The Mystical Triangle- Maheshwar, Mandu & Omkareshwar Under
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The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas
The Emergence of the Mahajanapadas Sanjay Sharma Introduction In the post-Vedic period, the centre of activity shifted from the upper Ganga valley or madhyadesha to middle and lower Ganga valleys known in the contemporary Buddhist texts as majjhimadesha. Painted grey ware pottery gave way to a richer and shinier northern black polished ware which signified new trends in commercial activities and rising levels of prosperity. Imprtant features of the period between c. 600 and 321 BC include, inter-alia, rise of ‘heterodox belief systems’ resulting in an intellectual revolution, expansion of trade and commerce leading to the emergence of urban life mainly in the region of Ganga valley and evolution of vast territorial states called the mahajanapadas from the smaller ones of the later Vedic period which, as we have seen, were known as the janapadas. Increased surplus production resulted in the expansion of trading activities on one hand and an increase in the amount of taxes for the ruler on the other. The latter helped in the evolution of large territorial states and increased commercial activity facilitated the growth of cities and towns along with the evolution of money economy. The ruling and the priestly elites cornered most of the agricultural surplus produced by the vaishyas and the shudras (as labourers). The varna system became more consolidated and perpetual. It was in this background that the two great belief systems, Jainism and Buddhism, emerged. They posed serious challenge to the Brahmanical socio-religious philosophy. These belief systems had a primary aim to liberate the lower classes from the fetters of orthodox Brahmanism. -
Circumambulation in Indian Pilgrimage: Meaning And
232 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOLUME 12, ISSUE 1, JANUARY-2021 ISSN 2229-5518 Circumambulation in Indian pilgrimage: Meaning and manifestation Santosh Kumar Abstract— Our ancient literature is full of examples where pilgrimage became an immensely popular way of achieving spiritual aims while walking. In India, many communities have attached spiritual importance to particular places or to the place where people feel a spiritual awakening. Circumambulation (pradakshina) around that sacred place becomes the key point of prayer and offering. All these circumambulation spaces are associated with the shrines or sacred places referring to auspicious symbolism. In Indian tradition, circumambulation has been practice in multiple scales ranging from a deity or tree to sacred hill, river, and city. The spatial character of the path, route, and street, shift from an inside dwelling to outside in nature or city, depending upon the central symbolism. The experience of the space while walking through sacred space remodel people's mental and physical character. As a result, not only the sacred space but their design and physical characteristics can be both meaningful and valuable to the public. This research has been done by exploring in two stage to finalize the conclusion, In which First stage will involve a literature exploration of Hindu and Buddhist scripture to understand the meaning and significance of circumambulation and in second, will investigate the architectural manifestation of various element in circumambulatory which help to attain its meaning and true purpose. Index Terms— Pilgrimage, Circumambulation, Spatial, Sacred, Path, Hinduism, Temple architecture —————————— —————————— 1 Introduction Circumambulation ‘Pradakshinā’, According to Rig Vedic single light source falling upon central symbolism plays a verses1, 'Pra’ used as a prefix to the verb and takes on the vital role. -
The Omkareshwar Dam in India : Closing Doors on Peoples' Future
