INVENTORY OF POTENTIAL NATURAL AREAS ON STATE LANDS: PART 4 I -.

A report to the NATURAL AREA PRESERVES ADVISORY COMMITTEE to the STATE LAND BOARD by STEPH EN J. WALSH , JOHN W. MA IRS , and CASSANDRA J. ALEXANDER Environmental Remote Sensing Applications Laboratory Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon

Decem ber, 1976 NATURAL AREA PRESERVES ADVISORY COMMITTEE to the OREGON STATE LAND BOARD Robert Straub Norma Paul us Clay Myers Governor Secretary of State State . Treasurer

Membeors Robert Frenkel (Acting Chairman), Corvallis

Charles Collins, Roseburg David McCorkle, Monmouth Patricia Harris, Eugene Bruce Nolf, Bend Jean L. Siddall, Lake Oswego

Ex-Officio Members Bob Maben William S. Phelps Oregon Wildlife Commission State Forestry Department Pete Bond John Ri chardson State Parks and Recreation Branch State System of Higher Education VEGETATION INVENTORY OF CERTAIN STATE-OWNED LANDS IN SELECTED OREGON COUNTIES

•

A Report to the NATURAL AREA PRESERVES ADVISORY COMMITTEE OREGON STATE LAND BOARD

by Stephen J. Walsh, John W. Mairs, and Cassandra J. Alexander Environmental Remote Sensing Applications Laboratory Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon December, 1976 TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Illustrations. ii

Introduction 1

Clackamas County 5

Columbia County. 10

Hood River County. 14

Marion County. 19

Multnomah County 30

Tillamook County 35

Washington County. 60

Yamhill County 67

Report Summary 70

References 72

,

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

State Land in Eight Counties • 4

Clackamas County Map • 6

Columbia County Map. • · • 11

Hood River County Map. • • 15

Marion County Map. . • • 20

Marion County, T9S, R4E ••• • 22

Multnomah County Map • • 31

Tillamook County Map • • 36

Tillamook County, T3N. R9W . • 38 Tillamook County, T3N, R8w 39 Tillamook County, R3N, R7W • · . . . • 40 Tillamook County, T3N, R6w . · . . . · 41 Tillamook County, T2N, R9W · 42 Tillamook County, T2N, R8W • · · 43 Tillamook County, T2N, R7W . · 44 Tillamook County, TIN, R9W . · 45 Tillamook County, RlN, R8W • · 46 Tillamook County, TIN, R7W . · · 47 , Tillamook County, TIN, R6W . · 48 Tillamook County, TIS, R8W . · 49 Tillamook County, RlS, R7W • 50 Tillamook County, T2S, R8W . · 51 Tillamook County, T2S, R7W • · · 52 Washington County Map. · · 61 Washington County, TIS, R6W •• · · 64 Yamhill County Map · · 68

ii VEGETATION INVENTORY OF CERTAIN STATE-OWNED LANDS IN SELECTED OREGON COUNTIES

INTRODUCTIO~I

On 19 May, 1 July, 1975, and 1 July 1976, the Environmental Remote

Sensing Applications Laboratory (ERSAL) at Oregon State University entered

• into agreements with the Natural Area Preserves Advisory Committee (NAPAC)

to the Oregon State Land Board for the purpose of conducting a vegetation

resource inventory of all state-owned land in selected counties using remote

sensing techniques and accepted vegetation resource inventory procedures.

Information gathered during the project is to meet the need of NAPAC to

locate and identify potential natural area preserves. This report presents

the results of that project under the current agreement. ERSAL has previously

located and identified potential natural area preserves for NAPAC in Benton,

Clatsop, Crook, Curry, Jefferson, Linn, and Malheur Counties (Mairs, 1975);

Cods, Douglas, Harney, Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, and Lake Counties (Walsh

and Miller, 1975); Lane, Lincoln, and Polk Counties (Walsh, 1976).

Within the scope of this inventory, ERSAL recognized the following

objectives: 1) to provide through remote sensing techniques a description of

vegetation in potential natural areas on state-owned lands in Clackamas,

Columbia, Hood River, Marion, Multnomah, Tillamook, Washington, and Yamhill

Counties; 2) to identify from National Aeronautics and Space Administration

(NASA) high altitude photography, state land which may not be appropriate for

natural area preservation at an early stage of the project; 3) to interpret

and to describe primarily from aerial photography the plant communities on

II Adapted from John W. Mairs, Vegetation Inventory of Certain State-Owned Lands in Selected Oregon Counties, Environmental Remote Sensing Applications Laboratory, March, 1975.

·1 potentially suitable sites at the "cell" level as set forth in the review

copy of Research Natural Area Needs in the Pacific Northwest: A Contribution

to Land Use Planning, C.T. Dyrness. et al., 1974; 4) to field check interpre­

tations from high altitude photography to insure correct identification of

plant communities; and 5) to present to NAPAC, in a mutually agreeable format, • the results of the inventory on the specified state-owned lands by December 15,

1976.

Working toward these objectives, ERSAL personnel located parcels of

state land, including state parks and waysides, in the project counties on

15' USGS topographic maps and on BLM Master Unit Ownership maps (1"/1 mile),

Each parcel, or contiguous land unit, was systematically located on available

color infrared (CIR) high altitude photography with the aid of these maps.

Interpretations of the composition and character of the vegetation were made

and inappropriate units or areas within units were omitted from further

analysis. Brief notes on all units were made. These working maps and inventory

descriptions have been preserved in an organized manner and are to be eventually

s tor ed by ERSAL.

Land units considered as having some to high potential for natural area

preserves are described in catalogue form by county in the main body of the

report. The decision to include a unit in the catalogue was based on: 1. the

'lack of excessive vegetation disturbance; 2. the unusual, as well as the

typical attributes of the vegetation, e.g., regionally uncommon plant species

present or a quality community of regionally common species present; 3. the

natural character of the immediate environmental setting; and 4. the presence

of other values such as unique scenery, unusual landform, natural water source,

important wildlife habitat, or special soil type. Systematic photo interpretation

provided the bulk of information for carrying out the evaluation on the 454,400

2 acres of state land involved in the study. Where "ground truth" data or the

positive identification of extraordinary vegetation photo signature was

needed, an attempt was made to field check the areas and sites in question.

The format of the following catalogue is alphabetical by county. For

each county, there is a small scale reference map indicating the location • of all state land in that county. Each unit selected for cataloguing has

its legal description, its approximate landmark location, the title of the map

on which it may be found, and the flight and frame number of the NASA photography

on which it may be found listed under "A". Under "B" are given the physiographic

province and vegetation zone (after Franklin and Dyrness, 1973). A brief state­

ment concerning the vegetation composition and other pertinent features in the

unit is in part "C". A comment on the potential or suitability of the unit

for preserve status is given as either High Potential, Medium Potential, or

Some Potential, and is after "D". It would be helpful, but not absolutely

necessary, to refer to the folder of working maps submitted to NAPAC as part

of this report when using the catalogue.

3 STATE LAND IN THE EIGHT COUNTIES 43.4

20 % of the County that ;s State-Owned

% of all Oregon State-Owned Land o which occurs in the County

15

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~ ~ V1 ~ :c ~ C) « « :> « C) ~ ~ >-< ~ ~ C) ~ ~ co ~ ~ C) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C) ~ « >-< >-< lJ ~ C) >-< ~ ~ :c :c « ~ C) ~ ~ ~ V1 ~ ~ C) C) « ~ >-< « « lJ lJ :c ~ ~ ~ 3 >-

COUNTY

SOURCE: State of Oregon, District Facts, 1970.

4 CLACKAMAS COUNTY

Northwestern Oregon

Clackamas County stretches from the Willamette River east to the

crest of the Cascade Range, thereby including the eastern side of the

Willamette Valley and the western slopes of the high Cascades. The pre­

cipitation gradient for this area is directly related to the elevational

changes and varies from 40 inches annually on the valley floor to 140 inches

annually on the high mountain slopes. The physiographic and geologic

provinces within Clackamas County include the Willamette Valley Province

in the western portion, the Western Cascades Province in the mid-county area,

and the High Cascades PrDvince along the eastern edge of the county. The

major vegetation zones of the county from west to east are the Oak-Fir Zone

of the Willamette Valley, the Western Hemlock Climax Zone of the Western

Cascades, the Subalpine Forest on the upper slopes of the Cascades and the

Timberline/Alpine Zone in the high Cascades. The last zone cited above is

minimal and restricted to the northeast corner of Clackamas County (Franklin

and Dyrness, 1973).

Summary of Vegetation on State Lands. Clackamas County •

.. The bulk of the state-owned lands in Clackamas County is clustered

close to the southwest county boundary and all of the state parcels

fall within the Western Hemlock Climax vegetation zone. This zone receives

60-140 inches of precipitation annually and is comprised of approximately

90% forest cover. The dominant climax/subclimax species within this zone

include western hemlock, Douglas Fir, western red cedar and several true

firs. Hardwoods such as red alder, big leaf maple, aspen and ash are not

5 IW

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CLACKAMAS COUNTY I I FAS SYSTEM 1 1 1 Sccle J:t 1 I 1... ~".196' 1 ------:---I ------t-l ._.-1..-. __ .1 ~LEGEH D~ co. ( FA Primary Highway FAS ~li9hwQy on state Primary Miqhwoy == }'AS *liqhwayon StQfo ~ecolldary tliqhwoy tAS .li9hwQ] on Counfy Road • S1::ate-owned land

• especially widespread except as seral dominants in disturbed areas or

along water courses. The understory of the Hemlock zone is generally

composed of regenerating conifers of the overstory, vine maple, dogwood,

Oregon grape, snowberry, salal and ferns. Variations in these trends

are of course determined by variations in environmental stresses (franklin

and Dyrness, 1973).

Catalogue of Selected Parcels. Clackamas County.

