DOCSLIB.ORG

Anguilla and the Art of Resistance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anguilla and the Art of Resistance W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2002 Anguilla and the art of resistance Jane Dillon McKinney College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the African History Commons, American Studies Commons, Latin American History Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation McKinney, Jane Dillon, "Anguilla and the art of resistance" (2002). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623402. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-9n2k-6t30 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reproduced with with permission permission of ofthe the copyright copyright owner. owner. Further Further reproduction reproduction prohibited prohibited without without permission. permission. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with with permission permission of ofthe the copyright copyright owner. owner. Further Further reproduction reproduction prohibited prohibited without without permission. permission. ANGUILLA AND THE ART OF RESISTANCE A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the American Studies Program The College of William and M an- in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Jane Dillon McKinney 2002 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Author i Approved April 2002 Grev Gundaker t : 1 < V i -i. j^L'-■ ~ v . Viruinia B. Kerns Richard S. Lo\vr\L A Brad L. Weiss / / Jii Y John Fj/Szwed University Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..............................................................................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES ...........................................................................................................................v LIST OF M APS .................................................................................................................................vi ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................vii INTRODUCTION: "THE REBELLIOUS DWELL IN A PARCHED LAND".................. 2 CHAPTER I. "MARE AMERICASVM"........................................................................................ 24 CHAPTER II. "SALT. OUR ONLY STAPLE".........................................................................115 CH APTER III. "CHARLOTTE. THE COMPLAINING SLAVE” ......................................207 CHAPTER IV. "THE OPPROBRIUM OF OUR.COLONIES"............................................ 263 CHAPTER V. ANGUILLA AND THE ART OF RESISTANCE ....................................369 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................. 392 VITA .....................................................................................................................................................413 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS So many people, both in academia and Anguilla, contributed to this dissertation that it is impossible to thank them all. The most important assistance came from the following people, in chronological order. Virginia Kems nurtured my concept of writing about a salt island and helped me obtain a minor research grant from the College of William and Mary to investigate the feasibility of fieldwork in Anguilla. James Peterson, a professor at the University of Vermont who has spent many seasons digging in Anguilla, sent me a list of local contacts. Carol Litchfield, a professor at George Mason University and an editor of The Journal of Salt History, the Review of the International Commission for the History of Salt, introduced me to the journal and to Anthony Gregory's master's thesis on salt production in the Turks and Caicos. On my first trip to Anguilla in 1998.1 received the blessing of the .Anguilla National Trust to do research on the island; everybody from artists to former salt workers to historians encouraged me and promised aid. All academic work builds on previous work and this study is no exception. In particular. Don Mitchell's unpublished history of Anguilla and. most importantly, his photocopies of the original Colonial Office documents, and Colville Petty's unpublished master's thesis on Anguillian history formed the basis for my historical research. My committee chair. Grey Gundaker. helped me obtain a grant from the American Studies Program at the College of William and Mary for a year's research on the island. The Anguilla Library' Service lent me space to conduct my research. I owe more to my Anguillian family that I can ever say: Ijahnva Christian, her sons. Wolde and Judah, and my space mate. Nesta King, gave me comfort and a home. Linda Lake not only helped me with my interviews, but gave me trans and laughter. She. Colville Petty and Lloyd Gumbs provided me with photographs. When the time came to put words on paper. Grey Gundaker managed to be both an incisive and generous editor. Thanks to the rest of my committee. Virginia Kems. Richard Lowry. Brad Weiss, and John Szwed. for the lessons they taught me. their insightful comments, and their willingness to give me enough rope to hang myself. My children. Jane. Cate. David and Ned know their multiple contributions. Many times I dragged them away from their own families and work to rescue me from computer catastrophes. Finally, this study is dedicated to my mother. Katherine Dillon McKinney Brawner. Her love and grace have brightened and the world for ninety-four years. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 The front cover of Anguilla Life. (4( 1) 1991). 73 2.1 Salt harvest in Road Bay Pond. Anguilla. 1983. (Photograph: 120 Lloyd Gumbs.) 2.2 View of heaps of salt and the industrial complex at Sandy Ground. Anguilla 122 during the last period of production. Background: Road Bay Salt Pond. (Photograph: Colville Petty.) 2.3 The pump house (above) and the salt grinding mill (below). (Photograph: 125 Linda Lake.) 2.4 Linda Lake holding a piece of picked salt. The mother is still attached to the 135 bottom. (Photograph: Linda Lake.) 3.1 Wallblake House. Anguilla. The open door on the ground floor is the 240 entrance to a cellar very like the one in which Charlotte was incarcerated. (Photograph: author.) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF MAPS Table Page 1.1 The Caribbean. (Carty 1985:12). 43 1.2 Anguilla. (Carty 1985:13). 55 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT This study begins with two premises. The first is that American Studies needs to move beyond the borders of the United States to examine the ideological, cultural and economic effects our country has had on others. The United States has historically been deeply involved in Anguilla's economy, revolution and ideology. The second is that history is a commodity that is selectively deployed in the creation of personal and national cultural values in Anguilla. I use Sherry Ortner’s concept of serious games and James Scott's theory of the arts of resistance to analyze how Anguilla's contemporary culture is a product of its history, environment, and a particular industry. Colonial institutional failure created a vacuum in which AnguiIlians were permitted, even encouraged, to conceptualize themselves as independent. The harsh environment prevented the formation of a plantocracy based on sugar production. The means and modes of the production of salt. Anguilla's only staple, resulted in a social structure that contrasts with those of the sugar islands in the Antilles. Today, independence remains Anguilla's serious game and sole art of resistance on a personal, cultural and national level. The definition of self and nation as independent is based upon a radical excision of history that is articulated in an invention of tradition. Plato's idea of mythos and logos serve as methodological tools for unpacking how history has been strategically utilized and suppressed to support cultural concepts. But. because history is a commodity that has use value and exchange value in Anguilla's serious game, the corollary questions that are addressed are two: which history and cui bono? The hypothesis of this dissertation is that, if history repeats. Anguilla is trapped in the box of dominant discourse. Anguillians" history does repeat: their version of history fails to benefit them because it elides their basic dependency. The conclusion is that, in positioning independence as the contrariety of colonialism. Anguilla
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Patrolling Fall 2008 75 Th Ranger Regiment Association, Inc
    PATROLLING FALL 2008 75 TH RANGER REGIMENT ASSOCIATION, INC. VOLUME 23 ISSUE II Vietnamese Rangers (37 th Biet Dong Quan), and their US advisors inspect a captured NVA recoilless rifle during the battle at Khe Sanh, Tet, 1968. Trench lines were necessary due to sniper fire and constant incoming enemy rounds. Senior Advisor CPT Walter Gunn is in the forefront, Officers’ Messages ................................1-10 kneeling; SFC Willard Langdon, 4 th from right, with BDQ General ..................................11-24 & 72-80 patch. Unit Reports ........................................25-71 CHINA - BURMA - INDIA VIETNAM IRAN GRENADA PANAMA IRAQ SOMALIA AFGHANISTAN PATROLLING – FALL 2008 PATROLLING – FALL 2008 WHO WE ARE: The 75th Ranger Regiment Association, Inc., is a We have funded trips for families to visit their wounded sons and registered 501 (c) corporation, registered in the State of Georgia. We were husbands while they were in the hospital. We have purchased a learning founded in 1986 by a group of veterans of F/58, (LRP) and L/75 (Ranger). program soft ware for the son of one young Ranger who had a brain The first meeting was held on June 7, 1986, at Ft. Campbell, KY. tumor removed. The Army took care of the surgery, but no means existed OUR MISSION: to purchase the learning program. We fund the purchase of several awards 1. To identify and offer membership to all eligible 75th Infantry Rangers, for graduates of RIP and Ranger School. We have contributed to each of and members of the Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol the three Battalion’s Memorial Funds and Ranger Balls, Companies, Long Range Patrol Companies, Ranger and to the Airborne Memorial at Ft.
    [Show full text]
  • Colony and Empire, Colonialism and Imperialism: a Meaningful Distinction?
