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PIANO PAESAGGISTICO REGIONALE 4&6WUXWWXUHLGHQWLWDULHB6&B3LHYHVH QUADRO CONOSCITIVO 5HJLRQH8PEULD ATLANTE DEI PAESAGGI
PAESAGGIO REGIONALE 4.sc PIEVESE Il paesaggio è caratterizzato principalmente dai centri storici di Città della Pieve e di Piegaro, nonché per la ricca presenza di ville, tra cui emerge la Villa Giorgi Taccini, poco STRUTTURA IDENTITARIA Città della Pieve, i boschi dell’alta valle del Nestore, i vigneti di costa, i distante da Città della Pieve, in località Musignao, lungo la via Chiusina, posta in cima ad uno sperone di roccia, in posizione dominante rispetto alla valle della Chiana romana, segni e le architetture delle bonifica della val di Chiana sperone che è fortemente caratterizzante per la sua copertura forestale molto compatta e per i tagli molto profondi incisi nella roccia medesima. Si tratta di una Villa costruita nel I Comuni interessati dalla struttura Città della Pieve, Piegaro 1845. identitaria Le origini di Città della Pieve sono riconducibili al periodo etrusco-romano, testimoniato da reperti ritrovati nel territorio limitrofo e lungo la Valdichiana. Città della Pieve Descrizione dei caratteri paesaggistici apparteneva al Ducato longobardo di Chiusi di cui, vista la posizione strategica che RISORSE IDENTITARIE CARATTERI PAESAGGISTICI assumeva, ne costituiva un baluardo difensivo, nei confronti della Perugia bizantina. Nell’VIII secolo si edifica una “Pieve”, all’esterno del castrum e introno ad essa viene Il paesaggio si caratterizza per la morfologia collinare, che contraddistingue un ampio edificato un borgo che verrà cinto da nuove mura, intorno all’anno Mille, per dare vita al contesto, compreso tra Piegaro e Città della Pieve. Si tratta dell’alta valle del Nestore, nuovo “Castello della Pieve”, nome che risulta come il nome antico della città. La storia caratterizzata appunto da un sistema collinare che non supera le quote dei 400 m. I di Città della Pieve è strettamente legata alle vicende conflittuali con Perugia e ai legami rilievi collinari si caratterizzano per le aree sommitali sostanzialmente pianeggianti, il instaurati con la vicina Siena, rapporti che hanno determinato l’architettura e la struttura rilievo arenaceo nel suo complesso è solcato da valloni di una certa profondità. Il urbana dell’attuale centro storico. La città storica si caratterizza per queste influenze paesaggio si caratterizza in particolare per la copertura forestale molto ricca, senesi, ma anche per essere uno dei centri più importanti per la lavorazione del laterizio, rappresentata dai boschi dell’Alta Valle del Nestore, contesto riconosciuto come Sito di Risorse che diventa il materiale più utilizzato e che meglio rappresenta il rapporto e i legami con Interesse Comunitario. Tra le macchie boschive si ritagliano lembi di suolo coltivati a storico-culturali Siena. Il periodo durante il quale si consolida l’attuale aspetto medievale di Città della seminativo. Ma l’spetto più caratterizzante rimane l’estensione e la qualità del bosco, Pieve è intorno all’anno 1228, anno in cui diventa libero Comune, in seguito agli scontri che rappresenta uno dei siti più estesi e maglio conservati nel contesto regionale. Si con le vicine Orvieto e Perugia, che vennero sconfitte, grazie all’ingresso, dalla tratta di un bosco con la presenza dominante di cerro, arricchito, alle quote più elevate, Valdichiana, dell’esercito di Federico II di Svezia. La città medievale si struttura con un dal carpino, mentre i profondi valloni, si caratterizzano anche per la presenza di tessuto urbano rispondente anche alla composizione sociale della stessa, dunque si boschetti cedui. Un’altra particolarità naturalistica vegetazionale di questo paesaggio è suddivide in tre partizioni amministrative, vale a dire in tre Terzieri: il Terziere Castello legata alla presenza di lembi di brughiera di Calluna vulgaris del genere Calluna e della della classe dei cavalieri, il Terziere Borgo Dentro della