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THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD (a.k.a Middle Ages) ​ C. 500-1400 (began with with fall of the Roman Empire)

WORDS TO KNOW chant/plainchant unaccompanied, monophonic music used in liturgy of the western church monophony (monophonic, adj. ) (mono=one) ​ ​ a single melody played, written, or sung with no harmony polyphony (polyphonic, adj.) (poly=many) ​ ​ music featuring two or more independent melodies played, written, or sung simultaneously homophony (homophonic, adj.) (homo=same) ​ ​ music in which the accompanying parts have the same rhythm as the melody; secular music music not related to religion or religious services sacred music music used for religious service or purpose

Gregorian Chant named after Pope Gregory I) is monophonic, plainchant music ​ ​ neumes symbols representing from one to four notes, used in the musical notation of the Middle Ages/Medieval Era

THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD 1400-1600 renaissance literally means “re-birth”; rebirth of education, science, art, literature, music ​ motet a sacred, polyphonic vocal composition, usually unaccompanied (a cappella) madrigal a secular, polyphonic song based on poems, often about love consort a small group of instruments playing together

MEDIEVAL COMPOSERS TO KNOW GUIDO of AREZZO c. 991-1033 ​ ♫ Guido was an Italian monk ♫ He created a set of syllables to help singers remember melodies designed after the human hand ♫ Guido also developed staff notation; a change from neumatic notation, which only gave a general outline of the melody

HILDEGARD VON BINGEN 1098-1179 ​ ♫ Hildegard von Bingen was born in Germany. ♫ She was a writer, philosopher, visionary, nun, and composer ​ ♫ She is one of the earliest known composers and wrote many monophonic chants

RENAISSANCE COMPOSERS TO KNOW GIOVANNI PALESTRINA 1525-1594 ​ ♫ Italian composer and organist ♫ Palestrina was one of the most well-known sacred composers of the time

WILLIAM BYRD 1540-1623 ​ ♫ Byrd was the greatest English composer of his time ♫ He wrote sacred and secular music, including consort music

MEDIEVAL/RENAISSANCE INSTRUMENTS TO KNOW

lute hurdy gurdy recorder sackbut viol plucked instrument a musical instrument that a wooden/plastic an early form of bowed string having a makes music by rotation of a wind inst. with trombone used instrument; pear-shaped body, cylinder studded with pegs finger holes and a in Renaissance ancestor of and often a bent mouthpiece music cello neck

Renaissance Inventions

Printing Press compass pocket watch telescope wallpaper

flush toilet violin thermometer microscope submarine