DOCSLIB.ORG

Downstream Effects of Glaciers on Stream Water Quality, Mt. Hood, Oregon and Mt

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Downstream Effects of Glaciers on Stream Water Quality, Mt. Hood, Oregon and Mt Downstream Effects of Glaciers on Stream Water Quality, Mt. Hood, Oregon and Mt. Rainier, Washington JANICE A. DOUGALL, DR. ANDREW G. FOUNTAIN Department of Geography, PortlaPortlandnd State University,University, Portland, OrOregon,egon, 97207 ………… Introduction Methods Electrical Conductivity Previous studies have shown that basins with partial glacier cover have less summer discharge variability Field data Measure temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, and collect suspended sediment, and Electrical conductivity (specific conductance) is low in both glacial and non-glacial headwaters, and than non glacial basins due to increased melt during otherwise warm, dry periods ( e.g. Fountain and ion samples during late-summer on cloud-free days. increases with distance, but varies by stream. The lowest measures of specific conductance were found Walder 1998). Other studies addressed glacier effects on water quality in the proglacial plain (e.g. • Data loggers recorded temperature every 15 minutes over a period of days. among glacial streams. Runoff from the two smallest glaciers studied, Palmer and White rivers, had the Gurnell 1982, Uehlinger et al. 2003). However, few studies consider distant downstream effects of • Teams of 3 or 4 people measured conductivity and turbidity and sampled for suspended sediments lowest conductivities observed (<10μS cm-1). Runoff from larger glaciers, Emmons and Eliot, had glaciers on water quality. Glacial meltwater is characterized by low temperatures, low concentrations of hourly for between 6 and 24 hours specific conductance values >20μS cm-1 close to the glaciers. soluble ions, high suspended sediment concentrations, and high turbidity (Milner and Petts 1994).These • Samples were collected along streams in a Lagrangian fashion and included suspended sediment and qualities differ significantly between glacial and non-glacial streams. I hypothesize that the rate of change ionic concentration and testing for temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity. Electrical conductivity remained low in Palmer runoff, the Salmon River, to great distances, while some of these variables with distance from the glacier will scale with fraction of glacier cover relative to Statistical Analysis non-glacial streams in agricultural settings had much higher conductivity. watershed area. As glaciers recede, the reach and magnitude of these characteristics will also shrink. 1. To determine whether stream distance normalized by glacier size, L*, can be used to describe the decay of water quality variables with distance from glaciers. To test L* we ran least squares Specific Conductance vs L* regressions of water quality variables over L*, and compared the results to regressions against stream Specific Conductance vs L* Specific Conductance vs L* Specific Conductance vs L* 120 length, and basins’ fractional glacier coverage. 120 160 160 2. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was applied to determine the stream distance to which 100 White_Rainier 140 100 White_Rainier 140 White_Rainier Nisqually_R White_Rainier Nisqually_R glacial streams differ significantly from non-glacial streams. Data were ordered from least to greatest L* 120 Nisqually_R 80 Eliot/Hood_Hood 120 Nisqually_R 80 Eliot/Hood_Hood Eliot/Hood_Hood White_Hood value, then water quality values were compared in blocks beginning with the greatest L* value, and 100 Eliot/Hood_Hood White_Hood 100 White_Hood 60 Palmer/Salmon_Hood White_Hood 60 Palmer/Salmon_Hood 80 Palmer/Salmon_Hood All but Sandy including those for smaller and smaller L* values until the sets were significantly different (p>0.05). This 80 Palmer/Salmon_Hood All but Sandy All but Sandy 40 Non-Glacial* 60 All but Sandy 40 Non-Glacial* 60 Non-Glacial* Log. (Non-Glacial*) was repeated beginning with L*<100, L*<50 and L*<25 in order to find the range of L* values at which Non-Glacial* Log. (Non-Glacial*) 40 Log. (All but Sandy) 20 Log. (All but Sandy) 40 Log. (All but Sandy) Specific Conductance (uS/cm) 20 Log. (All but Sandy) Log. (Non-Glacial*) Specific Conductance (uS/cm) water quality variables became indistinguishable from non-glacial