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Process for Preparing a Finely Self-Emulsifiable

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Process for Preparing a Finely Self-Emulsifiable (19) & (11) EP 1 492 527 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A61K 31/42 (2006.01) A61K 9/107 (2006.01) 08.10.2008 Bulletin 2008/41 A61K 9/48 (2006.01) A61K 31/02 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 03719615.1 (86) International application number: PCT/US2003/010526 (22) Date of filing: 07.04.2003 (87) International publication number: WO 2003/086392 (23.10.2003 Gazette 2003/43) (54) PROCESS FOR PREPARING A FINELY SELF-EMULSIFIABLE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINER FEIN SELBSTEMULGIERBAREN PHARMAZEUTISCHEN ZUSAMMENSETZUNG PROCEDE POUR PREPARER UNE COMPOSITION PHARMACEUTIQUE FINEMENT AUTO- EMULSIFIABLE (84) Designated Contracting States: • HE, Xioarong AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR Kalamazoo, MI 49002 (US) HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR • BOLYARD, Keith, B. Designated Extension States: Otsego, MI 49078 (US) AL LT LV MK (74) Representative: Wood, David John et al (30) Priority: 09.04.2002 US 371200 P Pfizer Limited European Pharma Patents Department IPC 748 (43) Date of publication of application: Ramsgate Road 05.01.2005 Bulletin 2005/01 Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ (GB) (73) Proprietor: Pharmacia Corporation (56) References cited: Peapack, NJ 07977 (US) WO-A-01/91750 WO-A-02/05799 WO-A-02/083177 (72) Inventors: •GAO,Ping Portage, MI 49024 (US) Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 1 492 527 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 1 492 527 B1 Description FIELD OF THE INVENTION 5 [0001] The present invention relates to processes for preparing orally deliverable finely self- emulsifiable pharmaceu- tical compositions that comprise a drug of low water solubility, more particularly to such compositions where the drug is in dissolved form. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 10 [0002] Liquid dosage forms, for example solutions suitable for oral administration, have become an important method by which drugs are delivered to subjects, particularly where rapid onset of therapeutic effect is desired. As an alternative to directly imbibable liquid formulations of a drug, it is also known to encapsulate liquid formulations, for example in soft or hard gelatin capsules, to provide a discrete dosage form. 15 [0003] Unfortunately, many useful drugs have low solubility in water and, therefore, are difficult to formulate at con- venient concentrations as solutions in an aqueous vehicle. Even when a suitable solvent is found as a vehicle for such a drug, there is often a tendency, particularly for a crystalline drug of low water solubility, to precipitate out of solution and/or crystallize when the drug comes in contact with water, for example in the aqueous environment of the gastroin- testinal tract. Upon precipitation and/or crystallization, the drug can then agglomerate to form larger particles that further 20 retard absorption. Such precipitation and/or crystallization, especially if accompanied by agglomeration, can offset or reduce the potential rapid onset benefits sought by formulating the drug as a solution. [0004] Attempts have been made to facilitate gastrointestinal absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs from solution formulations, by adding relatively large amounts of surfactant; however, these attempts have achieved only limited success. Additionally, the usefulness of surfactants in large amounts can be limited by problems such as foaming, which 25 can cause gas entrapment, and irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. [0005] It is known to provide liquid dosage forms, including encapsulated liquid dosage forms, of poorly water- soluble drugs as self-emulsifying formulations. These formulations are generally designed to form an emulsion, in some cases a micro emulsion, when mixed with gastrointestinal fluid. Such self-emulsifying formulations can help to maintain the drug in solubilized form for a sufficient period of time to provide enhanced absorption but, even when formulated in this 30 way, certain drugs still have a tendency to precipitate and/or crystallize in gastrointestinal fluid. Furthermore, high sur- factant loadings are often necessary to provide acceptable self emulsifying behavior, with the attendant problems indi- cated above. [0006] There is therefore a need in the art for improved liquid formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs, particularly for such formulations that are finely self-emulsifiable in gastrointestinal fluid. The term "finely self-emulsifiable" herein 35 means capable of forming an emulsion wherein at least about 25% by volume of the emulsion particles have a diameter not greater than about 1 Pm. Where emulsion particle size distribution includes a greater proportion of larger particles, it isbelieved that agreater tendency existsfor drug particleaggregation and/or the potential for rapid absorption is reduce d. [0007] An illustrative class of drugs for which this need is apparent is the class of selective cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX- 2) inhibitory drugs of low water solubility. 