The Omkareshwar Dam in India : Closing Doors on Peoples’ Future Abstract: The Omkareshwar Project is one of 30 large dams to be built in the Narmada Valley and which are being contested by one of India’s strongest grassroots movements. In Spring 2004 MIGA, the World Bank’s Investment Guarantee Agency, turned down an application for Omkareshwar because of “environmental and social concerns”. The project will displace 50,000 small farmers and flood up to 5800 hectars of one of Central India’s last intact natural forests. Construction of the dam was taken up in November 2003, in spite of the fact that no Environmental Impact Asessment and no resettlement plan has been prepared for the project. The project violates a number of national and international standards, including the so-called Equator Principles. Although it has been turned down by Deutsche Bank, several foreign banks and export credit agencies are still considering loan and insurance applications for Omkareshwar. Village Sukwa, Omkareshwar submergence area A number of European private banks and several Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) have been asked to provide support for the highly controversial Omkareshwar Dam Project in India. In November 2003, representatives of the Japan Center for Sustainable Environment and Society (JACSES) and the German environment and human rights NGO Urgewald undertook a fact-finding mission to the Omkareshwar area. The following report is based on data collected during our visit as well as discussions with the project sponsor, affected villagers and a review of all obtainable project documents. The Project and its Sponsor The Omkareshwar Project was conceived in 1965 as an irrigation and power dam to be built in the Central Indian State of Madhya Pradesh. -
Component-I (A) – Personal Details
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion. -
Uttarakandam
THE RAMAYANA. Translated into English Prose from the original Sanskrit of Valmiki. UTTARAKANDAM. M ra Oer ii > m EDITED AND PUBLISHED Vt MANMATHA NATH DUTT, MA. CALCUTTA. 1894. Digitized by VjOOQIC Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vynchi Bala Sir Rama Varma kulasekhara klritapatl manney sultan maha- RAJA Raja Ramraja Bahabur Shamshir Jung Knight Grand Commander of most Emi- nent order of the Star of India. 7gK afjaraja of ^xavancoxe. THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY MANMATHA NATH DUTT. In testimony of his veneration for His Highness and in grateful acknowledgement of the distinction conferred upon him while in His Highness* capital, and the great pecuniary help rendered by his Highness in publishing this work. Digitized by VjOOQ IC T — ^ 3oVkAotC UTTARA KlAlND^M, SECTION I. \Jn the Rakshasas having been slain, all the ascetics, for the purpose of congratulating Raghava, came to Rama as he gained (back) his kingdom. Kau^ika, and Yavakrita, and Gargya, and Galava, and Kanva—son unto Madhatithi, . who dwelt in the east, (came thither) ; aikl the reverend Swastyastreya, and Namuchi,and Pramuchi, and Agastya, and the worshipful Atri, aud Sumukha, and Vimukha,—who dwelt in the south,—came in company with Agastya.* And Nrishadgu, and Kahashi, and Dhaumya, and that mighty sage —Kau^eya—who abode in the western "quarter, came there accompanied by their disciples. And Vasishtha and Ka^yapa and Atri and Vicwamitra with Gautama and Jamadagni and Bharadwaja and also the seven sages,t who . (or aye resided in the northern quarter, (came there). And on arriving at the residence of Raghava, those high-souled ones, resembling the fire in radiance, stopped at the gate, with the intention of communicating their arrival (to Rama) through the warder. -
Mahakaleshwar & Omkareshwar Darshan
Tour Code : AKSR0404 Tour Type : Spiritual Tours (domestic) 1800 233 9008 Mahakaleshwar & www.akshartours.com Omkareshwar darshan 2 Nights / 3 Days PACKAGE OVERVIEW 1Country 2Cities 3Days Accomodation Meal O2 Night Accomodation In Ujjain 2 Breakfast 2 Dinner Visa & Taxes 5% GST Applicable Highlights Daily Breakfast & Dinner All Transfers & Sightseeing By Private Vehicle As Per The Tour Itinerary. Hotel Luxury Taxes. AC Will Not Work In Hilly Area. SIGHTSEEINGS OVERVIEW Chintaman Ganesh temple, Kal Bhairav temple, Ved Shala, Kaliadeh palace. SIGHTSEEINGS Chintaman Ganesh Ujjain Biggest temple of Lord Ganesha in Ujjain. This temple is built across the Kshipra River on the Fatehabad railway line, and is located about 7 km far south-westerly to the Ujjain town. The temple is located now in the middle of the town's market. The temple dates back to 11th and 12th centuries when the Paramaras ruled over Malwa. The Ganesha idol enshrined in this temple is supposed to be swayamabhu. Kal Bhairav temple Ujjain Hindu temple located in the Ujjain city, India. It is dedicated to Kal Bhairav, the guardian deity of the city. Located on the banks of the Shipra River, it is one of the most active temples in the city, visited by hundreds of devotees daily. Liquor is one of the offerings made to the temple deity. Vedh Shala Ujjain Vedh Shala or Jantar Mantar is located in the holy city of New Ujjain. It is an observatory built by Maharaja Jai Singh II in 1725 which consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments. The observatory is one of the five observatories built by Maharaja Jai Singh II when he was governor of Ujjain. -
