DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Oshkosh Scholar Volume V, 2010

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Oshkosh Scholar Volume V, 2010 University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Oshkosh Scholar Volume V, 2010 Copyright © 2010 University of Wisconsin Board of Regents All rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproduced in any form without the permission of University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh Scholar, Volume V, December 2010. University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Office of Grants and Faculty Development 800 Algoma Blvd. Oshkosh, WI 54901 (920) 424-3215 www.uwosh.edu/grants If you are interested in submitting a manuscript to Oshkosh Scholar, please see the guidelines at http://www.uwosh.edu/oshkoshscholar Preface We are delighted to present this fifth edition ofOshkosh Scholar, a collection of undergraduate student research. This publication displays the ingenuity, curiosity, and academic diversity present at UW Oshkosh. It gives students the opportunity to further their research through collaboration with faculty members and allows them to experience the rewarding rigors of publication as they work alongside our team of editors and reviewers to see their work reach its fullest potential. This high-impact instructional practice offers an exciting chance for students to be engaged in their own learning. For students who want to maximize their education, faculty-mentored research gives them the opportunity to cultivate their ideas in a way that extends far beyond the classroom. These partnerships enrich the individual students and, in turn, the University, developing an environment where active learning is not only encouraged, but celebrated. We are proud to showcase some of the finest examples of this undergraduate research. I would like to thank all of the student authors, faculty advisers, and faculty reviewers who contributed to this issue. Special thanks are also due to Susan Surendonk, Tracy Slagter, and this issue’s student editors, Jacki Thering, Madison Pilarski, and Arielle Smith. Their enthusiasm and dedication is evident on each page. Linda S. Freed Director, Office of Grants and Faculty Development You might not know that the tagline for Oshkosh Scholar is “A journal of undergraduate discoveries.” The editorial team is lucky to share in these discoveries each year, and we’re excited to bring them to you today. Allow me to give you, our readers, a little peek inside this year’s amazing volume. All research begins on a path that has been trod by scholars who came before. Sometimes, however, the path is altered by new findings. Several articles in this volume tackle what we think we know and give us new ways of viewing the world. Chris Hathaway and Anthony Kuchera take us on a journey to the constellation Monoceros, the busy birthplace of new stars, to update our knowledge of how stars form. Dayana Sanchez Vinueza challenges what we know about globalization, and finds that increased international trade does very little to reduce poverty. Steven Mischler pits classic philosophers against modern-day philosophers, illustrating that conceptions of love endure and are coherent across time. Audrey Cowling sorts out the results of animal-assisted therapy on individuals with dementia and provides insight into the circumstances under which animal therapy can be most beneficial to this population. Chelsea Ruff and Amy Gearhart provide insight into the feminine experience in literature and politics. Ruff teases out the unique ways in which complex female characters in two Nalo Hopkinson novels attempt to attain wholeness despite harsh physical realities. Gearhart explores the impact of electoral systems and quotas on female representation in national legislatures in Latin America, showing how electoral rules can make all the difference for female candidates. Other pieces critically reexamine prominent historical figures, looking at them through uncommon lenses. Jared Stroik examines whether or not Richard I’s bloody “Massacre at Acre” was part of a last-ditch military strategy or the work of a heartless brute. James Madison’s presidency is put under Derek Daron’s microscope, and Daron questions Madison’s legacy as one of our “great” American presidents. Hope Schuhart maintains that presidential human rights records are an important piece of any overall evaluation of leadership and analyzes Harry Truman’s