tainly shall not be surprised if that agency, which is so often derided, is not more and more manifest, as the time of the end draweth nigh. Among the encouraging signs of good in the moral heavens is the Worlds Temperance Convention in London last year, consisting of nu­ merous delegates from the Continent and America, as well as every part of Great Britain, and which did much to excite interest and direct effort in this important enterprize. The Evangelical Alliance, which assembled in London about the same time, and consisted of 1,200 delegates, is in like manner and in a more important respect, 1847. SIGNS OF THE TIMES. 13

a bright harbinger of serener skies above the whole religious horizon. As this cheering scene of love and union has been so lately before our eyes, we need not dwell upon it; but only offer our aspirations that similar visions of angel-like assemblies may be repeated, where ever Christians of different denominations can meet—to show that the great principles on which they all stand, and in which they are all agreed, reduce to insignificance the points on which they differ; and that all truly united to Christ the head, are united to each other as members of the same spiritual body, members one of another. The general indications, therefore, though confused, contradictory, and in some respects ominous of evil, are on the whole cheering. We cannot but think, on comparing the present with past ages, that with all the reasons there are for mourning, there are none for despondency. Evil doubtless abounds, but so does good. It is an age of action. Sin is busy and brought more into notice; but the world is growing better and not worse. Christianity is advancing and not retrograding. There may not be, there probably is not, the enjoyment of divine influences in extensive revivals of religion, so generally as in some past periods— though the American Board state that their Missions, in different parts of the world, have never before shared so largely in the gifts of the Spirit—but, however this may be, there has never been a time when the fruits of piety in benevolent action, ready to bless the world, were more abundant. There have been seasons when some few made greater advances in the divine life than any now do, but there never have been more persons governed by religious principle than at the present time; and however deficient may be the religion of the age— a religion too much of bustle and excitement, and sympathy and form, and tendencies more and more to form and show—yet is its moulding influence felt more extensively through society, and through the world, than ever be­ fore. Let any one compare the present state of Protestant countries with any past favoured period, and look not at the few striking images of great and good and illustrious men, and distant reflections of a few brilliant actions, looming through the mists of time; but at the whole ground-work of the prospect, and into the domestic, social, civil, and moral state of the people at large, and he will find, we are persuaded, many causes for thankfulness on the comparison, and few for discon­ tent. Those treasures which enrich the world, whether of intellect, or genius, or patriotism, or piety, may not be so much accumulated in heaps as in some past age which may be named, but they are spread farther abroad and are more generally diffused. There is not the less gold in a country because it is in many hands, nor is it less useful in cir­ culation than when hoarded up in the banks. W e cannot for a moment allow that Christianity is a failure, or an approach to a failure; and we contend that we see evidence of Chris­ tian nations being immensely in advance of all others in every thing 14 SIGNS OF THE TIMES. JAN. which constitutes true greatness, or true happiness; and that they are still advancing, “Say not what is the cause that the former days were better than these, for thou dost not inquire wisely concerning this.” But we must hasten to say a few words, and they can be but few, on the prospect immediately around us. What are the signs in our eastern skies? It is related, that on a time the competitors for the Sidonian crown agreed that it should be placed on the head of him who might first dis­ cern the rays of the sun, on a given morning. They took their position together, and all except one looked earnestly at the East. He kept his eye fixed upon the West, while some admired, and more mocked at him, as if he had looked at his feet to find his face; but he first of all discovered the light of the sun, shining on the tops of the houses. We must, we think, look for signs of day principally in the West. But we see, amidst prevailing darkness, some evidence of coming light. There is no doubt great progress in education, and what is remark­ able, in female education, even o f caste girls. The number under instruc­ tion at this Presidency—where a year or two ago there were none of this class—must be 700 or 800; and many more than that at country stations. The English language is rapidly spreading. The light of true science is dissipating much of the mist of heathen superstition and prejudice. Even caste is losing something of its power. Intercourse with foreigners—to speak of no other cause—is breaking down the barriers o f custom; and the sons o f India are beginning to travel— witness Dwarkanath Tagore—who we are sorry to say finished his career in England—and even to receive education in Europe; as have some medical students, with much honour. The use of the Press, even by the Natives, is extending a spirit of discussion and free inquiry, which are weakening the shackles of ignorance. It may do nothing more—or it may, as it probably will, when educa­ tion is disconnected from religion, lead many to a cold-hearted and unprincipled infidelity, which is worse than idolatry—but in some cases it may be hoped Christian instruction, when not given in the course of education, will be superadded from other sources. In the mission schools the Bible is thoroughly taught; and we learn with gratitude, that it is in contemplation to introduce it into some of the govern­ ment schools. This will be indeed a token for good. A society of Hindus has been, formed at Calcutta to promote the re-marriage of widows, and it is supposed that 50,000 Rupees will be given to the first respectable Hindu who may lead the way in this in­ novation. An offer was made some two years ago of 10,000, which has never been claimed; but the prospect is now brightening. A Temperance Society, on the plan of total abstinence, has been formed among respectable natives of Calcutta, which though confined to one class, is evidently exerting a good influence; and one greatly needed. 1847. SIGNS OF THE TIMES. 15

There is real progress in preaching the Gospel and in the work of conversion. We might speak with gratitude of the advancement of true piety among Europeans—clergy and laity—in India, and to a good degree among East Indians; but we confine ourselves to the Natives. The number of missionaries has considerably increased the last year, and there is prospect of still further additions. No less than fourteen missionaries from Germany alone are expected at Bombay by the next steamer. From America there have arrived, or are on their way, including three returning missionaries, seventeen married missionaries for the Mahrattas and Tamilians only. To the Wesleyans in this district, who previously were thirteen in number, three have been recently added. The London Society—reckoning here thirty missionaries—has been strengthened in Northern more than in Southern India; but two valu­ able missionaries who were absent have returned to their stations, and one missionary’s wife. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Church Missionary Society, have enlarged their numbers; so that in Tinnevelly alone there are twenty-one ordained missionaries, and as they state, 40,000 native Christians. In Northern India, the Church Missionary Society has twenty-six missionaries, and more than 3,000 baptized natives at Krishnagur alone. The missionaries, both of the Baptist and the London Society, are nearly as numerous, and about half that number from the Presby­ terian Church in America; so that, there must be there not far from 90 missionaries, and at least 6,000 baptized natives, including children. It is stated that, besides the converts at Krishnagur, 2,796 adult na­ tives have been baptized since the commencement of the Missions in Northern India, 53 years ago, exclusive of three or four hundred at Serampore. To this number is to be added three hundred, perhaps, baptized in infancy, who subsequently have ratified the covenant thus made for them, and professed Christianity. There have been, in all, in that part of India, about 203 foreign and 50 East Indian and other missionaries. In Burmah more than 8,000 converts have been won to Christ, since labours there were commenced. One hundred and fifteen persons have lately been baptized at Barisal. In Southern India, not to speak of the large accessions to the Mis­ sions in Tinnevelly and Travancore, one of the American Mission­ aries at Madura baptized thirty-four adults on a short tour last year. The recent conversions in the Free Scotch Church at the Presidency have shaken Madras, while the excitement in connection with this event, and the disputes concerning the Sudder Court, grow­ ing out of attacks upon Christians in Tinnevelly by the heathen, show that Christianity is not lifeless. It is only a living Christianity that is feared and persecuted. India stereotyped, indurated} unchangeable as it has been, is fast com­ 16 THE REDEMPTION OF TIME. JAN.

ing into a transition state. There are signs of conflict. Hinduism is beginning to arouse itself as vve have seen, and Romanism is wide awake. The Bishop of Castoria and Vicar Apostolic of Madras, informs the Pope, that “nearly 800 persons in this vicariate alone, within a few years, have been converted to the true faith from the errors of Protestantism, and more than twice that number from heathenism!!” We should like to have known the number of years and class of persons here designat­ ed; but whether this is all, as-it appears to be or not, this zealous bishop attributing to the Roman Pontiff, “the exclusive power of feeding the whole flock, both sheep and lambs, both pastors and people,” and say­ ing, "To your Holiness belongs, by divine right, the primacy of order and jurisdiction over all the earth,” must consider all pastors not under this shepherd, even Episcopalian Bishops, as “thieves and robbers.” In­ deed he says so. Addressing the Pope, whom he puts in the place of Christ, he adds, “whosoever gathereth not with you scattereth.” There must then be conflict. Rome draws the sword of extermination. She will use it with such art and power as she has. Let us be pre­ pared for the onset, and meet her with the panoply of the Gospel; especially taking the shield of faith and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. There is no armour like this, and we need no other in the contest with that “wicked,” whether Pagan or Papal, “whom the Lord shall consume with the Spirit of his mouth, and destroy with the brightness of his coming.” “ Watchman, tell us of tTie nitrht, For the morning seems to dawn: Trav’ller, darkness takes its flight, Doubt and terror are withdrawn.” M.

THE REDEMPTION OF TIME.

Redeeming the Time.—Epli. v. 16.

O f all the temporal blessings, actual also, of all our present blessings, is being itself excepted, which have that which, from its very nature, we been bestowed on us by God, it may are most liable to misapply and abuse. be affirmed, without exaggeration, that The other gifts of providence, are Time is unspeakably the most import­ generally speaking, of a visible and ant. The other gifts of God, invalu­ palpable nature; they can, for the able as they are, are but the accidents most part be seen, or touched, or at or appendages of our condition of least, either physically or mentally being—the mere adjuncts of our exist­ felt: they force themselves upon our ence: but time is, in a manner, our notice as actual, if not material ex­ existence itself—“the very stuff that istences: but time is an impalpable, life is made o f’—the undefinable, mys­ intangible, invisible Thing—an ac­ terious element in which, as it were, tual, yet an unseen reality; and it is even as in God himself, we “live and this, its very invisibility, that among move, and have our being.” Time other causes, renders us so liable to for­ 1847. THE REDEMPTION OF TIME. 17

get its importance—to overlook even ever familiar; and our present subject its very existence. Moreover, most, is one whose importance no fami­ if not all our other “talents” are such liarity can ever diminish; while it is as require us to make some exertion one also, which, in our present cir­ in order to misapply them. We need cumstances, has peculiar claims on to do something in order to pervert, our thoughtful and serious reflec­ or abuse, or waste them: but to mis­ tion. Nor should it be forgotten that apply Time requires no effort—to a higher than human authority has abuse it no exertion—to waste and laid upon us the solemn observance of squander it—all, unhappily, we need to the claims of time; that among the do, is simply to do—nothing. R e­ injunctions of the Word of God, are main passive—commit yourself list­ found, more than once repeated, those lessly and indolently to the current of which relate to the conduct of time ; existence—allow yourself to be borne that in the words already quoted, the onward “according to the course of Apostle, while exhorting us to “walk, this world”—and you have done all that not as fools, but as mse,” makes an es­ is required to throw away this pearl of sential part of that wisdom to consist price—this precious portion of Eter­ in the wisdom of “redeeming the time.” nity. Nor should it be forgotten that, Let us, therefore, consider first— of all the gifts of God, Time is that What is generally meant by “redeem­ of which the misapplication is most ing time”—and next, more particu­ fatal and irremediable. The errors we larly, from, and for what, time is to have committed, the losses we have be redeemed. sustained, the injuries we have en­ dured by the misuse of other things, I. Here we cannot do better than may frequently still be remedied; nay, betake ourselves to the literal mean­ the very things themselves so wast­ ing of the word. In the original lan­ ed or misused, we may often ac­ guage, as well as in its English ety­ tually recover. Wealth, distinction, mology, to “redeem” is properly to character, happiness, even health it­ re-purchase, or buy back again; as self, though once lost, are not neces­ when we have sold, or mortgaged, or sarily lost finally; they may yet be forfeited some article of our own, we regained. But Time, once lost, is find it necessary, by purchase, again lost for ever. The things indeed to recover it. Besides this, we find which we have failed to do at one that, in the original tongue of the time, we may yet do at another, but New Testament, the word is most fre­ the time itself, thus misapplied, will quently used in cases where men, en­ never again return; and it is not only gaged in traffic, are particularly anxi­ for ever beyond recall, but every ous to re-purchase something which moment is augmenting what is thus they have erroneously and unprofit- irrecoverable; while we pause and ably parted with. We can, therefore, reflect, while we purpose, or resolve, easily understand the meaning of the or even act, more and still more is, term when applied to time. As thus every instant, being added to the time used, it not only obviously implies that can never be restored, less and that our past time is now no longer still less left of the time that should our own, as from the nature of things yet be “redeemed.” must be the case; but it seems signi­ These reflections, indeed, are trite ficantly intended to remind us that our and common-place; but on such a time is that, the whole, or at least, topic they cannot well be otherwise. the greater part of which we have A subject may be important, how- already lost: we have lost it our­ Vol. V.—No. 1. C 18 THE REDEMPTION OF TIME. JAN.

selves, and by our own fault; we have of that existence whose essence it is. either wasted it, or forfeited it, or This briefly is to redeem the time. thrown it away on foolish and profit­ And the general idea thus stated— less bargains, in this great traffic of this redemption of time from the human life. And this is nothing more wrong and evil to the good and holy than what is true. Our own recollec­ —seems to us to receive a still deeper tions of the past are enough to attest significance from the very term by it The time we have idly squander­ which the idea is conveyed, when ed—the hours we have wasted in in­ taken in its Scriptural as well as its dolence, or even—unholy traffic—sold secular meaning. To “redeem!” A to sin, or bartered away for folly and word, not only sufficiently expressive wordliness, are sufficient to prove in its ordinary sense, but a word to how truthful this description is; and which Christianity has imparted an should be sufficient too to make us feel, additional and most solemn signifi­ and feel with sorrow and compunction, cance—the very word employed to that, in our conduct of time, we have describe the mightiest of all events in not only made a foolish bargain, and the history of our race—our recovery committed a sinful waste—but a bar­ not only from the service of sin and gain which we have yet to retrieve, Satan, but our restoration to the holy a waste which, if possible, we have and blessed service of God. And still to redeem. why should such be the word, on But how, it may be asked, can this this subject, invariably employed by be done ? How is it possible literally Scripture? Others might have been to redeem time—to recover what is used as well. We might have been already beyond recovery ? True, in­ told simply to recover, to regain, to deed, in this sense the thing cannot improve our time. Why so emphati­ be done. The actual time itself we cally should we be told to “redeem” have lost cannot be redeemed; the it ? why should inspiration use a term hours, and days, and years we have so peculiar and ever-memorable— wasted can never be retrieved, or fraught with such sacred and hallow­ again become our own: there can be ed associations—pregnant with so deep no redemption of the time already and touching a significance—expres­ past. But we may redeem the time sive of the highest and most solemn that is still to come, or rather the time of obligations? It is scarcely possi­ that now is, for it is this only that is ble, we think, to mistake the purpose our own. The future is God’s, the of this. The mere use of such a present only out’s . And to redeem term attaches to the duty here incul­ this time is, in other words, for every cated an impressiveness, which, with man to resolve and determine, and by all its importance, it could never have God's help, to act upon the determin­ itself possessed. It shows us that to ation, that the time he now has, and redeem our time is not only no easy, that shall yet remain to him, shall now nor ordinary effort, but an act which and at once, be recovered from its implies an arduous sacrifice—which perverted, and restored to its proper is invested almost with a character of uses—that it shall no longer be sacredness. It tells us, that, in doing wasted, or squandered, or idled, or it, we should set before us the spirit sinned away, but now and hence­ and example of the Great Author of forth cared for, and watched over, redemption himself. It seems to bid and “gathered up”—devoted to other us look upon Time, in some measure, and better uses, to fitter and nobler as He looked on That which He came purposes, to the high and holy ends to redeem—as a thing unspeakably 1847. THE REDEMPTION OF TIME. 19

