World Class Education www.kean.edu 1 Topic 2 2 Loyalty to one’s state, region, or locality as opposed to a national orientation Emphasis on protecting local economic and social interests Seek control of the federal government to foster sectional interests Especially strong in the South 3 Northeast – the states of New England / Middle Atlantic region – industrializing region – textiles, leather goods, iron manufacturing, machinery – new factory system of production West – central and northwestern states / territories - small farms –food crops for home and larger market South – southern states / the Cotton South – plantations, exporter of cash crops – “King Cotton” – Eli Whitney’s cotton gin revolutionizes cotton processing technique –expansion of cotton production and slavery 4 Protective Tariff Second Bank of the United States Internal Improvements Land Policy Territorial Expansion Expansion of Slavery The Meaning of the Constitution States Rights v. Federalism 5 1816 - first protective tariff 1824 - South fails to stop increased tariff “Tariff of Abominations” – 1828 South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828) Webster-Hayne Debate (1830) Nullification Crisis: Jackson v South Carolina Compromise Tariff of 1833 6 7 Defense of the doctrine of States’ Rights Sovereignty of the individual states Limited power of the central (federal) government 8 Created by the People Constitutional issues to be settled by the Supreme Court not an individual state No right to nullification and secession 9 Created by Congress, 1816 Modeled on Bank of England Private corporation Stock – private investors and federal government Depository - private and federal money - Issued federal banknotes Provide loans Dividends - Northeastern and foreign investors Restricted private / state banks (“wildcat banks”) Controlled inflation North supports / West and South opposes bank 10 11 Jackson opposes the bank Considered it unconstitutional Withdraws federal funds Vetoes bank recharter bill Jackson v Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Nicholas Biddle Election of 1832 issue Specie Circular 1836 / Panic of 1837 Independent Treasury Act Election of 1840 12 13 Distrust of the federal government – (Tea Party?) Seen by Jackson and “common man” as a victory over special privilege (Joe the Plumber v the elite?) No central banking system until Federal Reserve (1913) Richard H. Sewell, A House Divided: Sectionalism and Civil War, 1848-1865 George Dangerfield, The Awakening of American Nationalism, 1815-1828.