1A. T7S, R3E Section 36, NE~E~ The area is 1.0 mile north of Panther Rock. Gawley Creek flows through the parcel. Santiam River Master Unit, 1" = 2 mi., B~, 1974. 74-165, 2059, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. This site is a regenerating forest of Douglas Fir with an approximate age of 20-30 years. The overstory consists of 60-70 % Douglas Fir with a DBH of 1-2 ft., and 10-20% alder. The understory consists of vine maple, huckleberry, and fern.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

2A. T7S, R3E Section 35 The area is 0.5 mile northwest of Panther Rock. and 2.0 miles north of Lookout Mountain. Santiam River Master Unit, l' = 2 mi., B~, 1974. 74-165, 2059, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. A stand of old growth Douglas Fir occurs with a DBH of 2-3 ft. The dense understory is Western Hemlock. The rest of the section • has apparently been thinned or salvage logged in the past. This area is a moderately well used undeveloped recreation area, with primitive campsites along the creek.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

7 3A. T7S, R3E Section 34, N~ The area is 1..5 miles northwest of Panther Rock. Gaw1ey Creek flows through the area, Santiam River Master Unit, In = 2 mi., BLM, 1974. 74-165, 2059, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The overs tory consists of young Douglas Fir, Western Hemlock, Grand Fir, and Alder. The understory consists of Devil's Club, salmonberry, red elderberry, and some vine maple. This area was formerly logged but little or no recent disturbance has occurred. Tributaries of Gawley Creek flow south-north through the parcel.

D. Medium potential for a natural area. 4A. T2S, RlE Section 24 The area is Mary S. Young State Park Oregon City, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1961 74-165, 2090, (1:130,000)

B. Willamette Valley Province, Willamette Valley Oak-Fir Zone.

C. The eastern boundary to the park is the Willamette River. The south central portion of the park is a cleared opening with mowed grass and parking facilities. The eastern 1/3 of the park is composed of 60-80 year-old douglas fir and grand fir. Scattered among the conifers are oak, older willows, Oregon ash, and black cottonwoods. The understory is wild blackberry, sword fern, bracken fern, salal, Oregon grape, poison oak, ocean spray, dogwood, young conifers, and grass species. The remainder of the section is similar except the conifers are younger, approxi­ mately 40 years old. The river frontage has a lot of use. There does exist conifers and old hardwoods.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

SA. T3S, RlE Section 19, 20, 21, 29, 30 (portions) • This area is Molalla River State Park. Oregon City, Oregon. 15', USGS, 1961 74-165, 2091, (1:130,000)

B. Willamette Valley Province, Willamette Valley Oak-Fir Zone.

C. The area between the Pudding and Molalla Rivers within sections 29 and 30 is composed of relatively undisturbed young riparian hardwood communities. The overstory includes, older quaking aspen,

8 ------_. -

maple, black cottonwood, Oregon ash of between 15-25 years old. There are also scattered douglas fir of less than 25 years old. Combined, the overstory has about 80% crown closure. The under­ story is wild blackberry, some scotch broom, sword ferns, various annuals and grasses. The remainder of section 29 and the SW~ SW~ of section 20 is composed of older aged (50-60 years old) stand of hardwoods, including, cottonwoods, maples, alder. Approxi­ mately 15% of the crown cover consists of 50-60 year-old douglas fir. The understory is blackberry, ferns, grasses, and herbaceous annuals. The sand bars existing in the park are covered witH sand, gravel, sparse grass, including, reed canary grass. In the N~ SW~ of section 20 are 60-80 year old cottonwoods with some douglas fir. The understory is blackberry and young alder. The area within section 19 is a dense 60 year old stand of hard­ woods with 70 year old conifers. The areas in section 29 and 30 are interesting prospects for natural areas.

D. High potential for a natural area.

6A. T3S, R3E Section 13, 24 (portions) T3S, R4E Section 18, 19, 20 (portions) The area is Milo McIver State Park. Sandy. Oregon, 15', USGS, 1961 74-165, 2081, (1:130,000)

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The forested areas of the park include the southeast and northeast portions of the park. Douglas fir, western red cedar, scattered pacific yew and some western hemlock occur in the forested areas. These conifers are approximately 40-60 years old and appear to be remnants or second growth, after thinning. Cedar is quite plentiful at lower elevations. The overstory also includes older, quaking aspen, black cottonwood, scattered Oregon ash, and maple in drainages mixed with a dense stand of alder and , willow. The understory consists of fireweed, ocean spray, wild trailing blackberry, bracken fern, sword fern, licorice ferns in trees, queen anne's lace, salal, Oregon grape, scotch broom, sedges and rushes, grasses and herbaceous annuals. • There are horse paths and foottrails throughout parts of the park, however, dense brush understory makes off trail hiking difficult. The park has good access with parking facilities, picnicing areas and restrooms. Within the park, there are also heavily vegetated islands of dense scotch broom, willow, black cottonwoods, small douglas firs, pearly everlasting, mosses and lichens, blackberry and grasses. The remainder of the park is either mowed grass areas or thinned or disturbed forest areas composed of douglas fir, cedar, western hemlock, dogwood, ferns, and Oregon grape.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

9 ,-- - .----_.. _------

COLUMBIA COUNTY

Northwestern Oregon

The Columbia River forms the northern and eastern boundary of Columbia

County. Columbia County owes its scenic beauty to the presence of the

Columbia River, as well as its history of extensive private logging activ­

ities during the last half of the 1800's and the early 1900's. The county

is consequently covered for the most part with immature conifer forests;

in some areas, where little or no attempt was made at reforestation,

there are mixed underproductive forests. In the few remaining pockets of

old timber, it is not unusual to find evidence of selective cutting

years ago. The majority of Columbia County lies in the Coast Range

physiographic and geologic province, although the Willamette Valley

Province does extend north into the county for a short distance in the

vicinity of Sauvie Island. The Coast Range Province is characterized

in Columbia County by the Western Hemlock vegetation zone and Sauvie Island

is in the Oak-Fir Zone {Franklin and Dyrness, 1973}.

Summary of Vegetation on State Lands, Columbia County.

The state land in this county is found distributed equally between

Sauvie Island and the hemlock vegetation zone which covers the bulk of the

county. The vegetation of the Sauvie Island parcels, being within the •

Oak-Fir Zone of the Valley Province, is indicative of a riparian habitat • with poor drainage, grass meadows, and hardwoods such as willow, ash and

cottonwood. The other state land in Columbia County is representative of

the hemlock zone in that Douglas Fir stands of varying age and condition

are the dominant softwood species with hemlock and some western red cedar

associated. Reflecting the history of disturbances in the county, it is

10 COLUMBIA COUNTY F=AS SYSTEM April 196+ WASHINGTON

WAHKIAKUM co. , ~ 'LEGEND' ===_ FA Primary Highwoy FAS tlighwQyon State Primary Hil!Jhway = tAS Highway on State SecondaryHi,hway c 0 Jz, fAS Hi9hway on Coun1y Road .

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I I ,

COUNTY

11 rare that hemlock acts as the stand dominant.

Catalogue of Selected Parcels, Columbia County.

1A. T7N, R5W Section 30, W~, N~ The area is 2.5 miles west of Clatskanie Mountain and 0.1 mile west of Fishhawk Creek. Cathlamet, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1953. 74-165, 2138, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. In the NW~ of the section is a dense stand of 20-25 year old Douglas Fir. A few old snags, bigleaf maple, alder, hemlock, and cedar occur within this area. In the SW~ the overstory is predominantly Western Hemlock. The understory includes bracken fern, sword fern, Oregon grape, salal, vine maple, blackberry and extensive mosses. A tributary to Fishhawk Creek flows east-west through the area. The riparian vegetation along the creek is composed of old alder and bigleaf maple trees, plentiful mosses, ferns, oxalis and various shrubs including elderberry. Decaying old stumps and some snags with fire scars are seen in the area.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

2A. T5N, R3W Section 21, N~SW~ The area is 0.25 mile east of Mt. Cedara and 2 miles west of the Clatskanie River. Vernonia, Oregon, IS', USGS, 1954. 74-165, 2119, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The overs tory of the parcel consists of 35-45 year old Western Hemlock-Douglas Fir mix with small amounts of Western Red Cedar. The understory is composed of salal, Oregon grape, vine maple, Bracken and sword ferns, and thimbleberry.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

3A. T5N, R3W Section 20, E~NE~, NE~SE~ The area is 4 miles east of Pittsburg and is located on the northeast slope of Mt. Cedara. Vernonia, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1954. 74-165, 2131, (1:130~OO).

12 C. The overstory of the parcel is composed of 40 year old Douglas Fir - Western Hemlock mix with small amounts of Western Red Cedar. The understory consists of salal, Oregon grape, vine maple, bracken fern, sword fern, deer fern, maidenhair fern, mosses and lichens, thimbleberry, and huckleberry.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

4A. T5N, R3W Section 16, SE!t; The parcel is 3 miles northwest of Bunker Hill and 0.5 mile northeast of Mt. Cedara. Vernonia, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1954. 74-165, 2131, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. Along the creek are alder of approximately 40 feet in height, mixed with small amounts of vine maple and several types of ferns. Thinning has occurred on the northwest side of the creek in this quarter section. In the SW!t;SE!t; are Douglas Fir, Western Hemlock, and Western Red Cedar, approximately 40-50 years old.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

SA. T4N, R1W Section 3,:10, 15, 16, 27, 28, portions This area is a portion of Sauvie Island. St. Helens, Oregon - Washington, 7.5', USGS, 1954. 74-165, 2154, (1:130,000).