record in this regard. I invite you to explore and enjoy these articles, each offering a glimpse into the amazing world of student research at UW Oshkosh. We invite your comments on this volume as well. Send us an e-mail at [email protected] to let us know what you think! Tracy H. Slagter Assistant Professor, Political Science Oshkosh Scholar Faculty Adviser Editorial Board Faculty Reviewers Dr. Tracy Slagter Dr. Laurence Carlin Faculty Adviser Philosophy Susan Surendonk Dr. Stephanie May de Montigny Managing Editor Religious Studies and Anthropology Madison Pilarski Dr. Don Dingledine Student Editor English Arielle Smith Dr. Lisa Dorn Student Editor Biology & Microbiology Jacki Thering Dr. David Furcy Student Editor Computer Science Dr. Fredi Giesler Social Work Dr. Jonathan Gutow Chemistry Dr. Margaret Hostetler English Faculty Reviewers (Continued) Dr. Michael Jasinski Dr. Dan Schmidt Political Science Kinesiology Dr. Marianne Johnson Dr. David J. Siemers Economics Political Science Dr. Stephen Kercher Dr. James R. Simmons History Political Science Dr. Karen N. King Dr. Robert C. Sipes Public Affairs Kinesiology Dr. Paul J. Klemp Dr. Sara Steffes Hansen English Journalism Dr. James Krueger Dr. Bob Stelzer Political Science Biology & Microbiology Dr. Christie Launius Justine Stokes Women’s Studies Radio-TV-Film Dr. Michelle Mouton Dr. Paul Van Auken History Sociology and Environmental Studies Dr. Jennifer Mihalick Chemistry Dr. Mary Weber Center for New Learning Dr. Caryn Murphy Communication Dr. James Paulson Chemistry Dr. David Penniston Mathematics Dr. Anthony Palmeri Communication Dr. Susan B. Ridgely Religious Studies and Anthropology Cover Design Cover logo designed by Design III student Kari Ley. Cover image designed by Design III student Lora J. Vahlsing. Karina Cutler-Lake, M.F.A., Associate Professor. “The cup of objects can visually represent the academic fields that are published in Oshkosh Scholar. And although the disciplines vary they are related and have strong commonalities, even if it is as simple as pen, pencil and scissors.”— Lora J. Vahlsing Layout Amber Patrick Graphics & Presentation Design Production Brian Klinger Administrative Services Special Thanks Dr. Lane Earns Provost and Vice Chancellor Linda S. Freed Director, Office of Grants and Faculty Development Paid for by UW Oshkosh undergraduate students through the Differential Tuition Program. Contents Trade and Poverty in the Developing World Dayana J. Sanchez Vinueza, author Dr. M. Kevin McGee, Economics, faculty adviser page 9 Healing the Feminine Mind/Body Split through Spiritual Performance Chelsea Ruff, author Dr. Jordan Landry, English, faculty adviser page 19 The Massacre at Acre—Mark of a Blood-thirsty King? Jared Stroik, author Dr. Kimberly Rivers, History, faculty adviser page 29 Plato, the Other, and the Freedom to Love Steven Mischler, author Dr. Larry Herzberg, Philosophy, faculty adviser page 36 Studying Complex Star-Forming Fields: Rosette Nebula and Monoceros Loop Chris Hathaway and Anthony Kuchera, co-authors Dr. Nadia Kaltcheva, Physics and Astronomy, faculty adviser page 43 James Madison: A Tale of Two Presidencies Derek Daron, author Dr. David J. Siemers, Political Science, faculty adviser page 50 Gender Quotas: The Right Idea for Argentina, a Good Idea for Latin America Amy Gearhart, author Dr. Druscilla Scribner, Political Science, faculty adviser page 60 Human Rights as Presidential Success: The Truman Era Hope Schuhart, author Dr. David J. Siemers, Political Science, faculty adviser page 70 The Benefits and Limitations of Pet Therapy for People with Dementia Audrey Cowling, author Dr. Susan McFadden, Psychology, faculty adviser page 82 Oshkosh Scholar Page 9 Trade and Poverty in the Developing World Dayana J. Sanchez Vinueza, author Dr. M. Kevin McGee, Economics, faculty adviser Dayana J. Sanchez Vinueza graduated from UW Oshkosh in May 2010 with a B.B.A. in economics with a minor in global business and a B.A. in Spanish. In fall 2008 she became a Ronald McNair Scholar and began her research on trade and poverty under the supervision of Dr. M. Kevin McGee. Dayana is also the recipient of the 17th Annual Celebration of Scholarship Clow Award. Dr. M. Kevin McGee earned his B.A. in mathematics from Ohio Dominican College and his M.A. and Ph.D. from The Ohio State University. He served on the Oshkosh Common Council from 1997 to 2001. He regularly teaches economic and business statistics, econometrics, microeconomic