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Topic 2 2

 Loyalty to one’s state, region, or locality as opposed to a national orientation

 Emphasis on protecting local economic and social interests

 Seek control of the federal government to foster sectional interests

 Especially strong in the South 3

 Northeast – the states of New England / Middle Atlantic region – industrializing region – textiles, leather goods, iron manufacturing, machinery – new factory system of production

 West – central and northwestern states / territories - small farms –food crops for home and larger market

 South – southern states / the Cotton South – plantations, exporter of cash crops – “King Cotton” – Eli Whitney’s cotton gin revolutionizes cotton processing technique –expansion of cotton production and slavery 4

 Protective Tariff  Second Bank of the United States  Internal Improvements  Land Policy  Territorial Expansion  Expansion of Slavery  The Meaning of the Constitution  States Rights v. Federalism 5

1816 - first protective tariff 1824 - South fails to stop increased tariff “Tariff of Abominations” – 1828 South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828) Webster-Hayne Debate (1830) Nullification Crisis: Jackson v South Carolina Compromise Tariff of 1833 6 7

 Defense of the doctrine of States’ Rights

 Sovereignty of the individual states

 Limited power of the central (federal) government 8

 Created by the People

 Constitutional issues to be settled by the Supreme Court not an individual state

 No right to nullification and secession 9

 Created by Congress, 1816  Modeled on Bank of England  Private corporation  Stock – private investors and federal government  Depository - private and federal money - Issued federal banknotes  Provide loans  Dividends - Northeastern and foreign investors  Restricted private / state banks (“wildcat banks”)  Controlled inflation  North supports / West and South opposes bank 10 11

 Jackson opposes the bank  Considered it unconstitutional  Withdraws federal funds  Vetoes bank recharter bill  Jackson v Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Nicholas Biddle  Election of 1832 issue  Specie Circular 1836 / Panic of 1837  Independent Treasury Act  Election of 1840 12 13

 Distrust of the federal government – (Tea Party?)  Seen by Jackson and “common man” as a victory over special privilege (Joe the Plumber v the elite?)  No central banking system until Federal Reserve (1913)  Richard H. Sewell, A House Divided: Sectionalism and Civil War, 1848-1865

 George Dangerfield, The Awakening of American Nationalism, 1815-1828