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Engine Operation and Control Systems

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Engine Operation and Control Systems 1 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 Project Outline ........................................................................................................................... 3 Prior Knowledge: ........................................................................................................................ 3 Student Activities ....................................................................................................................... 3 Planning Notes: .......................................................................................................................... 4 Overall and Specific Expectations .............................................................................................. 5 Overall Expectations: ............................................................................................................. 5 Specific Expectations: ............................................................................................................ 5 Differentiation of Project/Activity: ................................................................................................ 5 Assessment and Evaluation ....................................................................................................... 6 Engine Operations & Control Systems Rubric ........................................................................ 6 Resources .................................................................................................................................. 9 Appendix A - Engine Operation and Control Systems ...............................................................10 Engine Operation and Control Systems ....................................................................................10 What are Engine Control systems? ....................................................................................10 Four Stroke Cycle ..............................................................................................................10 Activity #1 – The Four Stroke Cycle ..........................................................................................10 Activity #2 – Firing Order ...........................................................................................................11 Activity #3 - Creating A Spin Wheel Chart .................................................................................12 Activity #4 – Understanding Engines .........................................................................................15 Activity #5 – Engine Timing .......................................................................................................16 Activity #6 – Fuel Injection Timing .............................................................................................18 Activity #7 - Applying the Spin Wheel to Engines ......................................................................20 Appendix B - Answer Key .........................................................................................................24 Spin Wheel Chart - Understanding Advanced Engine Operation and Control Systems .........24 Activity #1 – The Four Stroke Cycle ......................................................................................24 Activity #2 - Firing Orders ......................................................................................................25 Activity #4 - Understanding Engines ......................................................................................26 Activity #5 – Engine Timing ...................................................................................................28 Activity #6 – Fuel Injection Timing .........................................................................................30 1 Appendix C - Lesson Plans .......................................................................................................32 Activity 1 & 2 ......................................................................................................................32 Activity 3 & 4 ......................................................................................................................34 Activity 5 & 6 ......................................................................................................................36 References ...............................................................................................................................38 2 Introduction Course Code: TTJ3C Broad base Technology: Transportation Technology Destination: College Grade Level: 11 Online Project Name: Engine Operation & Control Systems Project Outline By the end of this project students will be able to explain the four stroke cycle and know the various firing orders. Students will understand the importance of valve timing and be able to explain the principles behind valve operation and adjustments. Students will explore the importance of ignition and fuel injector timing and its effect on engine performance. At the end of this unit, students will build a “Spin Wheel” and be able to articulate what stroke and engine is based on observing the valve train which will demonstrate their understanding of all the concepts as it applies to engine timing. Prior Knowledge: Students may have prior knowledge of vehicles and major engine parts if they have taken the grade 9 Exploring Technologies course or the grade 10 Transportation Technology course. Students may also have worked on cars, trucks or motorcycles with a family member, peer or service technician, or even through working a summer job. A basic understanding of engine operation and its components along with the four stroke cycle is a benefit Student Activities 1. With synchronous learning time agreed upon by teachers and students, the teacher begins to lead the students by asking key questions. What does the term stroke mean? How many degrees does it take to complete all four strokes? What happens in the combustion chamber? What does P.S.I. stand for? What do the terms TDC and BDC mean? How does an engine create vacuum? What is the correct air/mixture of a naturally aspirated engine? 2. Have the students review the 4-stroke cycle by completing a chart. The chart should include; stroke, piston direction, valve operation, what is happening in each stroke, cylinder pressure, and crankshaft rotation degrees. 3. Students will then take this larger chart and compress it into a single row chart. 4. Ask students to explore different cylinder arrangements including inline, V and opposed cylinder engine design. 3 5. Ask the students to make a list of all major vehicle manufacturers. The list should include Toyota, Chevrolet, Ford, Honda and Volkswagen. 6. Students will research and document the various firing orders. 7. Ask the students to make connections between riding a bicycle and a two cylinder engine. Classroom discussion can be led by asking students can they push down on both pedals at the same time? 8. During synchronous learning, create a chart of a two cylinder firing order. (1. 2) 9. Students can complete their own chart for a four cylinder engine using the firing order 1, 3, 4, 2. 10. Students will then create a Spin Wheel Chart. 11. Students will label the first wheel (15cm diameter) “Cylinder Firing Order” and include the firing orders 1, 3, 4, 2. 12. The students will make a second wheel (12cm diameter) labelled, “Ignition Timing” and include the terms advance/retard along with the crank sensor marked in the correct position. 13. Using their four stroke cycle chart as reference, the third wheel (9cm diameter) will be labelled, “Four Stroke Cycle”. Students will write all four strokes in order and include both intake and exhaust cam lobes along with when both valves open and close. 14. Students will then create a fourth wheel labelled “Injector” and include all four fuel injectors. 15. Students can add graphics, pictures or colour to their Spin Wheels to make them unique. 16. Students then complete a series of questions pertaining to the Spin Wheel which include but are not limited to identifying which cylinders are on what stroke depending on the piston and valve timing, adjusting valves, spark advance and fuel injection timing. They can also reflect on how this knowledge could be put into other practical applications such as performing a cylinder leak down test. 17. At the end of the activity, (synchronous or asynchronous) students are shown cylinder heads with the valve covers removed or turned upside down and asked to set their Spin Wheel to the correct positions. Planning Notes: Teachers can accommodate students by limiting the number of levels on the Spin Wheel. For example, start off with just the firing order and strokes. 4 Overall and Specific Expectations in Support of Ontario Curriculum Grades 11-12 Technological Education: Overall Expectations: A1. Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamental principles of engines and their service, repair, and maintenance; Specific Expectations: A1.1 Explain terminology describing internal combustion engines (e.g., top dead centre, overhead camshaft), cylinder configurations (e.g., V6, in-line), and types of measurement (e.g., bore, stroke, cylinder displacement) in terms of engine operation; A1.3 Describe the service procedures required to rebuild, repair, and maintain engines (e.g., use of correct torque procedures, use of plastigauge to check bearing clearance,
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