water. Specific (uS/cm) Conductance Log. (Non-Glacial*) Specific (uS/cm) Conductance 20 20 0 0 0 0246810 0 0246810 0 20406080100 L* 0 20406080100 L* L* L* Average Stream Temperature Average Stream Temperature compared with L* Results compared with L* 25 Mt. Rainier 25 White_R Stream Distance Normalized by Glacier Area 20 White_R Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) 20 Nisqually_R White River (Emmons Glacier) Nisqually_R Santiam_J Santiam_J 15 Eliot/Hood_H 15 Eliot/Hood_H Nisqually River (Nisqually Glacier) Sandy_H 2 Sandy_H Clear SSC differences exist between glacial and non-glacial R values for regressions on glacial data 10 White_H White_H 10 Palmer/Salmon_H Temperature (°C) Temperature Palmer/Salmon_H Temperature (°C) Temperature All Glacial streams, and between different glacial streams (see photo). L* Stream fractional glacier 5 All Glacial 5 Log. (All Glacial) Length cover Log. (All Glacial) 0 Glacial streams generally exhibit high SSC, especially close 0 0 102030405060708090100 0 102030405060708090100 Temperature (Log) 0.8227 0.7739 0.8461 L* L* to the glacier, and non-glacial streams tend to have low Suspended sediment 0.2104 0.4037 0.4063 Suspended Sediment Concentration v L*, semi-Log concentrations. After about L*40, some glacial streams concentration (Power) Suspended Sediment Concentration v L*, semi-Log 10.0000 Specific conductance 0.4143 0.3937 0.5174 10.0000 sediment has settled out and some non-glacial streams have White_R White_R (Log) 1.0000 Nisq_R gained particulates so that SSC is about the same. 1.0000 0102030 Nisq_R 0102030 Eliot_H Eliot_H Specific conductance 0.2828 0.4063 0.4126 Sandy_H Sandy_H 0.1000 White_H 0.1000 White_H (Power) Palmer SSC (mg/L) SSC Palmer SSC (mg/L) SSC All Glacial All Glacial Log. (All Glacial) 0.0100 Log. (All Glacial) Suspended Sediment Concentration v L*, semi-Log 0.0100 Power (All Glacial) Suspended Sediment Concentration v L*, semi-Log Power (All Glacial) Average temperature values were used. Median 0.0010 10.0000 0.0010 10.0000 L* L* suspended sediment concentration and specific White_R White_R Specific Conductance v L* 1.0000 Specific Conductance v L* 1.0000 Nisq_R Mt. Hood conductance were used because of the smaller 0 20406080 Nisq_R 300 0 20406080 Eliot_H 300 Eliot_H 0.1000 Sandy_H sample sizes. Sandy River conductivity was not 250 Sandy_H Eliot Cr., Hood River (Eliot Glacier) 250 White_R 0.1000 White_R White_H Nisqually_R White_H 200 Nisqually_R 200 Eliot/Hood_H Palmer White River (White River Glacier) included in regressions, due to its anomalous Eliot/Hood_H Palmer Sandy_H 0.0100 150 Sandy_H (mg/L) SSC 0.0100 Non-Glacial 150 White_H (mg/L) SSC Non-Glacial White_H Salmon River (Palmer Glacier) behavior. Correlation between L* and fractional Palmer/Salmon_H All Glacial 100 Palmer/Salmon_H All Glacial 100 All but Sandy All but Sandy Log. (All Glacial) Log. (All but Sandy) 0.0010 Log. (All Glacial) 50 Log. (All but Sandy) 0.0010 glacier cover and water quality characteristics (uS/cm) Conductance Specific Power (All Glacial) Sandy River (Sandy Glacier) 50 Tualatin River, (Non-Glacial) (uS/cm)Specific Conductance Power (All Glacial) 0 0 are stronger than stream length and water 0 102030405060 0 102030405060 0.0001 L* 0.0001 L* L* quality characteristics. L* Conclusions Distances to which glacial water quality parameters persist Results indicate that L* is a useful indicator of water quality trends with distance from a glacier. While Temperature fractional glacier cover (instead of L*) provides marginally better correlation, it is not as useful because it Visual inspection of a graph of glacial and non-glacial temperatures does not explicitly account for stream distance. shows that temperatures are distinctly different from non-glacial Suspended sediment concentration appeared to depend more on factors other than glacier size. Little N. Santiam River, (Non-Glacial) streams to about 20 glacier lengths (L*). An analysis using Mann- Whiney U test of the difference of medians revealed statistical Glacial water quality characteristics vary in magnitude along a stream according to glacier size, as can North Santiam R., differences between glacial and non-glacial temperatures to between be seen when temperature is plotted over stream distance and as conductivity at the glacier terminus (one sample, Mt. Jefferson glaciers) 9L* and 12L*, but these included all