precious, bul lost and perishing, yet folly, as well as from sin—from the to be snatched from peril and sin, and foolish and frivolous pursuits—the vain restored to holiness and God. It re­ and idle pleasures o f the world. It is minds us, in a word, that the ends for true, indeed, that the enjoyment, to which Time is to be redeemed by us, a certain extent, of worldly pleasure are to be no other, and no less, than and recreation is not forbidden us; those for which we have been re­ and we can regard with no sympa­ deemed ourselves. How much does thy those repulsive forms of religion this alone tend to exalt and sanctify the which would unsparingly reprobate duty thus assigned us—to urge us to its every species of innocent indulgence. performance by the highest and most But the enjoyment which in this res­ persuasive motives of the Religion of pect Christianity allows as legitimate, the Cross. must obviously be both rational and beneficial in its nature, and limited II. But more particularly, from whatin its extent—such as is fitted not is time to be redeemed. A few gen­ merely to recreate, but to improve eral topics are all we can here ad­ the mind—to fit it, by needful relaxa­ duce. And first, tion, for higher efforts, not to dissi­ It need scarcely be said that time pate it, or render it frivolous. It is is to be redeemed from sin—from the of the latter kind of pleasures that indulgence, the commission, the en­ we now speak, and it is unhappily, tertainment of what is actually sin­ to them that the most, if not the ful. This, we say, hardly needs to whole of what are called the “plea­ be stated; because there are obvi­ sures of the world,” belong. It is ously other, and far stronger reasons, from indulgence in such pleasures, why we should refrain from sin, be­ therefore, that our time is to be re­ sides that arising from its being a deemed. And why it should be so waste of time. Even were no time requires, we think, no very elaborate consumed in committing it, sin would argument. Without dwelling on all still be “exceeding sinful”—in itself, the reasons by which, in the judg­ and on its own account, inherently ment of Religion, the idle pleasures criminal. Yet it is obvious how much and frivolous amusements of the world the guilt of sin is increased by in­ must be condemned—without asking volving the consumption of time, and whether such pursuits are not ob­ the guilt of wasting time aggravated viously unsuitable to the Christian when that on which it is wasted is character, and inconsistent with the sin—when that which has been given Christian profession—(“the world cru­ us for attaining our own salvation, and cified unto me and I unto the world”) promoting God’s glory, is not only not or whether they are not manifestly so employed, but devoted to pur­ injurious to spirituality of mind and poses the very opposite—to our own communion with God—(“if any man ruin, and to His dishonor. This in­ love the world, the love of the Father volves a double criminality f it is not is not in him,”) and utterly incompa­ merely simply to mis-employ God’s tible with the progress of divine life precious gift, but with a sad and per­ in the soul—(“he that liveth in plea­ verse ingenuity, to make that very sure is dead while he liveth”)—it is gift the means of opposing the pur­ enough, without going beyond the pose, of defying the authority, of in­ limits of our subject, to adduce but one sulting alike the love and majesty of reason—to make but one enquiry— the Giver. to ask the single question, Is such con­ But time is to be redeemed from duct as that now referred to, whether 20 THE REDEMPTION OF TIME. JAN. indulged in to a greater or less degree, the engrossing influence of secidpr avo­ is it, in a word, to “redeem the time ?” cations—from “the cares of this world.” Can the time thus occupied be, by Here also, it is true, that it is no crime, any perversion of language, so desig­ but on the contrary, an incumbent nated? Can any one look back on duty, to be “diligent in business”—to the hours spent on any of the so call­ be industrious and zealous in discharg­ ed pleasures of worldly society—the ing the duties of every lawful worldly moments of existence wasted and calling. But it is no less our duty to thrown away at the gaming table, or guard alike our time, and our heart, the race course, at the ball, or the against the undue occupation and en­ theatre, in the idle, thoughtless dis­ croachment of such avocations, how­ sipation either of the aristocratic ever in themselves legitimate; and drawing room, or of the humbler, but this not only because such occupa­ not less frivolous scenes of lower life, tions are secularising in their nature, and yet say that the time thus occu­ even when kept in their proper place, pied has been, in any sense, redeemed but also because they have a natural —gained, secured, satisfactorily and tendency to exceed their limits, and profitably retrieved ? It is impossible. gradually to acquire a preponderating Those who most habitually mingle in and engrossing influence. There are such scenes feel that they cannot say few who do not know how difficult it this. Sons of pleasure—daughters of is, in matters of worldly occupation, fashion—is it not so ? Even now, to draw the line between the neces­ your calmer and better reflection— sary and the unnecessary—the allow­ your secret consciousness of the utter able and the unlawful—and how strong emptiness of all such gratifications— and almost irresistible, the tendency is is enough to tell you that such time with all men to go beyond that line— has only been time that is lost. Or to pass gradually, and almost uncon­ should such not be your admission sciously, from legitimate diligence to now, does not conscience even now deep, absorbing worldliness. Peri- foretell that such will be your judg­ mur legitimis, “we perish by lawful ment at last—that then, in the final things,” is one of the pregnant and and solemn retrospect of life, you truthful sayings of an ancient father. will too truly feel that every such Against gross temptations, and things occupation of its hours has been, obviously criminal, and sudden and not the redemption, but the very broad departures from the path of duty perversion and prostitution of Time? —we are on our guard: it is in the And this ought to be enough for us. secret and unsuspected influence, the We cannot, indeed, devote every mo­ silent and stealthy encroachment, the ment of our life to our higher des­ gradually increasing and finally en­ tinies; nor are we to think that the grossing and overwhelming power of time spent in needful and legitimate lawful things themselves, that our relaxation is lost. But if what we greatest peril lies. Hence the neces­ are doing—deliberately doing as the sity not orily of guarding our affections, habitual element of our existence— but of rescuing our time from undue does not enable us to “redeem the occupation with worldly things. Pro­ time”—to retrieve and secure what bably, there are not a few who read has been already too long lost—we these lines, whose personal experience are violating the divine injunction, does not attest how needful this is; and leaving unfulfilled the great end how insidious is the influence which of our being. secular vocations exert—how unneces­ Again, time is to be redeemed from sary the encroachments they demand. 1847. THE REDEMPTION OF TIME. 21

Let those now engaged in the occu­ themselves on their freedom, in these pations of the world—the men of trade respects, from the obvious faults of and business, of law and diplomacy, others, may just as much be pervert­ of professional and official life, look ing this precious gift of God by trifling back on the events of any given pe­ it away in idle and listless inactivity, riod of the past, even on those only as those who are squandering it in of the year now gone, and say whether dissipation, or prostituting it to the ser­ there have not been many of its hours vice of Mammon. God has made us, and days given to the world, to the and placed us here, not for purposes exclusion almost of every thing else, of indolent self-ease, but of active and which now they see need not have energetic usefulness. In the eye of been so given—that the commonwealth His moral government, to be useless would not have been endangered, nor is to be criminal—in the language of their own business injured, nor even scripture, the “slothful” is the “wicked” the interests of themselves or their fami­ servant;* and it is not only the tree lies affected—if those hours had been that beareth had fruit, but the tree that redeemed from the world altogether— beareth no fruit, that is to be hewn if they themselves had but believed, down, and cast into the fire.f and acted upon the truth of the divine This is a form of the error, rather, promises, “Seek ye first the kingdom let us say, of the sin, condemned by of God, and his righteousness, and all the Apostle, which, while every where these things shall be added unto you— congenial to human nature, needs es­ And let your conversation be without pecially to be guarded against in such covetousness, for He hath said, I will a country as this, where from various never leave thee, nor forsake thee.” causes, there is such a tendency to And even were it, in many instances, inactivity and self-indulgence, and otherwise, which were the better for where, we believe, so much of both yourselves? Whether better, at the the misery and vice that prevail arises close of the year, to be a little richer from no other source. And this, more in the things of earth, or a great deal or less, in all the various classes of richer in those of heaven ? Whether which society consists. better to have a few more pieces of Among our own countrymen, espe­ gold in the coffer, or a great many cially those who come here in early more of God’s graces in the heart? life, whose mental habits are yet im­ Whether better to look back sadly on perfectly formed, and whose profes­ days past, as needlessly sacrificed to sions do not demand peculiar intellec­ Mammon, or gladly to think of them tual exertion, how many errors and as days already redeemed—retrieved even vices spring from no other source on earth, registered and laid up in than indolence—from the idle and va­ heaven ? cant hours, which they allow to pass But it is equally necessary to re­ unemployed and unimproved—from member that we must redeem our their making no effort, in this respect, time from indolence and idleness. And to redeem their time, to rescue it from this both in things temporal and spirit­ inactivity, to devote it to the intellec­ ual. Even with regard to the former, tual culture, and moral discipline of while it is true that time may often be the mind. The dolce fa r niente—the sinfully consumed in a life of care and coveted luxury of doing nothing—has worldliness, or of folly and thoughtless­ often been the origin of the grossest ness, it may also be as sinfully wasted habits of dissipation and profligacy, by a life of sloth and indolence. And many who may be congratulating * Matthew xxv. 26. t Luke iii. 9. John xv. 2. 22 THE REDEMPTION OF TIME. JAN.

closing a career of promise with crime waste of time itself, so also is it here: and dishonor. you only require to do nothing—to Nor is the evil—the curse of indo­ make no exertion—to remain listless lence less discernible, but on the con­ and indifferent—to trifle or dream trary far more so, amongst those who away the passing hours of time—and are more peculiarly the denizens of you have done all that is needed to this land. None who are familiar make shipwreck of Eternity. It is this, with the condition of the lower or­ therefore, that makes the mere passive ders of even our Christian popula­ and indolent consumption of time, one, tion, will hesitate to say that the probably, of the most fatal sources of state of degradation and destitution man’s spiritual ruin. And yet, alas! in which this class of people fre­ how little is its danger remembered, or quently exist is mainly to be ascribed believed, or for one moment thought to their own idle and indolent hab­ of! How many are the hours of im­ its. Naturally listless and apathetic, mortal existence wasted in apathy and averse to physical exertion, and to idleness—in absolutely doing nothing the trouble of learning any useful —as if there ever could be nothing for handicraft occupation, when at any immortal beings to do—as if there time trials or difficulties arise, they were no other and higher objects to are either unable, or still worse, un­ claim the occupation of time—as if willing to make any vigorous and this very waste of it had in it nothing laborious efforts for their own support; either of peril or of sin. How many and destitute of the spirit of honest have perished, and are perishing still, independence, become, all too readily, from nothing more than mere want the indolent hangers on and burdens of exertion—from that wretched and of society—virtually saying in the al­ ruinous indolence of spirit which will tered, but not improved language of the not take the steps, nor make the ef- parable, “I will not dig, but to beg I am orts, nor use the means, which God not ashamed.” We cannot dwell, tells us must be used and taken, if however, on the various temporal evils men would enter the kingdom of which may be traced to mere indo­ heaven.* Nay, how many are there, lence—it is enough to see how perni­ especially in the higher, the better cious as well as criminal is, in this instructed, the most privileged classes respect, the non-fulfilment of the di­ of society, who, instead of deeming vine command, and that it is as need­ the time they have, all too short as a ful to “redeem the time” from the mere fit preparation for futurity, only task passive indulgence of doing nothing, their ingenuity in endeavouring still as from all the actual and positive more rapidly to get rid of it—in de­ forms of doing eviL vising the most effectual means in But above all, is such indolence inju­ order, as they term it, to “kill their rious to our spiritual and eternal well­ time.” To kill time! Though often being. Religion is a positive th in g ; thoughtlessly and unmeaningly utter­ the salvation of the soul, so far as man ed, these are fearful words. What is concerned, requires deep and ear­ do they really mean? W hat is time nest exertion— “strive ye to enter in”— but life itself? And what is to kill it cannot possibly co-exist with a state time, but to destroy—to throw away of mental listlessness and inactivity. the very element of human existence ? On the contrary, to be actually irreli­ It would be hard to say wherein the gious—to peril and ruin the soul— moral guilt of such conduct differs needs nothing more than such a state from that of actual suicide. It is a of inactive passiveness. As in the * Matthew si. 12. 1847. THE REDEMPTION OF TIME. 23

deliberate, systematic course of self- in view in all that has been already destruction. Justly is it so termed by said. Time has been given us, and the Christian poet: is still mercifully prolonged to us, that “Oh what heaps of slain our souls may not perish. And that Cry out for vengeance on us! Time destroy’d time is only effectually redeemed, Is suicide, where more than blood is spilt.” when we are ourselves redeemed— And yet still time must be killed! when it beholds us, and beholds us And this is the language familiarly noio, partakers of the redemption of spoken—this the conduct habitually the cross. Unless this end is attained, pursued by persons who presume to all else is in vain. To w hatever pur­ think themselves Christians! pose any we now address may hitherto But even where this last climax have redeemed their time—without of folly is not reached, is the mere this, its redemption has been useless. ordinary waste of time less perilous to If, during all the days and years of the the soul’s spiritual welfare ? In what past, that day has never yet dawned will all this indolence finally end? on you, in which the Sun of Righte­ Opportunities and means of grace are ousness first shines into the darkened allowed to pass away unimproved— heart—if amid all the hours you have religion, if for a moment seriously sought to rescue from the sweeping thought of, is indefinitely postponed— tide of time, there is still awanting that the acceptable time wanes rapidly eventful, ever-memorable hour, when apace—the day of man’s hope and of the sinner first finds his Saviour, and God’s mercy is sinned, and trifled the soul, as yet lost, becomes the soul away—the dreamer awakes, but too redeemed—then all is yet to be done; late, from his slumber, and finds at the great command is still unfulfilled ; last, that in losing the redemption of your time itself is yet unretrieved; his time, he has lost also the redemp­ and until Christ be found, its every tion of his—soul. R eader! this is no hour must be looked upon as lost. ideal picture. It is the certain issue of We cannot now enter on that part this ruinous habit of delay. “Behold, of our subject, which still, properly now is the accepted time— now is the speaking, remains to be considered— day of salvation.” Would that all fo r what time is to be redeemed—but now trifling away the hours of their this we have already, in some degree, existence would listen to these warn­ necessarily anticipated, and what has ing words of God! Would ye would thus, though only partial!)-, been stat­ listen even to the words of man: ed, must, for the present, suffice. “ Throw years away ? Throw empires, and be blameless. -Moments seize : In the passage of Scripture already Heaven’s as their wing. A moment we may wish, quoted, the duty of “redeeming the When worlds want wealth to buy. Bid day stand time,” is enforced by a particular still, Bid him drive back his car, and re-impart reason—“because the days are evil.” The period past—rcgive the given hour. Doubtless this was originally suggest­ Lorenzo, more than miracles we want, ed by the peculiar circumstances of Lorenzo—O for yesterdays to come !”* the primitive church. The days were And do we need to remind our read­ evil. They were days of trial, of suf­ ers that it is in order to avoid this fering, and of persecution, rendering solemn, but inevitable result—to se­ still more uncertain the proverbial un­ cure the welfare, not of a passing certainty of life, and still more urgent, hour, but of an endless eternity— therefore, the redemption of time. that we now solicit them to “redeem In this peculiar sense, indeed, these the time.” This is the end to be kept evil days are not ours; but, as the * Young: Night II. general condition of human existence, 24 THE REDEMPTION OF TIME. JAN.

its days are still evil. “Man that is ness of our approach to the realities of bom of a woman is of few days, and an eternal world—by each and all of full of trouble.” “Few and evil” are such considerations are all who read still “the days of the years of our these pages more impressively than pilgrimage.” Time is still uncertain. ever solicited and adjured to—“re­ Life is still short. Trial and sorrow deem the time.” “Awake thou that still exist. Death, judgment and eter­ sleepest, and arise from the dead, and nity are still at hand. “The days are Christ shall give thee light.” Or if that evil.” And therefore, as such, and by awakening voice has already been all the solemn considerations which heard and obeyed—“Work while it is they thus suggest, it is still as ever, the called to-day—the night cometh in more needful that these days should be which no man can work.” redeemed. And especially should this To the Christian—walking by faith be remembered by us now. Every and not by sight — these solemn day, indeed, years are ending and be­ thoughts, while they impart deeper ginning, and every moment time, with seriousness, will not occasion need­ equal swiftness, sweeping onwards in less alarm: they will remind him that its course. But the recurrence of the nearer now is the time when he must more marked and definite periods of “finish the work given him to do,” but our existence serves the more vividly that nearer also is “the rest that re- to recall these too easily forgotten maineth to the people of God.” And realities. By the position, therefore, who, to whom has been given this in which we now stand, the duty we hope unspeakable and full of glory, have been considering becomes still will now be faint or weary in the more urgently enforced. By the still works of faith and labours of love? lingering voice of the year that has Who does not desire to imbibe and but yesterday reached its close—by emulate the spirit of the wise and the recollection of its many past days, good Amaud, who, when exhausted neglected and misimproved, and now by his incessant labours in the cause irretrievably lost—by the memory of of science and religion, and solicited all its providential events and solemn by his friends to allow himself some warnings—its beds of sickness, and needful rest—exclaimed, looking up­ chambers of death, and graves yet wards, “Rest! I shall rest in eternity.” fresh and green—by the admonitions “It matters little at what hour o’ the day it has given some, perhaps many of The righteous falls asleep. Death cannot come us, in our own persons, of our frailty To him untimely who is fit to die ; The less of this cold wprld, the more of heaven : and mortality—by the unknown and The briefer life, the earlier immortality. ” uncertain future on which we are H. about to enter—by the increased near­ 1847. REVIEW. 25

REVIEW. THE LORD BISHOP AND THE BIBLE COMPARED : Or, Unitarianism the Catholic and Apostolic Faith. By a Bible Christian. Madras, 1846, pp. 35.