B. Willamette Valley Province, Willamette Valley Zone.

C. These areas have previously been inventoried by NAPAC members. These areas are relatively undisturbed Columbia River riparian ecosystem with wildlife habitats. D. High potential for a natural area.

j

l3 HOOD RIVER COUNTY

Northwestern Oregon

The majority of the state-owned land in the county is located along

the Columbia River and is designated as State Parks or waysides. Flanking

the Columbia River is the basalt gorge which creates steep cliffs and

cascading waterfalls in various state owned parcels.

The vegetation within Hood River County is varied due to the variety

of major vegetation zones which occur. The eastern half of the county is

in the Grand Fir and Douglas Fir Zones; the northwest corner, along the

Columbia River, is in the Western Hemlock Zone; the southwest corner of the

county is in the Timberline and Alpine Zones; and the western half of the

county is in the Subalpine Forest Zone.

The major coniferous tree species found on state-owned land in Hood

River County are Douglas Fir and Grand Fir, which occur predominantly on

the Coastal parcels; and Ponderosa Pine, Douglas Fir, and Grand Fir on the

more southern parcels. The dominant deciduous tree species occurring on

state-owned parcels are bigleaf maple, alder, vine maple, and oak.

Summary of Vegetation on State Lands. Hood River County.

Hood River County is located in the Western Cascades and High Cascades

physiographic and geologic provinces. Almost the entire county is within

the High Cascades Province and only a small portion of the western half

of the county lies in the Western Cascades physiographic and geologic province.

14 z ::;) o u l ~) I> • t- !z \ r--+-L.....l....---. z ~II to­ ..J :::I :::i

0 "- <.J I I

Douglas Fir Zone; the Subalpine Forest Zone; and the Timberline and

Alpine Zone. The Grand Fir and Douglas Fir Zone and the Timberline and

Alpine Zones occur in the High Cascades physiographic region. The

Western Hemlock Zone and the Subalpine Forest Zone occur in the Western

Cascades physiographic province (Franklin and Dyrness, 1973).

Catalogue of Selected Parcels. Hood River County.

1A. T3N, RIOE Section 32, portion The area i$ Seneca Fouts Memorial State Park. BLM Management Map NW-8, 1" = 2 mi., BLM, 1972. 75-127, 5992, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Grand Fir Zone, Douglas Fir Zone.

C. Mature Douglas Fir occur on the ridge and cliff tops, which are composed of basalt outcrops. On the lower slopes are vine maple, alder, and young Douglas Fir.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

2A. T3N, RIOE Section 31, portion This area is Seneca Fouts Memorial State Park. BLM Management Map NW-8, I" = 2 mi., BLM, 1972. 75-127, 5992, (1:130,000).

B. High Cascades Province, Grand Fir Zane, Douglas Fir Zone.

C. The overstory along the creek is composed of young cedar and both mature and regenerating Grand Fir. The understory includes vine maple and snowberry. Upslope from the creek are only Douglas Fir. There is evidence of past logging activities. The understory on this upslope area is snowberry, huckleberry, and vine maple.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

16 3A. T3N, RlOE Section 31, W~SW~, S~SW~ The area is VinzenzLausmann Memorial. BLM Management Map NW-8, 1" = 2 mi., BLM, 1972. 75-127, 5992, (1:130,000).

B. -High Cascades Province, Grand Fir Zone, Douglas Fir Zone.

C. The overs tory of the parcel is composed of Douglas Fir which has a DBH of 1-3 ft., and scattered Bigleaf Maple. The understory consists of vine maple, sword ferns, huckleberry, thimbleberry, blue elderberry, willow, Oregon grape, and snowberry. This area is relatively isolated from the highway.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

4A. T2N, RIlE Section 21, W~SW~, S~SW~ The parcel is 2.0 miles south of Campbell Creek and 0.25 mile west of Rock Creek. BLM Management Map NW-8, 1" = 2 mi., BLM. 1972. 75-127, 5993, (1:130,000).

B. High Cascades Province, Grand Fir Zone, Douglas Fir Zone.

C. Dense Douglas Fir with a DBH of 6-12 in. covers approximately 25% of the overstory area of the site. Ponderosa Pine accounts for 70% of the overs tory area, while scattered patches of Oak occur around the edges of the parcel. The understory consists of Oregon grape, ocean spray, snowberry, young alder, and cheatgrass.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

SA. T2N, R9E Section 35 (S~SW~) The area is Viento State Park. Hood River. Oregon-Washington, 15', USGS, 1957. 75-127, 5992, (1:130,000).

B. High Cascades Province, Grand Fir Zone, Douglas Fir Zone.

C. The overstory of the park consists of 30-40 year old Douglas Fir with a DBH of 1-2 ft. Along the creek are Bigleaf Maple, with a smaller number of Douglas Fir. The understory consists of Oregon grape, vine maple, snowberry, and ocean spray. There are partially developed camping sites on either side of the highway.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

17 6A. TIN, R10E Section 6, W~SE~, SW~E~, SE~SW~. The parcel is northwest of Middle Mountain and 0.25 mile northeast of Dee. BLM Management Map NW-8, l' = 2 mi., BLM, 1972. 75-127, 5987, (1:130,000).

B. High Cascades Province, Grand Fir Zone, Douglas Fir Zone.

C. The area is a west facing draw with moderate slopes. The overs tory consists of 75% 30-40 year old Douglas Fir and scattered Ponderosa Pine. The understory consists of young alder and Bigleaf Maple. This site is not easily accessible.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

7A. TIS, RI0E Section 16 The area is 1.0 mile west of Kimrock Mountain and 1.0 mile northwest of Shellrock Mountain. BLM Management Map NW-8. l' = 2 mi., BLM, 1972. 75-127, 5987, (1:130,000).

B. High Cascades Province, Grand Fir Zone, Douglas Fit Zone.

C. This site is a bunchgrass area which is ringed with oaks. In the center of the bunchgrass area are scattered Ponderosa Pine. Douglas Fir of 25-35 years of age with a 1-2 ft. DBH surround the area. In the northwest corner of the section, willow occur along the creek, as well as some cedar, 35-40 year old Douglas Fir, young and older Grand Fir, and Ponderosa Pine. The understory includes thimbleberry, ocean spray, hazelnut, and some bigleaf maple.

D. High potential for a natural area.

"

18 ------

MARION COUNTY

Northwestern Oregon

Marion County is typical of other northwestern Oregon Counties in that

it forms a vegetational transect which follows the precipitation and ele­

vation gradient from the Willamette River to the Cascade crest. The county

therefore encompasses distinctly different environmental habitats, as well

as the Willamette Valley, the Western Cascades and the High Cascades

physiographic and geologic provinces. The Willamette Valley Province

occupies the western half of the county, while the Western Cascades Province

accounts for most of the remainder with only a very small strip along the

easternmost county edge lying within the High Cascades Province. The

major vegetation zones dissect the county in a somewhat similar manner, and

from west to east include the Oak-Fir Zone in the valley, the Western Hemlock

Zone of the lower Cascades and the subalpine forests of the high Cascades

(Franklin and Dyrness, 1913.) The presence of the white man in the vicinity

of the county for over 130 years has also influenced the condition and

trends evident across the county lands. All these factors combine to make

Marion County a rich source of potential natural areas •

• Summary of Vegetation on State Lands. Marion County.

The state lands in Marion County are clustered primarily in the central

county area from Range IE to Range 6E. The majority of these parcels are

indicative of the Western Hemlock vegetation zone while just a few parcels

situated more westerly fall within the Willamette Valley Oak-Fir Zone.

The overall dominant softwood overs tory species in the Western Hemlock Zone

is Douglas Fir due to the preclimax condition of most of the land; however,

19 >­ I­ % ::l o o

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-LEGENO- F.A. Primary Highway. MARION COUNTY F.AS, Hiohway on State Primary Highway. FA.S.Highway on state Secondary Highway. FAS SYSTEM Sealo EE::E:EI April 1961- F.A.S.Highwayon County Road. «:'~-I··-")41. II State-owned land hemlock is common in both the overs tory and as a dense understory of young trees. In the higher elevations of this zone Pacific Silver Fir and Noble

Fir are also found. Douglas Fir is also the dominant conifer species in the forested areas of the Oak-Fir Zone, while oak is found either in more or less pure woodland stands or as an associated species in the fir forests.

Catalogue of Selected Parcels, Marion County.

1A. T8S, R3E Section 11, SE!t; Section 12, SW!t; The area is 0.5 mi. southwest of Panther Rock; Kirk Creek flows through the area. Santiam River Master Unit, 1" = 2 mi., BLM, 1974. 74-165, 2051, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. This area is a north facing, relatively high elevation area (3600 ft.). The tree species occurring throughout the site ate. Pacific Silver Fir and Western Hemlock with a DBH of 6 in. - 2 ft. Denser and larger fir and hemlock surround the lakes and ridge in the area. The understory consists of blueberry, rhododendron, young hemlock, tag alder, Pacific Silver Fir and Noble Fir. Many wildflowers are found throughout the area, especially around the lake. Beaver are reported in the area, and birds nesting in the cliffs. Tag alder is predominant on the north facing slope behind the lake area. The area is recognized as a recreation area by State Forestry.

D. High potential for a natural area.

2A. T8S, R2E Section 30 Section 31, N~ The area is Silver Falls State Park. Lyons, Oregon, 15", USGS, 1951. 74-165, 2051, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. This area is representative of an advancing Western Hemlock climax. The overs tory generally consists of a heterogeneous age mixture of Douglas Fir ranging from 40-200 years old with the average age being 80-100 years. Many of the older trees have wind damaged tops and function as excellent nesting habitats. Approximately 20-30% of the overstory is composed of 60-70 year old Western Hemlock. The oldest conifers are concentrated in the NE!t; of Section 30.