classe borghese e il Terziere Risorse famiglia Ericaceae, che, oltre al valore paesaggistico, assume un valore biogeografico Casalino della classe dei pedoni. Il centro storico di Città della Pieve si caratterizza fisico-nauralistiche per il fatto di trovarsi nel contesto più meridionale rispetto alla distribuzione italiana. inoltre per le emergenze architettoniche, sorte tra la fine del secolo XII e la prima metà Sotto il profilo naturalistico il contesto è caratterizzato anche dalla presenza di esemplari del secolo XIV, sorti tutti all’interno della cerchia muraria, come il Palazzo dei Priori, la di querce rare rispetto al contesto regionale e nazionale. Torre Civica, la nuova Pieve, caratterizzata dai nuovi tratti gotici, la Torre del Vescovo, I centri abitati, che caratterizzano maggiormente il paesaggio, sono Città della Pieve e l’imponente Rocca perugina, che forse meglio di qualunque altra opera, rappresenta in Piegaro, entrambi posti su rilievi collinari, collegati tra loro e con Perugia, passando per modo chiaro il rapporto che Città delle Pieve aveva nei confronti di Siena, infatti la Tavernelle, dalla strada Pievaiola. fabbrica è stata progettata dagli architetti senesi Lorenzo e Ambrogio Maitani. Città della Città della Pieve si caratterizza per i rapporti fisici, morfologici e di uso del suolo, ancora Pieve infine è fortemente caratterizzata dalla presenza, testimoniata dalle numerose chiari e leggibili soprattutto nel lato ovest del centro storico, lato in cui il bosco sembra opere d’arte presenti in città nelle varie forme, di Pietro Vannucci (XV secolo) detto il voler insinuarsi nello spazio urbano, che si è adagiato alla forma e morfologia del colle. Il “Perugino”, altro elemento di legame con la Toscana, vista la formazione dell’artista, limite a sud è caratterizzato invece, oltre che da lembi dibosco, da sistemazioni e avvenuta sulla scuola di Piero della Francesca e sulla bottega sperimentale del coltivazioni ad ulivo. Sul lato est e nord-est invece è meno chiaro il rapporto tra Verrocchio, dunque tra Arezzo e Firenze. insediamento consolidato e morfologie dei suoli, si caratterizza, diversamente, per Il paesaggio si caratterizza in modo particolare per l’identità ancora espressa da Città l’insediamento più o meno recente, alternato a macchie di bosco, seminativi e oliveti, della Pieve, in fuoco identitario di questo contesto e soprattutto per i valori che ancora nonché per le espansioni urbane sviluppatisi lungo i tracciati viari principali e secondari, esprime in quanto territorio di confine tra Umbria e Toscana, tra Perugia e Siena. in questa alternanza poco definita di spazi aperti e insediamento. Rapporti spesso conflittuali, che nella storia hanno caratterizzato e condizionato la forma Risorse della città che oggi ancora vediamo. I valori sociali e simbolici che il paesaggio esprime sociali-simboliche sono appunto legati alle forme e tecniche costruttive, nonché nell’uso del materiale storico e tradizionale senese del laterizio, al disegno e alla forma urbana, che ancora si legge come l’impianto originario medievale, alle forme artistiche lasciate in eredità dal Perugino, che rende ancora oggi Città della Pieve nota in sede nazionale e internazionale. PIANO PAESAGGISTICO REGIONALE QUADRO CONOSCITIVO ATLANTE DEI PAESAGGI
Il paesaggio si caratterizza principalmente per i valori simbolici e sociali legati alla storia PAESAGGIO REGIONALE 4.sc PIEVESE del sito minerario di lignite, che ebbe una importanza regionale, alla realizzazione Risorse dell’infrastruttura su ferro per il trasporto merci, la ferrovia Ellera-Pietrafitta denominata STRUTTURA IDENTITARIA La valle del Nestore, il lago e l’area di Pietrafitta tra paleontologia, sociali-simboliche la “Ferrovia delle Miniere”, alla storia della realizzazione delle centrali e dal ritrovamento, 4_SC_1 connesso agli scavi minerari, dei reperti fossili, a testimonianza del valore paleontologico archeologia industriale e produzione energetica del sito stesso.