S o m e eighteen months ago a Pastoral gious opponents, or wantonly and need­ Letter was addressed by the Bishop lessly designed to awaken the demon of Madras to the clergy and laity of theological strife. It is the calm of his Diocese. The topic to which and dignified appeal of an Ecclesias­ it chiefly, or rather exclusively related, tical Superior—the faithful and affec­ was the Divinity of our blessed Lord; tionate expostulation of a Christian a doctrine which the Bishop appears Pastor, influenced by a solemn and to have deemed himself imperatively imperative sense of duty, addressing called on to make the subject of such himself to the members of his own an address, on account, to use his flock—to those for whom (according own words, of “the reiterated denial to the constitution of his own church) of” that important truth “which is now he is responsible—and anxious only freely circulated, as he has reason to stir up in their minds the remem­ to fear, throughout Southern India;” brance of the faith once delivered to and in obedience to his own “solemn the saints. Differing as we do from engagement,"’ to be “ready, with all the Bishop on many questions need­ faithful diligence, to banish and drive less to be now mentioned, we feel away all erroneous and strange doc­ that we in no wise compromise our trine from among the people com­ conscientious opinions in thus express­ mitted to his charge.” ing ourselves; but willingly bear our The Pastoral Letter, a copy of testimony to his becoming zeal, in which reached us at the time, was maintaining so essential and vital a well fitted for the purpose its author verity of our common faith, as well as had in view. It makes no pretensions to the Christian spirit in which, on to either erudition, or eloquence; nor this occasion, he has exhibited “the does it allow itself (very properly) to truth as it is in Jesus.” descend to the tone of controversy. From what has been said, it might It contains a brief, simple, and Scrip­ have been expected that such a com­ tural statement of the great truth it position, as that now mentioned, might was intended to inculcate; it exhi­ have been exempted from the onsets bits a most becoming and affectionate of that controversial acrimony which anxiety for the sound faith and spirit­ it was so much calculated to disarm; ual welfare of those to whom it is and that the Bishop’s Pastoral Letter addressed; and though it condemns, might have been allowed, undisturbed, and most justly, in pointed and em­ to attain, under God’s blessing, its in­ phatic terms, the dangerous errors it tended object amongst those to whom was meant to combat, it is charac­ it was addressed. Such, however, was terised by most temperate and for­ not the case. The truth had been bearing language, whenever any re­ too plainly told. Error was unmask­ ference is made to the individuals by ed, and felt itself no longer secure. whom such errors are maintained. In There was danger in allowing such a word—and it is necessary, for rea­ an indirect exposure of Socinianism sons which will hereafter appear, that to remain unnoticed, especially with our readers should remember this— those amongst whom, quietly and in­ the Pastoral is no polemical pamphlet, sidiously, that pernicious system had fraught with invective against reli- hitherto lurked, almost unsuspected. Vol. V.-No. 1. I 26 REVIEW. JAN.

H im illae lachn/mae. And hence the congenial to the natural mind, and querulous and petulant effusion men­ self-conceited reason of man. And tioned at the head of this article, the evil which may be produced by in which an obviously anxious and such publications as the present is, by alarmed effort is made to prop up no means, necessarily dependent on the influence of a meagre system of the existence of any great amount of belief, or rather of scepticism, every­ intellect or learning in their produc­ where fast waning to its decay. tion. A malignant poison may be Although the production in ques­ effectually compounded, without its tion has, we believe, for some time concoctor being either a Borgia, or a been published, and, as we understand, Brinviiiiers. The shallowest empiric very extensively circulated amongst in medical science, who knows no certain classes of the community, it more than the labels of the drugs in is only lately that it reached our less the laboratory, may be able to con­ favoured hands. We were doubtful, coct a deleterious mixture, and palm also, as to the propriety of admitting it off as a genuine medicine, as well the subject into our pages; for we are as the most learned and skilful dealer well aware how often writings of a in pharmaceutics : and in the one case, questionable nature, in respect to as in the other, it is equally necessary morals or religion, acquire, by such that the nefarious imposition should public notice, a notoriety which, of be exposed. It requires no peculiar themselves, they would never have mental capacity, on the part of the attained; and in general, we assent to dishonest huckster, to pass off tainted the maxim, that it is most expedient meat in his stall, under the name of to allow such lucubrations to pass wholesome food; but however con­ unnoticed into that oblivion, to which temptible the intellect that prompted their own insignificance is destined, the delinqency, it is no less requisite, sooner or later, to consign them. If, for the preservation of the public however, on the present occasion, we health, to gibbet the carrion, and pil­ have adopted a different course, it lory the offender. has not arisen from any unusual or Before proceeding to the chief ob­ peculiar merit in the publication itself ject of our criticism—the examination, which we intend to notice. We have namely, of our author’s treatment of been influenced by the important na­ the great truth he has undertaken to ture of the subject impugned, rather impugn—some preliminary remarks of than by any thing formidable in the a more general nature are necessary. attack made upon it. In our opinion, We deem it desirable that our readers the onslaught of the “Bible Chris­ should be made aware, at the outset, tian,” though issuing from a Hindu of the honourable, candid, and charit­ press, is not calculated to produce any able spirit of the writer, who has, on very alarming results 011 the destinies the present occasion, so prominently of Christianity. On the contrary, it put himself forward as the antagonist appears to us, and will we believe, ere of bigotry and intolerance, and the we conclude, appear to our readers, champion of an enlightened and li­ to be, both in logic and theology, a beral Christianity. very sorry and superficial production, To such a mode of criticism we and only calculated, if it have any should not, indeed, have had recourse effect at all, to endamage the cause it ourselves, did not our author’s own was intended to support. But error, language so prominently and ostenta­ and especially error so plausible and tiously invite it. He takes care not insidious as that of Socinianism, is to leave us in any ignorance of the 1847. REVIEW. 27

opinion he entertains of himself; he it must be carefully bome in mind lays claim to the highest and most in the remarks we have yet to offer. estimable attributes of the Christian At present, let us inquire how far the character; he avows himself, at the attractive portrait it delineates is veri­ very commencement of his pamphlet, fied by the subsequent parts of the to be not only the advocate, but the author’s pamphlet. It raises great ex­ possessor of the most liberal, tolerant, pectations: how far are they realiz­ and charitable religious sentiments. ed? It leads us to anticipate the Let our readers judge for themselves. strictest truthfulness and justice, the In one of the introductory passages of most impartial candour, and every the pamphlet the author says, “When evidence of meekness, gentleness and the Unitarian Christian writes, he forbearance, in the pages before us. craves the attention of his opponents, And the writer, who thus so prom­ rather than of his friends,” &c. And inently obtrudes his estimable qual­ then immediately follows a more par­ ities on the notice of the public, has ticular description of the “Unitarian no reason to complain, (as indeed he Christian,” who “w r i t e s in other admits himself to expect, p. 2,) if his words, of the writer himself. “The claims to such a character should be Unitarian Christian, valuing truth for subjected to a strict and rigid scrutiny. its own sake, seeks not to go him­ In this point of view, the name self, nor to lead others into error. which the writer has seen fit to Having no selfish or sectarian ends assume, first claims our attention. in view, his deeds seek no conceal­ He calls himself a “Bible Christian.” ment. He is ever mindful of the com­ We shall not pause, just now, to mandment, ‘Thou shalt not bear false examine the pretensions which So- witness against thy neighbour.’ Con­ cinians have to the appellation of scious of his own short-comings, he Christians. Our own opinion on the upbraideth not, but is charitable to- subject is very decidedly in the ne­ ivards others. When slandered, He gative. But a fitter opportunity for revileth not again; for having con­ considering this subject will occur, stantly before him the spotless ex­ when we have seen the kind of ample of his blessed Lord and Mas­ Christianity to which, on the author’s ter, his desire is to live according own showing, Socinianism lays claim. to righteousness,” &c. “So when the At present, we advert to his assum­ Unitarian Christian believes himself ed designation for another purpose. in possession of an antidote to human When a writer, who professes, as in woe, he hides it not, but calls, and the present case, to prove the reli­ loudly calls, upon all who have it not, gious belief of the vast majority of to share it with him.” (pp. 1, 2.*) professing Christians to be unscrip- tural, and who asserts his own creed We make no observations on the modesty evinced in this self-drawn, to be “the Catholic and Apostolic flattering picture; whether it is con­ faith,” assumes and restricts to him­ sistent with the charity which “vaunt- self, par excellence, the title of a “Bible eth not itself, and is not puffed up,” Christian,” he virtually implies, or our readers are as able as ourselves rather distinctly asserts, that his Chris­ to judge. But the passage demands tianity is the Christianity of the Bible, notice in more than one respect, and and that, consequently, that of his opponents is not. In other words, by * We especially call our readers1 atten­ the very adoption, in a case like the tion to the parts of this extract, which we present, of such a distinctive and ex­ have put in Italics. clusive name, he not only modestly, 28 REVIEW. JAN.

and most logically, begs the whole the title page, to find, at full length, question at issue, but virtually, and the name of the conscientious and of necessity, unckristianizes all who intrepid writer, who so deeply feels do not agree with himself in hold­ his responsibility, and his obligation ing “Unitarianism” to be the Chris­ to avow it. And yet—extraordinary tianity of the Bible—“the Catholic anomaly—our author is anonymous! and apostolic faith.” This conclu­ These courageous avowals issue from sion there is no evading; and it a nameless pen. The author “seeks is, we think, a pretty tolerable spe­ no concealment,” and yet he shel­ cimen of the spirit of the author. ters himself beneath the impenetra­ It is the very essence of bigoted ble cover of anonymous authorship. and intolerant sectarianism—the very Such paradoxes are beyond our power error which Paul condemns, when to reconcile. How a Christian can speaking of those who say, “I am “own” his Lord before men—how he of Christ,”* and who, consequently, can prevent others from concluding imply that none but themselves are that he had “deserted his Master’s so. With this class of charitable cause,” without openly avowing his exclusives our author has, in his very name, and showing who he is who title page, identified himself. And has not deserted that cause—we are this is the man who, “conscious of certainly quite unable to understand. his own short-comings—is charitable Were not the subject so serious, the towards others,” who has “no secta­ inconsistency thus manifested would rian ends in view,” and who “is ever be absolutely ludicrous. As it is, it is mindful of the commandment, Thou simply contemptible. It enables us to shalt not bear false ivitness against estimate the author’s professions at thy neighbour!” their true value. If he really felt what But the author’s fictitious designa­ he thus wrote, he should, and loould tion demands notice in another res­ have openly and honestly avowed him­ pect We have already quoted his self ; if, as is the case, he had no inten­ statement, that “his deeds seek no tion of doing so—whether from want concealment.” In a subsequent pa­ of courage or of honesty, matters not ragraph he is still more explicit. “I —his imposing avowals should never remembered,” he says, when assign­ have been made. As it is, coupled ing the reasons of his publication, with his concealment of himself, they “that he who hid in the earth the become mere hollow professions—vox talent committed to his keeping for et pi-eterea nihil—“full of sound,” in­ a season, was pronounced an un­ deed, but “signifying nothing.” profitable servant; and that were 1 But the self-styled “Bible Christian” to be silent where the faith revealed lays himself open to a still more seri­ by Jesus is spoken of as heresy and ous imputation, on the score of his delusion, those who can so speak anonymous authorship. It must be re­ might conclude that I had deserted membered, that the Pastoral Letter— my Master's cause. But—I rejoice to the document which our author un­ own him as a living Saviour,” &c. scrupulously assails—is no anonymous (page 2.)f- There is no one, we are publication. Its author does not write persuaded, who could read such state­ under the protection of a fictitious ments, in any ordinary publication, name. He necessarily subjects him­ who would not expect, on turning to self to the cognisance of the world, and stands personally responsible for * 1 Corinthians i. 12. every sentiment he utters. Now, in + The Italics are our own. all such cases, it is not only due to 1847. REVIEW. 29

common courtesy, but imperatively modesty of character, the conscious­ demanded by the most obvious equity, ness of inferiority, peculiar personal that, where an author has thus open­ obligations, or the likte, combined with ly avowed himself, the individual who a strong sense of duty, may lead an chooses to make himself his antag­ individual, without avowing his name, onist, should, in this respect, act with to make a temperate and becoming equal openness. It is anything but remonstrance against, what he deems, fair, to say the least, that one man the errors of others, however eminent should thus, in the fulfilment of a and respected. But there is no room sacred and imperative duty, be ob­ for such extenuations in the present liged to stand naked and unprotect­ case. The whole tone of the author’s ed before the eyes of the public ; composition betrays, as we have al­ and that another, who sees fit wil­ ready seen, the absence of every fully and wantonly to attack him, feeling of diffidence, or sense of in­ should do so under the shelter of a feriority; while his mode of addressing mere nom de guèrre—i e. in such a an opponent, whose very office entitl­ manner, as at once to escape all detec­ ed him to deference, is anything but tion, and to evade all personal respon­ courteous or respectful. On the con­ sibility for the sentiments he avows, trary, when our readers have seen, as and the abuse he may utter. Such they will yet do, the use which the conduct is reprobated even among author makes of the nameless and men of honour ; it is utterly inadmissi­ irresponsible position which he has ble among men of religion. Yet such assumed—the unworthy means he is the conduct of our author. Instead employs to disparage both the in­ of generously, or rather equitably, dividual and the doctrine he has as­ placing himself, in this respect, on sailed—the garbled extracts—the de­ the same undisguised footing with liberate misrepresentations—the unjust the respected Prelate he assails, and constructions—the imputation of bad meeting him, like an honourable an­ motives—not to say, the unbecoming tagonist, in fair and open conflict—he language, in which he deals towards skulks under a cowardly shelter, only the Bishop—as well as the unfair and that, like the midnight assassin, he dishonest quotation of Scripture—the may safely stab his enemy in the dark. unwarrantable assumptions—the pal­ And he who thus acts is the “Chris­ pable suppressio veri—the levity and tian”—the “Bible Christian”—the man profanity of expression—which all, whose “desire is to live according to more or less, characterize his treat­ righteousnessand who has “constantly ment of the sacred and momentous before him, the spotless example of his Truth which he impugns—they will, blessed Lord!”* we are assured, see more than enough, We admit, indeed, that an anony­ in the conduct of this anonymous mous reply to a work, whose authorship pamphleteer, to exclude him from the is avowed, is not always or necessarily benefit of all such extenuating sup­ an unworthy and dishonourable act. positions ; and to justify, with refer­ There may be cases, where natural ence to his unscrupulous effusions, the righteous exercise of the most stem * We trust it is scarcely needful to re­ and uncompromising criticism. mind our readers, that according to univer­ sal usage, a Reviewer is necessarily a mere The further prosecution, however, “Nominis Umbra" and that, consequently, of this repugnant, but needful task, we to such an article as the present, the ob­ must reserve to our next number. jections attaching to ordinary anonymous (To be continued.) writings do not apply. 30 BIOGRAPHS’. JAN.

