DOCSLIB.ORG

Justice in the Forest: Rural Livelihoods and Forest Law Enforcement

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Forest Perspectives 3 Justice in the forest Justice Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG) has been justified as a way of benefiting the poor by improving state revenues from forests, but the direct social impacts have not been given much attention. This study constitutes an attempt to fill the gap. Based on reviews of community experiences in Bolivia, Cameroon, Canada, Honduras, Indonesia and Nicaragua, it shows how the extent of forest-based livelihoods is often under- appreciated. The laws that affect the way people use forests are often contradictory and restrict livelihoods. Moreover, laws tend to be selectively developed and applied in favour of large-scale forestry, while laws, which secure community rights in forests, enforcement law forest and livelihoods Rural are commonly absent, ignored or too onerous to be widely used. Lack of adequate legal protection of community rights makes much small-scale forest use ‘illegal’. Illegal forest use, including by communities, tends to be enmeshed in wider political economies, so major players tend to be politically protected while local communities are vulnerable. Enforcement has sometimes focused narrowly on forestry laws to the neglect of laws that secure rural livelihoods. Crude enforcement measures have reinforced social exclusion and tended to target poor people while avoiding those who are well connected. Trade-based FLEG measures may also ignore the social implications. The study recommends future FLEG initiatives be developed in transparent ways, with broad civil society engagement. They should give special attention to the rural poor by addressing the full range of laws relating to forests, adopting rights-based approaches and promoting legal reform, rule of law and access to justice. Forest Perspectives are published to promote discussion and debate on key forest issues. They are published by CIFOR as a service to encourage dialogue and information exchange among the international forest community. Electronic versions can be Justice in the forest downloaded from CIFOR’s web site (www.cifor.cgiar.org). Rural livelihoods and forest law enforcement Marcus Colchester with Marco Boscolo, Arnoldo Contreras-Hermosilla, Filippo Del Gatto, Jessica Dempsey, Guillaume Lescuyer, Krystof Obidzinski, Denis Pommier, Michael Richards, Colchester, M. Colchester, Sulaiman N. Sembiring, Luca Tacconi, Maria Teresa Vargas Rios and Adrian Wells et al. The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) is a leading international forestry research organization established in 1993 in response to global concerns about the social, environmental, and economic consequences of forest loss and degradation. CIFOR is dedicated to developing policies and technologies for sustainable use and management of forests, and for enhancing the well-being of people in developing countries who rely on tropical forests for their livelihoods. CIFOR is one of the 15 Future Harvest centres of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). With headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia, CIFOR has regional offices in Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Zimbabwe, and it works in over 30 other countries around the world. Donors The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) receives its major funding from governments, international development organizations, private foundations and regional organizations. In 2005, CIFOR received financial support from Australia, Asian Development Bank (ADB), Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Cordaid, Conservation International Foundation (CIF), European Commission, Finland, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Ford Foundation, France, German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Indonesia, International Development Research Centre (IDRC), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), Israel, Italy, The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Netherlands Development Organization, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), Peruvian Secretariat for International Cooperation (RSCI), Philippines, Spain, Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Switzerland, Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, The Overbrook Foundation, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Tropical Forest Foundation, Tropenbos International, United States, United Kingdom, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Bank, World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Forest Perspectives 3 Justice in the forest Rural livelihoods and forest law enforcement Justice being taken away, then what are kingdoms but great robberies? St Augustine, The City of God Marcus Colchester with Marco Boscolo, Arnoldo Contreras-Hermosilla, Filippo Del Gatto, Jessica Dempsey, Guillaume Lescuyer, Krystof Obidzinski, Denis Pommier, Michael Richards, Sulaiman N. Sembiring, Luca Tacconi, Maria Teresa Vargas Rios and Adrian Wells Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position or policy of CIFOR. National Library of Indonesia Cataloging-in-Publication Data Colchester, M. et al. Justice in the forest: Rural livelihoods and forest law enforcement/ by Marcus Colchester with Marco Boscolo, Arnoldo Contreras- Hermosilla, Filippo Del Gatto, Jessica Dempsey, Guillaume Lescuyer, Krystof Obidzinski, Denis Pommier, Michael Richards, Sulaiman N. Sembiring, Luca Tacconi, Maria Teresa Vargas Rios and Adrian Wells. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2006. 98p. ISBN 979-24-4618-4 1. forestry law 2. rural communities 3. livelihoods 4. governance 5. illicit felling 6. socioeconomics 7. guidelines 8. case studies 9. Bolivia 10. Cameroon 11. Canada 12. Honduras 13. Nicaragua 14. Indonesia I. title © 2006 by CIFOR All rights reserved. Published in 2006 Printed by Indonesia Printer Cover photo by Christian Cossalter Published by Center for International Forestry Research Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang Bogor Barat 16680, Indonesia Tel.: +62 (251) 622622; Fax: +62 (251) 622100 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.cifor.cgiar.org Contents Abbreviations and acronyms iv Acknowledgements vii Preface viii Executive Summary x 1. Global forest law enforcement initiatives: the context for this study 1 2. Implications for rural livelihoods: the rationale for this study 5 3. Forests and livelihoods 9 4. Legal frameworks 16 5. Setting the frameworks 23 6. The political economy of illegal forest use 33 7. Livelihoods, law and illegality 38 8. Experiences with enforcement 47 9. Ways forward 62 Endnotes 71 References 78 Appendix: Comments from the province of British Columbia 94 iii Abbreviations and acronyms AAC annual allowable cut AFH Agenda Forestal Hondureña AFLEG Application des Legislation Forestières et la Gouvernement en Afrique AIDESEP Asociación Interétnica de Desarrollo de la Selva Peruana (Peru) AMAN Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (Indonesia) Anon. Anonymous ARD Associates in Rural Development (USA) BC, B.C. British Columbia (Canada) BROC Bureau for Regional Oriental Campaigns (NGO, Russia) C$ Canadian dollars CD-ROM compact disk – read-only memory CED Centre pour l’Environnement et le Développement CEO chief executive officer cf. compare CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CIAD Centre International d’Appui au Développement Durable CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research DC District of Columbia (USA) DEA Drug Enforcement Administration (USA) DFID Department for International Development (UK) DPRD Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (Regional People’s Representative Assembly, Indonesia) ed. editor eds. Editors e.g. for example EIA Environmental Investigation Agency (UK) ELSAM Lembaga Studi dan Advokasi Masyarakat (Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy, Indonesia) ENA-FLEG Europe and North Asia Forest Law Enforcement and Governance etc. etcetera, ‘and so on’ EU European Union EUCAMP East Usambara Conservation Area Management Programme (Tanzania) FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations iv FCMP Forest Conservation and Management Project (Tanzania) FERN Forests and the European Union Resource Network FLEG forest law enforcement and governance FLEGT Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade FoE Friends of the Earth International FSC Forest Stewardship Council FWI Forest Watch Indonesia GDP gross domestic product GEF Global Environment Facility GFW Global Forest Watch GoT Government of Tanzania GPS Global Positioning System ha hectare(s) HKm Hutan Kemasyarakatan ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre IDRC International Development Research Centre (Canada) IHSA Institut Hukum Sumberdaya Alam (Indonesia) IICA Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación en la Agricultura (Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture) IISD International Institute for Sustainable Development ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund Inc. Incorporated INET Indigenous Network on Economies and Trade (Canada) INSAN Institut Analisa Sosial (Institute of Social Analysis, Malaysia) IRENA Instituto de Recursos Naturales (Institute for Natural Resources, Nicaragua) ITTC International Tropical Timber Council ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization IUCN The World Conservation Union LLC limited liability company Ltd Limited company
Recommended publications
  • Reforestation: Likely Working on Certification, an Emerg- Nations Secretary-General’S Climate Ing Concept That Sought to Set Third Summit

