DOCSLIB.ORG

The Digital Scholar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Digital Scholar The Digital Scholar How Technology Is Transforming Scholarly Practice Martin Weller BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC First published in 2011 by Bloomsbury Academic an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 36 Soho Square, LondonWiD3QY, UK and 175 Fifth Avenue, NewYork, NY 10010, USA Copyright © Martin Weller 2011 This work is published subject to a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher. For permission to publish commercial versions please contact Bloomsbury Academic CIP records for this book are available from the British Library and the Library of Congress ISBN 978-1-84966-497-4 (hardback) ISBN 978-1-84966-617-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-84966-625-1 (ebook) Visit http://bloomsburyacademic.com/ to find out more about our authors and their books. You will find extracts, author interviews, author events and you can sign up for newsletters to be the first to hear about our latest releases and special offers. Coverimage: © PeterPhoto123/Shutterstock To Ellen While industries such as music, newspapers, film and publishing have seen radical changes in their business models and practices as a direct result of new technologies, higher education has so far resisted the wholesale changes we have seen elsewhere. However, a gradual and fundamental shift in the practice of academics is taking place. Every aspect of scholarly practice is seeing changes effected by the adoption and possibilities of new technologies. This book will explore these changes, their implications for higher education, the possibilities for new forms of scholarly practice and what lessons can be drawn from other sectors. Table of Contents The Digital Scholar Table of Contents Acknowledgements 1. Digital, Networked and Open 1.1. A tale of two books 1.2. What is digital scholarship? 1.3. Digital, networked and open 1.4. Fast, cheap and out of control 1.5. Technology determinism 1.6. The structure of this book 2. Is the Revolution Justified? 2.1. The net generation 2.2. Context 2.3. Lack of relevance 2.4. Different attitudes 2.5. Overestimating skills 2.6. Seeing difference where there is none 2.7. People are learning in different ways 2.8. Meeting unmet needs of learners 2.9. Open education 2.10. Lessons from other sectors 2.11. Conclusions from the evidence 2.12. An appropriate response 2.13. Conclusion 3. Lessons from Other Sectors 3.1. The newspaper industry 3.2. The music industry 3.3. Ownership and identity 3.4. Boundary wars 3.5. A component analysis 3.6. Conclusion 4. The Nature of Scholarship 4.1. Scholarship 4.2. Digital scholarship revisited 4.3. Conclusion 5. Researchers and New Technology 5.1. The current state 5.2. A networked research cycle 5.3. Themes 5.4. Conclusion 6. Interdisciplinarity and Permeable Boundaries 6.1. Interdisciplinarity 6.2. The potential of technology 6.3. Twitter as interdisciplinary network 6.4. Conclusion 7. Public Engagement as Collateral Damage 7.1. Public engagement 7.2. A long-tail content production system 7.3. Frictionless broadcasting 7.4. Conclusion 8. A Pedagogy of Abundance 8.1. Economics of abundance and scarcity 8.2. Education and abundance 8.3. Possible pedagogies 8.4. Conclusion 9. Openness in Education 9.1. The changing nature of openness 9.2. Digital and networked 9.3. Open education as a ‘movement’ 9.4. Open educational resources 9.5. Open courses 9.6. Conclusion 10. Network Weather 10.1. Network weather 10.2. Remote participation 10.3. Backchannel 10.4. Amplified events 10.5. Socialisation 10.6. Changing formats 10.7. Case study – the Open University conference 10.8. Conclusion 11. Reward and Tenure 11.1. The tenure process 11.2. The digital scholarship barriers 11.3. Recognising digital scholarship 11.4. Conclusion 12. Publishing 12.1. The academic publishing business 12.2. Open access publishing 12.3. The advantages of open access 12.4. Reimagining publishing 12.5. Conclusion 13. The Medals of Our Defeats 13.1. Avoiding extremism 13.2. Superficiality 13.3. Quality 13.4. Brain damage 13.5. Forgetting and identity 13.6. Next-big-thingism 13.7. Property and ownership 13.8. Sustainability 13.9. Conclusion 14. Digital Resilience 14.1. Techno-angst 14.2. A failure of ownership 14.3. Levels of engagement 14.4. Resilience 14.5. Room for disruption 14.6. Conclusion References Acknowledgements This book has grown out of a number of converging projects and interests, some of these related to my institution, the Open University (OU), some from research and others from my online network. In my workplace at the Institute of Educational Technology at the OU, there are a number of colleagues who I have worked with on various projects and talked through many of the issues in this book. These include Patrick McAndrew, Grainne Conole, Eileen Scanlon, Doug Clow, Nick Pearce, Josie Taylor, Will Woods, Sam Kinsley and Karen Cropper amongst