BIOGRAPHY.

BRIEF SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND LABOURS OF THE LATE REV. W. P. CROOK, Ch iefly gathered from his own writings, and with occasional extracts from several publications.

(communicated .)

W i l l i a m P a s c o e C r o o k was bom try, and Mr. Moody was appointed at Dartmouth, in Devonshire, on the to preach on that day. He com­ 29th April, 1775. W hile young, he menced with a very solemn prayer, was subject to religious impressions; and then preached from the fourth but they died away, until, at the age chapter of Matthew, on the temp­ of 19 or 20, he visited London, at tation of our Lord. His words thrill­ which time he appears to have had ed through the heart of young Crook a revival of religious feelings, from with unusual power, and ere the hearing Mr. (afterward Dr.) Waugh. service was concluded, he seemed to He attempted a reformation in his have received light to understand life; in his own words, “He fasted the whole scheme of redemption, and and prayed, but stumbled and fell.” faith to embrace Christ as his Saviour He tried the same plan again and and Redeemer. He felt as one escap­ again, until, in despair, he threw the ed from death, and who had attained reins on the neck of his passions, unto eternal life. The Lord’s Sup­ and said, “I will live as I list.” He per was to be administered, and he was, however, a chosen vessel of almost unconsciously, and under great mercy; and the longsuffering of God excitement, pressed forward among was still to be exercised towards the communicants, and partook of the him. He shortly afterwards met with elements. In returning home, he was Hart’s Hymn Book, and the account in so joyful a state of mind, that he of the author’s experience in the could scarcely refrain from singing preface made a powerful impression “Hallelujah” in the street; and when on his mind, which became so far he reached his closet, he cast himself enlightened, that he felt that he was down before God, and earnestly pray­ an unconverted man, and that, if he ed that he might die. died in that state, he would be lost He soon got acquainted with the for ever. Reading of the benefit that praying people of Tottenham Court Mr, Hart received from attending at Chapel, and used to engage with Tottenham Court Chapel, he found them in prayer. His ardent mind it out during the week, and deter­ now panted with zeal for God, and mined to attend on the next Sab­ a desire to spend his life in his ser­ bath. When the Sabbath arrived, he vice. He heard that the Rev. Mat­ was in a very serious frame, and thew Wilks was seeking for mission­ walking toward the chapel, the first aries to send to the South Sea Islands: verse of the fifth chapter of Ecclesiastes he called on him, and offered himself, came forcibly to his mind, “Keep thy but was rather roughly received, and foot when thou goest to the house rejected as being too young. He of God, and be more ready to hear, read, in the first Number of the Evan­ than to give the sacrifice of fools.” gelical Magazine, of the “School of The prayers of the church of Eng­ the Prophets,” and was advised to land were read with great solemnity, call on Dr. Ilaweis, to make enquiries to which he attended very closely. respecting it. Dr. H. received him Tottenham Court Chapel was then very kindly, and suggested his be­ supplied by ministers from the coun­ coming a missionary; when informed 1847. BIOGRAPHY. 31

that he had been rejected by Mr. much to be remembered by us, and Wilks, he called for pen and ink, all who rejoice in the prosperity of and wrote a letter, which he desired Zion—to see those whose hearts were Mr. Crook to take himself to Mr. already united to the Lord Jesus W ilks; on the receipt of which, Mr. Christ, uniting their best exertions, in W. received him as a pupil, and put promoting the glorious cause, some him under a regular course of study; of them forsaking all that is dear to and under his kind tuition he re­ nature, and freely devoting them­ mained until the sailing of the Duff; selves to spread the Gospel of his his leisure hours being employed in grace, to the remotest corners of the learning a little of various trades, as earth.” he rightly considered that such know­ While the committee of examina­ ledge would render him a more valu­ tion had been procuring missionaries, able, and useful missionary in the the mercantile Directors of the so­ South Sea Islands. ciety had been not less actively The day at length arrived for employed, in purchasing, equipping, the designation of the missionaries and storing, the ship Duff. She was to their important work, which took commanded by Captain Wilson, (who place in Zion Chapel, amidst several was a pious man) and a ‘select crew thousands of people; ten ministers of Christian seamen. belonging to the Society, selected The Missionaries, 24 of whom were from various denominations, engaged single, and four married, embarked in this pleasing, and unusual service. on the 10th August, 1795, expecting Amongst these were an Episcopalian, to join the convoy at Portsmouth, and a Presbyterian, a Seceder, an Inde­ sail with the fleet bound for the East pendent, and a Wesleyan. After a Indies; hoping thus to be under pro­ sermon had been preached, and pray­ tection from the enemies cruisers as ers offered up by these various minis­ far as the rocks of Lisbon; but to ters, each of the missionaries were their disappointment, the fleet had addressed in these words, “Go, be­ left before their arrival, and this cir­ loved brother, and live agreeable to cumstance detained them at Spithead this holy word, (a Bible being put about six weeks, until another convoy in his hand,) publish the Gospel of sailed. our Lord Jesus Christ, according to The evening before their final em­ your calling, gifts, and abilities, in barkation, the missionaries, and their the name of the Father, the Son, wives, together with Captain Wilson, and the Holy Ghost,” to which the and many pious friends of the socie­ missionary replied, “I will, God being ty met, and partook together of the my helper.” Lord’s Supper. In reference to this From the missionary reports of that meeting, one of the number has said, period, we make the following ex­ “If ever God was present, in the tract. “Never can we reflect on the assemblies of his saints, he was pre­ singular solemnity of this impressive sent on that occasion; it was surely scene, the love and union so pre­ a little specimen of what the church valent in every bosom, the fervent in the later days will be, when prayers offered up by the immense love, like death, will level all dis­ congregation, and the Divine benedic­ tinctions; it was even a foretaste of tion that accompanied the discourse heaven.” of the preacher, without feeling the At five o’clock the next morning, most lively emotions of delight, and they prepared to take their leave of thankfulness. It was indeed a scene their native country, embarking from 32 MISCELLANEOUS SELECTIONS. JAN.

Blackwall: multitudes flocked around quesas ; and desired them to consult them, to bid them farewell, and as together, and make up their minds, they sailed down the river, singing as to where each of them would stay. the praises of God, many Christians Sixteen, including the four married were seen on both sides, waving missionaries, declared for Tahiti; ten their hats, and wishing them “God for the friendly Islands; and Mr. speed.” Harris and Mr. Crook for the Mar­ The long voyage was far from quesas. being an unprofitable season, espe­ They arrived at Tahiti, in March cially to the younger missionaries: 1796, on a Sabbath day; the ship much of their time was employed was soon crowded with visitors, and in various studies, and in learning Mr. Crook was delighted to find that the Tahitian language, from a voca­ the first sentence he spoke to them, in bulary, which they had been fortu­ their own language, was quite un­ nate enough to meet with during derstood. Next day, they came to their detention at Spithead. anchor in one of the beautiful bays Captain Wilson’s conduct towards of the Island, and found the natives them was such as won their highest very kind and friendly. They allow­ respect and affection ; and they were ed them the use of a large house, all tinder his control, and looked up which they called the “British house,” to him as a father. In the course of in which hung a portrait of Captain the voyage, he informed them that he Cook, left by that navigator, and on had been directed to place them at the back of which many succeeding three distant groups, viz. at Tahiti, navigators had written their names. the Friendly Islands, and the Mar­ (To be continued.)

f&iscellaucous «Selections.

L o rd R o s s e ’s T e l e s c o p e —Appear­ rock, driven out of the volcanoes, ap­ ance o f the Moon.—The Rev. Dr. Scores- peared to be laid at various distances. by, while recently lecturing on this sub­ ject, stated the moon’s appearance, as Still more interesting discoveries will, seen through the telescope, to be mag­ doubtless, yet be effected by the stu­ nificent. It appeared like a globe of pendous instrument, now, we believe, molten silver, and every object of the constantly employed in its scrutiny of extent of 100 yards was quite visible. Edifices, therefore, of the size of York the heavens, under the guidance of its Minster, (or about twice as large as truly noble possessor. In connection the Banquetting House at Madras,) with this subject, we cannot but regret, might be easily perceived if they had for the sake of the enlightenment of existed. But there was no appearance the age, to have to record the follow­ of anything of that nature, neither was ing— there any indication of the existence of water, or of an atmosphere. There was A t t e m p t to d e s t r o y L o r d R o s s e ’s a vast number of extinct volcanoes, T e l e s c o p e ^-—An act, influenced by several miles in breadth; and a line of the wildest fanaticism, has just been them, in continuance about 150 miles in committed in this neighbourhood, (Ar­ length, running in a straight direction, magh) of which the following are the like a railway. The general appear­ particulars. On Friday evening, three ance, however, was like one vast ruin respectably dressed individuals appli­ of nature, and many of the pieces of ed for permission to view the moon 1847. MISCELLANEOUS SELECTIONS. 33

through Lord Rosse’s telescope. On most laborious calculation from the its being granted, they ascended the observed disturbances. He also an­ platform, and at the moment when the nounced that the planet would pro­ instrument was depressed on a level bably present a disc of about three with the horizon, one of them advanced seconds in magnitude. This announce­ to the extreme end, and cast a stone, ment reached Dr. Galle, at Berlin, on which he must have concealed for the the 23d of September, and on the same purpose, at the speculum. It happily evening Dr. Galle, on comparing the did not take effect, and in the effort he stars in Dr. Bremiker’s chart with the fell, and fractured his right leg. They heavens, found a star of the eighth were immediately arrested, and are magnitude, which was not marked upon now undergoing an examination before the map. The place of this star was the Mayor, William Payton, Esq. as­ accurately observed; and, on compar­ sisted by W. W. Algoe, Esq. and Mr. ing this place with its position on the James Hardin. They state themselves following night, its motion, amounting to be from Cheltenham, and the one to about four degrees in right ascen­ who threw the stone expresses his re­ sion, and 30 minutes in declination, gret, at not having destroyed the teles­ was detected, and this star was proved cope, as he considers it “ a blasphemy to be the expected new planet. for a man to scrutinise too closely the M. Arago has published a note ex works of the Creator,” and affirms that planatory of M. Leverrier’s discovery : “ the right hand of the Lord will yet On examining with great care the be employed to dash in pieces the analytical theory of Uranus, M. Lever­ enemy.”—Irish Paper. rier ascertained that the great irregu­ larity, shown by the observations that Since the foregoing was in type and had been made on the motion of this part of it printed, the following has planet, arose from the action of an un­ come to hand, which we copy from the known body, whose exact position and Berwick Advertiser of October 24. diameter he determined by calculation. Lord Rospe’s Telescope.—The Dublin All the predictions of the theory have Ecr.ning Post publishes a letter from Mr. just been verified, and our solar system Dobbin of Armagh, with whose name is enriched by a planet which is 1,250 the account of the attempt to destroy millions of leagues (about 3,125 mil­ Lord Rosse’s telescope was signed, stat­ lions of English miles) distant from ing it to be a forgery. We are happy the sun. Its volume is about 230 times therefore to state that neither Lord that of the earth. Astronomers will Rosse’s nor Dr. Robertson’s telescope learn, with pleasure, that the position of has been injured, as was conjectured. the new planet is precisely that which The forger of the letter to the Belfast M. Leverrier assigned to it, in the Chronicle will have the insane satisfac­ theory which he sent to M. Galle. tion of having perpetrated a very silly, The diameter, resulting from the ob­ but it must be admitted, a very success­ servations at Berlin, is of three seconds, ful hoax. The mischievous paragraph as M. Leverrier had said. M. Galle has been copied into nearly every news­ appears disposed to call the new planet paper in the three kingdoms. Janus, from considerations borrowed from the hypothesis that it may be T h e N e w P l a n e t .—The discovery on the confines of our solar system. by the French Astronomer, M. Lever- M. Leverrier, to whom belongs the rier of a new planet beyond the bound­ right of naming it, does not agree to aries of our solar system, as hitherto the too significative name of Janus, known, must rank as one of the most but will consent to any other—Nep­ wonderful scientific achievements of tune, for instance—which would have our time. From an attentive examina­ the assent of astronomers. tion of the movements of Uranus, it The following are announced as the had been for some time certain that dimensions and orbit of the new planet: it was affected by some unknown influ­ The present distance of the new ence, and a conjecture was formed that planet, expressed in common measure, a planet existed beyond it, disturbing is about 3,200,000,000 English miles its motions. from the sun, and about 3,100,000,000 To M. Leverrier belongs the honour from the earth. Its distance from of discovering the hitherto unknown Uranus—whose motion it disturbs— world. On the 31st of August he is about 150,000,000 of miles. Its diam­ made public the elements of the orbit eter is estimated at 50,000 miles. of the supposed planet, deduced by That of Uranus is about 35,000; of Vol. V.—No. 1. E 34 MISCELLANEOUS SELECTIONS. JAN.