    Comparative Studies in Society and History 2021;63(2):280–309. 0010-4175/21 © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History doi:10.1017/S0010417521000050 Colony and Empire, Colonialism and Imperialism: A Meaningful Distinction? KRISHAN KUMAR University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA It is a mistaken notion that planting of colonies and extending of Empire are necessarily one and the same thing. ———Major John Cartwright, Ten Letters to the Public Advertiser, 20 March–14 April 1774 (in Koebner 1961: 200). There are two ways to conquer a country; the first is to subordinate the inhabitants and govern them directly or indirectly.… The second is to replace the former inhabitants with the conquering race. ———Alexis de Tocqueville (2001[1841]: 61). One can instinctively think of neo-colonialism but there is no such thing as neo-settler colonialism. ———Lorenzo Veracini (2010: 100). WHAT’ S IN A NAME? It is rare in popular usage to distinguish between imperialism and colonialism. They are treated for most intents and purposes as synonyms. The same is true of many scholarly accounts, which move freely between imperialism and colonialism without apparently feeling any discomfort or need to explain themselves. So, for instance, Dane Kennedy defines colonialism as “the imposition by foreign power of direct rule over another people” (2016: 1), which for most people would do very well as a definition of empire, or imperialism. Moreover, he comments that “decolonization did not necessarily Acknowledgments: This paper is a much-revised version of a presentation given many years ago at a seminar on empires organized by Patricia Crone, at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton.
    [Show full text]
  • National Cultural Policy 2012 (Draft)
    NATIONAL CULTURAL POLICY MONTSERRAT (DRAFT) TABLE OF CONTENTS Pg Executive Summary 1 Philosophical Statement 1 2 Methodology 1 3 Background 2 4 Definition of Culture 4 5 Mapping the Cultural Landscape 5 6 The Cultural Backdrop 6 7 Proposed Policy Positions of the Government of Montserrat 16 8 Aims of the Policy 17 9 Self Worth and National Pride 18 10 The Arts 21 11 Folkways 24 12 Masquerades 27 13 Heritage 29 14 Education 32 15 Tourism 35 16 Economic Development 38 17 Media and Technology 41 18 Infrastructure 44 19 Implementation 47 Appendix 1 Groups & Persons Consulted Appendix 2 Consulting Instruments Select Biography EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Executive Summary presents a brief philosophical statement, the policy positions of the government and the aims of the policy. It defines culture, outlines the areas of national life considered in the policy and provides a selection of the action to be taken. The policy document emphasizes the importance of the development of a sense of self-worth and national pride, the role of folkways in defining a Montserratian identity and the role of training, research and documentation in cultural development and preservation. Particular emphasis is placed on culture as a means of broadening the frame of economic activity. The co modification of aspects of culture brooks of no debate; it is inevitable in these challenging economic times. The policy is presented against a backdrop of the Montserrat cultural landscape. Philosophical Statement Montserrat’s culture is rooted in its history with all its trials and triumphs. Culture is not only dynamic and subject to influences and changes over time, but it is also dialectical, meaning that while it springs from history and development, culture also impacts and informs development .