principles, and public sector economics. Abstract Globalization brings progress to a nation as well as rapid economic growth. It also helps increase gross domestic product and, most importantly, makes part of the population more prosperous by increasing living standards and allowing the country to be self-sustainable. In this study, data from 84 countries were collected from the World Trade Organization; using Ordinary Least Squares, this data was analyzed to help determine the effects trade has on absolute and relative poverty as well as inequality. Findings showed that trade does help reduce absolute poverty but at a very slow and diminishing rate. In addition, trade creates a small but statistically insignificant reduction in inequality. The results also showed that greater population growth results in more poverty.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fair Shares for All
    FAIR SHARES FOR ALL JACOBIN EGALITARIANISM IN PRACT ICE JEAN-PIERRE GROSS This study explores the egalitarian policies pursued in the provinces during the radical phase of the French Revolution, but moves away from the habit of looking at such issues in terms of the Terror alone. It challenges revisionist readings of Jacobinism that dwell on its totalitarian potential or portray it as dangerously Utopian. The mainstream Jacobin agenda held out the promise of 'fair shares' and equal opportunities for all in a private-ownership market economy. It sought to achieve social justice without jeopardising human rights and tended thus to complement, rather than undermine, the liberal, individualist programme of the Revolution. The book stresses the relevance of the 'Enlightenment legacy', the close affinities between Girondins and Montagnards, the key role played by many lesser-known figures and the moral ascendancy of Robespierre. It reassesses the basic social and economic issues at stake in the Revolution, which cannot be adequately understood solely in terms of political discourse. Past and Present Publications Fair shares for all Past and Present Publications General Editor: JOANNA INNES, Somerville College, Oxford Past and Present Publications comprise books similar in character to the articles in the journal Past and Present. Whether the volumes in the series are collections of essays - some previously published, others new studies - or mono- graphs, they encompass a wide variety of scholarly and original works primarily concerned with social, economic and cultural changes, and their causes and consequences. They will appeal to both specialists and non-specialists and will endeavour to communicate the results of historical and allied research in readable and lively form.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CONQUEST of ACRE De Expugnata Accone
    1 THE CONQUEST OF ACRE De Expugnata Accone A Poetic Narrative of the Third Crusade Critical edition, translated with an introduction and notes by Tedd A. Wimperis Boston College Advanced Study Grant Summer 2009 2 Introduction In the year 1099 AD, the First Crusade, undertaken by European nobles and overseen by the Christian church, seized control of Jerusalem after a campaign of four years, setting up a Latin kingdom based in that city and establishing a Western presence in the Near East that would endure for two hundred years. After a series of clashes with Muslim armies, a second crusade was called that lasted from 1147-49. Then, in 1187, the delicate balance of powers erupted into conflict, and a unified Islamic force under the leadership of the legendary Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, swept through the Holy Land, cutting a swathe through the Crusader States until it brought Jerusalem itself to surrender. In the wake of this calamity, Europe fixed its intentions on reclaiming the land, and the Western powers again took up the Cross in what would be the Third Crusade. The crusade launched in 1189, and would thunder on until 1192, when the warring armies reached a stalemate and a treaty was signed between Saladin and King Richard I of England. But the very first engagement of the Third Crusade, and the longest-lasting, was the siege of Acre, a city on the coast of Palestine northwest of Jerusalem, important both militarily and as a center of trade. Acre was vigorously defended by the Muslim occupiers and fiercely fought for by the assembled might of the West for a grueling two years that saw thousands of casualties, famine, disease, and a brutal massacre.
