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Crossing-Vol-7-2016-Full-1-208.Pdf A JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES Crossings A JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES VOL. 7 2016 ISSN 2071-1107 CROSSINGS: VOL. 7, 2016 1 Crossings A JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES Department of English and Humanities University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh Volume 7 | December 2016 | ISSN 2071-1107 Editor Prof. Shamsad Mortuza, PhD Executive Editor Arifa Ghani Rahman Editorial Board Prof. Kaiser Haq, PhD Prof. Golam Sarwar Chowdhury Mahmud Hasan Khan, PhD Guest Editor Debesh Roy Advisory Board Prof. Fakrul Alam, PhD University of Dhaka Prof. Ian Almond, PhD Georgetown University in Qatar Prof. Malashri Lal, PhD University of Delhi Prof. Azirah Hashim, PhD University of Malaya Designed by Md. Maksudul Islam Printed by PATHWAY Published by Registrar, ULAB Price BDT 300; USD 20 TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial Note 5 Occasional Papers Ravished Angels: the Memsahib in 1857 Mutiny Fiction Chaiti Mitra 8 No Sushi Recipe for a Japanese Story: Japanese Authors in Review Tirna Ray 16 Sonnets of Shakespeare: A New Evaluation Joe Winter 20 Literature and Cultural Studies Subversion or Subservience? The Remains of the Empire in Nigeria Farhana Zareen Bashar 34 Satyajit Ray’s Ganashatru: An Intersemiotic Translation of Henrik Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People Anik Biswas 46 Conflict between the Individual and Society in The Scarlet Letter Leema Sen Gupta 55 Text and Context: Ginsberg along the Jessore Road in 1971 A. B. M. Monirul Huq and Md. Firoz Mahmud Ahsan 63 (Re)tracing Resistance from a Culture of Silence:An Alternate Reading of the ‘Jele’ (fishing) Community Khandakar Ashraful Islam 72 Madness and Lack of Autonomy: A Close Reading of Mary’s Gradual Mental Disorientation in Doris Lessing’s The Grass is Singing Sonika Islam 83 Trauma, Resistance, Survival: Linda Hogan’s Mean Spirit Munasir Kamal 91 Magic for Medical Healing in Igbo Society: Ogwugwo in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart Hossain Al Mamun 101 Do I Dare … Disturb the Fan(atic)?: A Sociopsychological Study on Sports Fanaticism, Identity Formation, and the Making of aFan Mohammed Mizanur Rashid 107 Reading the Language of Children in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things Zakiyah Tasnim 117 The Effects of Inescapable Memories in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Lowland Sharjita Yeasmin 124 Reading Baraka against the Grain Hasan Al Zayed 130 TABLE OF CONTENTS Language and Applied Linguistics ELT: An Overall Insight into the Paradigm Shift inTeaching-Learning Condition in Bangladesh Rumana Amin 144 Impact of Studying Abroad on English Language Teachers at University Level in Bangladesh Rumana Hossain 152 Preferences and Problems in Feedback Techniques of Bangladeshi Tertiary Level Students Munzerin Mohiuddin and Asifa Sultana 171 Speaking Anxiety and Learner’s Own Variety of English Shafinaz Sikder and Mohammad Mahmudul Haque 185 Book Reviews An Epistemological Paradox: How Best to Understand Bangladesh? Manzoorul Abedin 194 New Lines in Bangladeshi Writing in English: The Poetry of Shamsad Mortuza Subir Dhar and Tapu Biswas 197 Go Set a Watchman: A Reflection of the Present Sohana Manzoor 204 Note to Contributors 207 EDITORIAL NOTE Crossings is moving from strength to strength. For this volume, we had eminent novelist Debesh Roy as our guest editor who commissioned two interesting articles. Chaiti Mitra’s “Ravished Angels: the Memsahib in 1857 Mutiny Fiction” discusses the double piston of victimization and objectification of white female bodies in mutiny fiction, while Tirna Ray’s overview of Japanese authors in “No Sushi Recipe for a Japanese Story” proffers a wonderful insight into the ways writers from the Far East are “weaving universal [narratives] out of the territorial.” Oxford-based poet Joe Winter was at ULAB to inaugurate a series of events to mark the 400th death anniversary of Shakespeare. We did not want our readers (which include our students) to miss out on Winter’s new evaluation of the sonnets of the bard. A quick glance at the submissions included in our “Literature and Cultural Studies” section shows how the radar of English Studies is locating new areas of research. It is refreshing to find our local scholars expanding their horizons of research. This volume is enriched by Farhana Zareen Bashar’s firsthand experience of living in Nigeria and her understanding of how the pidgin language has been successfully used by writers like Chinua Achebe and Wole Soyinka. Hossain Al Mamun offers a reading of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart to recount the process of societal healing through magic. Munasir Kamal traces the idea of trauma and resistance among the Native American community through her reading of Linda Hogan’s Mean Spirit. The same postcolonial approach has been adopted by Khandakar Ashraful Islam who gives an alternative reading of our fishing community. Sharjita Yeasmin discerns the inescapable trap of memories