I Comuni interessati dalla struttura Panicale, Piegaro, Marsciano, Perugia identitaria PAESAGGIO REGIONALE 4.sc PIEVESE
Descrizione dei caratteri paesaggistici STRUTTURA IDENTITARIA La Valle di “Pian dell’Abate”, il Mandoleto, i castelli di poggio e le ville RISORSE IDENTITARIE CARATTERI PAESAGGISTICI 4_SC_2
Il paesaggio si caratterizza per la morfologia prevalentemente pianeggiante, costituita in I Comuni interessati dalla struttura Perugia, Corciano, Magione e Marsciano parte dall’alta valle del Nestore, delimitato a nord dal sistema collinare dei Monti identitaria Marzolana e Montali, che digradano ancora più a nord sul Lago Trasimeno, a sud dal Lago di Pietrafitta e dall’abitato omonimo mentre a est dall’abitato di Tavernelle. Il lago di Descrizione dei caratteri paesaggistici Pietrafitta insieme alla centrale ENEL omonima, caratterizzano in modo particolare il RISORSE IDENTITARIE CARATTERI PAESAGGISTICI paesaggio, in quanto costituiscono due segni evidenti e abbastanza dirompenti rispetto alle morfologie insediative e alla trama agricola ancora rinvenibile, alla quale, comunque, Il paesaggio si caratterizza essenzialmente per la morfologia basso-collinare. Il contesto si sovrappone un sistema insediativo sparso di recente formazione. di paesaggio coincide con la Valle denominata “Pian dell’Abate”. Si tratta di una valle I centri abitati maggiori che caratterizzano il paesaggio sono Tavernelle, che si sviluppa alluvionale solcata da uno dei principali affluenti del Fiume Nestore, il Torrente Caina e lungo la viabilità Pievaiola di collegamento con Perugia e ha come limite meridionale il dal Rio Fratta, oltre che da una ricca rete di canali e fossi che ne determinano la corso d’acqua del Nestore, e Pietrafitta. Il centro di Tevernelle si sviluppa su un tessuto Risorse ricchezza idrografica, tra i quali emerge il Fosso Loggio il Fosso Ponaiolo, entrambi a pettine incardinato sul tracciato della Pievaiola, con una formazione edilizia fisico-nauralistiche affluenti del Caina. relativamente recente, abbastanza eterogenea dove emerge, appoggiata su un’ansa del I versanti collinari intorno al Caina si caratterizzano, dal punto di vista geologico, per Nestore, un’area con insediamento produttivo. Il centro di Pietrafitta, limitrofo alla l’alternanza di depositi lacustri del Villafranchiano con matrice prevalentemente centrale omonima, si caratterizza per un paesaggio di prossimità costituito sabbioso-conglomeratica e substrati più antichi, con origine miocenica-paleocenica, dall’alternanza della espansione urbana, con lembi di bosco, che ne costituiscono il anch’essi a prevalenza di arenarie e marne. margine a sud, a aree coltivate a seminativo e uliveto. Naturalmente ciò che colpisce Il contesto basso-collinare, coincidente con la Valle di “Pian dell’Abate” è inquadrato da maggiormente per il paesaggio di prossimità di Pietrafitta è la centrale e i manufatti che rilievi collinari che non superano i 400 m di altitudine, dove il rilievo più alto è costituito la compongono, di impatto percettivo, funzionale e simbolico rilevante. dal poggio di Agello, dove sorge l’insediamento omonimo, che misura 411 m. Il paesaggio si caratterizza infine per i rilievi collinari che fanno da limite settentrionale e Il contesto della piana è delimitato dai dolci versati collinari e inquadrato dal relativo lo separano dal Lago Trasimeno, rilievi caratterizzati in particolare per la copertura sistema di crinali, costituito dal già richiamato Agello, per poi proseguire in senso orario Risorse vegetazionale costituita prevalentemente da faggete, con le quote massime raggiunte con Castellaccio, Solomeo, Capanne, Bagnaia, Villa Montefreddo, Pilonico