    [Show full text]
  • H-France Review Volume 4 (2004) Page 248
    H-France Review Volume 4 (2004) Page 248 H-France Review Vol. 4 (July 2004), No. 69 Rosemary Brindle, Trans. and Ed., Guns in the Desert: General Jean-Pierre Doguereau’s Journal of Napoleon’s Egyptian Expedition. Westport, Conn. and London: Praeger, 2002. xv + 200 pp. Maps, figures, notes, bibliography, and index. $79.95 U.S. (cl). ISBN 0-313-32512-X. Review by Maya Jasanoff, University of Michigan. Few episodes better portray Napoleon Bonaparte’s career in all its ambition, bravura, and farce than the 1798-1801 invasion and occupation of Egypt. Few, too, are as poorly served by scholarship. Compared with the reams of archival documents, memoirs, images, maps, military analyses, and works of history and fiction that together chronicle every step of Napoleon’s better-known exploits in central Europe or Russia, the campaign in Egypt and Palestine of 1798-99 has generated considerably less attention. It was, of course, a failure--on that much, surely its historians would agree--and some might say fiasco. Napoleon’s 36,000-strong Armée d’Orient landed in Alexandria on July 1, 1798, and took Cairo in the space of three weeks. But their rapid success was illusory. On August 1, Admiral Nelson demolished the French fleet at Aboukir Bay, leaving the Armée d’Orient effectively marooned. In Upper Egypt, meanwhile, French forces were harassed by the Mameluke commander Murad Bey; and in other parts of the country, the would-be occupiers were faced by popular uprisings, notably in Cairo in October, 1798. Perhaps to save face, Napoleon marched north into Palestine in the winter of 1799 and captured the port city of Jaffa in grisly style: thousands of Arabs were massacred, hundreds of French troops struck down by the plague.
    [Show full text]
  • OARDC HCS 0641.Pdf (13.64Mb)
    Ohio Grape-Wine Short Course 1994 Proceedings Horticulture Department Series 641 The Ohio State University Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, Ohio '- ~------_.--P-____________________________________ _. • T · H · E OHIO SD\1E UNIVERSITY ~-----------------~ Horticulture Department Series #641 April 1995 Proceedings of the 22"d OHIO GRAPE-WINE SHORT COURSE February 20 - February 22, 1994 - Cleveland, Ohio Edited by Roland Riesen Sponsored by Department of Horticulture- The Ohio State University In cooperation with Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Ohio Cooperative Extension Service Ohio Grape Industries Committee • Ohio Wine Producers Association With the contribution of Bonnie Franks Margaret Latta Lloyd Lemmermann Judy Stetson This page intentionally blank. PREFACE More than 150 persons attended the 1994 Ohio Grape-Wine Short Course, which was held at the Holiday Inn, Middleburg Heights, OH on February 20-February 22. Those attending were from 15 states, not including Ohio, and represented many areas of the grape and wine industry. This course was sponsored by the Department of Horticulture, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio Cooperative Extension Service, Ohio Wine Producers Association and Ohio Grape Industries Committee . • All publications of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center are available to all potential clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin,
    [Show full text]
  • Napoleon Bonaparte: His Successes and Failures
    ISSN 2414-8385 (Online) European Journal of September-December 2017 ISSN 2414-8377 (Print Multidisciplinary Studies Volume 2, Issue 7 Napoleon Bonaparte: His Successes and Failures Zakia Sultana Assist. Prof., School of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of Information Technology and Sciences (UITS), Baridhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Born on the island of Corsica, Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution (1789-1799). After seizing political power in France in a 1799 coup d’état, he crowned himself emperor in 1804. Shrewd, ambitious and a skilled military strategist, Napoleon successfully waged war against various coalitions of European nations and expanded his empire. However, after a disastrous French invasion of Russia in 1812, Napoleon abdicated the throne two years later and was exiled to the island of Elba. In 1815, he briefly returned to power in his Hundred Days campaign. After a crushing defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, he abdicated once again and was exiled to the remote island of Saint Helena, where he died at 51.Napoleon was responsible for spreading the values of the French Revolution to other countries, especially in legal reform and the abolition of serfdom. After the fall of Napoleon, not only was the Napoleonic Code retained by conquered countries including the Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany, but has been used as the basis of certain parts of law outside Europe including the Dominican Republic, the US state of Louisiana and the Canadian province of Quebec.