21 T9S, R4E MARION COUNTY NAPAC

6 1 N

7 12

N

N 13

19 o . H/C/Bss

25 x

LINN CO. 31 36

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns I - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 22 The understory is lush in most areas with vine maple, plentiful sword fern, oxalis in damp places, some thimbleberry and blackberry, and vigorous regenerating hemlock which is quite dense in some spots. Extensive stands of devil's club occur along the steeper drainages. Bigleaf maple, chinkapin, cascara and a few alder also occur throughout the parcel. Wildlife abounds with deer, bobcat, porcu­ pine, woodrat, assorted fowl and a possible mountain lion fre­ quenting the area.

D. High potential for a natural area.

3A. T9S, R4E Section 30, N~NE~ The area is 0.5 mile northeast of Minto and 2.0 miles southwest of Mt. Horeb. Santiam River Master Unit, 1" = 2 nii., BLM. 1974. 74-165, 2052, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. Nearly 100% of the area is covered by Douglas Fir with a DBH of between 6 in.- 2 ft. A scattering of some older Douglas Fir occurs throughout the parcel. The DBH of these older trees is up to 4 ft. Bigleaf maple, young Western Hemlock, vine'tn?ple, and fern occur throughout the understory. The site is south facing with a slope of 5-10%.

D. High potential for a natural area.

4A. T9S, R4E Section 28, W~E~, NW~, N~E~. NW~SW~ The area is 2.0 miles south of Mt. Horeb and 1.5 miles southwest of Rocky Top Lookout. Santiam River Master Unit, 1" = 2 mil, BLM, 1974. 74-165, 2052, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. Douglas Fir with a DBH varying from 2 to 4 feet covers 100% of the site. The understory consists of small bigleaf maple and young Western Hemlock. Sword fern covers 90% of the ground surface with some huckleberry also occurring on the site.

D. High potential for a natural area.

5A. T9S, R4E Section 23 The area is 0.5 mile south of Rocky Top Lookout and 2.0 miles southeast of Mt. Horeb. Santiam River Master Unit, I" = 2 mi., BLM. 1974. 74-165, 2052, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

23 C. This parcel was part of the area affected by the 1951 Sardine Creek burn. The vegetation of the section consists of 15-20 year old Douglas Fir regeneration, scattered young Western Hemlock, and many stumps. Understory species include salal, rhododendron~ willow, and fern. The section is generally south faCing with a 10% slope.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

6A. T9S, R4E Section 14, S~J[W~, S~ Section 24, ~, ~W~, SW~SW~ The area is 3.0 miles northeast of Niagara Falls County Park and 2.0 miles north of the Santiam River. Santiam River Master Unit, l' = 2 mi., BLM, 1974. 74-165, 2052, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The southern part of the area was burned in the 1951 Sardine Creek fire. The area is a prominent landform. A natural bridge is reported in the approximate area of the SW~SW~ of T9S, R4E, S24.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

7A. T9S, R3E Section 24, E~SE~, SE~~ The area is 1.75 miles north of Potato Hill and 2.0 miles southwest of Mt. Horeb. Santiam River Master Unit, l' = 2 mi., BLM, 1974. 74-165, 2051, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The overs tory species consist of 80% Douglas Fir and 20% Western Hemlock. Their DBH varies between 2-5 ft. The understory consists of vine maple, bigleaf maple, huckleberry, and young Western Hemlock The area is west to southwest facing with a 5-10% slope.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

8A. T9S, R2E Section 15, NE~~ The area is 3.75 miles east of Mehama and adjacent to the Little North Santiam River. Santiam River Master Unit, I" = 2 mi., BLM, 1974. 74-165, 2051, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

24 C. The vegetative cover of the parcel includes 80% Douglas Fir, 10% bigleaf maple, 10% alder. The Douglas Fir is between 10 and 40 years old with a DBH of 6 in. - 2 ft. The alder and bigleaf maple are between 20 and 30 years old and are mixed with the Douglas Fir. Upslope on this 20% north facing slope is nearly 100% conifer with a greater deciduous mix on the lower slope.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

9A. T9S, R2E Section 14, S~SE~ The area is 1.0 mile south of the Little North Santiam River and is adjacent to Cox Creek. Santiam River Master Unit, l' = 2 mi., BLM, 1974. 74-165, 2051, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The overstory species are nearly 100% Douglas Fir, with some vine maple; the understory consists of salal and Oregon grape. The Douglas Fir is between 10 and 40 years old, with a DBH between 6 and 18 inches. Many old snags occur throughout the parcel. The site appears to be an old burn. Coyotes are present in the area.

D. Some potential for a natural area. lOA. T9S, R2E Section 12, SW~SW~ The area is 1.75 miles southeast of Little Green Mountain. The Little North Santiam River flows through the parcel. Santiam River Master Unit, l' = 2 mi., BLM, 1974. 74-165, 2051, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The overstory of the parcel consists of 30-50 year old alder with a DBH of 1-2 ft., a few scattered 50-70 year old cedar, and 20-25 year old Douglas Fir. The understory is made up of dense vine maple, young alder, and ferns. Along the stream are bigleaf maple, Oregon ash, and cottonwood. The north side of the creek which flows through the parcel is an undeveloped recreation site. There is a trail along most of the north bank and a footbridge across a small stream. A patch of skunk cabbage occurs near the bridge. There is less disturbance on the south side of the creek where there are 25-30 year old Douglas Fir. A few older firs occur along the creek.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

25 llA. T9S, R2E Section 6, E~ The area is 1.25 miles north of Mehama. Sheilberg Creek flows through the area. Santiam River Master Unit~ l' = 2 mi., BLM~ 1974. 74-165, 2051, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The overs tory of this site consists of 80% Douglas Fir, with a DBH of 1-2 ft;, and 20% Western Hemlock, with a DBH of up to 2 ft. The understory species are ferns, deer clover, huckleberry, and vine maple. The site is a heavily used recreation site~ partic­ ularly along the creek.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

12A. T9S, R2E Section 3, W~SW~ Section 4, E~SE~ The area is 0.75 mile southwest of Little Green Mountain and 1. 75 miles northeast of Mehama; Santiam River Master Unit, 1" = 2 mi., BLM, 1974. 74-165, 2051, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The area is a former clearcut site. Douglas Fir with an average DBH of 1.5 ft. occur throughout the parcel. The understory species are vine maple and fern.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

13A. TlOS, R6E Section 6, NW~SW~ The area is 1.0 mile from Detroit. Macky Creek flows through the area. Detroit, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1956. 74-165, 2053, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. Macky Creek flows through the northern ~ of the parcel in a small and steeply sloping creek bed. A small concrete dam is built across the creek with a small pool behind the dam. Along the creek are young and old Western Hemlock, Western Red Cedar, Douglas Fir, Pacific Yew, Alder (in the creek bottom), some vine maple, bigleaf maple, and ferns. Further away from the creek are elephant ears, Oregon grape, and rushes in moist areas. On the north slope of the parcel is a dense wedge shaped stand of young Douglas Fir extending up to mid-slope, where older Douglas Fir begin. There are also a few scattered cedar and hemlock. The understory consists of sword fern, vine maple, some Oregon grape, dogwood and madrone.

26 D. Some potential for a natural area.

I4A. TIOS, R5E Section 9, SW~ The area is 1.75 miles southeast of Tumble Lake and 2.0 miles east of Detroit Dam. Detroit, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1956. 74-165, 2053, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The site is an extremely steep southeast facing slope which overlooks the Detroit Reservoir. The understory consists of 60% Douglas Fir, 30% Western Hemlock, and 10% Noble Fir. The Douglas Fir is 200-300 years old with a 3-5 ft. DBH. The Western Hemlock is 100-150 years old with a DBH of up to 2 ft. The Noble Fir is less than 30 years old. The understory is vine mpale, rhododendron, bear grass, and gold chinkapin.

D. Medium potential for a natural area. l5A. T6S, R3W Section 3, 4, 9, 10 (portions) T4S, R3W Section 25, 26, 27 (portions) The area is Lone Tree Bar State Park. Mission Bottom, Oregon, 7.5', USGS, 1957 74-165, 2063, (1:130,000)

B. Willamette Valley Province, Willamette Valley Oak-Fir Zone.

C. In the NW~ SE~ of section 9 is an area of very sandy soil which appears to be an old meander scar. The vegetation consists of tall deciduous trees of approximately 30 years old. The deciduous group includes red alder, Oregon ash, and black cottonwood which provides a crown closure of approximately 30%. The understory is dense and consists of wild blackberry, elderberry, himalaya blackberry, tall grasses and a very dense cluster of alder and willow along the river bands. There are jeep trails within the area. Section 10 is composed of Goose Lake which is surrounded by • a few 60-70 year old douglas fir, but primarily ash, maple, oak, and cottonwoods. The understory is a very dense salal-Oregon grape-wild blackberry-young alder site. The southwest portion of section 4 is a dry riverbottom, meander scar with short grasses, annuals and small willows as ground cover. The northwest portion of section 4 is composed of a few douglas fir with open grass meadows with a cropped field within the meadow. The trees in the area consist of ash, alder, cottonwoods, maple, aspen and a few oaks. Understory is blackberry, scotch broom, willows, and tall grasses.

27 The eastern ~ of Section 27 is composed of Lambert Slough which contains older vegetation of douglas fir, grand fir, black cotton­ woods, and ash. The crown closure ranges from 5-95% with the remainder being blackberry, alder, grasses, scotch broom, Oregon grape, and young conifer reproduction. Matheny Bar, a sand spit, occurs in Section 25. The spit is vegetated by young alder and willow primarily with small grass openings composed of annuals and herbaceous plants. The bar represents a successional view from upland deciduous riparian communities down to water's edge.