in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Lowland, while Hasan Al Zayed delves into the ancestral lineage to unearth the ideological crises in Amiri Baraka. Anik Biswas analyzes Satyajit Ray’s film Ganashatru as an appropriation of Henrik Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People. A. B. M. Monirul Huq and Md. Firoz Mahmud Ahsan contextualize Ginsberg’s famous poem on Jessore Road, which has become a landmark of the cultural history of our liberation war. Mohammed Mizanur Rashid, in contrast, reflects on the sports mania and creation of fandom. By the time you get to Leema Sen Gupta’s “Conflict between the Individual and Society in The Scarlet Letter” you may finally think of a canonical text as a rare entity. Good old fashioned textual reading is available in Sonika Islam’s exploration of Mary’s gradual lapse into madness in Doris Lessing’s The Grass is Singing and Zakiyah Tasnim’s reading of the language of children in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. The “Language and Applied Linguistics” section contains four articles that shed light on the teaching practices in Bangladesh. Rumana Amin, a Research Fellow at Assumption University of Thailand, tells us about the paradigm shift occurring in the teaching-learning condition in Bangladesh. Rumana Hossain, a PhD candidate at Leeds University, shares her findings about the impact of studying abroad on English Language teachers in Bangladesh. The other two CROSSINGS: VOL. 7, 2016 5 papers conduct quantitative surveys to highlight problems with giving feedback and speaking anxieties. As usual, our last section reviews books that are making noise. The Editorial Board of Crossings is working towards enlisting the journal with international digital libraries in order to make it available to a wider audience. The positive feedback from the academic community as well as the presence of international papers has emboldened us to impose the double peer-reviewing process, an idea that delayed the publication of this issue. The challenge for us is to publish the journal within a strict deadline. We look forward to your patronage and constructive comments. On behalf of the Editorial Board, Shamsad Mortuza, PhD Editor, Crossings Vol. 7 CROSSINGS: VOL. 7, 2016 6 OCCASIONAL PAPERS CROSSINGS: VOL. 7, 2016 7 Ravished Angels: The Memsahib in 1857 Mutiny Fiction Chaiti Mitra Associate Professor of English, Ramakrishna Sarada Mission Vivekananda Vidyabhavan, Kolkata In the ideology of the British Raj, the “civilized” and “refined” Englishwoman, in sharp contrast to the veiled and “degraded” Indian woman in need of rescue, was seen as a marker of British superiority. The memsahib or the colonial Englishwoman out on her “civilizing mission” has been considerably visible in Indian cinema. In Amir Khan’s Lagaan, she plays an important part with communicable ambivalence. Satyajit Ray in his Ghare Baire had a memsahib as Bimala’s music teacher to suggest Bimala’s exposures beyond her traditional household. That was a seminal suggestion. Rituporno Ghosh in his Chokher Bali explained Binodini’s contacts with memsahib missionaries to add another shade to her character beyond her widowhood. We see missionary memsahibs hawking in the bylanes of Calcutta to gather girl students for their schools. This sequence establishes the film’s historicity. In his other film, Antarmahal, Rituporno, with his keen sense of history, shows a Durgapratima (clay idol) with the face of Queen Victoria being carried to the rural zamindar’s palace through paddy fields and canals and orchards. Shyam Benegal in his Junoon, however, deviates from this apparent role-fixing of the memsahib. Junoon is the story of a one-sided love—a rebel sepoy of the 1857 Mutiny falls in love with an English girl whose family he has rescued and sheltered. In these film stories, the memsahib is an exotic beauty, an angel who can guide the Indians to a higher life, be it by teaching English alphabets, or English music, or English manners and attire, or the English game of cricket. She is to be worshipped, and desired, from afar. The matriarchal iconography of the Hindus codifies exoticism on their mother images. This exoticism found an easy way to mingle with the exoticism of the memsahibs. Especially the mother image of Queen Victoria as the Empress of her Indian empire acted as the catalyctic agent to build up the angel image of the memsahib, so brilliantly expressed by the Durga idol travelling over the green expanses of rural Bengal in Rituporno’s film. Indian literature following the Sepoy Mutiny bears evidence of this massive appropriation of the pure and angelic image of the memsahib. There are numerous instances of bad sahibs, but bad memsahibs are hard to come by. Cross-breedings and cross-fertilizations between two alien cultures are fortuitously abundant in more visible channels in colonial times. This angelic image of the memsahib finds a strange corroboration in the memsahib figure in a sizeable amount of Mutiny fiction in English, in which she is a site loaded with ideological and symbolic significance, where race, gender, politics, and culture converge.
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