temperatures beginning with L*0. increases with size. Glacial stream temperatures are significantly different from non-glacial to at least 9- When listed by glacier size, water from larger glaciers stays colder 12 glacial lengths as measured by L*, and probably to at least 20 glacial lengths. longer. As glaciers shrink, the extent to which glacial water quality characteristics persist will likely shrink, too. Possible Limits on Downstream Effects Study Goals Average Stream Temperature Average Glacial Stream Temperature Study Goals Average Stream Temperature Average Glacial Stream Temperature compared with L* compared with Stream Distance References Test whether stream distance normalized by glacier area, 0.8 compared with L* compared with Stream Distance Fountain, A. G. Walder, J. S. 1998. Water flow through temperate glaciers, Reviews of Geophysics, 36: 299-328. 25 16 0.7 25 16 L*, provides a useful measure of stream length for the Glacial Rivers Glacial Rivers 14 Gurnell, A.M. 1982. The dynamics of suspended sediment concentration in an
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Baseline Water Quality Inventory for the Southwest Alaska Inventory and Monitoring Network, Kenai Fjords National Park
    Baseline Water Quality Inventory for the Southwest Alaska Inventory and Monitoring Network, Kenai Fjords National Park Laurel A. Bennett National Park Service Southwest Alaska Inventory and Monitoring Network 240 W. 5th Avenue Anchorage, AK 99501 April 2005 Report Number: NPS/AKRSWAN/NRTR-2005/02 Funding Source: Southwest Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service File Name: BennettL_2005_KEFJ_WQInventory_Final.doc Recommended Citation: Bennett, L. 2005. Baseline Water Quality Inventory for the Southwest Alaska Inventory and Monitoring Network, Kenai Fjords National Park. USDI National Park Service, Anchorage, AK Topic: Inventory Subtopic: Water Theme Keywords: Reports, inventory, freshwater, water quality, core parameters Placename Keywords: Alaska, Kenai Fjords National Park, Southwest Alaska Network, Aialik Bay, McCarty Fjord, Harrison Bay, Two Arm Bay, Northwestern Fjord, Nuka River, Delight Lake Kenai Fjords Water Quality Inventory - SWAN Abstract A reconnaissance level water quality inventory was conducted at Kenai Fjords National Park during May through July of 2004. This project was initiated as part of the National Park Service Vital Signs Inventory and Monitoring Program in an effort to collect water quality data in an area where little work had previously been done. The objectives were to collect baseline information on the physical and chemical characteristics of the water resources, and, where possible, relate basic water quality parameters to fish occurrence. Water temperatures in Kenai Fjords waters generally met the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) regulatory standards for both drinking water and growth and propagation of fish, shellfish, other aquatic life and wildlife. Water temperature standard are less than or equal to 13° C for spawning and egg and fry incubation, or less than or equal to 15° C for rearing and migration (DEC 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • An Esker Group South of Dayton, Ohio 231 JACKSON—Notes on the Aphididae 243 New Books 250 Natural History Survey 250
    The Ohio Naturalist, PUBLISHED BY The Biological Club of the Ohio State University. Volume VIII. JANUARY. 1908. No. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS. SCHEPFEL—An Esker Group South of Dayton, Ohio 231 JACKSON—Notes on the Aphididae 243 New Books 250 Natural History Survey 250 AN ESKER GROUP SOUTH OF DAYTON, OHIO.1 EARL R. SCHEFFEL Contents. Introduction. General Discussion of Eskers. Preliminary Description of Region. Bearing on Archaeology. Topographic Relations. Theories of Origin. Detailed Description of Eskers. Kame Area to the West of Eskers. Studies. Proximity of Eskers. Altitude of These Deposits. Height of Eskers. Composition of Eskers. Reticulation. Rock Weathering. Knolls. Crest-Lines. Economic Importance. Area to the East. Conclusion and Summary. Introduction. This paper has for its object the discussion of an esker group2 south of Dayton, Ohio;3 which group constitutes a part of the first or outer moraine of the Miami Lobe of the Late Wisconsin ice where it forms the east bluff of the Great Miami River south of Dayton.4 1. Given before the Ohio Academy of Science, Nov. 30, 1907, at Oxford, O., repre- senting work performed under the direction of Professor Frank Carney as partial requirement for the Master's Degree. 