40 [0008] Numerous compounds have been reported having therapeutically and/or prophylactically useful selective COX- 2 inhibitory effect, and have been disclosed as having utility in treatment or prevention of specific COX-2 mediated disorders or of such disorders in general. Among such compounds are a large number of substituted pyrazolyl benze- nesulfonamides as reported in U.S. Patent No. 5,466,823 to Talley et al., including for example the compound 4-[5-(4- methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide, also referred to herein as celecoxib (I), and the 45 compound 4-[5-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide, also referred to herein as deracoxib (II). 50 55 2 EP 1 492 527 B1 5 10 15 [0009] Other compounds reported to have therapeutically and/or prophylactically useful selective COX-2 inhibitory 20 effect are substituted isoxazolyl benzenesulfonamides as reported in U.S. Patent No. 5,633,272 to Talley et al ., including the compound 4-[5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl]benzenesulfonamide, also referred to herein as valdecoxib (III). 25 30 35 [0010] Still other compounds reported to have therapeutically and/or prophylactically useful selective COX- 2 inhibitory effect are substituted (methylsulfonyl)phenyl furanones as reported in U.S. Patent No. 5,474,995 to Ducharme et al., 40 including the compound 3-phenyl-4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-5H-furan-2- one, also referred to herein as rofecoxib (IV). 45 50 55 [0011] U.S. Patent No. 5,981,576 to Belley et al. discloses a further series of (methylsulfonyl)phenyl furanones said to be useful as selective COX-2 inhibitory drugs, including 3-(1- cyclopropylmethoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-[4-(methylsulfonyl) 3 EP 1 492 527 B1 phenyl]-5H-furan-2-one and 3-(1-cyclopropylethoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-5H-furan-2-one. [0012] U.S. Patent No. 5,861,419 to Dube et al. discloses substituted pyridines said to be useful as selective COX-2 inhibitory drugs, including for example the compound 5-chloro-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2-(2-methyl-5-pyridinyl)pyri- dine, also referred to herein as etoricoxib (V). 5 10 15 20 [0013] European Patent Application No. 0 863 134 discloses the compound 2-(3,5- difluorophenyl)-3-[4-(methylsulfo- nyl)phenyl]-2-cyclopenten-1-one said to be useful as a selective COX-2 inhibitory drug. [0014] U.S. Patent No. 6,034,256 to Carter et al . discloses a series ofbenzopyrans said to be useful as selective COX- 2 inhibitory drugs, including the compound (S)-6,8-dichloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxylic acid (VI). 25 30 35 [0015] International Patent Publication No. WO 00/24719 discloses substituted pyridazinones said to be useful as selective COX-2 inhibitory drugs, including the compound 2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butoxy)- 40 5-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-3-(2H)-pyridazinone. [0016] A need for formulated compositions of selective COX-2 inhibitory drugs, particularly rapid-onset compositions of such drugs, exists. Rapid-onset drug delivery systems can provide many benefits over conventional dosage forms. Generally, rapid-onset preparations provide a more immediate therapeutic effect than standard dosage forms. For example, in the treatment of acute pain, for example in headache or migraine, rapid-onset dosage forms would be useful 45 to provide fast pain relief. [0017] Australian Patent Applications No. 200042711, No. 200043730 and No. 200043736 disclose compositions comprising a selective COX- 2 inhibitory drug, a 5HT 1 receptor agonist and caffeine, said to be useful for treating migraine. [0018] U.S. Patent No. 5,993,858 to Crison & Amidon discloses an excipient formulation for increasing bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug. The formulation is said to be self-microemulsifying and to comprise an oil or other lipid 50 material, a surfactant and a hydrophilic co-surfactant. The choice of surfactant is said to be less critical than the choice of co-surfactant, which reportedly should have an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) number greater than 8. A preferred example of such a co-surfactant is said to be Labrasol™ of Gattefossé, identified as a product "comprised of medium- chain triglycerides derived from coconut oil" having HLB of 14. A formulation prepared containing 15 mg nifedipine in a size 1 (0.5 ml) capsule, i.e., at a concentration of 30 mg/ml, is described as a "clear solution" at 70°C but a "semi- solid" 55 at room temperature. [0019] Cited in above- referenced U.S. Patent No.
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