many others. Elsewhere in the OU, Tony Hirst has acted as my archetype for a digital scholar, and John Naughton showed me the power of blogging before they were even called blogs. I'd also like to express my gratitude to all the colleagues who have patiently attended workshops where I have worked through these ideas and the various senior managers who have indulged half-baked project plans and supported the writing of this book. My online network features far too many people to list, and I fear I will offend people by not including them, but it would be remiss of me not to highlight the influence of early bloggers and online contributors, including Alan Cann, George Siemens, Josie Fraser, Scott Leslie, Brian Lamb, Brian Kelly, Alan Levine and Jim Groom. I am aware that evenings when I should have been giving my family my full attention were occupied with writing, or ‘playing with stuff’, so thank you to my wife and daughter for allowing me to get on with it. But most of all, my thanks go to all those who constitute my network, who, on a daily basis, share resources, thoughts, links, insights and poor jokes and thus enrich my professional and personal life. 1. Digital, Networked and Open ‘Dad, you know that book you're writing, what's it about?’ my daughter asked, as I walked her to school. The ‘elevator pitch’ is always difficult for academics, who prefer to take their time to explain things in depth and give all sides to an argument. An elevator pitch for a nine-year-old is almost impossible. ‘Well,’ I pondered, ‘it's about how using technology like the Internet, dad's blog, and Wikipedia is changing the way people like daddy work.’ Having recently completed a school project, she was well acquainted with Wikipedia. She considered this and then concluded, ‘da-aaaaad, no one's going to want to read that!’ I fear she may be right, but I realised I have been writing this book for the past four years, mainly through my blog, which I have been using to explore what the advent of technologies, which offer new ways of communicating, collaborating and creating knowledge, mean for higher education. I figured if it had kept me interested for this long, it might be useful to share some of that with others. 1.1. A tale of two books So what are these new ways of working that I had hinted at to my daughter? I'll start with an example that is in your hands now – the process of writing this book. Six years ago I wrote my last book, and halfway through writing this, I thought I'd compare the two processes. Below is a list of some of the tools and resources I used to write this book: Books – they were accessed via the library but increasingly as e-books, and one audiobook. E-journals – my university library has access to a wide range of databases, but I also made frequent use of others through tools such as Google Scholar and Mendeley. Delicious/social bookmarking – as well as searching for key terms I would ‘forage’ in the bookmarks of people I know and trust, who make their collections available. Blogs – I subscribe to more than 100 blogs in Google Reader, which I try to read regularly, but in addition I have cited and used many posts from other blogs. YouTube, Wikipedia, Slideshare, Scribd, Cloudworks and other sites – text is not the only medium for sharing now, and for certain subjects these ‘Web 2.0’ services offer useful starting points, or overviews, as well as insightful comment. My own blog – I have kept a blog for around five years now, and it provided a useful resource for items I have commented on and drafts of sections of this book. I also keep a scrapbook-type blog using Tumblr where I post any interesting links or multimedia and revisited this for resources I had harvested over the past few years. The blog was also a means of posting draft content to gain comments and feedback, which could then be incorporated into further iterations of writing. Social network – my Twitter network is especially useful for gaining feedback, asking for suggestions and, on a daily basis, as a filter and collection mechanism for sharing resources. Work and personal network – undoubtedly working in an intellectually lively environment and having face-to-face discussions with colleagues have been invaluable. Google alerts – I have set up alerts for a few key phrases which would then provide me with daily email updates on new content containing these keywords. This allowed me to find new resources, track conversations and stay abreast of a field which was changing as I wrote the book.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Progress Update July 2011