    [Show full text]
  • A Very Rare 2 Clasp Ngs 1793 Awarded for Sir Sydney Smith’S Epic 2 Month Defence of Acre in 1799 Against French Forces Led by Napoleon Himself
    A VERY RARE 2 CLASP NGS 1793 AWARDED FOR SIR SYDNEY SMITH’S EPIC 2 MONTH DEFENCE OF ACRE IN 1799 AGAINST FRENCH FORCES LED BY NAPOLEON HIMSELF. THE RESULTS OF THE SIEGE HAD A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON NAPOLEON’S AMBITIONS, LATER SAYING OF SMITH "THAT MAN MADE ME MISS MY DESTINY!" NAVAL GENERAL SERVICE 1793-1840, 2 CLASPS, ACRE 30 MAY 1799, EGYPT ‘ADAM SAMPSON’ Ordinary Seaman Adam Sampson, served aboard H.M.S. Tigre, commanded by the famed Sir Sydney Smith, during the epic 2 month siege of Acre in 1799. Described as his first decisive defeat on land, the outcome of the siege forced Napoleon’s withdrawal back to Egypt and ultimately determined his ambitions for further conquest in North Africa. Sampson would continue to serve aboard Tigre during the British landings and campaign in Egypt, that finally defeated Napoleon in that theatre. Honoured on his return to Britain in 1801, Napoleon, reminiscing later in his life, said of Smith’s actions at Acre; "That man made me miss my destiny" The significant strategic importance of the walled city of Acre itself (today Akko in northern Israel) was due to its commanding position on the route between Egypt and Syria. With a French attack on the city imminent, Sir Sidney Smith with the two 74’s; H.M.S. Tigre, Theseus, and the 20 gun Alliance, anchored off Acre on 15 March 1799 to assist in the Ottoman defence. Two days later the French army, led by Napoleon himself, arrived and proceeded to invest the town. Over the following two months, the French made repeated and furious assaults on the town, each time being repulsed, Napoleon finally calling of the siege on 20 May 1799.
    [Show full text]
  • New York: Basic Books, 2017. Pp
    © 2018 Phi Alpha Theta BOOK REVIEWS EDITORIAL OFFICE: University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, SOC 107, Tampa, FL 33620-8100. Telephone: 740-368-3642. Facsimile: 740-368-3643 E-MAIL ADDRESS: [email protected] WEB ADDRESS: http://go.owu.edu/~brhistor EDITOR Jonathan Scott Perry University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee CONSULTING EDITOR Richard Spall Jnr. Ohio Wesleyan University SENIOR EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS Alyssa DiPadova Kelsey Heath Henry Sloan Kyle Rabung EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS Amanda Hays Maddie Lancaster Jason Perry Haley Mees Slater Sabo Christopher Shanley WORD PROCESSING: Laurie George © 2018 Phi Alpha Theta AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST Market Encounters: Consumer Cultures in Twentieth-Century Ghana. By Bianca Murillo. (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2017. Pp. vii, 232. $32.95.) Agency has long been a central concern of historians of Africa. Past studies of agricultural innovations, labor unrest, and “informal” trade have allowed us to see African peoples not as passive economic actors but as empowered producers who pursued their own aims amid the imposition of exploitative colonial econo- mies. Few studies, however, have examined African consumerism or the ways in which the creation of African consumer cultures was more than a byproduct of colonial or global capitalism. In Market Encounters: Consumer Cultures in Twentieth-Century Ghana, Bianca Murillo offers a stimulating corrective to this imbalance. Presented as an “attempt to explore the multitude of relationships that shaped Ghana’s economic reality and structured capitalist exchange” in the British colony of the Gold Coast turned independent nation of Ghana (1957), her book deploys archival and oral sources to explore “the complex social ter- rains that made the buying and selling of goods in modern Ghana possible” (6).
    [Show full text]
  • Hobhouse and the Hundred Days
    116 The Hundred Days, March 11th-July 24th 1815 The Hundred Days March 11th-July 24th 1815 Edited from B.L.Add.Mss. 47232, and Berg Collection Volumes 2, 3 and 4: Broughton Holograph Diaries, Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. Saturday March 11th 1815: Received this morning from my father the following letter: Lord Cochrane has escaped from prison1 – Bounaparte has escaped from Elba2 – I write this from the House of Commons and the intelligence in both cases seems to rest on good authority and is believed. Benjamin Hobhouse Both are certainly true. Cullen3 came down today and confirmed the whole of both. From the first I feel sure of Napoleon’s success. I received a letter [from] Lord John Townshend4 apologising for his rudeness, but annexing such comments as require a hint from me at the close of the controversy. Sunday March 12th 1815: Finish reading the Αυτοχεδιοι Ετοχασµοι of Coray.5 1: Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald (1775-1860) admiral. Implicated unfairly in a financial scandal, he had been imprisoned by the establishment enemies he had made in his exposure of Admiralty corruption. He was recaptured (see below, 21 Mar 1815). He later became famous as the friend and naval assistant of Simon Bolivar. 2: Napoleon left Elba on March 26th. 3: Cullen was a lawyer friend of H., at Lincoln’s Inn. 4: Lord John Townshend. (1757-1833); H. has been planning to compete against his son as M.P. for Cambridge University, which has made discord for which Townshend has apologised.
