Community & Copper in a Wild Land McCarthy, Kennecott and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park & Preserve, Alaska Shawn Olson Ben Shaine The Wrangell Mountains Center McCarthy Copyright © 2005 by Shawn Olson and Ben Shaine. Illustrations copyright as credited. Photos not otherwise attributed are by the authors. Published by The Wrangell Mountains Center. Front cover photo by Nancy Simmerman, 1974. Back cover photos: McCarthy street in winter: NPS; child sledding, harvesting garden: Ben Shaine; dog team, fall color, cutting salmon, splitting firewood: Gaia Thurston-Shaine; mountain goat: WMC collection; Kennecott mill, flowers, McCarthy garden, snowmachine sled repair, Root Glacier hikers: Nancy Simmerman. The Wrangell Mountains Center McCarthy 20 P.O. Box MXY Glennallen, Alaska 99588 (907) 554-4464 /
[email protected] www.wrangells.org The Wrangell Mountains Center is a private, non-profit institute dedicated to environmental education, research, and arts in Alaska’s Wrangell-St. Elias National Park & Preserve. Contents Introduction 1 Maps 3 Rocks and Mountains 7 Glaciers 9 Climate 17 Ecosystems 21 Plants: Trees 29 Flowers and berries 33 Mosses and Lichens 37 Animals: Birds 38 Mammals 42 Fish 47 Hunting and Fishing 48 Human History: The Ahtna 51 Copper Discovery & Development 53 Kennecott 60 McCarthy 64 After the Mines Closed 67 Designation of the Park 69 A New Economy and a Growing Community 71 The Park Service at Kennecott 75 Entryway to the Wild Wrangells 78 Hikes in the McCarthy-Kennecott Area 80 Appendix: Species Lists 81 Bibliography 84 Kennicott Glacier panorama. (Wrangell Mountains Center collection) Preface and acknowledgements As a general introduction to its natural and cultural history, this Artistic contributions are many.