2. F: G. Clapp, Jour, of Geol., Vol. XII, (1904), pp. 203-210. 3. The writer's attention was first called to the group the past year under the name "Morainic Ridges," by Professor W. B. Werthner, of Steele High School, located in the city mentioned. Professor Werthner stated that Professor August P. Foerste of the same school and himself had spent some time together in the study of this region, but that the field was still clear for inves- tigation and publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Freshwater Resources on Mount Hood National Forest Recommendations for Policy Changes
    PROTECTING FRESHWATER RESOURCES ON MOUNT HOOD NATIONAL FOREST RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POLICY CHANGES Produced by PACIFIC RIVERS COUNCIL Protecting Freshwater Resources on Mount Hood National Forest Pacific Rivers Council January 2013 Fisherman on the Salmon River Acknowledgements This report was produced by John Persell, in partnership with Bark and made possible by funding from The Bullitt Foundation and The Wilburforce Foundation. Pacific Rivers Council thanks the following for providing relevant data and literature, reviewing drafts of this paper, offering important discussions of issues, and otherwise supporting this project. Alex P. Brown, Bark Dale A. McCullough, Ph.D. Susan Jane Brown Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fisheries Commission Western Environmental Law Center G. Wayne Minshall, Ph.D. Lori Ann Burd, J.D. Professor Emeritus, Idaho State University Dennis Chaney, Friends of Mount Hood Lisa Moscinski, Gifford Pinchot Task Force Matthew Clark Thatch Moyle Patrick Davis Jonathan J. Rhodes, Planeto Azul Hydrology Rock Creek District Improvement Company Amelia Schlusser Richard Fitzgerald Pacific Rivers Council 2011 Legal Intern Pacific Rivers Council 2012 Legal Intern Olivia Schmidt, Bark Chris A. Frissell, Ph.D. Mary Scurlock, J.D. Doug Heiken, Oregon Wild Kimberly Swan Courtney Johnson, Crag Law Center Clackamas River Water Providers Clair Klock Steve Whitney, The Bullitt Foundation Klock Farm, Corbett, Oregon Thomas Wolf, Oregon Council Trout Unlimited Bronwen Wright, J.D. Pacific Rivers Council 317 SW Alder Street, Suite 900 Portland, OR 97204 503.228.3555 | 503.228.3556 fax [email protected] pacificrivers.org Protecting Freshwater Resources on Mt. Hood National Forest: 2 Recommendations for Policy Change Table of Contents Executive Summary iii Part One: Introduction—An Urban Forest 1 Part Two: Watersheds of Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Glacial Meltwater on Geochemistry and Discharge of Alpine Proglacial Streams in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2019-07-01 Impacts of Glacial Meltwater on Geochemistry and Discharge of Alpine Proglacial Streams in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA Natalie Shepherd Barkdull Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Barkdull, Natalie Shepherd, "Impacts of Glacial Meltwater on Geochemistry and Discharge of Alpine Proglacial Streams in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA" (2019). Theses and Dissertations. 8590. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8590 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Impacts of Glacial Meltwater on Geochemistry and Discharge of Alpine Proglacial Streams in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA Natalie Shepherd Barkdull A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Gregory T. Carling, Chair Barry R. Bickmore Stephen T. Nelson Department of Geological Sciences Brigham Young University Copyright © 2019 Natalie Shepherd Barkdull All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Impacts of Glacial Meltwater on Geochemistry and Discharge of Alpine Proglacial Streams in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA Natalie Shepherd Barkdull Department of Geological Sciences, BYU Master of Science Shrinking alpine glaciers alter the geochemistry of sensitive mountain streams by exposing reactive freshly-weathered bedrock and releasing decades of atmospherically-deposited trace elements from glacier ice. Changes in the timing and quantity of glacial melt also affect discharge and temperature of alpine streams.