    PUBLIC LIBRARY of SCIENCE PUBLIC LIBRARY of SCIENCE www.plos.org 3URJUHVV8SGDWH 2010 Progress Update July 2011 www.plos.org Welcome to the 2010 PLoS Progress Update, aimed at keeping our authors, reviewers, editors, and supporters fully apprised of developments at PLoS over our most recent Highlights year. You can sign up to read future updates here. If you would like 1. Message from a fuller historical picture of how far we’ve come, you can read the the Founders 2009 Progress Update and the first full Progress Report. 2. Publishing Initiatives 3. Influential 1. Message from the Founders Research 4. A Growing It’s been another exciting year for PLoS, focused on establishing more open, Organization efficient, and effective ways to accelerate progress in science and medicine 5. The Evolving and leading a transformation in research communication. Open Access Landscape PLoS reached a truly significant milestone in 2010 when, seven years 6. The First PLoS after entering the publishing business, our annual operating revenues Forum exceeded expenses for the first time. Although we are delighted that PLoS and others have now shown that Open Access (OA) is a viable and 7. Customer Service sustainable business model, we have a long way to go before universal 8. Financial Summary access is achieved for all. 9. 2011 and Beyond The significant progress that we’ve made toward this goal could not have 10. Major Support been achieved without the leadership of our co-founder Harold Varmus, in 2010 who announced during the year that he was stepping aside as Chairman 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Production in the PLOS Journals Sibele Fausto*, Rogério Mugnaini**
    Beyond traditional metrics at the University of São Paulo: scientific production in the PLOS journals Sibele Fausto*, Rogério Mugnaini** *[email protected], **[email protected] Escola de Comunicações e Artes, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lúcio M. Rodrigues, 443, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05608-020 (Brazil) INTRODUCTION In the evolution of the Open Access Movement, there have been pioneering initiatives to provide free and open access to published scientific content, such as the creation of the BioMed Central (BMC) and the Public Library of Science (PLOS) in early 2000. These set out a new funding model for journals where the liability for publishing costs is transferred from the readers to the authors. The PLOS was also innovative since it led to the creation of Article-Level Metrics - ALM (Fenner & Lin, 2013) and expanded by issuing a series of new titles - PLOS Biology in 2003; PLOS Medicine in 2004, PLOS Computational Biology, PLOS Genetics and PLOS Pathogens in 2005, PLOS ONE in 2006 and more recently PLOS Currents. As a result, today the set of PLOS journals is widely recognized and prestigious. Recently (on June 18, 2013), PLOS introduced a new search engine - PLOS-ALM Reports (http://almreports.plos.org/) (Allen, 2013) which allows more detailed investigations to be carried out in all the PLOS journals showing consolidated alternative measures of visibility and impact earned by published articles. Since the University of São Paulo is considered to be "Brazil's leading academic institution in research and graduate education" (Schwartzman, 2006), this study is an attempt to find evidence of the USP performance that goes beyond traditional metrics, by using the alternative indicators provided by PLOS-ALM and making a comparison with other articles in the PLOS journals that come from Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • OPENING PANDORA's BOX David Cameron's Referendum Gamble On
    OPENING PANDORA’S BOX David Cameron’s Referendum Gamble on EU Membership Credit: The Economist. By Christina Hull Yale University Department of Political Science Adviser: Jolyon Howorth April 21, 2014 Abstract This essay examines the driving factors behind UK Prime Minister David Cameron’s decision to call a referendum if the Conservative Party is re-elected in 2015. It addresses the persistence of Euroskepticism in the United Kingdom and the tendency of Euroskeptics to generate intra-party conflict that often has dire consequences for Prime Ministers. Through an analysis of the relative impact of political strategy, the power of the media, and British public opinion, the essay argues that addressing party management and electoral concerns has been the primary influence on David Cameron’s decision and contends that Cameron has unwittingly unleashed a Pandora’s box that could pave the way for a British exit from the European Union. Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank the Bates Summer Research Fellowship, without which I would not have had the opportunity to complete my research in London. To Professor Peter Swenson and the members of The Senior Colloquium, Gabe Botelho, Josh Kalla, Gabe Levine, Mary Shi, and Joel Sircus, who provided excellent advice and criticism. To Professor David Cameron, without whom I never would have discovered my interest in European politics. To David Fayngor, who flew halfway across the world to keep me company during my summer research. To my mom for her unwavering support and my dad for his careful proofreading. And finally, to my adviser Professor Jolyon Howorth, who worked with me on this project for over a year and a half.
