Government Initiatives Pertaining to Construction Waste Minimization In
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY and ENVIRONMENT Volume 9, 2015 Government Initiatives Pertaining to Construction Waste Minimization in Malaysia Nurzalikha Sa’adi and Zulhabri Ismail Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying Universiti Teknologi MARA12 Malaysia [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—Construction industry is one of the main contributors minimization in Malaysian construction industry. to waste streams in Malaysia. Construction activities caused a significant amount of construction waste increased since over the II. INSUFFICIENT OF EXISTING POLICY AND GUIDELINES ON last two decades. Despite of being a waste contributor, CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT construction waste has also been result into serious environmental issues in Malaysia. There are some actions been taken by the It is common that the construction waste goes into government but the results have not been translated in the form of landfill. In accordance with the waste issues, many countries strong legal instruments and enforcement. Therefore, it is have chosen to start recycling construction materials due to important for government to address this issue by providing the advantages in protecting the environment and conserving the legal instrument pertaining to construction waste minimization. natural resources [4] . The existing body of literature could This research has been conducted to proposed framework of be explored to identify the successful implementation of implementation government initiative on construction waste construction waste minimization initiatives formulated by minimization in Malaysia. Hence, this paper present the existing initiative by the government pertaining to construction waste the developed countries. Meaning we should learn, adopt minimization in Malaysian construction industry. Mixed methods and modify from more successful regimes. Furthermore, [4] of qualitative and quantitative research design by way of semi- has emphasize that many countries are also considered on structured interviews and supported by distribution of the suitable site for construction waste location and questionnaire for validation stage have been adopted in this equipment used; waste recycling operations; and also research for proposing the framework of implementation environment and safety regulations to protect environment. government initiative on construction waste minimization in This statement is supported by a Ministry of Federal Malaysia. Results indicate that the Solid Waste and Public Territories and Urban Wellbeing under the purview of Entry Cleansing Management Corporation and Construction Industry Project Point (EPP) who has initiated EPP9 to Developing Development Board responsible to provide guidelines pertaining to construction waste minimization in Malaysia. The findings maybe an Efficient Solid Waste Management Ecosystem. Practicing used in the formulation of government initiative in addressing the waste minimization by industries is not very common and construction waste minimization problem in Malaysia and just a few number of industries apply waste minimization indirectly improving the quality of construction waste management [5]. The existing regulations and policies in Malaysia are in Malaysia. more focused on household, municipal and hazardous industrial waste. Consequently, the others sectors seem to Keywords—Government initiative, construction industry, not follow the existing regulation because it is not construction waste, waste minimization, Malaysia mandatory to follow and not fully enforced in their sector. Other than that, the existing policies seem not clear in term I. INTRODUCTION of construction waste minimization. Construction industry is one of the industries benefiting to the country in term of economy and providing infrastructure. The Malaysian government has taken serious initiatives in However, this thriving industry is responsible for one of the reducing waste on site because of waste issues. Thus, the single largest waste streams in the country. Hence, the government has regulated the usage of Industrialized effectiveness of environmental management is very Building System (IBS) as construction method to reduce the important in construction industry [1]. Construction waste waste and apply sustainable development through the management is one of the sustainable development Construction Industry Master Plan (CIMP) 2006-2015 [6]. approaches to minimize waste and avoid negative impacts to In 2008, Solid Waste Management in Malaysia had launched the environment. Management of waste includes monitoring, the Action Plan for Clean and Beautiful Malaysia and collection, transport, processing and waste disposal. In order National Solid Waste Management Policy. However, to improve the quality of life, the effectiveness of waste empirical evidences shown by Alam Flora Sdn. Bhd only management is needed [2]. [3] points out that the 76% is solid waste collection, 5% is recycle process and government responsible to improve the implementation of 95% of waste collected being disposed at 112 landfills in waste management in construction industry in term of Malaysia. Furthermore, 25,600 tonnes of waste generated regulation, policy, technology and guideline. Existing from multiple sources including construction waste on daily initiatives by the government in minimizing construction basis in Malaysia [7]. There are some actions been taken by waste in Malaysia will be prioritized in this research in order the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) for to show the magnitude of the problems encountered. Thus, example as the Guidelines on Construction Waste the purpose of this paper is to represents the existing Management, even so, the results have not been translated in initiative by the government pertaining to construction waste ISSN: 2308-1007 165 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY and ENVIRONMENT Volume 9, 2015 the form of legal instruments and enforcement. [9] The Construction The author only Consequently, Malaysian contractors seem to apply their Solid Waste focusses on the type of own policies and guideline pertaining to construction waste Minimization construction solid waste minimization which clearly does not reflect to existing Practices among produces and discussed Malaysian the waste minimization policies implemented by the government [7]. The author Contractors practice by the also added that construction waste management remains contractors at poorly implemented in construction projects in Malaysia. construction sites [10] The Quantification of Thisresearch only According to [8] Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) Local Construction focuses on the by CIDB seems like not being enforced and still new in Waste for the Current classification of Malaysia. An unsuccessful practice in minimizing Construction Waste construction waste construction waste is caused by lack of implementation by Management genera ted at sites. the government. In addition, the aspects in Solid Waste Practices: A Case Study in Klang Valley Management Policy in Malaysia seem quite general which [11] Urban Solid Waste Focusses on the not specified the classification of waste such as construction Minimization in awareness and level of waste. Thus, the questions need to be addressed are; what Malaysia - The case involvement in waste are the existing initiatives implemented by Malaysia of Shah Alam City minimization. government pertaining to construction waste minimization; Hall, Selangor. what are the issues related to the existing initiatives [12] Initial Findings on Concerns on factors pertaining to construction waste minimization in Malaysia Perspectives of Local influencing waste and why the issues existed? Hence, this research conducted Contractors on Waste minimization barriers to identify the existing initiatives by government pertaining Minimization Barriers and incentives on and Incentives on construction site in to construction waste minimization. Construction Sites Kuching, Sarawak. III. RESEARCH AIM, OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH [13] Identifying Causes of This research focuses QUESTIONS Construction Waste - on factors causing The aim of this research is to proposed framework of Case of Central construction waste in implementation government initiative on construction waste Region of Peninsula Malaysia. minimization in Malaysia. The objective of this paper that Malaysia [14] Municipal Solid This research only has been formulated underpinned by the stated aim is to Waste Management in concerns on current identify the existing initiatives implemented by Malaysian Malaysia: Current practice and challenges government pertaining to construction waste minimization. Practices, Challenges municipal solid waste The following research questions have been formulated as a and Prospect management in result from the current scenario on construction waste Malaysia. minimization in order to gauge the research endeavor: [15] Waste Minimisation This research only 1. RQ 1.1 : What are the existing initiatives as Sustainable Waste review on waste implemented by Malaysian government pertaining to Management Strategy minimization strategies construction waste minimization? for Malaysian and guidelines in UK Industries and Thailand 2. RQ 1.2 : What are the issues related to the existing [16] Sustainable This research focusses initiatives pertaining to construction waste construction waste on the current status of minimization in Malaysia and why the issues management in waste management existed? malaysia: a practices in the