    Reforestation: Likely Working on Certification, an Emerg- Nations Secretary-General’S Climate Ing Concept That Sought to Set Third Summit

    18 www.taylorguitars.com [Sustainability] arrived in Washington, D.C. in well over a decade, but in 2014 the 1993 and began my professional concept took a twist when govern- career working in environmental ments, private companies, and civil Ipolitics. Anyone involved with interna- society groups signed the New York tional forest policy in the 1990s was Declaration of Forests at the United Reforestation: likely working on certification, an emerg- Nations Secretary-General’s Climate ing concept that sought to set third Summit. The Declaration is a voluntary, from POLITICS to PLANTING party management standards for active non-legally binding pledge to halve the forestry operations. The idea was (and rate of deforestation by 2020, to end still is) that a consumer would choose a it by 2030, and to restore hundreds With Taylor embarking on reforestation efforts product that had an ecolabel over one of millions of acres of degraded land. that did not, if it assured you that the A year later, in 2015, largely due to in Cameroon and Hawaii, Scott Paul explains the product originated from a well-managed pressure from activist organizations, forest. Think Gifford Pinchot meets the literally hundreds of companies involved politics of forest restoration and why Taylor’s Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval. in the Southeast Asian palm oil trade timing might be ideal. The Forest Stewardship Council was announced some sort of new policy. born at this time, and for a decade Looking back at these two events, it’s certification overshadowed much of the fair to say that while lofty words do not global forest policy dialogue.
  • The Rise of Timber Legality Verification to Rescue Indonesia's Forests

    The Rise of Timber Legality Verification to Rescue Indonesia's Forests

    PART II – Chapter 14 Global forest governance to address illegal logging: The rise of timber legality verification to rescue Indonesia’s forests Convening lead author: Erica Pohnan Lead authors: Michael W. Stone and Benjamin Cashore Abstract: The extent of illegal logging in Indonesia is widely acknowledged to be one of the highest in the world, and it remains high despite a multitude of efforts that have been made by the international community to help Indonesia address the problem. However, recent efforts to deal with illegal logging in Indonesia, such as the enactment of a timber legality verification mechanism, have enjoyed widespread support from a variety of stakeholders on a scale previously unseen for efforts to combat global de- forestation. This is because timber legality verification has gained traction in producer countries such as Indonesia by garnering support from a broad coalition of actors motivated by increased access to global timber markets and the promise of achieving environmental goals. We argue that the development of Indonesia’s timber legality assur- ance system (SVLK) and the signing of the EU FLEGT Voluntary Partnership Agreement hold potential for development of durable and effective institutions for reducing illegal logging in Indonesia. If these developments are managed strategically, they can represent a positive development for improved forest governance in Indonesia. Keywords: Governance, Indonesia, Legality Verification, pathways framework, illegal log- ging 14.1 Introduction environmental, economic, and social impacts of the illegal timber trade are still far-reaching. Illegal ndonesia historically has one of the highest rates logging is widely acknowledged to be one of most Iof illegal logging in the world (Seneca Creek As- damaging and egregious cases of forest degradation sociates 2004).
  • SFI 2020 Annual Report

    SFI 2020 Annual Report

    SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY INITIATIVE 2YEARS SFI-00001 1995-20205 BETTER CHOICES FOR THE PLANET 2020 SFI PROGRESS REPORT 18-month calendar July 2020–December 2021 SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY INITIATIVE 2YEARS SFI-00001 1995-20205 IT IS CRITICAL THAT WE WORK TOGETHER TO ENSURE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF OUR PLANET. People and organizations are seeking solutions that don’t just reduce negative impacts but ensure positive contributions to the long-term health of people and the planet. SFI-certified forests and products are powerful tools to achieve shared goals such as climate action, reduced waste, conservation of biodiversity, education of future generations, and sustainable economic development. SFI PROVIDES PRACTICAL, SCALABLE SOLUTIONS FOR MARKETS AND COMMUNITIES WORKING TO PURSUE THIS GROWING COMMITMENT TO A SUSTAINABLE PLANET. When companies, consumers, educators, community, and sustainability leaders collaborate with SFI, they are making active, positive choices to achieve a sustainable future. Our mission is to advance sustainability through forest-focused collaborations. For 25 years, SFI has been a leader in sustainable forest management through our standards. In recent years, we have built on our successes and evolved into a solutions-oriented sustainability organization that addresses local, national, and global challenges. Our recently updated mission, to advance sustainability through forest-focused collaborations, reflects this focus. Climate change, biodiversity, strength in diversity, clean water, the future of our youth, the importance of a walk in the forest, and the sustainability and resilience of our communities—these are some of the important issues that the SFI community is working to address. Thank you for We also realized that we will need a new generation of leaders to help us tackle the future challenges being a part of facing our planet.
  • Communities at the Heart of Forest Management: How Can the Law Make a Difference? Sharing Lessons from Nepal, the Philippines and Tanzania