    [Show full text]
  • 48 Free Social Media Monitoring Tools | Dreamgrow Social Media
    DreamGrow Social Media Your Source of Social Media Marketing Information Free Facebook Page Evaluation Our Clients Social Media Marketing Services Speaking & Training About DreamGrow Facebook Account Avail Great Discounts on All Brands Register Free to get 80% Off Now! FashionandYou.com/Register-Now JomSocial Get Your Own Social Network with 4000+ of Joomla Extensions www.JomSocial.com Jet Airways Airfare Deals World-Class Service At Affordable Price. Book Jet Airways Konnect! www.JetAirways.com/Konnect_Service 48 Free Social Media Monitoring Tools Author: Priit Kallas | Filed under: Facebook , Social media , Tools , Twitter | Tags: Buzz Monitoring , Digg , Facebook , facebook monitoring tool , facebook monitoring tools , forum monitoring , free social media monitoring , free social media monitoring tools , free social media tracking , Google alerts , message board tracking , social media Monitoring , social media monitoring tools , social media tools , social media trends , Social Web Analytics , Twitter monitoring , twitter tools | 23 Comments » If you want to know what’s happening in the social web you need monitoring tools. Before you get out your credit card and start to spend money try out some of the free social 412 109 media monitoring services . This way you get a taste of what is available and if you need Like paid services. I have collected 48 free social media monitoring tools. In the Group A are the services that I use regularly or seem interesting to check out immediately. The Group B is an alphabetical list of tools for you to play with. Here we go: Group A Seesmic Twitter account: seesmic Seesmic is a suite of social media management and collaboration tools that provide everything to build their brands online.
    [Show full text]
  • Failing Gloriously and Other Essays
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons The Digital Press at the University of North Digital Press Books Dakota 2019 Failing Gloriously and Other Essays Shawn Graham Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/press-books Recommended Citation Graham, Shawn, "Failing Gloriously and Other Essays" (2019). Digital Press Books. 15. https://commons.und.edu/press-books/15 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the The Digital Press at the University of North Dakota at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Digital Press Books by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FAILIGN FAIILNG FAILING GLORIOUSLY FLAIING FALIGIN >And other essays > > > > > > > > >Shawn Graham Failing Gloriously and Other Essays by Shawn Graham with an introduction by Eric C. Kansa and an afterword by Neha Gupta The Digital Press at the University of North Dakota Grand Forks, ND 2019. The Digital Press at the University of North Dakota Unless otherwise indicated, all contributions to this volume appear under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Library of Congress Control Number: 2019953926 ISBN-13: 978-1-7328410-6-2 (ebook) ISBN-13: 978-1-7328410-8-6 (Paperback) Failing Gloriously and Other Essays This volume is dedicated firstly to the students in the welding program at Pontiac High in Shawville, Quebec, and secondly to those who gave me the benefit of the doubt when
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Reinfection by Dengue: a Network Approach Using Data from Mexico
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/475137; this version posted November 23, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Regional reinfection by Dengue: a network approach using data from Mexico Mayra N´u~nez-L´opeza;∗, Luis Alarc´on-Ramosb, and Jorge X. Velasco-Hern´andezc aDepartamento de Matem´aticas Aplicadas, ITAM R´ıoHondo 1, CDMX 01080, M´exico bDepartamento de Matem´aticas Aplicadas y Sistemas, UAM-Cuajimalpa, Av.Vasco de Quiroga 4871, CDMX 05300, M´exico and cInstituto de Matem´aticas, UNAM-Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001, Quer´etaro, 76230, M´exico Most of the recent epidemic outbreaks in the world have a strong immigration component as a trigger rather than the dynamics implied by the basic reproduction number. In this work we present and discuss an approach to the problem of pathogen reinfections in a given area that associates people mobility and transmission of dengue, using a Markov-chain Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) metapopulation model over a network. Our model postulates a parameter that we have named the effective inoculum size which represents a local measure of the population size of infected hosts that arrive at a given location as a function of population size, current incidence at neighboring locations and the connectivity of the patches. This parameter can be interpreted as an indicator of outbreak risk of any location.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey Report
    R YouGov / Daily Telegraph Survey Results YouGov Sample Size: 1926 Fieldwork: 25th - 27th March 2008 For detailed results, click here % Headline Voting Intention Con 43 Lab 29 Lib Dem 17 Other 11 Other Parties Voting Intention SNP / PCY 3 Green 2 UKIP 3 BNP 3 Respect 0 Other 1 Non Voters Would Not Vote 8 Don't know 14 Do you approve or disapprove of the Government’s record to date? Approve 21 Disapprove 64 Don’t know 16 Which of these would make the best Prime Minister? Gordon Brown 24 David Cameron 32 Nick Clegg 7 Don’t know 37 Are you satisfied or dissatisfied with Gordon Brown as Prime Minister? Satisfied 23 Dissatisfied 63 Don’t know 14 Do you think that David Cameron is or is not proving a good leader of the Conservative Party? Is proving a good leader 44 Is not proving a good leader 34 Don’t know 23 If you had to choose which would you prefer to see after the next election a Conservative government led by David Cameron or a Labour government led by Gordon Brown? Conservative government led by David Cameron 47 Labour government led by Gordon Brown 35 Don’t know 19 1 © 2008 YouGov plc. All Rights Reserved www.yougov.com R % YouGov Suppose a Conservative Government were formed under David Cameron which of these three statements would come nearest your own reaction? I would be delighted 22 I would be dismayed 32 I wouldn’t mind 33 Don’t know 13 Which party do you think is more likely to run Britain’s economy well – the Conservatives or the Labour Party? Conservative 35 Labour 27 Neither 27 Don’t know 12 Do you think that Alistair Darling is doing a good job or a bad job as Chancellor of the Exchequer? A good job 14 A bad job 56 Don’t know 30 How do you think the financial situation of your household will change over the next 12 months? Get a lot better 2 Get a little better 10 Stay the same 20 Get a little worse 40 Get a lot worse 24 Don’t know 4 A lot of people at the moment are critical of the overall performance of Gordon Brown and the Labour Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Thecoalition