    [Show full text]
  • The Condors and Bottom, the Combat Machete
    NEW IMPORTS Top, the Hog Sticker Machete The Condors and bottom, the Combat Machete. Either blade would make a very useful light-duty trail knife for maintaining paths through heavy HAVE LANDED! vegetation. Left to right, the Condor Pipe Knife Dagger, Condor This new line from Central America combines Multi-Knife and Condor Jungle Bowie. The Jungle the best jungle designs with modern materials. Bowie was my pick of the three for all-round B Y S te V E N D I C K usefulness. While practically every Central and South American country has its own machete industry, there are a small number of brands that seem to be universally popular south of the Rio Grande. Tramontina from Brazil, Colima from Guatemala, and Imacasa from El Salvador are three of the big names. WI particularly remember one trip to Costa Rica when I asked some of the locals about the Larsson machetes made in that country. I was quickly told that they considered the Imacasa products far superior to their own local brand. Finding Imacasa knives and machetes has been kind of a hit and miss proposition in the U.S. I have the impression that the big hardware distrib- utors tend to go with the low bidder each time they place a large machete order. As a result, you never know what brand you will find in the local retailer from month to month. In the case of Imacasa, that may be changing. A new company, Condor Tool and Knife, is now importing a wide variety of blades and tools from El Salvador.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded4.0 License
    New West Indian Guide 94 (2020) 39–74 nwig brill.com/nwig A Disagreeable Text The Uncovered First Draft of Bryan Edwards’s Preface to The History of the British West Indies, c. 1792 Devin Leigh Department of History, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA [email protected] Abstract Bryan Edwards’s The History of the British West Indies is a text well known to histori- ans of the Caribbean and the early modern Atlantic World. First published in 1793, the work is widely considered to be a classic of British Caribbean literature. This article introduces an unpublished first draft of Edwards’s preface to that work. Housed in the archives of the West India Committee in Westminster, England, this preface has never been published or fully analyzed by scholars in print. It offers valuable insight into the production of West Indian history at the end of the eighteenth century. In particular, it shows how colonial planters confronted the challenges of their day by attempting to wrest the practice of writing West Indian history from their critics in Great Britain. Unlike these metropolitan writers, Edwards had lived in the West Indian colonies for many years. He positioned his personal experience as being a primary source of his historical legitimacy. Keywords Bryan Edwards – West Indian history – eighteenth century – slavery – abolition Bryan Edwards’s The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies is a text well known to scholars of the Caribbean (Edwards 1793). First published in June of 1793, the text was “among the most widely read and influential accounts of the British Caribbean for generations” (V.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Change in Dominica, the Commonwealth West Indies. Cuthbert J
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1973 From crown colony to associate statehood : political change in Dominica, the Commonwealth West Indies. Cuthbert J. Thomas University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Thomas, Cuthbert J., "From crown colony to associate statehood : political change in Dominica, the Commonwealth West Indies." (1973). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 1879. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/1879 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ^^^^^^^ ^0 ASSOCIATE STATEHOOD: CHANGE POLITICAL IN DOMINICA, THE COMMONWEALTH WEST INDIES A Dissertation Presented By CUTHBERT J. THOMAS Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 1973 Major Subject Political Science C\ithbert J. Thomas 1973 All Rights Reserved FROM CROV/N COLONY TO ASSOCIATE STATEHOOD: POLITICAL CHANGE IN DOMINICA, THE COMMONWEALTH WEST INDIES A Dissertation By CUTHBERT J. THOMAS Approved as to stylq and content by; Dr. Harvey "T. Kline (Chairman of Committee) Dr. Glen Gorden (Head of Department) Dr» Gerard Braunthal^ (Member) C 1 Dro George E. Urch (Member) May 1973 To the Youth of Dominica who wi3.1 replace these colonials before long PREFACE My interest in Comparative Government dates back to ray days at McMaster University during the 1969-1970 academic year.
    [Show full text]
  • Age of Exploration Flyer
    POSTER INSIDE POSTER Age of Exploration A DIGITAL RESOURCE Introduction Explore five centuries of journeys across the globe, scientific discoveries, the expansion of European colonialism, new trade routes, and conflict over territories. Overview This impressive multi-archive collection focuses on “This remarkable collection European, maritime exploration from the earliest voyages of Vasco da Gama and Christopher provides the documentary Columbus, through the age of discovery, the search base to interpret some of the for the ‘New World’, the establishment of European settlements on every continent, to the eventual major movements of the age discovery of the Northwest and Northeast Passages, of exploration. The variety and the race for the Poles. of the sources made available Bringing together material from twelve archives from opens perspectives that should around the world, this collection includes documents challenge students and bring the relating to major events in European maritime history from the voyages of James Cook to the search for period to life. It is a collection John Franklin’s doomed mission to the Northwest that promotes both historical Passage. It contains a host of additional features for analysis and imagination.” teaching, such as an interactive map which presents an in-depth visualisation of over 50 of these Emeritus Professor John Gascoigne influential voyages. University of New South Wales Highlights Material Types • Captain Cook’s secret instructions, ships’ logs and • Le Livre des merveilles by Marco Polo including the • Diaries, journals and ships’ logbooks journals from three voyages of James Cook, written illuminations of Maître d’Egerton – this illuminated Printed and manuscript books by various crew members and Cook himself which relate manuscript compendium dates from c.1410-1412 and • to early British Pacific exploration and the search for is comprised of geographical works and accounts of • Correspondence, notes and ephemera Terra Australis.