Jupiter, 86,000; of Saturn, 79,000; while an integral, but unknown mem­ of the Earth, 8,000. Its cubic bulk is ber of our own great family circle. to that of the Earth as 250 to 1. The How varied and endless are the con­ new planet is the largest in our system except Jupiter and Saturn ; and since jectures and inquiries, to which this these two planets, as well as Uranus, fact instinctively gives rise! Are we are each attended by a train of satel­ also known to this newly discovered lites, it is extremely probable that the denizen of our universe ? and by what new planet will have a similar accom­ name are we registered in the archives paniment. Mr. Lassell, of Starfield, Liverpool, of his astronomy ? Or are we too in­ has since written to state, that he be­ significant to be detected by the un­ lieves he can discern a ring surround­ known organs of vision of our remote ing the planet, as well as a satellite and gigantic brother? Is his mighty attending it. “At the distance of about surface still a lonely, unpeopled waste three diameters of the disc of the planet, —or is it teeming with its masses of in­ northwards, and not far from the plane of the ring, but a little following it, telligent inhabitants—the workmanship was situate a minute star, having every of our Father’s hand, and the worship­ appearance of a satellite. With respect pers of His glory ? But waiving specu­ to the existence of the ring, I am not lation—to ourselves, as Christians, all able absolutely to declare it, but I such achievements of science—ought received so many impressions of it, always in the same form and direction, to be deeply—doubly interesting; aug­ and with all the different magnifying menting not only, as they do, our powers, that I feel a very strong per­ knowledge of the magnificent and glo­ suasion, that nothing but a finer state of rious works of our Creator, but, by the atmosphere is necessary to enable every fresh discovery of worlds vaster me to verify the discovery. Of the exis­ than our own, deepening our grateful tence of the star, having every aspect of a satellite, there is not the shadow of and adoring sense of the Love, that has a doubt.” made our comparatively humble abode This discovery of the ring and satel­ the scene of its most wondrous manifes­ lite is interesting, as completing that tation. “When I consider thy heavens, chain of uniformity and order we find the work of thy fingers”—and every pervading the whole creation. Thus new and mightier work which those the system of the universe, the work of Almighty Intelligence, assists man fingers have made—“what is man, that in his researches, and enables him to thou art mindful of him ? And the son proceed, almost with certainty, from one of man, that thou visitest him ?” discovery to another.— Galignani. We shall not fail to record any fur­ Most of our readers are, probably, ther information that may be received already aware of this recent astrono­ on this interesting subject. mical discovery; but we deem it too important to omit being recorded in our THE GREAT WESTERN IN A HURRICANE. pages. In a scientific point of view, Some of our friends returning from the precise coincidence of the locality the meeting of the Evangelical Alli­ of the hitherto undetected planet with ance in London, were exposed to great the antecedent calculations of its dis­ danger from a violent hurricane at sea. coverer, is certainly one of the most Under these circumstances they not signal triumphs which theoretical as­ only engaged in other religious exer­ tronomy has probably ever achieved. cises, but celebrated the communion of To the most ordinary and unlearned the Lord’s Supper, in expectation that minds, also, there is something un­ they should no more partake of that usually strange in the mere idea of our cup until they drank it new in their now, for the first time, making the ac­ Father’s kingdom. Sixty of different quaintance of a (to us) new constituent creeds and nations thus communed of our planetary system ; which, all un­ together with the prospect of being suspected by ourselves, has, for ages, shortly in eternity. We transfer the been rolling on his course—all the principal part of the account, as given 1847. MISCELLANEOUS SELECTIONS. 35

in the Watchman of October 21, to our seemed driven through the rigging and pages: over the ship, as if with demoniacal “ About one p. m. whilst most of the power. As darkness came, clustered passengers were seated in agonising together in the cabin, the passengers suspense in the lower cabin, holding all thought and reflected on their fate. fast to the tables and settees, a sea Most, if not all of them, had given struck the vessel, and a tremendous themselves up for lost. For what with crash was Heard on deck. Instantly the heavy labouring of the ship, the the cabin was darkened, and torrents terrible noise and howling of the wind, of water came pouring through the the continued frequent thumpings of skylights. Scarcely had the waters the sea, the quivering and shaking reached the floor, when all in the of the groaning timbers, the carrying cabins and state-rooms sprang to their away of so many portions of the ves­ feet, and simultaneously, as if by con­ sels upper-works, and the knowledge cert, the ladies uttered a scream of that they were, perhaps, for another agony, so painful, so fearful, and so des­ night, to be exposed to the full power pairing, the sound of it will never be for­ of a raging hurricane, left little to gotten. Several fainted—others clasp­ hope for. In the evening, about nine ed their hands in mute despair, whilst o’clock, the Rev. Mr. Balch, at the many called aloud upon their Creator. request of several passengers, adminis­ “The crash was caused by the tear­ tered the Holy Communion in the ing up of the benches and other wood­ cabin to upwards of sixty persons, work on the quarter-deck. These were many of whom received it there for hurled with violence against the sky­ the first time in their lives. Several lights by the same sea which broke applied to him as to the propriety of the windows of the saloon, drenching their embracing that occasion to fulfil a the berths on the larboard side, driving long cherished purpose of their hearts out their affrighted occupants, whilst it but which, like many other ‘good smashed by its weight the glass over thoughts,’ had been deferred to ‘a more the main cabin, and thus forced its way convenient season.’ They all commu­ below. This was a period of intense nicated ; together with others of almost emotion. So violent were the shocks every creed and nation. It was a most of the vessel, although firmly braced, it solemn scene. Mr. Balch first read was with great difficulty the passengers the service appointed for a storm at could prevent themselves being hurled sea, after which the whole Communion from their seats, and dashed with such office. The terrible conflict of the ele­ violence against a part of the vessel as ments, which raged without, was ren­ to endanger life or limb. Many receiv­ dered yet more striking by the im­ ed severe contusions and bruises, not­ pressive stillness which pervaded that withstanding all their efforts. company of Christ’s disciples within. “ It was an awful hour. The most Gathered around the table, they re­ thoughtless cowered in their hearts be­ ceived with hearts deeply moved, the fore a danger which none but a fool or consecrated emblems of the Redeem­ a brute would have mocked; and all er’s body and blood. All felt com­ therefore accepted the invitation to forted by the blessed ordinance of meet in the cabin for prayer. The grace. Many a bosom, before tossed Rev. Mr. Marsh read the 107th Psalm. with fear, was now tranquil, through The Rev. Dr. Smucker prayed. The faith. Once more all renewed their Rev. Dr. Beecher made a few solemn vows, and realised the peace of God remarks. The Rev. Dr. Balch repeat­ shed abroad in their hearts, and felt, ed the words of Our Saviour, ‘Let with a vividness, perhaps never before not your heart be troubled; ye be­ known. ‘Your life is hid with Christ lieve in God, believe also in me,’ in God.’ Oh ! it was a night and a commenting briefly on their consoling communion long to be remembered ! import, and then invited all present “ On Monday noon, the storm ceased ; to join with him in prayer; after which but the sea continued more violent till he pronounced the Apostolic Benedic­ two p . m. at which time it ceased gradu­ tion. The wind, far from abating, ally with the wind—having lasted about was on the increase, the lulls in the 36 hours; during which time the officers storm being less frequent, and the and crew conducted themselves with squalls, if anything, more terrific. The great coolness and presence of mind. whole ocean was one sea of foam, “ On Tuesday morning all assembled lashing up into terrible waves wild in the cabin to render an act of com­ and angry, whilst the spray and wind mon prayer and thanksgiving. The 36 THINGS NEW AND OLD. JAN.

Rev. Dr. Smucber read a Psalm, and the sea became rough, and the surf the Rev. Dr. Beecher addressed the was high on the deep, with very heavy passengers at length, and with much squalls during the day, and following force, on the mercy they had experi­ night, but still there was nothing to enced, and prayer was offered. After alarm us; on Monday morning the the services were ended, the passen­ barometer sunk to 29.50, and we began gers drew up a resolution expressive of to fear. thanks to Almighty God for their deliv­ “The lightning during the night was erance, and also a most complimentary of the most terrific description, yet address to the captain and officers of the only twice did we hear the thunder, ship. They subscribed a sum of £ ‘200 and then very indistinctly, on account —£80 for the captain, and the rest for of the roaring of the wind. At mid­ the officers and crew ; and presented the night, the barometer was 28.0, and money in two beautiful purses worked between that and ten o’clock, the wind by two of the female passengers.” changed to south-west, and blew ten times more fiercely than before. We DESTRUCTIVE HURRICANE IX now expected to be crushed beneath RAROTONGA. the ruins; we had scarcely any hope Tidings have been received by the left. The island appeared to shake to its centre. We were speechless— directors of the London Missionary all we could do was to look to God, and Society, of a destructive hurricane ask sparing mercy. At one a . m. the which passed over Rarotonga, the prin­ barometer was at its lowest, 27.20. At cipal Island of the Hervey group, in two, it had risen to 28.0; at four, to the South Pacific Ocean, on the 15th 29.0; and at six, to 29.50. The wind began to moderate about three o’clock. of March last, by which nearly every The water was six feet deep in our building was overthrown, and the peo­ premises, and the whole place was ple left without food or shelter. There one sheet of water.” is reason to fear that the other islands of the group have equally felt the gale. TheM agneticTelegraph. —The con­ Prompt exertions have been made to nexion of the Atlantic and Lake Erie, send out, with all possible despatch, by Magnetic Telegraph, a distance of supplies of food and clothing, together 507 miles, was celebrated September with building materials, for the restora­ 9th. On turning the adjusting screw tion of the fallen houses and chapels. of the Magnet, Professor Morse found all right, and sent his compliments to, Rev. A. Buzacott, writing to his chil­ and received answers from all the dren under date March 29th, 1846, says, seven stations on the route, in ten “On Sabbath last, the loth March, minutes.

T h e O r ig in o f E v i l .—The question that He would, if he could, banish all of original sin is allied with that of sin, and wretchedness from that sys­ the origin of evil; and a very deep tem of things, over which we have and unyielding obscurity hangs over been in the habit of thinking that He it—how, in a universe framed and up­ has the entire and undivided ascendan­ held by a Being, of whom we are cy; nor can we at all imagine, how, taught to believe, that He has an arm with both the will and the ability of of infinite power, and a heart of infi­ omnipotence leagued against it, sin nite goodness—such a monster as evil, should ever have found an entrance, whether moral or physical, should even or obtained a footing, in any of those be permitted to exist, is indeed a mys­ fair worlds that surround the throne tery, seated too far back among the of the universal Father. Yet so it is; depths of primeval creation, and of the and man, with all the tone of an indig­ eternity behind it, for us, the puny nant sufferer, is heard to lift his re­ insects of a day, to explore, or to de­ monstrances against it—as if he bore cide upon. One would think of God, the whole weight of an injury, laid 1847. THINGS NEW AND OLD. 37

upon him at the pleasure of an arbi­ saints is precious. Let me enforce the trary tyrant, who has laid open his immutable love of your God, and pro­ dominions to the cruel inroads of a claim to you the truth of your Re­ spoiler, who, but for Him, would have deemer. You have already known neither had the power, nor the liberty him as the way; on your death-bed you of mischief. But, without making so will find him the truth; and he will much as an attempt to solve the diffi­ quickly welcome you to the gate of culties of a topic so inscrutable, we Zion, as the eternal life. may at least say, that one thought has My dear sister, be of good cheer; occurred, which, more than any other, lay hold of Jesus as the anchor of melts us into acquiescence—and dis­ your soul. Was it ever heard that any poses us to look on the rise and con­ one, who fled to Him for refuge, was tinuance of evil, as being, indeed, deserted in a trying hour ? was it ever some dire, though mysterious necessi­ known that He suffered one of his ty, which over-hangs creation—and sheep to be plucked out of his hands ? that is, that after all, it is not man Has He not said, “I will never leave who bears the whole burden of this thee, nor forsake thee?” “When thou dark and awful visitation. Neither is passest through the waters, I will be it any other creature beside man. It with thee;” “Fear not, thou art mine.” is the Creator, in fact, who offers to These are exceeding great and pre­ take upon himself the whole burden cious promises, on which you may of it; or, at least, to relieve our species safely rest. If your faith be weak, yet of it altogether. It is at His cost, and waver not. The promise is to the not at ours, unless we so choose it, weak, as well as to the strong; yea, that sin has invaded the world we to all those who can say, “Thou know- tread upon. It was He, the Eternal est, Lord, that I love thee.” Son, who went forth to the battle While you have life, magnify the against this hydra; and who, in the praises of Him who hath called you soreness of His conflict, bore what with such a holy calling. Evince to millions, through eternity, could not the world, that the Bible is not a cun­ have borne; and who, though He had ningly devised fable. Seek to glorify all the energies of the Godhead to God in your death, and, assuredly, He sustain Him, yet well-nigh gave way will give you faith to do it. Speak under the pressure of a deep and dread­ from your dying-bed of the things of ful endurance; and who, by His tears, the kingdom, to which you are has­ and agonies, and cries, gave proof to tening; impart your views of the vani­ the might of that mysterious adversary, ties of life, for the benefit of those over whom He triumphed. Yes, we who survive you. Pray that a double murmur because of the origin of evil. portion of your spirit may rest upon But Christ was the mighty Sufferer, your brother; that he may gladden who hath borne it away from us; and your eyes, at the last day, with a view let us hazard what reflections we may of many souls whom he has brought on those who die in ignorance, or who with him to glory. Leave him such die in infancy—yet, in regard to you exhortations, encouragements, and re­ who are hearing us, every ground of proofs, as an immediate prospect of complaint is annihilated. CHRIST is heaven may inspire you to give. offered; and you, by confidence in Him, and cleaving unto Him, will reach And now, let me conduct you as far those happy shores of peace, and light, as I can, even to the gates of Jeru­ and joy, where all sin is for ever ban­ salem. Many a song will be sung, many a harp be strung, on your en­ ished, and all evil is unknown.—C h a l ­ m e r s . trance into the kingdom of heaven. Who is this that I see foremost to welcome you ? Is it not your grand­ L e t t e r to a D y in g S i s t e r .—I re­ father, or your father? My dear sis­ joice to hear that you are about to ter, what joy is this ! They, accom­ enter into the joy of your Lord; to panied by a heavenly host, conduct behold the Saviour whom you love, you to your Saviour, your king, and face to face; to be clothed by him in your God. Then your glory begins; a spotless robe, and presented to the you are crowned with honour and im­ Father, as an heir of everlasting glory. mortality. You join in the never-end­ Let me encourage you to pass over Jor­ ing song of “Worthy the Lamb,” and dan’s flood with a resolute step, undis­ drink of the pleasures which are at mayed ; let mere mind you of the prom­ God’s right hand for evermore.—C l a u ­ ise of Him, to whom the death of his d iu s B u c h a n a n . 38 POETRY. JAN.

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He is gone to the graTe ■where his forefathers lie, Each IcaTes it, when dying, a gift to the next: A nd why should we mourn him, who came but to die? A gift that is poured with reproach on the soul, Tho* years, as they leave us, (when who can refuse) “ Why waste ye my moments, with Heav’n for a Lay claim to a dirge from humanity's muse; goal ?” W hy heed we their pleasure, who reck not of ours, B ut checquer right rudely theii quick-fleeting hours? “No more will we waste them.” How pleasant each phrase, “ Not theirs are their sorrows and joys, I avow, T hat custom hath framed for Time’s whitest of days! He worked for a Master who vanished but now.’' It dawns, and we brook not a doubt or a fear, W hat then ? while he lived had we treated him well, Hope will not be Beared from her happy new y ea r; ’Twere meet we had sighed our regrets at his knell; No thoughts but the fairest that season allows ; But the friend we repaid with ingratitude’s wrong, Our friends have kind wishes—and God hath our Cold decency mocks by lamenting in song. vows.

We hare welcomed, and wasted, and buried in For soften’d and sham’d by the day, we confess rhyme, How lavish His mercy to spare and to bless ; Many sons, good as he, of that Adamite Time: How poorly that mercy our lives have repaid, For all they imparted that life still endears, How oft we have slighted Him, mocked, disobeyed; For all they have taught by affliction and tears, Till, born of regret for a profitless past, How idle each tribute, each lay of the Past, Good aims have their triumph—Ah, would it might Whose moral is lifeless, and bare as the last! last!

Shall this be the first of a Series new, To the lost year, when young, of the pledges we gave To sort with the journal that gives it to riew ? How many bore fruit ere he went to his grave ? Oh,cull—nor in vain—from the year that hath flown, Then prayed we for help from the Spirit of love, The wisdom which mortals are mad to disown, To ripen each purpose instill'd from above ; And the year that is young, when we sing him to rest, But made we that guest of our being a part, W ill leave not a cloud on the tTanquilised breast! By nursing His flame that can hallow the heart?