D. Medium potential for a natural area. l6A. T9S, R2E Section 18, 20, 21, 22 (portions) The area is North Santiam State Park Lyons, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1951. 74-165, 2051, (1:130,000)

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. A high bluff occurs above the river in section 18 with 5-7 firs greater than 70 year old existing along the ridge. The remaining cover of the parcel consists of a dense (18% cover), 10-30 year old douglas fir stand with a few old alder, up to 30 years old. Understory is composed of young douglas fir, alder, willow, and a few small scattered cottonwoods. Section 20 is composed of a highly disected depositional floodplain along the north edge of the North Santiam River. The parcel is vegetated predominately by medium aged alder (15-25 years old) with scattered 30-40 year old, large black cottonwood. Paralleling the river, is a narrow strip of 60-70 year old douglas fir. The understory of the site includes: a few young douglas fir, scotch broom, scattered Oregon grape, sword fern, bracken fern, grasses, and various mosses and lichens. There is little or no access to either section 18 or 20. Viewed from the south side of the river, the site appears quite undisturbed. The access to section 21 is by way of paved roads and highways with parking and picnicing facilities within the park in this section. The area is primarily vegetated by douglas fir. West of the parking area are 60 year old douglas fir and east of the parking lot are 80 year old douglas fir. Both areas contain about 15-20% cover of old (50 year old) western red cedar and some young cedar reproduction. The understory consists of old deciduous remnants of maple and alder with scattered amounts of salal, Oregon grape, wild blackberry, snowbrush, sword fern, licorice ferns, mosses, lichens and scotch broom. There are some very large black cottonwood growing in the more open areas. Along the edge of the river is a dense alder and young willow area. Easy access to the area is provided by several paved and dirt footpaths. Section 22 is a smaller area than that which is state-owned in section 21 but the vegetation types occurring are quite similar. However, there occurs less disturbance in section 22.

28 D. Some potential for a natural area.

l7A. T9S, R4W Section 25 TlOS, R4w Section 2 The area is on a peninsula at the confluence of the Willamette, Luckiamute and Santiam Rivers south of Buena Vista in Polk and Marion Counties. Monmouth, Lewisburg, Albany, Sidney, Oregon, 7.5', USGS, 1970. 74-165, 2047, (1:130,000)

B. Willamette Valley Province, Willamette Valley Oak-Fir Zone.

C. The vegetation is related closely to the topographic features. The sloping depositional bank along the Willamette supports a community that can withstand seasonal inundation,the predominant species of which is willow. The vegetation of the levee and trough complex is dominated by blackhawthorn on the levees and dense stands of black cottonwood-common velvetgrass in the troughs. The lower terrace is composed primarily of Oregon ash and salmonberry and associated vegetation. The upper terrace is predominated by bigleaf maple-common snowberry and Oregon ash-salmonberry and is divided from the lower terrace by troughs, apparently from sloughs or former river channels. Black cottonwood occurs in these areas. Openings in the upper terrace are dominated by Himilayan blackberry-canarygrass. Some grand fir occur on the upper terrace. The bank along the Luckiamute River is dominated in the cutbank areas by rigid willow and in the depositional areas by willow. Characteristic of the small portion of sloping upland are Douglas fir and Oregon white oak.

D. High potential for a natural area •

•

29 MULTNOMAHCOUNTY

Northwestern Oregon

The state-owned land within Multnomah County is predominantly located along the Columbia River where there are numerous state parks. These parks account for the major state ownership parcels in the county.

The vegetation zones of the county extend from the Willamette Valley east to the High Cascades. A precipitation and elevation gradient from the valley to the Cascades strongly affects the vegetation distribution.

The major tree types occurring on the state-owned parcels and the forested portions of the county include Western Hemlock, Douglas Fir,

Oregon White Oak, bigleaf maple, and alder. Numerous ferns, willows, and dogwoods occur on the slopes of the Cascades and along creeks and rivers.

The basalt rock cliffs of the Columbia River gorge have created many waterfalls in northern Multnomah County. Some of these waterfalls occur within state-owned parcels and are described in the site descriptions.

Summary of Vegetation in State Lands, Multnomah County.

The Willamette Valley and the Western Cascades physiographic and geologic provinces lie within Multnomah County. The Willamette Valley province is located in the western half of the county, while in the eastern half of the county the Western Cascades Province occurs. •

The major vegetation zones of Multnomah County are the Oak-Fir Zone of the Willamette Valley geologic province, and the Western Hemlock and Subalpine

Forest Zones of the Western Cascades geol~gic province (Franklin and Dyrness,

1973).

30 .,. ';. ':) o "

COLUMBIA COUNTY o o o -s. 1 --.

, WASHINGTON

26 MULTNOMAH COUNTY FAS SYSTEM

Scolel I I I 1.,. 1972.

'ltf -LEGENO- .. ~CLACKA.MAS FA PrimGTY HI9hwoy ~ . FAS Highway on SIa1e PrImary Highway FAS Highway on State Secondary NI9hWl)' = FAS Highway 0/1 Counfy Road • State-owned land Catalogue of Selected Parcels, Multnomah County. lAo T2N, R7E Section 28, S~~, SW~E~, W~S~, S~SE~ The area is 0.25 mile south of 'Bonneville and Tanner Creek flows south-north through the center of the parcel. Bonneville Dam, Oreg.-Wash., 15', USGS, 1957. 74-165, 2115, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province', Western Hemlock Zone.

C. Along Tanner Creek, which flows through the parcel, mature Douglas Fir occur. Mature alder and bigleaf maple also exist with thimbleberry, snowberry, vine maple, and several types 'of fe~s. Tanner Creek is flanked by sheer rock cliffs. A few spots have the proper slope to support a large Douglas Fir or small grassy areas. In the northeast of the parcel, access is best facilitated on a Forest Service road, #N27. This area shows little disturbance. Overstory is predominantly 80-100 year old Douglas Fir, bigleaf maple, young alder, sword fern, dogwood, and maidenhair. This description holds for the area all along the east side of the parcel.

D. High potential for a natural area. 2A. TIN, R7E Section 28, 29, 30, 31, portions The area is John Yeon State Park. Bonneville Dam, Oregon-Washington, 15', USGS, 1957. 74-165, 2114, (1:130,000).

B. Western Hemlock Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. Creeks drain the ridges and cliffs in the park. Access is not obvious in the site and the disturbance is minimal throughout the park. The overs tory is composed of 50-75 year old Douglas Fir with a 2-3 ft. DBH. The Douglas Fir occur upslope along McCord Creek and alder and bigleaf maple on the lower creeks. The understory includes alder, willow along the creeks with thimbleberry, snowberry and blackberry elsewhere throughout the parcel.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

32 3A. TIN, RSE Section 29, 30, 32, portions The area is Guy Talbot and G.W.- Joseph State Parks. Bridal Veil, Oregon-Washington, 15', USGS, 1954. 74-165, 2113, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. This site as viewed from Barr Road consists of alder, bigleaf maple, and 50· year· old Douglas Fir with a DBH of 1-2 ft. The dense understory consists of 40-50% vine maple, 10-20% thimbleberry, and 10-20% sword and deer fern and blue elderberry. The site is a 5-10% north facing slope • • D. Some potential for a natural area.

4A. TIN, R5E Section 28, portions The area is Shepperds Dell State Park. Bridal Veil, Oregon-Washington~ 15', USGS, 1954. 74-165, 2113, (1:130,000).

B. Western Cascades Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. This site is mostly on a north facing steep slope. A road passes through the parcel but little disturbance occurs in the forest. The overs tory consists of 1-2 ft. DBH Douglas Fir, Oregon White Oak, and Bigleaf Maple. The understory includes Oregon grape, sword and deer fern, huckleberry, thimbleberry, and vine maple. Within the park is a cliff face with mosses and lichens on it, and also a waterfall which faces north. Basalt rock outcrops occur .• -

D. High potential for a natural area.

5A. T1S, R1E Section 32, 33 (portions) T2S, R1E Section 3 (portion) The area is Tryon Creek State Park. Oregon City, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1961. 74-165, 2091, (1:130,000)

B. Wi1lamette Valley Province, Willamette Valley Oak-Fir Zone.

C. Tyron Creek State Park is a shallow canyon with rather steep sides. Tryon Creek flows into the Wi11amette River just beyond the South end of the Park.

33 Plant communities within the park include tall, closed canopy Douglas fir stands; deciduous maple/ alder community; mixed stands; brushy areas; open grassy meadows and wet marsh. Most of the area was logged in the early 1900's, with few of the old growth trees left standing, but the area has grown back to trees and provides good examples of succession. (Preliminary Proposal: Tryon Creek State Park, (12 June, 1975), by Jean L. Siddall.)

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

34 TILLAMOOK COUNTY

Northwestern Oregon

State land in the county is clustered in the northern two-thirds of the county, primarily within the confines of the Tillamook State Forest. The forest is composed mostly of Douglas Fir and Red Alder. Conifers, which occur in lesser amounts throughout the state-owned land, are: Sitka Spruce; Western

Hemlock; and Western Red Cedar which occurs along stream courses. Bigleaf maple and Oregon Ash are the deciduous species which occur in lesser amounts throughout the forest.

Tree species age classes vary between a few more or less well defined age brackets. These varying age classes are due to the number of forest fires which have affected large blocks of land throughout the county. In 1865,

1933, 1939, and 1945 large areas of land and masses of timber were lost to forest fires. Depending upon the date of reforestation and/or quality of natural regeneration, various age classes were established. Trees located in certain stream valleys and hill tops and slopes were sometimes protected from the fires. These particular trees now comprise any old growth timber found on state forest land.

Large areas within the county are also barren of conifer regeneration due to such things as: soil erosion because of the fires; brush and/or hardwood establishment; and difficult terrain and exposure for regeneration.

These areas of predominately brush and/or hardwoods provide the forest manager with the potential for increased timber production through conversion of the areas to conifer production.