    The Coalition Voters, Parties and Institutions Welcome to this interactive pdf version of The Coalition: Voters, Parties and Institutions Please note that in order to view this pdf as intended and to take full advantage of the interactive functions, we strongly recommend you open this document in Adobe Acrobat. Adobe Acrobat Reader is free to download and you can do so from the Adobe website (click to open webpage). Navigation • Each page includes a navigation bar with buttons to view the previous and next pages, along with a button to return to the contents page at any time • You can click on any of the titles on the contents page to take you directly to each article Figures • To examine any of the figures in more detail, you can click on the + button beside each figure to open a magnified view. You can also click on the diagram itself. To return to the full page view, click on the - button Weblinks and email addresses • All web links and email addresses are live links - you can click on them to open a website or new email <>contents The Coalition: Voters, Parties and Institutions Edited by: Hussein Kassim Charles Clarke Catherine Haddon <>contents Published 2012 Commissioned by School of Political, Social and International Studies University of East Anglia Norwich Design by Woolf Designs (www.woolfdesigns.co.uk) <>contents Introduction 03 The Coalition: Voters, Parties and Institutions Introduction The formation of the Conservative-Liberal In his opening paper, Bob Worcester discusses Democratic administration in May 2010 was a public opinion and support for the parties in major political event.
    [Show full text]
  • Where Next for the Liberal Democrats?
    Where next for the Liberal Democrats? Tim Bale Aron Cheung Alan Wager It has, to put it mildly, been a difficult twelve months for the Liberal Democrats. A year ago this week, polling conducted by YouGov and Ipsos Mori showed their support at 20% – a level the party had not enjoyed since they’d entered their ill-fated coalition with the Conservatives in the spring of 2010. Nine long years later, they were daring to dream once again: could it be that, under Jo Swinson, we would soon see the UK’s electoral map coloured with the same amount of Lib Dem yellow that Charles Kennedy and, latterly, Nick Clegg had once achieved? The answer, of course, was no. The general election that followed was a not just an electoral disappointment but a disaster – so much so that Swinson herself lost her seat. Not only that, but the party’s main policy aim – to reverse the Brexit decision – lay in tatters. Yet, despite these setbacks, the new electoral geography of the post-Brexit era brings with it challenges but also opportunities for the Liberal Democrats – existential questions but also, if they can exploit their new electoral coalition, some potential answers. This short paper hopes to set all this out just as ballots open for the party’s new leader. Putting the 2019 result in historical context The eleven seats the Liberal Democrats won in December 2019 may have represented a slight decline on the dozen the party achieved in 2017 under Tim Farron; but they also represented a near-halving of the 21 which, following multiple defections, the party went into the general election defending.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Media Time Management Strategies for Tackling Information Overload Getting Organized
    Social Media Time Management Strategies for Tackling Information Overload Getting Organized Information overload is real, but it’s something that’s in your control. Managing your time in social media is first and foremost about deciding where to spend your time and why, and that requires a little bit of organization to start with. What Are You In This For? If your goal is to be engaged in social media for pleasure or just for personal connections, your approach is rather simple. You’ll choose the tools and sites where you find folks with common interests, and you’ll tuck the time in out- side your other responsibilities. But if you’re in this for business, at least in part, you’re going to need to think through some clearer goals than that Here are five sets of questions to ask yourself: 1) Realistically, how many hours do I have to spend in social media each day? Do I have resources/people other than me? What can I expect of them? (Note: if you’re serious about doing social, you need to find an hour a day to start with, at least.) 2) Which 2 or 3 tools and social networks make sense based on my listening efforts? What is my goal for participa- tion on those sites? What is the culture of those communities and how will my participation line up with that? 3) Have we evaluated our current online and offline communication efforts to determine what’s working and what we might supplement or replace with social media? Am I going to need to add this on to my existing responsibilities in order to prove its value before making trade-offs? 4) Has our leadership bought into this idea already, or am I establishing a presence so I can build a stronger case? Is time I spend on social media going to be viewed as an investment or a time sink? How do I make the case for the former? 5) What does success look like? How about failure? How can I measure both, even simplistically? (Hint: Objectives you can’t measure against are going to be really hard to celebrate or adjust, since you won’t know how you did either way).