Our lost friend’s mute sermon the muse may forego, Too bravely doth confidence rush on the strife Ye hare honoured, or scorned it, and cannot but Which opes to the victor the portals of Life. know. Hence, oft when we deem that the battle is won, Whence came ye—what are ye—where ought ye to Surpris'd by our foe, we are routed—undone: be, W e have clung to the Cross—we will shelter us there! When Time shall have merged in Eternity’s sea— It is snatched from our grasp, and again we despair. Your souls who hath ransomed—all this can ye tell, And what shall determine their Heav’n or Hell. That vie—to disfigure the record of years, Repentance and effort with failure and tears. The same were the truths which our friend, in his Yet warn’d by defeat, if on Him we depand flight, Who only can make us endure to the end, Still pressed on the Christian who read him aright. No shame we incur in our combat with sin He told of the duties they bid us fulfil, Shall lose us the portion He wills us to win. The terrors they prompt, and the joy they instil; The blessings our cold hearts are prone to forget, And look not the saints on their struggles of old And the love that will cancel our measureless debt. A sa dream th a t has fled—as a tale th a t is told ? Ev'n thus shall w e deem of the bliss and the woe Yes—thus hath he taught, since his being began, Hope’s happy new years made our portion below, And thus will his heir be the teacher of man. When Faith of each promise is fully possess’d Years have but one moral, though varied their text— That saved her from death in a world of unrest!

L a ic u s. t 1847. RELIGIOUS AND MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE. 39

2MtBtotts anti J&tsstouarfi irntelltaencc.

ed courage. This old man had two mangroves in his hand, which he gave S c o t l a n d .—An important ecclesiasti­ the second mate of the vessel, receiving cal movement has just been effected at in return a piece of iron. A boy of Glasgow. The Synods of the United about thirteen, observing the ring on Secession, and of the Relief Church, the bishop’s finger, offered for that two have been sitting in that town, and mangroves. But it was soon evident, deliberating on the long agitated pro­ from the bright axes which many of the natives had in their hands being on posal for an union of the two churches handles four or five feet long instead of —old off-shoots, the English reader may short helves as usual, that they were be told, of the Church of Scotland, and prepared for something very different differing from it not in doctrine or form from traffic ; and the party began to re­ of worship, but solely in discipline. A treat to the boat. It was too late. A native came behind the bishop, and committee of the Secession Church re­ struck him a violent blow with an axe, ported that the two bodies were “sub­ raised with both hands. The natives stantively one in devotion, worship, then yelled, and attacked each individ­ and orderand advised that they ual of the party, who fled for the boat. should be united. Frequent commu­ One of the priests, and the second nications took place by deputy, be­ mate, received cuts on the head, and two others were wounded; but a pistol tween the two Synods. At the last fired from the boat made the natives, sitting of either, on Wednesday, it was except three, run into the bush. These announced that the terms of “ the basis three endeavoured to strip off the of union” had been mutually affirmed, clothes of the bishop; but one of the and that the two churches were now priests running with a cutlass to the rescue, and a musket being fired from one. The two Synods, still sitting se­ the boat, all retreated. The dying bi­ parately, adjourned, to meet severally shop was carried on board, and surviv­ in Edinburgh, on the 10th May next; ed three days, but remained insensible. the union to be consummated on the This deplorable event seems to have 12th May. arisen from over-confidence in the sa­ vages, who on their part have proba­ bly received wanton provocations from jFovcfflll. unprincipled white men visiting their S o u t h S e a s : M u r d e r o f a B i s h o p .— coasts. The Maurcicn of July 24, gives par­ ticulars of the murder of the French S y r i a .—A Revival among the Nestori- Missionary Bishop of Sion at the Isle ans of this country appears recently to of Ysable, as taken from the Sydney Journals. This melancholy event oc­ have taken place, and of so marked curred about the 20th December, 1845. and decided a character, as to demand It appears that the Bishop landed with the attention, and elicit the thankful­ two priests and two laymen, at a place ness of all interested in the progress of inhabited by what is called the “ un­ the Kingdom of the Redeemer. From friendly tribe,” for the purpose of se­ the (American) Missionary Herald, we lecting some place for a settlement. He was warned of danger, but went select the following extracts— unarmed, as did most of the seamen. “ The nature of this work has been The natives, who after a time appeared more remarkable even than its extent. on the beach to the number of a hun­ It began in January, and was still in dred or more, at first manifested signs progress near the close of June, (our of fear, and retired most of them into latest date,) and has resulted in the the bush; but an old man with long hopeful conversion of more than one white hair having ventured, though hundred souls, including a number of with trepidation, along side the boat ecclesiastics. About twenty members which the party had left, and seeing no of the female seminary, about thirty in arms in it, they appear to have gather­ the seminary for males, perhaps forty 40 RELIGIOUS AND MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE. JAN.

in the village of Geog Tapa, (or more extasy, no violent emotion of joy; but than sixty, including the converted a sweet peace took the place of deep members of the two seminaries belong­ distress, and was seen on the counte­ ing to that place,) and others in Kara- nance, and caused the heart to flow jala, etc. on the plain, and also in the with gratitude and love. There was mountain district of Tirgerwer, are also great tenderness of conscience, the results of this gracious visitation. and an uncommon disposition to spend That the hand of God is in this, there time in prayer. Places enough for can be no doubt. secret prayer could scarcely be found, “ 1. The hand of God was visible in till a removal of the seminaries to Seir, its commencement. That was sudden, in the summer, placed the solitudes and nearly at the same time in both of the hills within reach of the pupils. institutions, and not the result of any During as many as sixteen hours of communication from one seminary to the twenty-four, the voice of prayer the other. No peculiar means had did not cease to be heard. Many indi­ been used, in addition to the faithful viduals spent several hours every day exhibition of Christ and him crucified in this holy employment. The natural as the lost sinner’s only hope ; and that love of the Nestorian mind for figur­ theme had been proclaimed just as it ative language, combined with the had been for a long time previously. ardent feelings of new-born souls, ren­ No one doubted the existence of a work dered their prayers exceedingly apt of grace from its very outset. In the and touching. ‘At one time,’ says Mr. seminary for males not a single indi­ Stoddard, ‘they are praying that the vidual had been convicted of sin, or dog may have a single crumb from manifested a spirit of earnest inquiry, the table of his master ; at another, they during the year 1845, nor until the are smiting on their breasts by the side 19th of January last. But, on the 22d of the publican; at another, they are of that month, Mr. Stoddard’s study prodigals, hungry and naked, and far was crowded with inquirers till a late from their father’s house; again, they hour in the evening ; and the same sink in the sea and cry out, ‘Lord, save spirit of inquiry prevailed in the female me, I perish;’ again, poor, diseased, seminary. It was the Lord’s work. outcast lepers, they come to the great “2. God’s hand has been visible in Physician for a cure. Those who have the nature of the work. One man, given themselves to Christ, now build from the mountains of Koordistan, said their house on the Rock of Ages, while his sins appeared to him to be higher the waters are roaring around them; and heavier than the mountains of his now they wash the feet of their Re­ native country, and that, were there deemer with tears and wipe them with no punishment in the future world, he the hairs of their head; and now, hav­ could not endure the thought of living ing become the soldiers of the cross, such a life as he had hitherto spent. they plant the blood-stained banner in The work is a genuine work of the the inner citadel of their souls.’ Spirit. Sinners have been convicted “In the villages, the people show the of their need of Christ. ‘Never,’ says same interest and solemnity. But a lit­ Mr. Stocking, ‘anywhere, have I wit­ tle over three months before the time of nessed in awakened sinners apparently the present annual meeting, Mr. Stod­ more thorough convictions of sin, a dard sent two of his pupils to a village, deeper sense of their lost and ruined where the people scarcely ever heard state, and inability to save themselves, any preaching. The people gather­ than waB manifested in the generality ed to hear them in considerable num­ of cases in the school and around us. bers, were much affected, and entreat­ Days and weeks together, devoted al­ ed them with tears to stay a few days, most exclusively to religious conversa­ that they might be instructed more tion with inquirers, in various stages fully in the way of life. Mr. Stoddard of interest among the pupils of this says this is by no means a solitary [the female] school, and with the ma­ case ; it is of frequent occurrence ; and jority of those interested in Mr. Stod­ he cannot doubt that there is a general dard’s seminary, led me to feel that awakening among the people to hear as genuine and wonderful a work of the Gospel. divine grace has been wrought here, as “And there has been a great and any I have ever witnessed in revivals visible change in the morals of that in America.’ When the law had done large and densely settled village of a its appropriate work, and had brought thousand souls. Speaking of a Sab­ the sinner to Christ, there was no bath in May last, Dr. l’erkins says, in 1847. RELIGIOUS AND MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE. 41 a letter not yet.published, that few vil­ Pasha, Minister of Foreign Affairs. lages in New England are stiller than This result has been brought about Geog Tapa was on that day. He re­ mainly through the influence of Sir marks, that ‘any instance of open vice Stratford Canning, the British Ambas­ in the village has come to be noticed as sador. It ought not to be supposed, something very reprehensible, and an however, that pious Armenians will exception to the prevailing state of hereafter be free from molestation. things; whereas, before this reforma­ Twelve men were recently seized by tion, the absence of most species of im­ Turkish police officers and'thrown into morality would have formed the excep­ prison, on account of some pretended tion. I was told, also, that labourers informality in the hiring of a house. in the field, who were formerly much It was undoubtedly a device of their given to profaneness and mutual revil­ enemies. They were discharged, after ing, now exercise a strong restraint on spending one night in prison. The each other, reproving one another, as brethren were confined in one room, occasion may occur, by repeating texts and they spent most of the time in of Scripture^ such for instance as, singing and prayer, ‘and the prisoners ‘Every idle word that men shall speak, heard them.’ Four times, in the course they shall give account thereof in the of the night, did the Turkish officer day of judgment!’ ’ in command send for one of them to “Some may think that a genuine come up to his room, to answer ques­ work of grace among this people must tions in regard to this so-called ‘new have given rise to persecution. But way;’ and he heard more about the the absence of persecution is suffici­ Gospel that night than he had during all ently accounted for in the report of the his life before ; though we do not know Prudential Committee, by a reference that, like the jailor at Philippi, he truly to the very peculiar circumstances of repented of his sins. Their fellow pri­ the people, and the mission. Mr. soners were of several different na­ Stoddard, also, writing in the middle tions, and among them were some noisy of June, makes these remarks: ‘Our and blaspheming Greeks, who ridi­ young Christians, so far from being culed these evangelical men, and told exposed to the persecutions which befal the Turkish prisoners that they were the evangelical Armenians in Turkey, infidels. The Turks replied to the hardly know yet what it is to meet Greeks, ‘These men are good men, and with serious opposition of any kind. you are the infidels; for these men We hope it may be the design of God have prayed to God several times in to renovate this ancient and compa­ the course of the night, but we have ratively pure church by a gradual not seen you pray once.’ The Greeks enlightenment, without those storms said, ‘We pray in our hearts.’ ‘No,’ which have rent other churches asun­ replied the Turks, ‘we cannot believe der. Whatever may be his design, that you pray in your hearts, so long however, our duty is plain, humbly and as you utter so many blasphemies prayerfully to follow the leadings of with your mouths. Look at these men his providence. ‘There are diversities whom you call infidels. They not only of operations, but it is the same God do not utter blasphemies, but all their which worketh all in all.” words are good words. You are infi­ “Here, then, among the Nestorians dels and they are good men.’ Surely we see unquestionable evidence of a it is worth while for our brethren to be glorious work of God. Does the his­ put in prison, when such opportunities tory of the oriental churches refer to are given for preaching the Gospel!” a revival so pure and genuine as this, since the age of the apostles ? Has there probably been one anywhere in P e r s e c u t io n in M a d e i r a .—A letter Asia so worthy of being called a work which I have received this morning of the Holy Spirit, excepting that from Madeira, brings the intelligence now in progress among the Armenians, that the church of native converts in since the early ages of the Christian that island is completely broken up, church ?” and being scattered in fragments upon distant shores. The harassing persecu­ C onstantinople : S c e n e in a P r is o n . tion carried on there against God’s —Mr. Dwight says, in a letter dated people by the Man of Sin, and which May 13, “The Armenian brethren in has recently burst forth with so much Constantinople have all been restored violence, has compelled them to adopt to their shops by order of Reschid the resolution of abandoning their na­ Yol. V.—No. 1. F 42 RELIGIOUS AND MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE. JAN.