Ratlam Division
Tourist Places Ratlam Division RATLAM Ratlam known historically as Ratnapuri, is a city in the northwestern part of the Malwa region in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. Ratlam was given to Ratan Singh Rathore as a gift by Shah Jahan. Ratlam was one of the first commercial cities established in Central India. The city quickly became known for trading in opium, tobacco, and salt, as well as for its bargains called "Sattas". Before the opening of the Rajputana State Railway to Khandwa in 1872, there was no better place to trade than in Ratlam. It is well known for Gold, Ratlami Sev and Ratlami Saari. Ratlam has several industries which manufacture copper wire, plastic ropes, chemicals and artificial oxygen, among other products. People can be seen pouring from distant places for gold purchase owing to the purity of gold here. Ratlami Sev is a very popular food item, which is even exported to countries in the Gulf and America. Best Buy: Gold, Silver,Ratlami Saari, Traditional Nearest Rail Head: Ratlam Handicraft and Ratlami Sev Omkareshwar Temple Omkareshwar, one of the 12 revered Jyotirlinga shrines of Shiva is situated on the islands of Mandhata on the river Narmada. The structure of island appears in the shape of Hindu Om symbol. Tourists visiting the temple can find 2 temple shrines situated here. One is the Omkareshwar which portrays the name of "OM-maker-lord" whereas the other is the Amareshwar, which portrays the name describing "immortal lord" or "lord of the immortals". Omkareshwar lies at the meeting point of the rivers Narmada and the Kaveri. -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita -
(CC by 4.0) Ramayana Is a Story of Rama Dasarathi O
The Valmiki Ramayana, an Archeological View by Potluri Rao In Seattle ©2018 (CC BY 4.0) Ramayana is a story of Rama Dasarathi of Ayodhya. The Rig Veda (2000 BCE) mentioned the name Rama only once as a king who distributed presents to priests as was the custom in those days. The names Rama (10.93.14), Sita (4.57.6), and Lakshmana (5.33.10) were mentioned only once in different contexts with no connection between them or to Ayodhya. We know nothing more about them. They have no recorded history. Apparently, Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana were popular names in those days. There are may different stories of Rama: China, Japan, Laos, Indonesia, Buddha, Jain, and so on. The only thing they have in common is the skeleton of the story. Each story was set in a different location and time with its own social climate. The Valmiki Ramayana (Valmiki) tells us about the social climate in India around 400 BCE, the time of its composition. What follows is an archeological, not a religious, view of the Valmiki. The actual composition of the Valmiki commenced after Panini (400 BCE) and most likely was completed in one generation. Rishi Valmiki did not invent the Ramayana; he presented existing well known folk stories of Rama in a memorable metrical form that stood the test of time. Though the language was modern Sanskrit the story was ancient Indian composed a thousand years earlier and in wide circulation in folk culture. The Valmiki contains both the skeleton of an ancient story (2000 BCE) and the flesh of Rishi Valmiki’s interpretation (400 BCE). -
Mandsaur PDF\2316
CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 MADHYA PRADESH SERIES -24 PART XII-A DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK MANDSAUR VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS MADHYA PRADESH 2011 INDIA MADHYA PRADESH DISTRICT MANDSAUR To Kota To Chittorgarh N KILOMETRES To Kota !GANDHI SAGAR 4 2 0 4 8 12 16 HYDEL COLONY A C.D. B L O C K From Rampura B H A N P U R A H G To Kota A ! Sandhara BHANPURA To C Jhalrapatan ! J H U RS . R l J a b M !! Bhensoda ! ! ! ! m ! ! ! a ! h ! C ! ! E ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! From Neemuch ! ! ! R ! ! ! ! ! I ! ! E ! ! T T C ! T N From Ajmer S C To Mandsaur I GAROTH RS ! ! ! J ( D ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! MALHARGARH ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! From Jiran ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! C.D. B L O C K G ! A R O T H ! ! ( NARAYANGARH ! G ! ! R ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Boliya ! B ! To Kotri ! ! G !! ! ! ! Budha ! S ! ! ! RS ! ! ! ! ! D ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Chandwasa