    [Show full text]
  • Glacial Landforms of the Puget Lowland
    Oak Harbor i t S k a g Sauk Suiattle Suiattle River B a y During the advance and retreat of Indian Reservation Glacial Landforms of the the Puget lobe, drainages around the ice sheet were blocked, forming multiple proglacial Camano Island Stillaguamish lakes. The darker colors on this Indian map indicate lower elevations, Reservation Puget Lowland and show many of these t S Arlington Spi ss valleys. The Stillaguamish, e a en P g n o Snohomish, Snoqualmie, and Striped Peak u r D r Hook a Puyallup River valleys all once t z US Interstate 5 Edi Sauk River Lower Elwha t S contained proglacial lakes. Klallam o u s There are many remnants of Indian g Port a Reservation US Highway 101 Jamestown Townsend a n these lakes left today, such as S’Klallam A Quimper Peninsula Port Angeles Indian Lake Washington and Lake d Reservation Sequim P Sammamish, east of Seattle. o m H P Miller Peninsula r t o a S T l As the Puget lobe retreated, i m Tulalip e o s w McDonald Mountain q r e Indian lake outflows, glacial D n s u i s s s Reservation i c e a m o a H S. F. Stillaguamish River v n meltwater, and glacial outburst e d a g Marysville B r B l r e a y a b flooding all contributed to y o y t Elwha River B r dozens of channels that flowed y a y southwest to the Chehalis River Round Mountain Lookout Hill Lake Stevens I Whidbey Island at the southwest corner of this n d map.
    [Show full text]
  • Concepts & Synthesis
    CONCEPTS & SYNTHESIS EMPHASIZING NEW IDEAS TO STIMULATE RESEARCH IN ECOLOGY Ecological Monographs, 78(1), 2008, pp. 41–67 Ó 2008 by the Ecological Society of America GLACIAL ECOSYSTEMS 1,9 2 3 4 5 ANDY HODSON, ALEXANDRE M. ANESIO, MARTYN TRANTER, ANDREW FOUNTAIN, MARK OSBORN, 6 7 8 JOHN PRISCU, JOHANNA LAYBOURN-PARRY, AND BIRGIT SATTLER 1Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN United Kingdom 2Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA United Kingdom 3School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS United Kingdom 4Departments of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751 USA 5Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN United Kingdom 6Department of Biological Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 USA 7Office of the PVC Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart Tas 7001 Australia 8Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruk, Technikerstrabe 25 A-0620 Austria Abstract. There is now compelling evidence that microbially mediated reactions impart a significant effect upon the dynamics, composition, and abundance of nutrients in glacial melt water. Consequently, we must now consider ice masses as ecosystem habitats in their own right and address their diversity, functional potential, and activity as part of alpine and polar environments. Although such research is already underway, its fragmentary nature provides little basis for developing modern concepts of glacier ecology. This paper therefore provides a much-needed framework for development by reviewing the physical, biogeochemical, and microbiological characteristics of microbial habitats that have been identified within glaciers and ice sheets. Two key glacial ecosystems emerge, one inhabiting the glacier surface (the supraglacial ecosystem) and one at the ice-bed interface (the subglacial ecosystem).