tive island, and of seeking among Religious Bigotry at Madeira.— strangers an asylum for themselves, Madeira, August 12. On the afternoon and for the Word of God. A hundred of the 2d of August, the Canon Carlos and eighty of them, including chil­ Telles, accompaniid by a mob of the dren, were about to sail from Madeira lowest rabble in town, assaulted several in an emigrant ship bound for Trinidad. individuals, men and women, who were Seventy of these had embarked before said to have been in the house of the the 18th of last month. Another ves­ Misses Rutherford (two English ladies sel was expected, which was to take an residing here for their health,) for the additional number likewise to Trinidad. purpose of reading the Bible and pray­ The rest of the converts were effecting ing. The priest, with a crucifix in his their escape from Madeira by other hand, commenced the affray by beating vessels, bound for other lands. The one of those persons who was quietly local Government seems to be desirous walking home. At night the same of facilitating their emigration, for it mob broke into the house of the Misses had issued a proclamation to the effect, Rutherford, and under the pretence of that all of them might obtain passports searching for heretics, rummaged all without exhibiting certificates from the the premises, even to the chamber priests of their respective parishes, or where one of the ladies was lying dan­ making a personal appearance at the gerously ill. The police, on being police-office. called to interfere, entered the house, Many of the converts were still in and pretended to restore order, but it their hiding-places among the moun­ was evident that it was their intention tains. The seventy who were on board rather to encourage than to quell the the emigrant ship had been all previ­ riot; three men only, out of an im­ ously in hidings; their houses had mense crowd who filled the house, been forced open and pillaged; and were taken up, and even these were many of them had nothing left of allowed to escape, under the plea that earthly substance but the clothes that they were quietly passing by at the they wore. They knew in themselves, moment, and were only accidental however, that in heaven they have “a spectators. The authorities took no better and more enduring substance” steps either to punish the priest or any than that of which they had been of the rabble, or to prevent the recur­ spoiled. Driven from all besides, they rence of similar outrages, beyond an clung to the Lord as their portion. My attempt to cover their connivance by correspondent, who was on board the calling witnesses before the police ma­ same vessel, writes: “The sound of gistrate, to depose what they knew of their hymns is very sweet as it rises the matter, but only such were called from the tide. Martiulio’s (an elder) as they knew would misrepresent the prayer last night was full of the Spirit. affair, and not criminate the priest or It is a great privilege to be near them any of the rioters. It was a most shame­ in their time of need, and to be able to ful and impudent farce. say that their faith does not fail.” On the Monday and subsequent days, The Lord has wonderfully upheld it was publicly talked of in town, that his people amidst the buffetings of this a larger mob intended on the Sunday storm, and enabled them to “overcome following to attack the house of Dr. by the blood of the Lamb,” and by the Kalley, destroy and burn his property, testimony which they held. One has and put the doctor forcibly on board been murdered, others have been beaten the English steamer, which was ex­ almost to death. A woman, appa­ pected to arrive on that day, and thus rently lifeless, in consequence of the expel him from the island; the signal bodily injuries which she had sustain­ for the gathering of the mob to be a ed, was dragged by the blood-thirsty rocket fired from a certain house in mob to a part of the causeway where town. To the astonishment and terror one of the converts, a considerable of every respectable person in town, no time ago, was buried; and there she measures were taken by the authorities was cast upon the grave. Having re­ to prevent the commission of this piece vived, she was carried by the police of barbarism, beyond placing a guard to the hospital, and there ordered to of only sixteen soldiers at Dr. Kalley’s confess. She refused, and was carried door. to the police station; but divine grace Sunday noon the expected rocket enabled her still to maintain stedfast was fired, and an immense mob, armed her adherence to the cause of Christ.— with clubs, began to gather on the Missionary Record. Plaija Constitutional, and very soon 1847. RELIGIOUS AND MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE. 43 afterwards commenced their march to day in this country assuming an in­ Dr. Kalley’s house ; it is hardly credi­ creased importance. Two years ago it ble, but not the less a fact, that they was hardly, in this part of the world, were accompanied in their march by heard of, and is now an object of anxi­ the civil governor and police-master, ous attention, both to the Porte and to the brother of the latter being one of foreign states. Twenty years ago Pro­ the principal rioters! Arrived at Dr. testant missionaries from America first Kalley’s house, they forced open his came to Turkey, but for eighteen out of doors, broke into the house, destroy­ the twenty years they have been here, ed his furniture, opened every chest, their work was so silent, and apparent­ drawer, and closet in the house, threw ly so resultless, that it was a common all his library and papers into the reproach to them that they came to the street, and set fire to them ! The sol­ East merely on account of the good diers offered no resistance—the mob salaries attached to their sinecure, as it had every thing their own way (the was supposed, functions. I have heard civil governor and police-master being myself this, in scorn, said of them. present, and in the house all the time ;) But all this time these men have been and such a scene of outrage ensued most arduously employed. They have as would disgrace the darkest age of learned thoroughly all the Eastern monkish persecution ! Fortunately, the languages—Turkish, Persian, Arabic, doctor had left the premises some time Armenian and modern Greek. They before, and had, while they were en­ have translated the entire Bible into gaged in the destruction of his house, Armenian, Persian, and Turkish, and effected his escape on board the Eng­ distributed of these translations many lish packet steamer. When the mob thousand copies. Numerous other re­ were informed that he was already safe ligious books have also been translated on board, they compelled the English by them into Persian and Armenian; Consul to proceed on board and pro­ and the press they have established in duce the Doctor, that they might be Smyrna is in constant activity to give convinced of the fact, threatening vio­ to Easterns the choicest religious liter­ lence to his (the Consul’s) person and ature of Protestant countries. At this property if he refused. The Consul, moment a translation of Merle D’Au- thus compelled, accordingly did go on bigne's History of the Reformation is board, and induced Doctor Kalley to in preparation for a very wide circula­ appear to those who had gone off in tion. The gratuitous schools too, these boats. Since then, no inquiry has missionaries have founded, are very nu­ been made—no proceedings have taken merous. Here they have several, of place against the authors and perpe­ wThich one may be called a college, and trators of this most infamous act; and in the Lebanon forty; but these, in such is the panic, in consequence of consequence of the late disturbed state the shameful apathy and connivance of the mountains, are not at present in of the authorities, that several English a very effective state. In other parts of families have already gone on board Syria, and at Trebizond and Erzeroum, the vessels in the roadstead, in order to their boarding and day schools at least be secure from insult. amount to as many more; and in all The military governor had the troops these places, and several others it would in barracks, and under arms during the be tedious to enumerate, they have riot, ready to march when required by regular congregations, not numerous the civil authorities; but no demand of course, but steady. All this work, was made for military interference. It however, though bishops and priests was not, therefore, want of necessary have now and then made in particu­ force; it was want of will. They had lar spots a noisy and tj^rannic opposition sometime back, you well know, insti­ to it, excited no public attention what­ tuted a legal prosecution against Dr. ever, till the Armenian patriarch, as Kalley, in which they failed. They I lately wrote to you, deemed it right now determined to get rid of him by to anathematise the Gospel readers of violence, and succeeded.—Nonconfor­ his nation, and excommunicate them mist. from their national church. Since then, and in consequence of that measure, I n c r e a s e a n d P e r s e c u t io n o f P r o ­ an evangelical or Gospel church hav­ t e s t a n t s in t h e T u r k is h D o m in io n s . ing been recognised by the Porte in —Constantinople, August 27, 1846.— vizerial letters, much greater import­ Protestantism (by which word under­ ance has been attached to the proceed­ stand chiefly Gospel reading) is every ings of the Gospel readers than before; 44 RELIGIOUS AND MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE. JAN.

and Protestantism—for so I had per­ the evil-doers under the club laws. haps, better call this religious move­ Four monthlies. The Tuttobodhini, a ment—is becoming as conspicuous, and respectable religious periodical, incul­ as much feared in this empire, as it was, cates the select doctrines of the Veds. till within less than the last year, ob­ The members of the Tuttobodhini Sobha scure and despised.—Ibid. of which this paper is the organ, have long seceded from the absurdities of ©rfental. the Hindu religion, and are now pro­ testing against the sundry tenets of the B e n g a l .—The Christian Intelligencer Veds. The Juggutbundhoo is a sort of December gives an account of the of church'„militant, which covers the opening of a new Mission Church at operations of the Vedantists. The wri­ Benares, capable of containing 500 hear­ ters of the Sutyosuncharini have com­ menced with the shasters, and the ers, and which cost Rupees 14,000. The truth for their guides; but they will ere Archdeacon of Calcutta preached on the long discover the hopeless task of keep­ occasion. The Bishop of Madras con­ ing both together. The Neerto Dhur- secrated a new Chapel at Baripore, on manoorungitta attempts to drive back the 30th November, and a new Church the reforming Hindus to the pale of idolatry and superstition from which at Magra Haut, both at the South of they are just emerging.—Englishman, Calcutta. They belong to the Society 10th December. for Promoting the Gospel.—Two ser­ mons were preached by Dr. Duff and C h i n a . The ordination of Tsin-shen, Rev. T. Smith, in aid of the funds of a Native Protestant, as preacher of the the Free Church Mission in Calcutta, Gospel, took place in the Union Cha­ on the 29th November last; and Ru­ pel, Hong Kong, on the 11th October pees 2,128 collected. They appear to last, when many Chinese spectators do things on a liberal scale in the “city were present, and several members of of palaces.”—A new Journal in En­ the foreign community. The Rev. glish, called the Hindu Intelligencer, Messrs Brown, Gillespie and Miline, conducted by Native Youth, has been engaged in the services. This is the commenced at Calcutta. It promises first Chinese thus publicly ordained to to be conducted in a more liberal spirit, the ministry. as to Christianity, than most of the Native Newspapers. It is stated that M a d r a s .—No conversions, so far as the demand for the first number was we know, have occurred since our last so great as to require a reprint.—A issue. The popular excitement has, to new Bengali Newspaper has been com­ outward appearance, subsided, but the menced on Christian principles. The suspicion and jealousy of the natives Evangelist, a Monthly Journal in Ben­ are still manifested in the continued gali English, has been discontinued. withdrawal of several pupils from some of the Christian schools. The scho­

S t a t e o f t h e N a t i v e P r e s s in C a l ­ lars, however, are gradually returning. c u t t a .—The Probkakur is the first na­ Silently, but not less effectually, the tive daily journal. Its circulation is work of Christian education is going limited, but it is got up in a style wor­ on. Cloud and storm must pass over thy of support. Poornochunderdoy is a useful and matter-of-fact paper, mixing the field, as well as genial sun-shine. little in the discussions of the day. Two But in the appointed harvest time of Bi-weeklies. The Chundrika is a paper the great husbandman the fruits will of long standing, respectability, and ex­ be gathered. “ Be not weary in well tensive circulation. The Rosoraj deals doing: in due season, ye shall reap, in cutting satires, which wound yet reform their victims. Three weeklies. if ye faint not.” The Bhaikur is one of the ablest and shrewdest members of the Native T h e E x a m in a t io n o f B i s h o p C o r r ie s Press. The Gyan Durpun goes in the G r a m m a r S c h o o l took place on Wed­ wake of its big brother, the Bhaskur. nesday evening, the 23d instant, before The Pasundo Per mi professes to keep a crowded audience. J. Goldingham, 1847. RELIGIOUS AND MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE. 45

Esq. was in the chair. The Examiners young Natives, in both secular and were the Rev. Messrs Symonds, Tuck­ scriptural knowledge, was highly satis­ er, Lugard, Gray and Fox. After the factory, and abundantly encouraging to meeting had been opened with singing and prayer, the usual course of Examin­ their spiritual instructors. We hope to ation was gone through, and prizes were be able to give a fuller detail in our distributed to the most deserving of the next. scholars. Before closing the proceed­

ings of the evening, the two Senior S t . A n d r e w ’s P a r o c h ia l S c h o o l .— Youths of the school came forward, and presented Mr. Symonds with a The Annual public Examination of this neat Silver Vase, purchased by sub­ school took place on the 22d ultimo. scription amongst the Scholars, bearing The chair was occupied by Brigadier an appropriate inscription. A written Ketchen ; and the examination chiefly address was read by Master Winckler, conducted by the Head Master, Mr. and the Vase was handed over by Mas­ Oaigie—and the Rev. Messrs Bowie, ter Crump; when Mr. Symonds replied in short but appropriate terms : and both Symonds and Hamilton. The result Master and Scholars were much affect­ afforded highly satisfactory evidence of ed at the approaching separation. The the ability and educational qualities of meeting closed in the usual manner, at the new Teacher, and of the progress an early hour. We were not able to of the pupils in various branches of be present at the Examination, but we secular and religious knowledge. In have heard that the youths acquitted themselves with much credit. The the departments of Algebra, Grammar, presentation speaks well both for master Geography and Scriptural History, pe­ and pupils; being, we know, no mere culiar excellence was evinced. About empty ceremony, but the genuine offer­ 90 boys were present, and a respect­ ing of a sincere feeling of regard on the able, attentive, and unusually numer­ part of the boys to one who has won it, by his conciliating suavity of temper ous auditory. On the 24th ultimo, the and evident desire for their improve­ Female School, in connection with St. ment. The Grammar School owes Andrew’s Church, was also publicly much to Mr. Symonds, who will long examined. The progress made by the be remembered with gratitude by those girls was likewise highly creditable. who have shared his instructions.— Atlas. B a p t i s m s .—We have much pleasure E x a m in a t io n o f t h e S c h o o l s o f t h e in placing on record the following addi­ tional cheering information respecting L o n d o n M is s io n a r y S o c i e t y .—On the the baptisms at the Baptist Mission sta­ 15th ultimo, the Examination of these tion at Barisal. Fifty-eight new con­ interesting schools took place in the verts have been baptized in addition Pursewaukum Chapel. The pupils pre­ to the one hundred and fifteen announc­ sent amounting to 200 boys, and 173 ed by us in our last; making in all 173 girls: in all 373. The examination, within two months. partly in English and partly in Tamil, Intelligence has just been received, that on the 22nd of November, fifty- was chiefly conducted by the Rev. eight additional converts were baptized Messrs Drew, Leitch and Porter. The in the vicinity of Barisal—Baptist evidence of progress afforded by the Missionary Herald. 46 OBITUARY. JAN.

©mttiar®.

C a r o l in e F ry .—In our last issue we ing him : “ Thomas Clarkson was one of recorded the death of the amiable and those great spirits, who arise but once accomplished “Charlotte Elizabeth;” or twice during the lapse of centuries, we have now the painful duty of an­ to operate some great change on the nouncing the departure of a sister-spirit structure of society, or on the destinies —of another gifted female labourer in of mankind. He was one of those the service of literature and religion. pacific victors, who has won for him­ Caroline Fry, the authoress of the self a more enduring niche in Fame’s “Listener,” “the Scripture Reader’s temple, than was ever acquired by poet, Guide,” and other well known, able, warrior, or statesman. These are the and useful works, died at Tunbridge men whose ‘name shall endure for Wells, on the 24th of September. He* ever, under the sun,’ among the pos­ malady was consumption, which had terities, amidst the blessings of future long preyed on her fragile frame; but generations.” Of few, certainly, can we learn that she closed her career in it be more truly said, that, “ their Works full possession of her mental powers, do follow them.” Wordsworth’s beau­ and in the calm serenity of a believing tiful apostrophe has been, in the pre­ mind—possessing, to the last, the con­ sent case, more true, than is always solations of the Faith, which by her life, the homage of poesy : and in her writings, she had so long, “Clarkson! oh thou true yokc-fellow of Time! and, under God’s blessing, so effec­ Duty’s intrepid liegeman! See the palm tively inculcated on others. In the Is won—and by all nations shall be worn, Crime's blood-stained writing is for ever torn. death of these two Christian gentle­ Thou henceforth wilt possess the good man's calm— women, the religious literature of Eng­ The great man’s guerdon. Thou at length shalt find land has suffered a loss, which does Welcome repose, stanch friend of grateful human- not, at present, seem likely to be soon [kind.” repaired. We only wish that the politicians of the present day were actuated by the T h o m a s C l a r k s o n .—The 26th of Sep­ principles of those, of whom they are tember closed, at the advanced age so ready to chaunt the praises, and of 87, the earthly career of this distin­ “build the sepulchres.” The late Act guished and venerated Christian phi­ of Parliament, authorising the admis­ lanthropist. As our readers must be sion of Slave-grown sugars at the aware, the fame of Clarkson was chiefly same duty as those the product of Free- founded on his early, devoted, and long labour, although an indirect, is a most continued advocacy of the claims o£ certain encouragement of the Slave the W est Indian slaves. Although his trade ; g,nd equally at variance with the exertions in this benignant cause have, principles of Emancipation, and with to a great extent, been lost sight of in the interests of the free-labour colonies. those of his more prominent, and more It is a virtual stultification of the Act brilliant coadjutor, Wilberforce, there of 1834, and of the noble deed of high- can be no doubt that Clarkson was the minded principle, by which, at the cost first who directed the public mind to of twenty millions, Britain then vin­ this subject, and that to him belongs dicated her moral and religious in­ the honour of having led the van in tegrity. How little could either Clark­ the philanthropic crusade against the son or Wilberforce have foreseen, that horrors and oppressions of the Slave such, within a few brief years, would T r a d e . T o the last, he continued to have been the issue of their glorious, live to the glory of God, and for the and, seemingly, final triumph! Well good of man. The closing years of his for them both, that they now slumber life were devoted to the composition in the unconsciousness of the tomb. of a Commentary on the New T e s t a ­ But not well for those, by whom, for ment ; and the last letter he wrote, but the sake of a paltry expediency, or a a few days before his death, was to false consistency in error, such incon­ the Prime Minister of England, in be­ sistent and unprincipled deeds are half of destitute British Seamen. A done. rare and glorious instance of “dying in harness.” An English cotemporary Mes. M u z z y , wife of the Rev. C. F. print, by no means of avowedly reli­ Muzzy, of the American Mission at gious principles, j u s t l y observes regard. Madura, was taken to her rest on the 1847. MISSIONARY PRAYER MEETING. 47

3d ultimo, a few days after giving birth in India, was on his way to Madras to a son. In the midst of much bodily with his wife and three children, to weakness, her labours in the missionary embark for a short visit to his native work for nine years had been very land. He fell ill at Trichinopoly and abundant; and her removal is felt as a could only reach Tranquebar, when his great loss not only to her husband, and spirit took its flight. There is no place two motherless babes, but to the mis­ —unless perhaps among his Native con­ sion. To the departed the change is verts—which he would probably have no doubt blessed. preferred, to this seat of the earliest Indian Mission, as his resting place; for his heart was in the mission work. D i e d at Tranquebar, on the 20th ul­ It is a little remarkable, that his printed timo, the Rev. J. J. Lawrence, of the farewell letter to those “ among whom American Mission at Dindigul. This he had gone preaching the Gospel,” worthy Missionary, who had been eleven should contain a sermon on death. years a faithful and successful labourer “ Being dead he yet speaketh.”

NOTICE OF A NEW WORK.

