High Middle Ages: the Search for Synthesis – Unit 8 General Events

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High Middle Ages: The Search for Synthesis – Unit 8 General Events: 987 Paris made center of feudal kingdom of Hugh Capet 11th cent. Capetian kings consolidate power and expand French kingdom 1096-1099 First Crusade, capture of Jerusalem by Christians 1141 Saint Nernard of Clairvaux leads condemnation of Abelard c. 1150-1160 Universities of Paris and Bologna founded c. 1163 Oxford University founded 1180 Phillip Augustus assumes throne of France; Promotes Paris as the capital 1202-1204 Fourth Crusade; crusaders sack Constantinople on way to the Holy Land c. 1209 Cambridge University founded (Peterhouse) 1215 Magna Carta signed by King John at Bury St. Edmund’s (England), limiting powers of the king c. 1220 Growth begins of mendicant friars; Franciscans and Dominicans 1258 Robert de Sorbon, founds Paris hospice for scholars, forerunner of the Sorbonne 1270 Eighth Crusade, death of Saint Louis of France c. 1271-1293 Marco Polo travels to China and India 1291 Fall of Acra, last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land 1348-1367 Universities based on Paris model founded in Prague, Vienna, Kracow, Pecs (Hungary) Literature and Philosophy: 12th cent. Golden Age of the University of Paris under scholastic masters 1113 Abelard begins teaching in Paris; meets Heloise 1121 Abelard, Sic et Non, birth of Scholasticism after 1150 Rediscovery of lost texts of Aristotle and others via Arabic translations 13th cent. Era of secular poems; Goliardic verse c. 1224-1226 Saint Francis of Assisi, “Canticle of Brother Sun” c. 1267-1273 Aquinas, Summa Theologica 1300 Dante exiled from Florence c. 1303 -1323 Dante, Divine Comedy c. 1385-1400 Chaucer, Canterbury Tales Art: 12th cent. Stained glass windows at Chartres Cathedral c. 1145-1170 Tympanum of right door, Royal Portal, Chartres c. 1200 Charlemagne window at Chartres c. 1215 Christ’s Blessing south porch, Chartres c. 1215-c 1250 Guild windows at Chartres Architecture: 1140 Abbot Suger begins rebuilding Abbey Church of Saint Denis; Gothic styles evolves; use of pointed arch, flying buttress, window tracery c. 1163-1250 Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris c. 1180 Phillip Augustus commissions Louvre as royal residence and treasury 1194 Chartres Cathedral destroyed by fire; rebuilding begins 1195 (ends 1260) 120-1269 Cathedral of Amiens 1243-1248 Sainte Chapelle, Paris 1247-1568 Cathedral of Beauvais; cathedral of Strasbourg 1399-1439 Spire of Strausbourg cathedral erected Music: 10th cent. Organum develops 11th cent. Guido of Arezzo develops an evolving musical notation still used today 12th cent. Notre Dame School of Paris is center of music study and composition 12th – 13th cent. French troubadours and trouvers flourish 1160 Leonin of Paris, Magnus Liber Organi 1181 Perotin “the Great” director of the Notre Dame School of Paris 13th cent. German minnesingers flourish c. 1250 Polyphonic motets are principal form of composition .

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