    Communities at the Heart of Forest Management: How Can the Law Make a Difference? Sharing Lessons from Nepal, the Philippines and Tanzania

    February 2019 Communities at the heart of forest management: How can the law make a difference? Sharing lessons from Nepal, the Philippines and Tanzania 2 Communities at the heart of forest management: How can the law make a difference? Acknowledgements This report was prepared by Nathalie Faure, Benjamin Ichou and Tanja Venisnik. It was developed in the context of a DFID-funded project in which international and national NGOs collaborate to advance equitable and sustainable community livelihoods in the Congo Basin.1 The authors would like to express their deep gratitude to the contributors to this report. The country analyses of Nepal, the Philippines and Tanzania community forestry laws were conducted by Dil Raj Khanal, Edna Maguigad and Rahima Njaidi respectively, who we thank for their groundwork and useful guidance. They also supported the organisation and conduct of interviews with key stakeholders in-country. Our thanks also to the individuals, communities and organisations we consulted in each country, who provided valuable insights on the implementation of community forestry in practice. We would like to thank in particular the Visayas State University (Philippines), MJUMITA (Tanzania) and FECOFUN (Nepal) for their support in organising the field visits. We would like to thank the experts who, at the earlier stage of our research, shared their experiences of community forestry in different countries, and provided some helpful insights and materials: Driss Ezzine de Blas (CIRAD), Dr David Ganz (RECOFTC), Dr Don Gilmour (University of the Sunshine Coast), Mary Hobley (independent consultant), Peter O’Hara (Participatory Natural Resources Management – PNRM Consultants), Dominique Reeb (formerly of FAO) and Dr Cédric Vermeulen (University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech).
  • Final Documentation Report Chisholm Fire (LWF-063)

    Final Documentation Report Chisholm Fire (LWF-063)

    Final Documentation Report Chisholm Fire (LWF-063) Forest Protection Division TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 Context ................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Chisholm Community............................................................................................. 2 1.3 Documentation Team.............................................................................................. 3 Section 1.0 1 1.0 OVERVIEW 1.1 CONTEXT Over the past decade, fire seasons in North America have generally increased in both length and severity. In both 2000 and 2001, the fire season in Alberta was officially declared on March 1, one month earlier than all previous years on record. Coinciding with this has been the aging of forests throughout North America beyond their natural historic ranges, and the increase in community and industrial developments in forested areas which are creating a greater number of wildland/rural/industry interface boundaries. The latter has required unique fire management strategies. As the severity of the 2001 fire season developed in late May, Land and Forest Service escalated man-up and aircraft expenditures significantly above normal levels in expection of increased fire load (Figures 1-3). Prior to fire activity in the Protection Zone of Alberta, municipalities in the agricultural areas were experiencing extreme fire behaviour
  • Chapter 3 Quantifying Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade

    Chapter 3 Quantifying Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade

    3 QUANTIFYING ILLEGAL LOGGING AND RELATED TIMBER TRADE 3 QUANTIFYING ILLEGAL LOGGING AND RELATED TIMBER TRADE Chapter 3 Quantifying Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade Lead author: Jianbang Gan Contributing authors: Paolo Omar Cerutti, Mauro Masiero, Davide Pettenella, Nicola Andrighetto and Tim Dawson CONTENTS 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 Species, Markets and Trade Patterns of Wood Products 38 3.2.1 Species Rarity, Value and Illegality 38 3.2.2 Domestic, Regional and Global Wood Products Markets and Supply Chains 38 3.2.3 Global Trade Patterns of Wood Products 40 3.2.4 Major Producers and Importers of Tropical Timber 41 3.2.5 Financial Flows Associated with Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade 42 3.3 Existing Estimates on Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade 43 3.3.1 Estimation Methods 43 3.3.2 Existing Estimates and their Comparisons 43 3.4 Following the Trade Data 46 3.4.1 Recent Trends in International Trade Flows of Illegal Wood Products 46 3.4.2 New Developments in Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade 51 3.5 Conclusions 52 References 54 Appendices 56 Appendix 3.1 Methods for Estimating Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade 56 Appendix 3.2 Country Codes Used in Figure 3.4 58 37 3 QUANTIFYING ILLEGAL LOGGING AND RELATED TIMBER TRADE 3.1. Introduction This phenomenon coupled with illegal activities can create a vicious cycle among value, rarity (scarcity) and Understanding the magnitude of illegal logging and re- illegality (see Figure 3.1). Many rare and endangered tree lated timber trade as well as illegal trade flows is criti- species have higher economic values than others because cal to addressing the problem.
  • 2021 Directory of Wildland Fire Management Personnel