    [Show full text]
  • Actions and Receptions of the Knights Templar from 1118-1192
    Actions and Receptions of the Knights Templar from 1118-1192 By Neil Wu A thesis submitted to the Department of History for honors Duke University Durham, North Carolina Under the advisement of Dr. Mary J. Morrow April 15, 2019 Wu i Abstract In 1118, a quasi-monastic military order known as the Knights Templar was founded in the crusader kingdom of Jerusalem. Church leaders saw this organization as an opportunity to inspire the religiosity of the crusading movement. In 1129, their aspirations were expressed through the Latin Rule of the Knights Templar, a document that regulated the Templars’ conduct. The Latin Rule’s rigid guidelines prescribed a lifestyle that combined elements of monasticism and knighthood. The Church hoped that under the influence of this mandate, the Templars would promote an agenda of piety, religious duty, camaraderie with peers, and ferocity against the enemy. However, the Templars were quick to form their own interpretations of purpose. Previous scholarship has primarily focused on the late thirteenth century actions of the Knights Templar in order to determine what factors led to their eventual downfall in 1307. However, this thesis argues that even without considering these later actions of the Knights Templar, there is significant evidence from 1118-1192 alone that demonstrates how the order began forming their own interpretations of their purpose. Rather than living under strict adherence to the original mandates of the Latin Rule, what resulted was an organization that excelled in battle and utilized its military abilities to pursue their own financial and political agendas in the Holy Land. Many contemporaries took note of the Templars’ choice of actions and of their apparent priorities.
    [Show full text]
  • ULSTER THEDA JOURNAL PUBLISHED on BEHALF of the ULSTER MEDICAL SOCIETY Vol
    I ULSTER THEDA JOURNAL PUBLISHED ON BEHALF OF THE ULSTER MEDICAL SOCIETY Vol. XXI 1st NOVEMBER, 1952 No. 2 Baron Larrey (1766-1842) : Napoleon's Chief Surgcon and His Times By J. C. ROBB, M.D., M.CH. Presi'ential Address to the Ulster Medical Society, Session 1951-52 DOMINIQUE JEAN LARREY, Baron of the Empire, Commander of the Legion of Honour, Inspector-General of the Medical Staff of the French Armies, Chief Surgeon of the Grand Army, and First Surgeon of the Imperial Guard, was born in 1766, three years before Napoleon Bonoparte, whose loving follower Larrey was destined to become. His birthplace was in the romantic region of the High Pyreniees, at the village of Beaudeau. At the period of Larrey's birth, centuries of misrule were about to culminate in a mighty catastrophe for Franice. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, France was the most powerful nation in Europe. Under Louis XIV, she had threatened to dominate the whole Continent, but her advance had been checked largely by the genius of Marlborough. From twenty years of aggression her finances had never recovered. Though with her virile, ingenious people, France's capacity to recover financial equilibrium seemed self-evident, her every effort to do so failed. Ihe blame was laid at the door of the aristocrats, whose privileges alone seemed to stand between the nation and a happier future. All power was centred in the throne, and the once turbulent nobles of France lived lives of (lissipation around the palace of Versailles. Increased privi'lege was the price which the sovereigns of France had paid the Nobility for the loss of ancient powers-privilege, not to do but to receive.