Materno, fisico-nauralistiche dal Monte Marzolana che comunque non supera i 586 m. Monticelli, Castiglione della Valle, Poggio delle Corti, San Martino dei Colli. I toponimi Il paesaggio è caratterizzato in particolare dal sito di Pietrafitta, noto come giacimento di appena richiamati corrispondono in linea di massima ad un sistema insediativo collinare, lignite, che ebbe inizio in seguito ai movimenti tettonici che provocarono l’innalzamento che individua un “bacino”, anche visivo, verso la piana. Detti versanti collinari si del paleo Nestore e la formazione di piccoli bacini con acque stagnanti. Il sito inoltre si caratterizzano per un sistema di valli e vallecole poco incise, abbastanza estese e con caratterizza per il suo grande valore paleontologico, testimoniato in seguito ai primi dolci pendenze. Emergono, dal punto di vista vegetazionale, alcune aree coperte da ritrovamenti fossili, operati dal Boldrini, durante le opere di scavo minerario negli anni pineta, alcuni lembi di bosco e macchia mediterranea, per quanto attiene il versante di ’60. Ritrovamenti e raccolte di reperti fossili operata in via del tutto casuale, fino ad San Martino dei Colli. Sempre dal punto di vista vegetazionale si segnala la presenza di arrivare all’interessamento dell’ENEL, della Soprintendenza Archeologica dell’Umbria filari di Pini secolari lungo il Torrente Caina. Risorse congiuntamente con l’Università degli Studi di Perugia, per costituire una raccolta e Dal punto di vista infrastrutturale si evidenzia che la valle è attraversata nella direzione storico-culturali sistematizzazione dei reperti ritrovati. Altro elemento che caratterizza il sito è la storia EST-OVEST dalla “Pievaiola” che collega l’insediamento di Capanne con Città della legata ai giacimenti di lignite e alle relative centrali che si sono succedute nel tempo fino Pieve. Per quanto attiene le infrastrutture si evidenzia il tratto di ferrovia abbandonata, ad arrivare all’attuale impianto. Legata alla realizzazione del sito estrattivo è la un troncone ad unico binario della “Ellera-Tavernelle”. costruzione del tratto, dismesso, della ferrovia mineraria di Pietrafitta. Durante La prima Sotto il profilo insediativo si evidenzia la casa circondariale di Capanne che restituisce guerra mondiale, di fronte alla necessità di combustibili, l’area di Pietrafitta ebbe un un impatto paesaggistico di rilievo rispetto al contesto in cui sorge. grande rilancio dovuto alla presenza di un esteso banco di lignite a cielo aperto e si determinò la necessità del trasporto, del materiale estratto, dal giacimento alla ferrovia Terontola-Foligno. PIANO PAESAGGISTICO REGIONALE QUADRO CONOSCITIVO ATLANTE DEI PAESAGGI
Il paesaggio si caratterizza per l’assetto agrario tradizionale di cui ancora ne presenta i Il Paesaggio si caratterizza fortemente per i valori connessi alla relazione ancora caratteri salienti, ancorchè relazionato con il sistema insediativo storico, costituito da evidente tra risorse storico-culturali, usi del suolo e caratteri naturalistici. Prevale castelli e borghi di poggio, nonché da ville gentilizie e dimore storiche rurali. I caratteri l’immagine del contado, del podere, in una morfologia valliva, basso-collinare, storico-culturali del contesto, connessi agli assetti agrari tradizionali, al sistema fortemente caratterizzata da incastellamenti e ville, fortificate e non, dai caratteri rurali insediativo storico, sono testimoniati anche dal fatto che l’intero contesto paesaggistico è connesse ad un appoderamento e una sistemazione agraria tradizionale ancora ben Dichiarato di Notevole Interesse Pubblico, in virtù dei medesimi caratteri. Detto contesto conservata. Anche la