B h a g a v a t -G e e t a .—We have been favoured with the first number of this learned work, noticed on the cover of our last as about to be issued from the Wesleyan Mission Press at Bangalore, in Sanscrit, Canarese and English, in a Quarto form, and parallel columns. It is exceedingly well got up, and must be very acceptable to those acquainted either with Sanscrit or Canarese. Nor is it without interest to the mere English reader, as a specimen of a Hindu Shaster of high authority ; being an episode from the Mahabharat, or fifth veda, as it is sometimes called; which is affirmed to have been written more than 4,000 years ago. The Geeta is a dialogue between Krishnu, an incarna­ tion of Vishnu, and Arjoon, a favourite pupil, who was an indomitable warrior, but loath to engage in a bloody battle at hand, when in either army he saw “none but grandsires, uncles, cousins, tutors, sons and brothers, near rela­ tions, or bosom friends.” Krishnu, to encourage him, enters into discourse on the nature of God, of the soul and of human duty; and to remove one of his objections to the contest, informs him that he would not destroy the souls of those he might slay, and if slain himself, that he would go to heaven. The work seems intended to teach a monotheism much purer than that of the vedas, and a comparatively spiritual worship, in distinction from idolatry. It merits attention. A very fair translation of the Geeta, in common Tamil, has lately been printed at Madras. We omit further notice until the appearance of the subsequent portions. It is to be printed in ten numbers, at one rupee each, instead of six, at two rupees, as before stated.

ECCLESIASTICAL MOVEMENTS.

A r r iv a l s a n d D e p a r t u r e s .—The Bishop of Calcutta has returned to his See, after a year and a half’s absence in England. The Bishop of Madras left Calcutta, on the 11th ultimo, for Vizagapatam, on a visitation tour in the in­ terior. He is expected here in February, or March. The Rev. W. H. Fox, of the Church Mission, returning from England, arrived in the Steamer of last month, on his way to Masulipatam. The Rev. Messrs Field, Morris and Glanville, Wesleyan missionaries, arrived by ship from England near the end of November; and have gone to strengthen the mission of that Society in the Mjrsore country. We congratulate our worthy brethren on this valuable accession.

M onthly M issionary Prayer Meeting-.

T h e Address at St. Andrew’s Church on the 7th ultimo, by the Rev. W. G r a n t , was on the Transmission of a Sinful Nature from Parents to Children. The Meeting on the 4th instant is to be at the Wesleyan Mission Chapel; Address by the Rev. R . K. H a m il t o n , m . a ., Junior Chaplain of the Scottish Church. N E W S E R IE S OF THE MADRAS CHRISTIAN INSTRUCTOR AND MISSIONARY RECORD.*

W i t h the beginning of the year, we commence, as proposed, a New Series of this Journal, on the same general principles on which it has been hitherto conducted. To increase its circulation, it is reduced in price from Rupees nine to Rupees six, to Subscribers in general, and for Soldiers and Natives, to Rupees five per annum, i f paid within the#first quarter of the year; other­ wise, the former rates of Rupees nine, andWLupees six will be required. The Journal is intended to contain about forty pages in double columns (except the first one or two articles,) on a larger page, and generally smal­ ler type than heretofore, so as to embody as much matter as was at first promised at the higher rates, though less than we have usually given. Exertions will be made to increase, in every way, and in no respect dimin­ ish, its claim to public support. We are happy to announce that a Clergyman of the Church of England—a Chaplain at the Presidency—is one of the Com­ mittee of Publication, thus maintaining the entire Catholicity of the Journal. At a time when the importance of Christian Union is not only more generally acknowledged than almost ever before, but its benefits more ex­ tensively felt, it is certainly desirable that there should be a Journal of this description in Madras; and we hope that both in Contributions to its pages, and Subscriptions to aid its Circulation, it will receive a new im­ pulse. The present number of paying Subscribers would merely support the work at the former rate, and we need to increase it by one half, or to nearly three hundred, to make the new terms remunerative, and leave any thing for the Society whose funds we wish to benefit. As the expense of Postage is a great barrier to its increased circulation, we would suggest to Subscribers at out-stations the propriety of their unit­ ing together and receiving copies by banghy. Every Sixth Copy will be sent gratis to any one at such station who will kindly act as Agent to re­ ceive the publication, and forward the Subscriptions. Without attempting a formal Appeal for support, we add some of the reasons why we think the Journal should be patronized. 1. As a medium of important Missionary information.—The Religious In­ telligence of India we propose to make more prominent than before, by giving a Condensed Summary each month. More attention from our Cor­ respondents in different parts of the country will, we hope, also increase the interest in this respect. The most important movements abroad will al­ so be regularly noticed in a similar manner. 2. As an Organ through which active minds and warm hearts may ad­ dress those who have means and opportunities o f doing good.—The Journal goes into families of leading influence in Society, as well as those in a more humble position; and to all it may, and should carry a suitable and pro­ fitable message. 3. As assisting to make the Press of India a Christian Press.—Is not this of vast importance when the fourth estate in India is becoming so influential, and stamping its own image upon the country ? 4. As being the only Magazine in South India on.the broad basis of the E v a n ­ gelical Alliance ; recording without partiality the progress of all the Missionary bodies, and ready to advocate the claims of every truly Chris­ tian Society. ■ 5. As designed to aid the Funds of a valuable Institution.—This is no doubt a secondary but yet a legitimate consideration. All the labour be­ stowed upon the work being gratuitous, let it be borne in mind that every Subscription to it, above its cost, is in effect, a Subscription to the Madras Tract and Book Society. There is then, the double good of assisting to keep in existence a Christian publication which conveys important truth to many families, and of aiding a most useful benevolent Society. Offering our grateful acknowledgments for patronage and aid through the first stage of our journey, we look with some confidence for continued encouragement and companionship in our further progress. We hope for mutual benefit and enjoyment with our Contributors and Readers, as we proceed with them into the opening vista of the future; and that as we travel forward, discoursing on the most important of all subjects, we may frequently have occasion to exclaim, “ Did not our hearts burn within , us, as we talked together by the way ?” OPINION OF THE LOCAL PRESS. “The excellence of the Madras Christian Instructor as a Religious Publication, combining much practical doctrine and edifying reflection with nighly interesting details of Missionary enterprize and other Evangelical Intelligence, has long been acknowledged by a large section of this community; the support given to it, however, is less than tne merits of the Periodical might have been expected to command. “ To improve this adverse financial state of things, and at the same time to en­ hance the usefulness of the Instructot, it is under contemplation with the man­ agers of it, to commence a new serieb at the beginning of next year; maintain­ ing ‘the same general principles on which it has been hitherto conducted.’ With the view of helping forward so laudable a project, we shall here append the notice issued by those Gentlemen, and solicit for it the best attention of our readers, who will find in their Prospectus sufficient ground of Catholicity, to engage the sympathies of all Protestant Christians, without respect of particular denominations. * * * * * * “ We trust that this appeal will not fail of accomplishing the object for which it has been made, but bring in abundant fruit, in the shape of new subscribers. It is strange if the Christian public of the Presidency cannot swell the list to double its present figure, when six Rupees per annum is the sum total required from each individual supporter !”—Spectator. The Mhemmm has favoured us with a friendly notice, in two of its late issues, but too long to be inserted here, and such as not easily to admit of extracts. He says, “That this publication is deserving of much greater circulation, we most freely admit, and perhaps it would have obtained it ‘long, long ago,’ had it not been for the fact, that not a single minister of the Established Church would till lately join the Evangelical Alliance from which the Christian Instruc­ tor emanates.” He has a remark on one of the reasons given why the Jour­ nal should be supported, “its assisting to make the Press of India a Christian Press,” to the effect that to a good extent it is such already. We did not intend to intimate the contrary, as we have more than once recorded our grateful recognition of the fact, that generally the Indian Press is decidedly friendly to Christianity and to Christian Missions. But there is room for improve­ ment, as well as occasion—in the enlargement of the Fourth Estate, so as to embrace many native establishments—that there should be a due and increasing proportion of the religious element.

ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS RECEIVED For the Madras Christian Instructor and Missionary Record. RS. «3- Major R. Gordon, 6 Major J . Crisp, for 1844, - 5 H. Newill, Esq. 9 Capt. Stafford, - 6 Major D. Bussell, for 1846, C Mr. J. L. Thorpe, Cuddapah, 6 Capt. C. Snow, 9 Wm. Waddell, Esq. for 184G, 6 Mr. G. Cotteril^ - 6 J. J. Geddes, Esq. • 9 Major J. T. Pears, to end of Qr. Mr. Sergt. A. Wilson, for Thomas Waddell, Esq 9 1846, - 23 1847, 5 Rev. J. J. Lawrence, 9 8. Marcar, Esq. for 1846, 9 Sold one copy, for N ot. 1846, 1

NEW SUBSCRIBERS. We gratefully acknowledge the following new Subscribers to the Instructor. Anstruthcr, Major C. B. Fullerton, Esq. I. Y. Morris, Rev. G. E. Arbnthnot, Esq. W. U. Franck, Esq. Bobert, Orr, Lieut. J. 27th M. N. I. Biggs, Esq. T. M. Glover, Esq. Wm. Parsons, Mr. W. E. Biden, Capt. C. Goldingham, Esq. J. Rankin, Esq. Peter, Blacker, Miss, Gordon, Esq. Adam, Reily, Mr. George, Blake, Mr. W. M. Gordon, Major R. Riach, Esq. John, B lunt, Esq. C. W . Gordon, Esq. John, Bochfort, Capt. 27th M. N. I. Burton, Sir W. W., Kt. Gregory, Mr. H. Sam, Esq. Andrew, Browne, Lieut. Col. C. A Hunter, Esq. Robert, Sherman, Mr. J . S. Craigie, Mr. D. Johnston, Esq. m . d ., T. W . T. Spence, Esq. J. S. Cox, Mr. J . A. Kenrick, Mr. J. H. Stafford, Capt. Dent, Mrs. John, . Key, Esq. J. B. Stollhouse, Esq. T. V. Drew, Rer. W. H. Kickwick, Mr. J . Symonds, Rev. A . R. Dunhill, Mrs. R. Kohlhoff, Rev. C. S. Waddell, Esq. W. Fletcher, Mr. John, Maitland, Capt. J. Walker, Esq. G. (addl. copy.) Forbes, Major, Morison, Esq. N. Williamson, Mr. T. N B.—There axe a few extra copies of the Lithographic Plate* of Hindu Idols on hand, for Sub­ scribers or Non-Subscribers—As. 4 each Plate. Also a few copie» of the Inttructor from the beginning. Madras Auxiliary Bible Society. Statement of Subscriptions, &o. received from the under-mentioned parties for the Madras Auxiliary Bible Society, from 17th November, to 21st December, 1846. Subscription*. Mr. T. Mattocks, for 1846, 12 Mr. H. J. Revis, for December, 1846, 1 Mr. T. Morris, do. 6 Captain J. A. West, do. do. 2 Bev. J. Bilderbeck, do. 35 Miss B. Spencar, do. do. 0 6. Arbnthnot, Esq. do. 100 Mr. W. Fitzgerald, do. do. 0 Mr. W. Hewitt, do. 16 Mr. J. H. Nowell, . do. do. 1 Mr. J. R. Wilkins, do. 10 Mr. A. Bertie, do. do. 1 Captain X. D. Roberts, do. 30 J'. G. Seymour, Esq. for Oct. & N ot. do. 2 Mr. S. Symonds, do. 6 Capt. R. S. Dobbs, for 1845-46, 100 W. Elliott, Esq. do. 6 Surgeon G. Thompson, do. 20 1). Mackensie,'Esq. do. 30 Ber. P. Batchelor, 1846, 15 J. Paternoster, Esq. do. 10 Collected at Masnlipatam, by W B. F. Anderson, Esq. do. 100 Smyth, Esq. Lieut. F. H. Rundall, for N ot. At Dec. do. 10 Mr. D. S. Turner, for November, do. Captain J. H. Bell, for December, do. 4 Mr. J. Marsh, for October, do. Lieut. N. Hobart, for Nor. and do. do. 6 Mr. B. D’Prazer, for November, do. M r. J . S. Brown, do. do. do. 1 Mr. W. Lodge, do. do. Mr. J. Fonoeca, for June and July, do. 2 Mr. Lincoln, do. do. Mr. W . T. Huntley, for Oct. and N ot. do. 2 Bev. B. T. Noble, do. do. Mt. B. Twigg, do. do. 0 ReT. H. W. Fox, do. do. Mr. W. Boyd, do. do. 0 W. R. Smyth, Esq. do. do. Mr. H. W. Branson, for December, do. 0 Collected at Rajahmundry, by J. Rohde, Esq. Miss Camerons, do. do. 1 Mr. Halkett, for six months, J . Gordon, Esq. do. do. 1 Major Cotton, do. do. Mr. F. H. Gordon, do. do. 1 Mr. Bartley, do. do. Mr. J. Huffton, do. do. 1 Mr. R. Jones, do. do. 1 Total Rupees 509 0 Mr. L. Miller, do. do. 1 IVadras Tract and Book Society. The Secretary has gratefully to acknowledge the following additional contributions to the Special Fund of the Society, for raising £100. R. A. B. A. Hatley Frere, Esq. 50 0 Collected at Cuddapah, by the Rev. John Bangalore Bible, Tract and Book Associa­ Shrieves. tion, by Captain V. Strong, 100 0 M. Murray, Esq. 15 0 Rev. B. K. Hamilton, 10 0 D. Mayne, Esq. 10 0 B . StTangc, Esq. 6 0 J . T. Donne, Esq. M. D. 5 0 Messrs Waller and Co. 10 0 J. Thornhill, Esq. 7 0 Claud Currie, Esq. m . ». 10 0 J. H. Cochrane, Esq. 20 0 Collected by Captain Genard, at Vizaga- H . G. Smith, Esq. 10 0 patam . Captain R. Younghusband, 19tli Regt. N. I. 5 0 Captain Reynolds, (to be annual) 20 0 Lieut. H. Broderip, 5th Regt. N. 1. 5 0 Captain Beaver, do. 10 0 Mrs. and MisB Hicken, 10 0 Rev. A. Fennell, do. 10 0 Mr. J. W. Saalfelt, 10 0 J . M’Vicar, Esq. 30 0 M r. J . L. Thorpe, 3 0 Dr. Thompson, 5 0 Mr. J. Blake, 2 0 Captain Gerravd, 15 0 Mr. J. Thomas, 1 0 Mr. Madden, 6 0 J. Nanamootoo Pillay, 1 0 Mr. Wiltshire, 5 0 Rev. J. Shrieves, (annual subscription) 6 0 Mr. Hudson, 10 0 Church and Congregation undercharge of do. 9 114 Mr. Marston, 5 0 Wesleyan Mission Chapel at Bangalore. Subscriptions received for re-building the Wesleyan Mission Chapel, in the Artificers' Lines, near the Fort, Bangalore. R. A. R. A. CleghoTn, H . Esq. u . D. 10 0 Rosario, Mr. A. 3 fl Cryer, Bev. T. - 0 Sanderson, Rev. D. - - 30 0 Dobbs, Capt. R. S. 20 0 Smith, Capt. 5 0 Friend, A, - 5 0 Sunday School children, - 6 12 Friend, A, - - 10 0 Small sums, - 8 Garrett, Rev. J. 0 Vencatarow Maistry, - 5 0 Gostick, Rev. J. 20 0 Collected a t the opening, 39 8 Jones, Mr. W. - 0 By sale of the old Materials, - 85 e Long, Mr. 3 0 Male, Rev. M. T. - 20 0 Total R s. 377 12 Maxwell, W . L. Esq. 20 0 Page, Mr. W. - - 13 0 Entire cost of the Building, Fittisgs-up, &c. Received as above, - Balance still dne Rs. 209 12

Subscriptions will be thankfully received by the nndenlgned, or any of the Society's Missionaries, towards the extinction of the above debt on the Chapel. Bangaxo&£, November, 1846. J. GARRETT.