C.D. B L O C K M A L H A R G A R H ! ! ! . ! ! ! ! SHAMGARH Sh a R ! ! i vn ! N PIPLYA MANDI ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! R RS G ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! J ! ! RS ! ! ! Nahargarh ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! . ! ! ! ! ! ! ! RS ! G ! ! ! ! R A ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! l ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! a ! NH79 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! b ! ! ! ! ! ! ! m ! G ! ! ! a ! ! ! ! )M ! Kayampur h ! Multanpura ! H C A ! ! G)E ! SUWASRA H ! ! ! ! ! ! ! MANDSAUR ! G R ! RS P ! ! ! ( ! ! ! ! ! ! SH 14 ! C.D. B L O C K S I T A M A U ! ! E ! T ! ! SITAMAU ! Kilchipura !! ! ! ( R From ! ! ! ! G ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Pratappur ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! Ladoona ! ! ! ! ! J ! ! ! S ! ! -
(Based on Kashi Khand and Ling Puraan) Lalitha V
SHIV LINGS OF KASHI (BASED ON KASHI KHAND AND LING PURAAN) LALITHA V. ABOUT THE AUTHOR The Author, Lalitha. V. is the daughter of Late Smt. Kaveri Narayan and Late A.S. Narayan of Unnat Nagar-II, Goregaon (W), Mumbai. Late A.S. Narayan was one of the founder members of Vivek Vidyalaya, Goregaon (W). Lalitha. V. is the daughter-in-law of Late Jagadhambal, a staunch devotee and Late P.K. Sivasubramanian of Sri Ram Nagar, Andheri, Mumbai, who shifted to Kashi in 1978. She is the wife of Shri P.S. Venkataramanan, of SBI, based in Varanasi. Lalitha V. is a staunch devotee and she, alongwith her husband and several family friends, visited over 350 temples in Kashi and brought out several books on that subject. She has written the following books : 1. Temples of Kashi. 2. Kashi Ke Devalay (in Hindi) 3. Saundarya Lahari (Translation and explanation) 4. Lalitha Sahasranamam (Translation and explanation) 5. Vishnu Sahasranamam (Translation and explanation) 6. Kashiyil Kovilgal (Kashi Kaandam) in Tamil 7. Graha Dosham and Pariharam (in Kashi & Tamil Nadu) 8. Kashiteel Shiv Lingey (Marathi) 9. Simple Remedies for Planetary Afflictions 10.Kashiyil Shiva Lingangal (Malayalam) She also proposes to write extensively on spirituality and bring out books in paperback form as well as ebook form. She is thankful to all the well- wishers who helped her in the holy task. (LALITHA. V.) G-1, Block-1, Varuna Enclave, S-2/636, Club Road, Secrole, Varanasi-221 002. 9839061178 (Whatsapp only) SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION BY LATE JAGADHAMBAL The Author deems it necessary to highlight the special contribution made by Late Jagadhambal (to whom this book has been dedicated) with respect to Kashi Khand. -
Aurangabad 3 Day Package
Pune Aurangabad 3 Day Package Pune to Aurangabad (245/kms) https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Aurangabad Aurangabad, which was declared by the Government as the Tourism Capital of Maharashtra back in 2010, is a famous tourist hub which greets its visitors with a richly woven tapestry of sights and sounds. The city got its name for being the erstwhile capital of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in the 17th century AD. This is considered as an UNESCO World Heritage Site, Grishneshwara Temple is known as one of the 12 sacred Jyotirlingas. Grishneshwar Temple is a 13th Century Shiva Temple located in Ellora. It has been mentioned in the Shiva Purana, which forms an integral part of the Shaivism Literature, as the 12th place of worship in Grishneshwar temple the country. The original temple was a prehistoric monument which (Day 1) was later destroyed by the Mughals. This new structure was rebuilt twice after the Mughals were defeated. The temple architecture also draws several tourists to the site. https://www.holidify.com/places/aurangabad/grishneshwar-temple- sightseeing-1232.html G Map Pin:- https://goo.gl/maps/i8MTLgaHfKfVfBjV9 Recorded in the list of world-heritage site, Ellora cave is situated around 30 km away from Aurangabad. The Kailash Temple of the Ellora caves is the major attraction among the tourists and work of art of the architect. The temple is one of the largest and massive Ellora And Ajanta Caves sculptures of the world. (Day 1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajanta_Caves G Map Pin:- https://goo.gl/maps/EUw4qWvwp4HptCWE8 Excavated from the soft rock during the 6th and 7th century, the caves are divided into two separate locations - Western Group Caves having caves 1-5 and Eastern Group Caves having caves 6-10, Aurangabad Cave located 1 km from apart.