    [Show full text]
  • Ramona Falls Hike, Mount Hood Wilderness, Oregon, OR
    www.outdoorproject.com MADE BY: Anzelina Coodey CONTRIBUTOR: Tyson Gillard LAST UPDATED: 08.10.16 © The Outdoor Project LLC NOTE: Content specified is from time of PDF creation. Please check website for up-to-date information or for changes. Maps are illustrative in nature and should be used for reference only. Ramona Falls Hike, Mount Hood Wilderness, Oregon, OR Adventure Description by Tyson Gillard | 06.12.12 The 120-foot Ramona Falls is tucked away on the western flanks of Mount Hood, and while the cascade is a remarkable destination by itself, the trail leading to the falls is equally delightful. You'll begin hiking along the open and sandy bed that flanks the Sandy River. The granular nature of the soil means that the river bed is home to a distinct blend of flora not typically found in the Mount Hood area, such as the many lodgepole pines, Oregon beaked moss, juniper haircap moss and broom moss. Once you've reached Ramona Falls, loop back on the trail’s northern section, where you'll gain a great appreciation for Ramona Creek. The trail follows the creek and adjacent cliffs downstream as it weaves through a forest of western hemlock, noble fir and western red cedar. If you are in the mood for something a little more challenging or you are looking for some good backpacking, continue on the Ramona Falls trail to Bald Mountain/McNeil Point, the scenic and secluded Yocum Ridge, or to the incredible wildflower haven of Paradise Park. Tyson Gillard | 06.12.12 Getting there (from Portland): From Portland, take I-84 E Take exit 16 for 238th Dr toward Wood Village Turn right onto NE 238th Dr Highlights Continue on NE 238th Dr, which turns into SE 242nd Dr/NE Hogan Dr DIFFICULTY: Moderate After roughly 3 miles turn left onto NE Burnside Rd/US-26 E TRAILHEAD ELEV.: 2,460 ft (750 m) After roughly 27 miles, just past Welches, turn left onto E NET ELEV.
    [Show full text]
  • The Timberline Express Proposal
    THE TIMBERLINE EXPRESS PROPOSAL United States Final Environmental Impact Statement Department of Agriculture Forest Service Summary of DEIS, Errata Sheet, Pacific Response to Comments Northwest Region November 2005 Mt. Hood National Forest View offrom Mt. Mt. Hood Snoqualmie from Trilium looking Lake. West at Alpental. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3271 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. ACRONYM LIST ACS Aquatic Conservation Strategy NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service ACSOs Aquatic Conservation Strategy Objectives NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ADA Americans w/ Disabilities Act of 1990 NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ADT Average Daily Traffic
    [Show full text]
  • KEFJ Assessment
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions Kenai Fjords National Park Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/WRD/NRR—2010/192 ON THE COVER Top left: Bear Glacier; top right: Holgate Glacier; bottom left: Nature center at Exit Glacier area; bottom right: Aialik Cape. Photographs by S. Nagorski. ______________________________________________________________________________ Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions Kenai Fjords National Park Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/WRD/NRR—2010/192 Sonia Nagorski, Eran Hood, and Sanjay Pyare Environmental Science Program University of Alaska Southeast Juneau, AK 99801 Ginny Eckert School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks Juneau, AK 99801 This report was prepared under Task Order J9W88050014 of the Pacific Northwest Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (agreement CA90880008). May 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. The Natural Resource Technical Reports series is used to disseminate the peer-reviewed results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service’s mission.