presenza dell’acqua, torrenti, fossi e canali, contribuiscono a si caratterizza inoltre per la continuità e in parte per la sovrapposizione con il contesto determinarne l’immagine simbolica della fertilità e della ruralità storico-tradizionale. Meno del “Contado di Porta Eburnea”, che, anche se afferente ad un altro ambito di paesaggio rilevante anche se non trascurabile è la presenza della viabilità poderale e Risorse regionale, ne costituisce una naturale risorsa, anche sotto il profilo storico-culturale, oltre infrastrutturale dismessa, come il tronco ferroviario della Ellera-Tavernelle, annoverata sociali-simboliche che naturalistico-ambientale. tra le “ferrovie dimenticate”, ovvero tra i percorsi “ecologici” da valorizzare anche Il sistema insediativo, costituito dagli incastellamenti di poggio, che si affacciano attraverso manifestazioni volte alla fruizione degli stessi per i loro caratteri storico- prevalentemente sulla “Valle di Pian dell’Abate”, si caratterizza, in primo luogo, per i culturali e naturalistico-ambientali. Altro elemento degno di nota sotto il profilo sociale- Castelli di Solomeo e di Gallenga, posti agli estremi nord-est del contesto stesso. simbolico, connesso ai valori di rilevanza del contesto, è il castello di Solomeo, un borgo Il primo, ricadente nel Comune di Corciano, faceva parte di un più vasto sistema rinomato in ambito nazionale e internazionale, in quanto utilizzato e sapientemente difensivo, posto intorno al Monte Malbe, del Perugino verso il Trasimeno. Il Castello si restaurato come sede di una delle aziende tessili leader mondiali nel settore del può far risalire al secolo XIV anche se, in seguito al ritrovamento di una serie di cachemire (la Brunello Cucinelli Cashmere). necropoli, è accertata la presenza di civiltà risalenti al III secolo a.C. Il Castello di Solomeo, sorge sulla sommità del colle, le cui pendici, sotto il profilo dell’insediamento storico, si caratterizzano per la presenza accertata di insediamenti sparsi, che si Risorse possono relazionare al sistema delle villae rusticae, ovvero al diffondersi di fattorie storico-culturali agricole, fenomeno abbastanza diffuso nella Regione, almeno nei contesti limitrofi a questo, in seguito al processo di romanizzazione avvenuto in seguito alla fine della cultura etrusca. Tali ritrovamenti, effettuati lungo le pendici del colle di Solomeo nei pressi di Rugolano, Montefrondoso e Mandoleto, testimoniano il processo di insediamento legato alle pratiche agricole sopra richiamato. Il secondo, il Castello di Gallenga, ottocentesco, nasce con l’impostazione progettuale di una villa fortificata, secondo la tendenza del momento, e infatti si compone degli elementi tipici di questa tipologia, quali le torri, il nucleo abitativo, il cassero, sormontati da merlature. Il castello sorge in prossimità di Perugia lungo la strada “Pievaiola”, costruito in cima ad un colle e circondato da una fitta e compatta vegetazione dalla quale si scorge la torre merlata. Il castello fu costruito da un piemontese trasferito in Umbria, Matteo Gallenga, e fu costruito nell’imponente tenuta del Mandoleto. I caratteri stilistici e architettonici del castello, riconducibili alla tendenza delle ville fortificate, hanno indotto a classificare tale architettura tra il censimento delle Ville. Tra gli elementi architettonici diffusi, infatti oltre alla “villa-castello” di Gallenga il contesto paesaggistico si caratterizza anche per la presenza di Villa Montefrondoso, Il Palazzo, Villa Montefreddo, Villa Poggiolo, Villa in località Vinaglia (Vignaia) e Villa Vicarelli a Passo del Lupo. ^ĐŚĞĚĞĂŵďŝƚŝĚŝƚƌĂƐĨŽƌŵĂnjŝŽŶĞ
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