    2021 Directory of Wildland Fire Management Personnel

    2021 DIRECTORY OF WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL April 1, 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Forest Fire Centres ....................................................................................................................................... i Provincial / Territorial Warehouses ............................................................................................................ ii Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre (CIFFC) .................................................................................... 1 CIFFC Working Groups / Communities of Practice ................................................................................... 1 Forest Fire Management Agencies British Columbia ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Yukon ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Alberta ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Northwest Territories................................................................................................................................. 5 Saskatchewan .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Manitoba ..................................................................................................................................................
  • Georgia Forestry Laws

    Georgia Forestry Laws

    GEORGIA FORESTRY LAWS 1 GEORGIA FORESTRY LAWS – 2021 This material is provided as a courtesy, for general information only. Legal information can, and often does, change rapidly. The Georgia Forestry Commission is not liable for the distribution of out-of-date material. This document is not legal advice and cannot replace legal advice. Current Georgia Statutes and Bills are maintained by the Georgia General Assembly, and can be accessed through their website. 2 CONTENTS TITLE 12 - CHAPTER 6 - ARTICLE 1 FOREST RESOURCES PART 1 STATE FORESTRY COMMISSION 12-6-1. Definitions 12-6-2. Creation of State Forestry Commission; members; terms office; ineligibility of Governor for membership; vacancies; effect of appointment when Senate not in session. 12-6-3. Chairman; reimbursement of members for expenses; meetings 12-6-4. Dismissal of members for failure to attend meetings 12-6-5. Powers and duties of commission generally; volunteer services 12-6-5.1. Legislative findings; reforestation incentives program authorized; powers of commission 12-6-6. Management, conservation, and protection of forest lands; sale of forest products from land managed by commission; production and sale of seedlings 12-6-7. Federal financial aid -- Participation in rural fire prevention and control program; contributions by counties and fire departments 12-6-8. Federal financial aid -- Expenditure of funds for forest farming and marketing of forest products 12-6-9. Acquisition of land; gifts of land for use as lookout tower sites; abandoned tower sites; improvements on land subject to reversionary clause 12-6-10. Reports to General Assembly 12-6-11. Director -- Appointment; qualifications; salary; reimbursement for expenses; term 12-6-12.
  • A Brief Historical Perspective of Urban Forests in Canada As Published in Histoires Forestières Du Québec, Hiver 2015 Vol

    A Brief Historical Perspective of Urban Forests in Canada As Published in Histoires Forestières Du Québec, Hiver 2015 Vol

    Urban Forest Series, Volume I A Brief Historical Perspective of Urban Forests in Canada As published in Histoires forestières du Québec, Hiver 2015 Vol. 7, No 1, Pages 27-32 Michael Rosen, R.P.F. President, Tree Canada Introduction In recent years, a greater amount of interest has been in expressed in urban forests – partly as a result of increasing urbanization but also due to new threats including the invasive insect, emerald ash borer. This history reveals much about the country itself - the reluctance to move past the image of “hewers of wood” has made urban forestry a young “specialty field” within forestry in Canada. According to Dean (2015), European urban forests with their long lines of identical trees speak of the human control of na- ture while in North America, rows of street trees served to tame the wilderness as muddy frontier roads were “brought into line”. Others point to the “democratization of the automobile, densification, climate change and invasive insects” as powerful North American themes which pose the greatest threat to urban forests (Lévesque, 2014, p 6). Urban forests in Canada have been dominated by three themes: superficial support by the provincial and federal governments, individuals’ commitment to developing urban forests of excellence, and awareness and action fueled by natural disaster. Canada – the Urban People in a Forest Nation The world looks to Canada as a forest leader – and with good reason. With 417.6 million ha of forest (10% of the world) Canada leads in many of the standard, industrial forestry measures: “timber-pro- ductive forest land”, “allowable annual cut”, “area burned by forest fire”, and “area of certified forest”.
  • Wood Production - Argentina 2013 Report Categories: Wood Products Approved By: Melinda Sallyards Prepared By: Mariana Prosperi