    [Show full text]
  • Nivedini-Journal on Gender Studies
    NIVEDINI JOURNAL OF GENDER STUDIES ISSN 2478-1002 | Volume 20 | December 2014/2015 Women’s Education and Research Centre Sri Lanka Scope and Vision of Nivedini-the Journal of Gender Studies Nivedini is the only English Journal to focus on Women Studies in Sri Lanka. Its feminist perspective aims to debate and discuss new ideas both in theory and practice. In addition to serving as a resource for academics, it also establishes guidelines for policy makers. Nivedini embraces a multidisciplinary approach, while retaining an intellectual rigor and factual accuracy in a simple style. It expects the contributors to define and explain technical terms and acronyms properly. Nivedini envisages issues on gender related subjects such as media, labour, culture and sexuality from a post disciplinary perspective. The journal also contains sections that encourage debate, as well as reviews of conferences, journals, books and films. The journal welcomes submissions in all disciplines and is especially interested in paper/articles written from an interdisciplinary approach to gender issues which focuses on new directions, ideas and modes of inquiry to reinvigorate studies for a new generation of researchers and readers. Topics covered include studies of gender related to: • Sexuality with its various conceptions of differences • Production and reception of meaning and knowledge. • Cultural institutions, practices, policies and powers. • Technology, change, development and globalisation in media and culture. • Convergences between intellectual, popular and corporate culture. • Cultural studies of neglected regions or areas of inquiry. • Debate on the adequacy and future of various disciplinary traditions, methods and topics in cultural studies. NIVEDINI JOURNAL OF GENDER STUDIES Women’s Education and Research Centre Sri Lanka iv © 2015 Women’s Education and Research Centre (WERC) ISSN 2478-1002 No part of this journal may be reproduced without permission from the publisher, except for review purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • The a to Z of Social Media
    FACT SHEET 4 THE A TO Z OF SOCIAL MEDIA A Blogroll: a list of sites displayed in the sidebar of blog, showing which other blogs the blog-owner AddThis: a social bookmarking service that provides reads regularly. a code users can put on their websites so that when people visit that site, they have the option to share BoardReader: a free search engine that allows users via Facebook, Twitter, etc. Its analytics service can to search for keywords only in posts and titles of show you which pages are trending, where people are online forums. interacting with your brand, and what they’re saying about your content on Twitter. Boxee: a social video application that allows users to watch online videos on their TVs and computers. Algorithm: a set of formulas developed for a computer Users can share and watch videos from a variety of to perform a certain function. This is important in the online videos sources for free. social sphere as the algorithms sites like Facebook and Google use are critical for developing content- Bookmarking: allows you to mark something you sharing strategies. found important, enjoyed, or where you left off to continue reading later. Bookmarking is made possible Application Programming Interface (API): a via online services such as Delicious. documented interface that allows one software application to interact with another application. An example of this is the Twitter API. C Avatar: an image or user name that represents a person online within forums and social networks. Chat: refers to any kind of communication over the Internet but traditionally refers to one-to-one communication through a text-based chat application B commonly referred to as instant messaging applications.
    [Show full text]