35 I­ Z :::» o ... u

29 TILLAMOOK COUNTY FAS SYSTEM Scale, I 1972- o z 4 ..;. -LEGEND­ FA Primary J.lighway = FAS I-lighwayon Stllte Primary I-lig"way = FAS Highway on Sterle Sec.ondory I-lighway = FAS Highway on County Rood II State-owned land

36 Summary of Vegetation o~ State Lands, Tillamook County.

Tillamook County is located within the physiographic and geologic province of the Coast Range. The vegetation of Tillamook County is represented by the

Sitka Spruce, and Western Hemlock vegetation zones (Franklin and Dyrness, 1973).

Catalogue of Selected Parcels, Tillamook County.

lAo T3N, R9W Section 22, S~. The area is Nehalem Falls State Park. Nehalem, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2123, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Sitka Spruce Zone.

C. Along the east and west slopes of the Nehalem River, which flows through this area, a dense alder overstory occurs. The alder are 20-30 years old. A few 20-30 year old Douglas Fir occur within the confines of the park. They occur predominantly on the ridge tops. Numerous old conifer snags occur throughout the area. State Forestry has designated this area as a scenic conservancy.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

2A. TIS, RllW Section 13, portion. TIS, RlOW Section 18, portion. These parcels are Cape Mears State Park. Columbia River Master Unit, 1" = 2 mi., BLM, 1974. 74-165, 2100, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Sitka Spruce Zone.

C. The Park, away from the immediate vicinity of the visitor parking lot, is composed of predominantly Western Hemlock with scattered Sitka Spruce. The understory consists of thimbleberry, salmonberry, and salal.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

3A. TIS, R8W Section 28, N~N~ The area is a portion of Peninsula State Park. Blaine, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2103, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

37 T3N, R9W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

N N LJL ~ N 6 - H&. , 1

I I D X

X· 7 P V 12 pm ~ ('.... L v<€) ~, x/ ~ C/Hntm - 18 - D N 13 I X .~ r ,-- r- / ...... ~ 19 24 N ~ ~ - C/Hmm 30 25 IJ

-I-

~ 31 N 36 I[til

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns 1 - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 38 T3N, R8W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

H,m C/H 8m N \ 6 /'"V ~ ~ - 2 K 0 ClH8m C/Hsd 12 7 /'--- /'-~ ~ ~ ~ 0 C/Hsd ---. 18 ~ I--' ~ K ClHsm

24 19 ~ v-' N ~ ~ r, V "- 1- X 30 ~ 25 ~ C/Hsm -...... ::::.. - 31 X 36

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns I - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 39 T3N, R7W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

6 x 1

N 12

x 18 13 N

cmm X . - 19 N

N C/Hmm

31 x

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small M - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns I - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/M - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land

40 T3N, R6W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

6 N

N

12 Cmd

x

30 o ~/H88

WASH. CO 31 36

Vegetation Cover TyPes Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns 1 - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land

41 - --~------

T2N, R9W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

N 6 1 J ~ 0 7 B/H/Css 12 X

N XC-~ - 13 ~X ( ~ U"mm \ .

N 4n 24 ,.,....--.i I.., ~ \ 0 "'\ B/H/Css ? 25 riO; - \...... / '/ Cmm_.... / "... ~I 36 ,

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns 1 - Large B- - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hard,.oods N - Not State Land

42 T2N, R8W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

6 1

7 , 12 tEl 0 a/H •• . 18 13

~

19 24

0 30 a/H.~ 25

0 31 a/Hss 36

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns 1 - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 43 T2N, R7W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

C/H/Bms N 6 4• ~ I

I-- 7 N 12 N - N .

18 ~ 13 - J 1

0 19 ~ B/Hs. 24 N ..... I

25 30 0 B/Hs. -2- B/H.s 31 36

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Mediwn G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns I - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 44 TIN, R9W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

B/Hss 6 BjHss 1 /'1\ V / 7 VHms C '\ \ 12 N - 18 13

~ L Lt L ~ .i'\. ~ L....- T~ 24 Cmd C/Hms N I-- i.....- ~ ~30 ~ ( ~ ~5 n tv ~ ~ C/Hmm ~ 'N 31 \ 36 ~

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns 1 - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 ~ears) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 45 TlN, R8W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

6 1.

0 7 B;C/Hms 12

. 18 13

19 24

0 B/C/Hms 30 25

-31 36' N

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns I - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) . X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/B - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 46 TIN, R7W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

8/Hss 6 N 1

24

o C/H •• ' 25

ClHmm 36

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns I - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land

47 TIN, R6W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC "-'._-- 1/ V ~sm ./ 6 ( 1 ~ If 0 -- . S/C/Hsm - ~ 12 f C/Hsm 1\ - l) 13 ..- ...... (' /J ~ j '\ (7 N X 2 19 n ~c/ r\ 4 ~ 25 3~ '\ WASH.CO. " I N 31 36

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns 1 - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 48 TlS, Raw TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

o/Hms B/C/Hms 1

7 N

N. • Hmm

19 N

/Hmm· 36

Vegetation Cover Types Size C - Conifers H - Hardwoods s - Small m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns B - Brush I - Large o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 49 TIS, R7W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

6 1

o B/Has. 12

• 13

19

o 30 B/Haa

31 36

N

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns I - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense I ' i B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 50 T2S, R8W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC 6 N ~ 1 0 r--- alHss .7 12

r--- N

0 ~ 18 B/Hss 13 N

I~ 24 - ~ n Q \ I B/Hss N x I 30 ')5· Cmm N J N Cmm ILJ

0 ~1 ~ W- B/Hss 36 N I

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns 1 - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 51 T2S, R7W TILLAMOOK COUNTY NAPAC

0 a/Hss 6 1

7 12

_0__ a/Hss 18 la.t-

N 19 ~~

30 25 . 0 a/Hss

31 ~ 6N

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns 1 - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s - Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 52 C. On the east portion of the N~NE% is a. predom.inant1y a.1der-Doug1as Fir mix. A steep 70% slope occurs. Some vine maple and scattered big leaf maple occur on the south-southeast facing slope. Old snags occur along with young to medium aged Douglas Fir, mostly on the upper slopes.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

4A. T1S, R8W Section 28, N~~, S~N~. The area is Peninsula State Park. Blaine, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2103, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. On the west portion of the N~W-t; of the park is an 80% alder and 20% Douglas Fir mixture. The alder and fir are 25-30 years old and 40-45 years old along the stream. Some big1eaf maple and younger cedar, western hemlock and younger alder occur on the slip off slope of the stream.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

SA. T3S, R7W Section 26, SW ~ The area is 2.5 miles south of Dovre Peak, and the Nestucca River flows east to west through the parcel. Blaine, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2096, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The parcel is a 50-60% north-northeast-northwest facing slope which has a creek flowing through the middle of the parcel. The overstory consists of 30-40 year old Douglas Fir which covers 90% of the canopy area, especially on the ridges. Younger Douglas Fir occur along the stream in the north portion and some alder occur along the west portion of the area. The understory consists of vine maple and sword fern. State Forestry states that this parcel is not in their management plan at present.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

SA. T3N, R10W Section 6,7 T3N, RllW Section 1, SE~ Section 12, N~ This area is Oswald D. West State Park. Cannon Beach. Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955 74-165, 2123, (1:130,000)

53 B. Coast Range Province, Sitka Spruce Zone.

C. This area borders Smugglers Cove and Cove Beach. Cape Falcon is on the extreme west point of the parcel. The dominate vegetation consists of older Western Hemlock and Sitka Spruce. Numerous cull trees are visible throughout the park. This park is partially developed for camping.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

6A. T3N, RIOW Section 32 (portion) T2N, RIOW Section 5, 8 The area is Nehalem Bay State Park. Nehalem. Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2123, (1:130,000)

B. Coast Range Province, Sitka Spruce Zone.

C. Nehalem Bay State Park is a North-south oriented spit. Shore pine dominates the confier coverage within the Park. Young Sitka Spruce also occurs, generally in clusters, in areas which are somewhat protected from the wind. European beach grass and scotch broom; which occurs in the park, affords the Sitka Spruce some wind protection.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

7A. T2S, R8W Section 19 (N~, SW~) Section 29 (N~, SW~) Section 30 (SW~, SE~ and N~, NE~) This area is 1.5 miles southwest of Edwards Butte and 2.0 miles northwest of Grindstone Mountain. Blaine, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2097, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Sitka Spruce Zone.

C. The N~ S~ of section 19 is along Fawcett Creek. The general vicinity has been logged, but not along the creek. The vegetation consists of 50 to 100+ year old Western Red Cedar and Sitka Spruce. Medium aged alder also occurs. The understory consists of devils walking cane, sword fern, and salmonberry.

In the N~ SW~ of section 29, 100-150 year old Noble Fir occurs mixed with Western Hemlock. The understory consists of sword fern and salmon­ berry.

In section 30, the N~ NE~ is composed of Noble Fir and Alder with a small amount of Western Red Cedar. The cedar is approximately 150+ years old and the Noble fir is about 125+ years old. The understory consists dominately of sword fern and salmonberry. This site borders Skookum Lake and Fawcett Creek to the northeast and north. 54 In the SW~ SE~ of section 30 is Beaver Point which is 2916 feet in elevation. Beaver Point is reported to have older growth Noble Fir with salmonberry and sword fern understory.

All these areas have been confirmed by the state forester at Tillamook and have been observed with binoculars due to adverse travelling conditions.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

BA. T2S, RIOW Section 6, lB, 19, 30 (portions) This area is Netarts Sand Spit State Park. Tillamook. Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2100, (1:130,000)

B. Coast Range Province, Sitka Spruce Zone.

C. Netarts Sand Spit area includes four major, interrelated eco­ systems: the sand dune mosaic and sand spit; estuarine; ocean­ front forest; and salt marsh.