    Wood Production - Argentina 2013 Report Categories: Wood Products Approved By: Melinda Sallyards Prepared By: Mariana Prosperi

    THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 7/2/2013 GAIN Report Number: Argentina Post: Buenos Aires Wood Production - Argentina 2013 Report Categories: Wood Products Approved By: Melinda Sallyards Prepared By: Mariana Prosperi Report Highlights: Forestry development in Argentina is significant, since this country produces 10 million tons of wood every year. Due to lack of infrastructure and lack of investments in the sector, production exceeds the industry capacity. Therefore, much of the wood is finally used as charcoal instead of being modified into value-added products. There are opportunities for U.S. wood products in specific areas, such as construction and furniture. Executive Summary: A vast amount of land, ideal weather, rich soil, and species diversity, make Argentina a very competitive country in the forestry sector. According to information provided by the Forestry Division from the Ministry of Agriculture, Argentina has 1.2 million hectares of cultivated forests, of which 80 percent are located in the Mesopotamia Region, which include Misiones, Corrientes, and Entre Ríos Provinces. The most important species cultivated in the country are pines and eucalyptus. Moreover, 32 million hectares correspond to native forest, with 90 different species. Forestry development is significant, since Argentina produces 10 million tons of wood every year. Due to lack of infrastructure and lack of investments in the sector, production exceeds the industry capacity. Much of the wood is used as charcoal instead of used as value-added products. The Argentine government encourages forestry production with programs, subsidies, and grants, but the absence of national policies and long-term plans has a negative impact on the development of the forestry sector in Argentina.
  • Biochar Use in Forestry and Tree-Based Agro-Ecosystems For

    Biochar Use in Forestry and Tree-Based Agro-Ecosystems For

    This article was downloaded by: [University of Wyoming Libraries] On: 05 October 2013, At: 12:33 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tsdw20 Biochar use in forestry and tree-based agro- ecosystems for increasing climate change mitigation and adaptation Ilan Stavi a a Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Ketura, 88840, Israel Published online: 06 Mar 2013. To cite this article: Ilan Stavi (2013) Biochar use in forestry and tree-based agro-ecosystems for increasing climate change mitigation and adaptation, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 20:2, 166-181, DOI: 10.1080/13504509.2013.773466 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2013.773466 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
  • Recent Impacts of Drought on Aspen and White Spruce Forests in Western Canada

    Recent Impacts of Drought on Aspen and White Spruce Forests in Western Canada

    Recent impacts of drought on aspen and white spruce forests in western Canada E.H. (Ted) Hogg and Michael Michaelian Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320-122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 110th CIF-IFC Conference and AGM Grande Prairie, Edmonton, September 19, 2018 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2017 1 Team members, collaborators & acknowledgments CIPHA research team Field & laboratory assistance Jim Hammond Ray Fidler Pam Melnick Ted Hogg (NoFC) Rick Hurdle Michelle Filiatrault Ryan Raypold Mike Michaelian (NoFC) Al Keizer Cathryn Hale Erin Van Overloop Trisha Hook (NoFC) Brad Tomm Bonny Hood Martin Robillard Mike Undershultz (Alberta AF) Jim Weber Tom Hutchinson Dan Rowlinson and others Devon Belanger Crystal Ionson Mark Schweitzer Marc Berube Amy Irvine Dominic Senechal Collaborators Natacha Bissonnette Oksana Izio Jessica Snedden Sarah Breen Angela Johnson Joey Tanney Lindsay Bunn Devin Letourneau Ryan Tew Craig Allen (USGS) Laura Chittick Jen MacCormick Bill van Egteren Alan Barr (Environment Canada) Brian Christensen Chelsea Martin Bryan Vroom Pierre Bernier (LFC) Owen Cook Sarah Martin Cedar Welsh Andy Black (UBC) Andrea Durand Lindsay McCoubrey Caroline Whitehouse Scott Goetz (NAU-ABoVE) Fraser McKee Dave Wieder Ron Hall (NoFC) and many others Bob Kochtubajda (EC) Funding Werner Kurz (PFC) Canada Climate Change Action Fund Vic Lieffers (U of Alberta) Program of Energy Research and Development