    [Show full text]
  • Glisan, Rodney L. Collection
    Glisan, Rodney L. Collection Object ID VM1993.001.003 Scope & Content Series 3: The Outing Committee of the Multnomah Athletic Club sponsored hiking and climbing trips for its members. Rodney Glisan participated as a leader on some of these events. As many as 30 people participated on these hikes. They usually travelled by train to the vicinity of the trailhead, and then took motor coaches or private cars for the remainder of the way. Of the four hikes that are recorded Mount Saint Helens was the first climb undertaken by the Club. On the Beacon Rock hike Lower Hardy Falls on the nearby Hamilton Mountain trail were rechristened Rodney Falls in honor of the "mountaineer" Rodney Glisan. Trips included Mount Saint Helens Climb, July 4 and 5, 1915; Table Mountain Hike, November 14, 1915; Mount Adams Climb, July 1, 1916; and Beacon Rock Hike, November 4, 1917. Date 1915; 1916; 1917 People Allen, Art Blakney, Clem E. English, Nelson Evans, Bill Glisan, Rodney L. Griffin, Margaret Grilley, A.M. Jones, Frank I. Jones, Tom Klepper, Milton Reed Lee, John A. McNeil, Fred Hutchison Newell, Ben W. Ormandy, Jim Sammons, Edward C. Smedley, Georgian E. Stadter, Fred W. Thatcher, Guy Treichel, Chester Wolbers, Harry L. Subjects Adams, Mount (Wash.) Bird Creek Meadows Castle Rock (Wash.) Climbs--Mazamas--Saint Helens, Mount Eyrie Hell Roaring Canyon Mount Saint Helens--Photographs Multnomah Amatuer Athletic Association Spirit Lake (Wash.) Table Mountain--Columbia River Gorge (Wash.) Trout Lake (Wash.) Creator Glisan, Rodney L. Container List 07 05 Mt. St. Helens Climb, July 4-5,1915 News clipping.
    [Show full text]
  • The Surficial Geology of the Branford Quadrangle With
    Open Map Open Figure 4 Open Figure 5 The Surficial Geology of the Branford Quadrangle WITH MAP BY RICHARD FOSTER FLINT 1·-------,_,T---------; I (. \ I' I, I: ,~! ~ i\ ~ , (~ STATE GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CONNECTICUT A DIVISION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES 1964 QUADRANGLE REPORT NO. 14 \ --- - --- State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut A DIVISION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES HoN. JoHN N. DEMPSEY, Governor of Connecticut J osEPH N. GILL, Com missioner of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources COMMISSIONERS HoN. JottN N. DDIPSEY, Governor of Connecticut DR. J. WENDELL BURGER, Department of Biology, Trinity College DR. RICHARD H. GoonwIN, Department of Botany, Connecticut College DR. JoHN B. LucKE, Department of Geology, University of Connecticut DR. }oE WEBB PEOPLES, Department of Geology, Wesleyan University DR. JoHN H.oocERs, Department of Geology, Yale University DIRECTOR JoE WEBB PEOPLES, Ph.D. Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut EDITOR Lou WILLIAMS PAGE, Ph.D. DISTRIBUTION AND EXCHANGE AGENT State Librarian State Library, Hartford ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Introduction ............................................................................ ...................................... 1 Bedrock geology .......................................................................................................... 3 Topography and drainage .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Glaciers of the Canadian Rockies
    Glaciers of North America— GLACIERS OF CANADA GLACIERS OF THE CANADIAN ROCKIES By C. SIMON L. OMMANNEY SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD Edited by RICHARD S. WILLIAMS, Jr., and JANE G. FERRIGNO U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1386–J–1 The Rocky Mountains of Canada include four distinct ranges from the U.S. border to northern British Columbia: Border, Continental, Hart, and Muskwa Ranges. They cover about 170,000 km2, are about 150 km wide, and have an estimated glacierized area of 38,613 km2. Mount Robson, at 3,954 m, is the highest peak. Glaciers range in size from ice fields, with major outlet glaciers, to glacierets. Small mountain-type glaciers in cirques, niches, and ice aprons are scattered throughout the ranges. Ice-cored moraines and rock glaciers are also common CONTENTS Page Abstract ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- J199 Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------- 199 FIGURE 1. Mountain ranges of the southern Rocky Mountains------------ 201 2. Mountain ranges of the northern Rocky Mountains ------------ 202 3. Oblique aerial photograph of Mount Assiniboine, Banff National Park, Rocky Mountains----------------------------- 203 4. Sketch map showing glaciers of the Canadian Rocky Mountains -------------------------------------------- 204 5. Photograph of the Victoria Glacier, Rocky Mountains, Alberta, in August 1973 -------------------------------------- 209 TABLE 1. Named glaciers of the Rocky Mountains cited in the chapter
    [Show full text]