    [Show full text]
  • Antigua and Barbuda an Annotated Critical Bibliography
    Antigua and Barbuda an annotated critical bibliography by Riva Berleant-Schiller and Susan Lowes, with Milton Benjamin Volume 182 of the World Bibliographical Series 1995 Clio Press ABC Clio, Ltd. (Oxford, England; Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado) Abstract: Antigua and Barbuda, two islands of Leeward Island group in the eastern Caribbean, together make up a single independent state. The union is an uneasy one, for their relationship has always been ambiguous and their differences in history and economy greater than their similarities. Barbuda was forced unwillingly into the union and it is fair to say that Barbudan fears of subordination and exploitation under an Antiguan central government have been realized. Barbuda is a flat, dry limestone island. Its economy was never dominated by plantation agriculture. Instead, its inhabitants raised food and livestock for their own use and for provisioning the Antigua plantations of the island's lessees, the Codrington family. After the end of slavery, Barbudans resisted attempts to introduce commercial agriculture and stock-rearing on the island. They maintained a subsistence and small cash economy based on shifting cultivation, fishing, livestock, and charcoal-making, and carried it out under a commons system that gave equal rights to land to all Barbudans. Antigua, by contrast, was dominated by a sugar plantation economy that persisted after slave emancipation into the twentieth century. Its economy and goals are now shaped by the kind of high-impact tourism development that includes gambling casinos and luxury hotels. The Antiguan government values Barbuda primarily for its sparsely populated lands and comparatively empty beaches. This bibliography is the only comprehensive reference book available for locating information about Antigua and Barbuda.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lawa River P.O
    INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS JHM-12 BACK TO THE LAWA RIVER P.O. Box 206 Kalimantan Mr. Peter Bird Martin Samarinda, East Executive Director Indonesia Institute of Current World Affairs April 1988 4 West Wheelock Street Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 USA Dear Peter, Two days and a night aboard the Aspian Noor, slowly chugging up the Mahakam and Pahu Rivers last December were enough to get me excited about the wind and speed of myfirst ride on the Kalhold Utama Company's logging road. Racing over smooth-packed earth in the night, the logging truck seemed like transport from another world. The driver, a wiry chain-smoker from South Sulawesi (the island east of Borneo) relished driving this road at night, headlights flashing yellow, red, or green in the eyes of nocturnal creatures stunned by the sudden brightness. He got poetic, talking about the road flowing through the jungle like a river, and pointing out how the treetops' deep black silhouettes stood out against the brilliant edge of the Milky Way. In the hour-long rush whoosh from the company's Pahu River landing place to the main logging camp, 69 kilometers over rolling hills to the south, the road began to seem almost miraculous to me, powerful technology in the starlight. When returned to the area almost three months later, any magic the company road held for me evaporated under the intensity of a mid-afternoon sun. The road was no river, but a heat-reflecting equatorial desert cutting through the ramains of logged-over forest interspersed with swidden fields of ripe padi.
    [Show full text]
  • Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial
    Navigating the Atlantic World: Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial Networks, 1650-1791 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Jamie LeAnne Goodall, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Margaret Newell, Advisor John Brooke David Staley Copyright by Jamie LeAnne Goodall 2016 Abstract This dissertation seeks to move pirates and their economic relationships from the social and legal margins of the Atlantic world to the center of it and integrate them into the broader history of early modern colonization and commerce. In doing so, I examine piracy and illicit activities such as smuggling and shipwrecking through a new lens. They act as a form of economic engagement that could not only be used by empires and colonies as tools of competitive international trade, but also as activities that served to fuel the developing Caribbean-Atlantic economy, in many ways allowing the plantation economy of several Caribbean-Atlantic islands to flourish. Ultimately, in places like Jamaica and Barbados, the success of the plantation economy would eventually displace the opportunistic market of piracy and related activities. Plantations rarely eradicated these economies of opportunity, though, as these islands still served as important commercial hubs: ports loaded, unloaded, and repaired ships, taverns attracted a variety of visitors, and shipwrecking became a regulated form of employment. In places like Tortuga and the Bahamas where agricultural production was not as successful, illicit activities managed to maintain a foothold much longer.