Three major terrestrial vegetation systems are present: (1) A modified dune pattern where planted European beach grass has stabilized and dominates the formerly active dune system. Probably also introduced, were plantings of scotch broom. Especially at the summits and to the lee of the dunes are found natural sand binders including maritime pea, beach pea, seashore lupine, strawberry, and sandverbena. In areas of stabilized dunes seeding Sitka spruce and mats of salal were most prominent. The system of a single high foredune south of the narrowest neck of the spit has been highly modified. (2) Comprising the forest vegetation is an impenetrable Sitka spruce forest with some intermixed shore pine and a dense shrubby understory of huckleberry and wax myrtle. This forest has stabilized the remnant of a former large parabola dune and is situated centrally along the sand spit. (3) The third vegetation unit is a planted forest of shore pine and maritime pine found on the southern end of the spit.

Of further importance is the salt marsh system which occurs both at the head of Netarts Estuary and on a fringing marsh on the bay-side of the sand spit.

(Natural Area Initial Proposal Netarts Sand Spit, (10 June, 1976), by R. E. Frenkel, Geography Department, OSU.)

D. High potential for a natural area.

55 9A. T3S, R10W Section 19, 20, 29, 30, 31 (portions) The area is Sand Lake Estuary Tillamook, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2071 (1:130,000)

B. Coast Range Province, Sitka Spruce Zone.

C. A number of creeks flow into the estuary, including: Sand Creek, Andy Creek, Jewel Creek and Reneke Creek.

At the mouth of the estuary is a north-south trending spit with sand occurring along it. Sand bars within the estuary are quite evident. A narrow channel is visible between the spits at the mouth of the estuary for incoming and outgoing water.

The Salmon River estuary south of Cascade Head in Lincoln County is another salt marsh estuary of importance.

D. High potential for a natural area. lOA. T3S, RIIW Section 1 T2S, RIIW Section 25, 36 (portions) The area is Cape Lookout State Park. Tillamook, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955 74-165, 2100, (1:130,000)

B. Coast Range Province, Sitka Spruce Zone.

C. The three major vegetation groups in Cape Lookout State Park are shrub-herb headland, pure Sitka spruce forest, often with a salal understory, and Sitka spruce-Western Hemlock/licorice fern forest (salmonberry-alder in early succession).

The shrub-herb headland is characterized by thin sails, high incidence of salt spray, high winds and the absence of trees or overstory shade. The most common and abundant species include; bracken fern, deer fern, pearly everlasting, honeysuckle, thimbleberry and blackberry. In addition there are several grasses, mostly species of Poa and Bromus, and several other herbs as well.

Along the steep south slope below the day-use parking lot, pure Sitka spruce forests occur with either salal, sword fern, or pure organic litter in the understory.

In this area soil is deeper but often unstable. Salt spray and strong winds also occur.

56 The third type, Sitka Spruce-Western Hemlock/licorice fern forest, occurs in the most sheltered areas with the deepest soil. Cape Lookout exhibits an outstanding example of the mature and early successional phases of this type.

("Preserve Analysis: Cape Lookout", (28 April, 1975), by Glenn Patrick Juday, Chairman NAPAC Committee.)

D. High potential for a natural area. llA. T4S, RllW Section 24, 25, 36 (portion) T4S, RIOW Section 30, 31 (portion) This area is Nestucca Spit State Park. Hebo, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2071, (1:130,000)

B. Coast Range Province

C. Nestucca Spit is a 484-acre park located between the Pacific Ocean and Nestucca Bay. It is a partially stabilized sandspit which provides 2~ miles of ocean frontage and 3 miles of bay frontage.

There are two important vegetation zones at Nestucca Spit State Park. They are the Foredune Zone and Bayside Forest Zone.

The Foredune Zone encompasses the ocean and bay foredune as well as the long, narrow spit terminating at the mouth of the Nestucca River. The foredune is covered with beach grass and leguminous plants that dominate other vegetation. Occasional scotch broom and shore pine are evident just reaching above the height of the grass. The Foredune Zone comprises about 40% of the vegetated area of the Park.

The Bayside Forest Zone covers 20% of the park, and features sporadically occurring stabilized sand hummocks covered with Sitka spruce, shore pine, Douglas Fir, and alder ranging in size from 5-25 feet tall. Where sunlight can penetrate these coniferous thickets, the understory consists of kinnickinnick and manzanita, with a few annual wildflowers. Included in the Bayside Forest Zone is the tideflat-marsh grass complex located on the eastern edge of the spit.

(Master Plan Proposals, Nestucca Spit State Park, September, 1974, by Oregon State Parks Department).

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

57 l2A. T4S, RllW Section 13, 24 (portion) The area is Cape Kiwanda State Park Hebo, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2071, (1:130,000)

B. Coast Range Province, Sitka Spruce Zone.

C. Cape Kiwanda State Park is a l85-acre park composed of a rugged sandstone headland, a sand dune over 200 feet high, a forested strip along l~ miles of ocean beach.

The park can be divided into five vegetative zones. Each zone is found on stable or partially stable sand dunes.

Shore pine forest covers 80% of the park. The bulk of this forest is found on old stabilized sand dunes. This zone is dominated by tall, slender shore pine in association with scattered Douglas Fir, Sitka Spruce, and Western Hemlock. The understory is a dense mass of salal, evergreen, huckleberry, rhododendron, and waxmyrtle. Three of the remaining zones make up about 5% of the park area. These include the beach grass areas found at the north end of the park; the alder-willow complex found along Miles Creek; and the park's wet areas, associated with stabilized sand dunes.

A small, but unique vegetative area is the grass - beach grass - coast strawberry - salal complex present on the sandstone areas of the cape. This particular plant complex is found on isolated clumps of sand on the outer reaches of the cape.

(Master Plan Proposals - Cape Kiwanda State Park, May, 1974. by Oregon State Parks Department).

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

13A. T6S, R9W Section 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 (portions) This area is the Van Duzer Corridor State Park within Tillamook County. Grand Ronde, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2068, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The Van Duzer State Park is a narrow corridor which flanks highway 18 and a portion of the Salmon River. In sections 11, 12, 14, and the eastern half of section 15 within the corridor, a dense stand of conifers occur, medium to old aged. In the western half of section 15 and thoughout section 16 along the highway, medium to older conifers also occur, but less dense than in the above-mentioned sections.

58 The state park is dominated by Western Hemlock and Grand Fir of three distinct age classes. The old growth Western Hemlock and Grand Fir ranges in age between 200-250 years old; the intermediate age class of the same two tree species is 65-75 years old; and very young western hemlock between the age of 10-15 years old comprises the third age class within the park. The DBH of the old growth conifers are approximately 3.5 to 4.5 feet.

The understory of the park, besides the hemlock regeneration, includes; braken ferns and salmonberry near the road and trail which occurs through the park; sala! and oregongrape; alder which is mainly associated with moist areas, such as, creek bottoms; dear ferns; and sword fern, which dominates the understory. North and south of the corridor, Douglas Fir is the dominant tree species between the ages of 30-40 years old.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

59 WASHINGTON COUNTY

Northwestern Oregon

Washington County has its westernmost boundary near the crest of

the Coast Range and from there the county extends east well into the

Willamette Valley and northeast to the West Hills. As the county thus

bridges two major physiographic provinces, it also contains two major

vegetation zones: the Tsuga heterophylla or Hemlock zone of the Coast

Range and the Oak-Fir zone of the Willamette Valley. (Franklin and

Dyrness, 1973). Since Washington County has been a home to the white

man for over a century now, both of the vegetation zones have been

subject to major disturbances and extensive manipulations for some time.

Logging activities and some serious forest fires have severely limited

the number of forested acreages within the county. Likewise, intensive

agricultural activities in the Willamette Valley have altered the nature of the Oak-Fir Zone and reduced the natural tree-grass communities

to isolated pockets and riparian strips.

Summary of Vegetation on State Lands, Washington County.

The state-owned land in Washington County is concentrated in the western half of the county, particularly in the ranges 5 west and 6 west of the Willamette Meridian. Most of the state land parcels, therefore,

lie in the Tsuga heterophylla or hemlock climax zone. The seral softwood dominant in this transitional area, however, is Douglas Fir, while

Western Hemlock, Western Red Cedar and scattered Grand Fir constitute the various preclimax subdominant conifers. Hardwood trees in Washington

County include bigleaf maple, red alder, ash and dogwood. The understories

60 •

ClATSOP COUNTY

MULTNOMAH >- J- COUNTY :z ::::I 0 v

::.:: 0 0 :& N 1:.... -' 0\ I-' ...

34- WASHINGTON COUNTY YAM+11 LL FAS SYSTEM Scale eEEE33 1911. • I & ....

- LEGEND-

F.A. Primory Highway F.U Hi~way on State Primary UighWQy FAS Highwayon Stllte Secondary HiqhlYOy FAS HiCJhwayonCGuntyROCId • State-owned Lands of these tree communites may consist of various ferns (primarily bracken and sword), vine maple, Oregon grape, salal, assorted wild berries, ocean spray, oxalis and/or mosses.