    [Show full text]
  • Napoleon in His Own Defence by the Same Author
    m 0- NAPOLEON IN HIS OWN DEFENCE BY THE SAME AUTHOR NAPOLEON AND HIS FELLOW TRAVELLERS CASSELL AND COMPANY, LIMITEU London, New YorJi, Toronto & Melbourne ^¥ NAPOLEON IN HIS OWN DEFENCE BEING A REPRINT OF CERTAIN LETTERS WRITTEN BY NAPOLEON FROM ST. HELENA TO LADY CLAVERING, AND A REPLY BY THEODORE HOOK WITH WHICH ARE INCORPORATED NOTES AND AN ESSAY ON NAPOLEON AS A MAN OF LETTERS BY CLEMENT SHORTER « \ WITH FIVE PLATES CASSELL AND COMPANY, LIMITED London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne 1910 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION ix I. NAPOLEON AS A MAN OF LETTERS. Suggested by THE Republication of his " Letters from the Cape." By the Editor xv II. LETTERS FROM THE CAPE. Attributed to O'Meara AND Las Cases, but Actually Written by Napoleon. With a Prefatory Note by the Editor .... 3 III. NAPOLEON IN ST. HELENA. Bv Theodore Hook, being a Reply to the " Letters from the Cape." With a Prefatory Note on Hook by the Editor . 163 APPENDIX. HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED LETTERS BY T. H. BROOKE, SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNOR OF ST. HELENA 261 INDEX 273 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Napoleon on the Northumberland . Frontispiece Napoleon Dictating His Memoirs to Las Cases facing page xl Prominent Men in "Napoleon in His Own Defence" „ 80 A Little-Known Napoleon Memorial . „ 176 Views of Longwood House .... „ 208 INTRODUCTION No one, it may be said, should venture without an apology to add yet another to the forty thousand or more books and pamphlets that treat of Napoleon. Possibly it may be thought an adequate excuse when I suggest that I am not here actually adding to that vast mass of Napoleonic literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Crusader Art in the Holy Land, from the Third Crusade to the Fall of Acre, 1187 -- 1291
    Crusader Art in the Holy Land, from the Third Crusade to the Fall of Acre, 1187 -- 1291 General Subject Index Note: A manuscript index arranged by repository name is to be found at the end of the printed work Abbasid caliphate, 366 Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 7 Acre aerial photo, fig. 61 architectural studies of, 523 artistic production at, lxv, lxvii, 303–4 (See also Acre, manuscripts; Acre, scriptorium) baillage of, 160–61 banners of, 38, 569n141 Baybars’s attack on, 262, 264, 266, 267 Béguines in, 275 Benedictines in, 400 Burchard of Mount Sion on, 388, 399, 400 Carmelites in, 400 cemeteries of, 247, 274, 356, 564n168 Christian schools of, 400 churches of, 38, 60, 61, 182, 183–84, 274–75, 388, 604n377, 605n403, 622n395 Gothic, 8, 279–80 Templar, 183 Cistercians in, 400 coinage of, 48, 205, 258, 316, 505, 514, 677n152, figs 12-16, fig. 36–38, fig. 111–12, fig. 163, plate 7 coin hoard, 505, 677n152 commerce of, 60, 61, 62, 397, 398, 632n660, 652n283 commune end of, 169 formation of, 158, 227 impact on artistic activity, 174, 227 John of Ibelin’s mayorality of, 161 2 confraternities of, 61, 633n685 convents of, 183, 362 Crusader reconquest of, 30, 48, 53, 60, 515 cultural life of, 274, 400 destruction of art at, 38, 469, 569n144 distance from Safed, 621n336 Dominicans in, 183, 296, 630n591, 653n314 in earthquake of 1202, 125, 184 Eastern Christians of, 183, 398, 574n46 Arabs, 627n501 economy of, 394, 397 effect of mercantile conflict on, 255 emergency coinage of, 145 excavation of, 15, 183, 227, 275, 280, 359, 404, 504, 605n378, 670n635, 674n91 fall of (1291), 183, 274, 340, 403, 482–91, 525 aftermath, 506–7 captives from, 489–90 clergy after, 491, 511 Crusader art following, 507–10, 525 Crusaders following, 507 defenders in, 485–86 Henry II in, 486 Hospitallers in, 485, 486, 487 Jacques de Vitry on, 480 mourning for, 489 in pilgrims’ accounts, 488–91 public opinion on, 507 razing of, 489 siege, 484–89 spolia from, 489, 491, 673n70 St.
    [Show full text]