    [Show full text]
  • Anguilla: a Tourism Success Story?
    Visions in Leisure and Business Volume 14 Number 4 Article 4 1996 Anguilla: A Tourism Success Story? Paul F. Wilkinson York University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/visions Recommended Citation Wilkinson, Paul F. (1996) "Anguilla: A Tourism Success Story?," Visions in Leisure and Business: Vol. 14 : No. 4 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/visions/vol14/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Visions in Leisure and Business by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@BGSU. ANGUILLA: A TOURISM SUCCESS STORY? BY DR. PAUL F. WILKINSON, PROFESSOR FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES YORK UNIVERSITY 4700KEELE STREET NORTH YORK, ONTARIO CANADA MJJ 1P3 ABSTRACT More than any other Caribbean community, the Anguillans [sic )1 have Anguilla is a Caribbean island microstate the sense of home. The land has been that has undergone dramatic tourism growth, theirs immemorially; no humiliation passing through the early stages of Butler's attaches to it. There are no Great tourist cycle model to the "development" houses2 ; there arenot even ruins. (32) stage. This pattern is related to deliberate government policy and planning decisions, including a policy of not having a limit to INTRODUCTION tourism growth. The resulting economic dependence on tourism has led to positive Anguilla is a Caribbean island microstate economic benefits (e.g., high GDP per that has undergone dramatic tourism growth, capita, low unemployment, and significant passing through the early stages of Butler's localinvolvement in the industry). (3) tourist cycle model to the "development" stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Spyware • AutomaCally Install Updates • SubscripOns Must Be Renewed and Kept up to Date • Must They Always Be AcVe?
    9/25/13 The Frugal Firm Abra C. Siegel Siegel Law Offices, Ltd. 875 N Michigan Ave , 31st Floor Chicago, IL 60611 (312) 869-4279 Email: siegellawoffi[email protected] www.linkedin.com/in/abrasiegel Marc W. Matheny 244 N. College Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46202 (317) 639-3315 Email: [email protected] hp://www.marcmathenylaw.com 1 9/25/13 The Frugal Law Firm FRUGAL DOES NOT MEAN “CHEAP” Don’t break the bank. 2 9/25/13 Essenal Law Firm Technology • Core System: Mac or PC • Communicaons: Telephone, Email • Finances: AccounWng / Time & Billing • Workflow: Document Management • Systems: Pracce Management • Mobility: Smartphones and Tablets The Next Level • Document Assembly / Document Automaon • Strategy, Taccs and Execuon: Ligaon Soware • Specialty Soware • Advocacy Presentaon Tools • No Hands: Voice Recognion an Digital Dictaon Soware 3 9/25/13 TIME TO UPGRADE? • PC / Mac – average lifespan 3-5 years • Server – 5-7 years • Operang Systems and Soware – Support / No Support – “Goa Have it Syndrome” Copiers Scanners Fax • All in One • Separate Components • CoPiers / Printers – Inkjet v. Laser – Costs of Use 4 9/25/13 Desktop Scanners • Fujitsu ScanSnap – One Touch Scanning – Adobe Acrobat Pro – OCR Soware • Hitachi Magic Wand Can scan bound pages Smartphones • iPhone • Android • Windows • Apps 5 9/25/13 Alternave Telephone Systems • Cell Phones: Who needs a landline? • VOIP • Online Hosted Services Tablets and Apps • iPad • Android • Windows Surface Inexpensive Apps Mobile and Easy to Use 6 9/25/13 Email and Email Systems Ø Mozilla Thunderbird Ø Gmail Ø Case Management Soware • Word Processing • Presentaon • Spreadsheets 7 9/25/13 Case Management Tools Time & Billing 8 9/25/13 Pdf’ing Alternaves to Tradional Case Management Soware • Telephone text messaging • Google Calendar texts 9 9/25/13 Credit Card$ Credit Card$ • Advantages • Disadvantages • Ethical Issues 10 9/25/13 VIRTUAL RECEPTIONIST • NO employee costs.
    [Show full text]