Catalogue of Selected Parcels, Washington County.

lA. T3N, R5W. Section 12, S~JNE~, SE~ The area is 2 miles northwest of Tophill and 2 miles west of Highway 47. Vernonia, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1954. .. 74-165, 2119, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The vegetation of the area is composed of 25-30 year old Douglas Fir, and bigleaf maple, vine maple, dogwood, salal, and bracken fern. Few and scattered cedar and hemlock occur in the area.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

2A. T3N, R5W Section 26, NW~SW~ The area is 2 miles northwest of Staleys Junction and 1 mile west of Highway 26. Timber, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2119, (1:130.000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. There is a main creek which flows through the parcel with large alder, bigleaf maple, and some western red cedar, ocean spray, and Douglas Fir occurring. The Douglas Fir in the parcel is regeneration of 30-40 years of age. The understory is mainly salal with lesser amounts of vine maple, Oregon grape, bracken fern, sword fern, thimbleberry, and wild rose.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

3A. T3N, RSW. Section 29, SE~~ The area is 1 mile west of Timber and 0.25 mile north of the Nehalem River. Timber, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2119, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

62 C. In the SE~~ on slopes other than along the creek bottom are 30-40 year old Douglas Fir with a few young Western Red Cedar and vine maple. The understory is composed of a variety of fern types. Some trees are marked for thinning. Along the creek, Douglas Fir, Alder, and Western Hemlock occur with several types of ferns, oxalis, devil's club, Oregon grape, salal, and wild rose occur~ing in the understory.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

4A. T3N, R4W Section 2, W~SW~, SE~SW~ The Area is 1.5 miles north of Green Mountain and 1.25 miles northeast of Hoffman Hill. Vernonia, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1954. 74-165, 2119, (1:130,000)

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. This parcel contains a variety of stand types. There is a small stand of Douglas Fir ranging in age from 60 to 75 years. A large homogeneous stand of Douglas Fir occurs, with bigleaf maple and alder along the creek bottom. The understory of the 60-70 year old fir includes dogwood, huckleberry, vinemaple, alder, bracken fern, Oregon grape, salal, and wild rose. This stand has scattered timber blow down.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

5A T3N, R4w Section 8, N~SW~ The area is 0.5 mile northwest of Tophill and 0.25 mile south of Highway 47. Vernonia, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1954. 74-165, 2119, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The parcel is composed of 20-30 year old Douglas Fir with scattered bigleaf maple, alder, and young Western Red Cedar. Along the creek which flows through the area tall alder and older Douglas Fir occur. The o1dfir are 40-50 years of age and generally occur on the east slope of the NW~SW~.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

63 TIS, R6W WASHINGTON COUNTY NAPAC

6 N 1 0 ~/cjHm.·

7 12

TILL. CO.

'---- 0 N . 18 B/Hms 13 \

0 19 :; B/C/Hms 24 f' ·L CVHmm· L r-- N ~ J 25 . N 30 y ~m C/Hmm / i)~ Ir- ) ~ --.Jl D N ~ N 31 Cmm b)36 ~ >~

Vegetation Cover Types Size

C - Conifers s - Small H - Hardwoods m - Medium G - Grass/Forbes/Ferns I - Large B - Brush o - Old Burn or Cutover Area (>5 Years) X - Recently Burned or Cutover Area «5 Years) Cover W - Water (Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs) A - Agriculture s·- Sparse C/H - 50% Conifers, 50% Hardwoods m - Moderate B/H - 50% Brush, 50% Hardwoods d - Dense B/C - 50% Brush, 50% Conifers B/C/H - 33%Brush, 33% Conifers, 33% Hardwoods N - Not State Land 64 6A. T3N, R3W Section 28, S~E~, NE~SE~ The area is 1.25 miles north of Meacham School, and Plentywater Creek flows east-west through the center of the parcel. Columbia River Master Unit, I" = 2 mi., BLM. 1974. 74-165, 2119, (1:130,000). •

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. The vegetation of the parcel includes very tall alder and bigleaf maple, several Western Red Cedar, a few scattered old snags, vine maple, devil's club, huckleberry, sword fern, • and skunk cabbage. A steep north-northwest facing slope occurs in the NE~SE~ where theneare 25-35 year old Douglas Fir with scattered cedar and hemlock.

D. Medium potential for a natural area.

7A. TIN, R5W Section 28, NE~ The area is 3.5 miles east of Saddle Mountain, and Scoggins Creek flows through the area. Columbia River Master Unit, 1" = 2 mi., BLM, 1974. 74-165, 2106, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. This site is part of a regenerating forest located in the Scoggins Creek area. On the west and east sides of Scoggins Creek, the slopes vary between 10-30%. The overstory consists of 20-25 year old, S-10 inch DBH Douglas Fir, which accounts for 90-100% of the overstory cover. The dense understory is vine maple, ferns, and willows along the stream.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

SA. TIN, R6w Section 25 (W~ NW~) Section 26 (N~) The area is south Saddle Mountain. Timber, Oregon, 15', USGS, 1955. 74-165, 2105, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Western Hemlock Zone.

C. Due to snow conditions, this parcel has not been visited, but information concerning this area has been provided by the state forester at Forest Grove. At and near the summit of Saddle Mountain 15 year old noble fir occur. Just south of

65 the summit is a few acres of 100+ year old noble fir and Douglas Fir. Some young noble fir were planted in 1949 in the area. Very little Western Red Cedar occur in this parcel. There have been reports of Western White Pine scattered throughout these parcels.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

66 YAMHILL COUNTY

Northwestern Oregon

A very small amount of state-owned land occurs within Yamhill County.

The primary use of the state-owned land within the county is for state parks and waysides. These parks and waysides are relatively developed and generally small in size. The major coniferous tree species found throughout the county include Douglas Fir, Western Hemlock, and some Sitka Spruce. The dominant deciduous tree species of the county are b~gleaf maple, alder, Oregon ash, and oak.

Summary of Vegetation on State Lands, Yamhill County.

The physiographic and geologic provinces of Yamhill County are the Coast

Range and the Wil1amette Valley Provinces. The major vegetation zones of the county are: the Sitka Spruce Zone occurring in the extreme southwest corner of the county; the Western Hemlock Zone occurring throughout the western half of the county; and the Oak-Fir of the Wi11amette Valley Zone, extending throughout the eastern half of the county (Franklin and Dyrness, 1973).

Catalogue of Selected Parcels, Yamhill County.

lAo T2S, R3W Section 15, 16 (portions) The area is Bald Peak State Park. Laure1wood. Oregon, 7.5', USGS, 1956. 74-165, 2094, (1:130,000).

B. Coast Range Province, Wil1amette Valley Oak-Fir Zone.

C. The park is situated at Bald Peak which is the crest of the Chehalem Mountains. The park is developed with parking, picnicing, restroom facilities, foot trails , and good access to the park. The west edge, northwest corner, and east central portions of the park are composed of 40-80 year old douglas fir with approximately 80% crown closure. The understory consists of wild blackberry, sword-

67 YAMHILL COUNTY FAS SYSTEM Scale! ! ! ! ! veln.1964 o Z 4Mi.

F. A. Primory Highway F.A.S. Highway on State Primary Highway. F.A-S. Highway on State Secondary Highway F. A. S. Highway on County Road II State-owned land COUNTY

0 0 00'" ~ 0 o . ~ 3 • -< ..J ..J

u ferns, bracken fern, Oregon grape, and dogwood. The remainder of the parcel (Southwest area) is composed of less than 40 year old douglas fir with open areas comprised of dense blackberry.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

2A. T5S, R3W Section 33 The area is Maud Williamson State Park. Mission Bottom, Oregon, 7.5', USGS, 1957. ~ 74-165, 2077, (1:130,000).

B. Willamette Valley Province, Willamette Oak-Fir Zone.

c. This area is adjacent to agricultural land on all sides. The access to the park is quite easy due to the paved roads and paved walkways throughout. Picnicing, parking and restroom facilities are all present in the park. The vegetation of the park is composed of old douglas fir (100-125 years old) mixed within younger douglas fir (80 years old). The understory includes: grass, planted viola species and ivy growing up the trees. There are three large, open grass areas within the park. Along the western edge and in the southwest corner of the park, deciduous trees dominate, including: oak, madrone, and alder.

D. Some potential for a natural area.

69 REPORT SUMMARY

Approximately 454,400 acres of state land were examined in the present

survey for potential natural area sites. Parcels or areas within parcels

selected as suitable for preservation in the eight counties totaled 27,390

acres (6%). These are the units catalogued for vegetation description in

this report.

The following table summarizes acreages by county of catalogued

parcels:

County State land (acres) Catalogued acreage

Clackamas 10,900 3,100

Columbia 16,200 2,880

Hood River 5,800 1,880

Marion 37,200 7,110

Multnomah 13,000 1,940

Tillamook 316,100 8,480

Washington 53,400 1,080

Yamhill 1.800 1,020

TOTAL 454,400 27,390

It is anticipated that information presented in the report will be used to determine areas that will be investigated further for possible inclusion in a natural area preserve program in Oregon. Descriptions of individual units are in sufficient detail so that the location of the unit and the description of its vegetation and site factors are clear. Working

70 maps and other materials filed at ERSAL will aid in using this report.

The ERSAL staff is prepared to assist in the use of the report in

conjunction with working materials.

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REFERENCES

Franklin, J.F., F.C. Hall, C.T. Dyrness, and C. Maser. 1972. Federal research natural areas in Oregon and Washington. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Portland, Oregon. 400 plus p.

Franklin, J.F., and-C.T. Dyrness. 1973. Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-8. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Portland, Oregon. 417 p.

Mairs, J.W. 1975. Vegetation inventory of certain state-owned lands in selected Oregon counties. Environmental Remote Sensing Applications Laboratory (ERSAL) report to the Natural Area Preserves Advisory Committee (NAPAC), Oregon State Land Board, March, 1975.

72 NATURAL AREA PRESERVES ADVISORY COMMITTEE

GOALS

1. Cooperate in developing a coordinated program of preserving representative samples of Oregonls typical and unique eco­ system types or natural features by dedicating natural area preserves on public lands.

2. Provide educational and research opportunities in Oregon through access to natural area preserves as basic resources.

3. Compile and periodically update a comprehensive list of natural area locations in Oregon, and maintain a list of natural area preserves needs.

4. Assure perpetual protection to dedicated natural area preserves and maintain preserves in as nearly a natural condition as possible.

5. Encourage the establishment of natural area preserves on qualified areas that appropriate local governments, resource agencies or citizens recommend to the State Land Board and advisory committee.

6. Recommend natural area preserves in suitable locations throughout the state, including those within and near Oregon's population centers.

7. Publish and disseminate appropriate information about natural area preserves.

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