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Martin Van Buren: the Greatest American President
SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 Martin Van Buren The Greatest American President —————— ✦ —————— JEFFREY ROGERS HUMMEL resident Martin Van Buren does not usually receive high marks from histori- ans. Born of humble Dutch ancestry in December 1782 in the small, upstate PNew York village of Kinderhook, Van Buren gained admittance to the bar in 1803 without benefit of higher education. Building on a successful country legal practice, he became one of the Empire State’s most influential and prominent politi- cians while the state was surging ahead as the country’s wealthiest and most populous. -
SHER-WOOD® Kemvar® Conversion Varnish Systems
SHER-WOOD® Kemvar® Conversion Varnish Systems COMPLETE, TOP-OF-THE-LINE SYSTEMS FOR WOOD FINISHING ✦ Tailored to fit your needs ✦ Good UV resistance ✦ High solids ✦ Fast drying ✦ Meets KCMA specifications ✦ HAPS Free ✦ UV absorber added ✦ Low VOC ✦ Low formaldehyde content PERFORMANCE AND COMPLIANCE Sher-Wood® Kemvar® Conversion Varnish Systems beautify and protect fine crafted wood products. They are designed to perform on wood products from office furniture to kitchen cabinets and many other interior wood applications. Sher-Wood Kemvar Conversion Varnish Systems feature advantages like lower VOC and HAPS levels, no reportable formaldehyde, excellent resistance to household chemicals, and excellent film build capability. Sher-Wood Kemvar Conversion Varnish Systems are fast drying formulations with high volume solids and they meet the strict test requirements of the Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturers Association (KCMA). TAKING TECHNOLOGY TO THE FINISH® SHER-WOOD® Kemvar® Conversion Varnish Systems Finishing Characteristics Production Efficiency The Sher-Wood® Kemvar® Conversion Varnish The Sher-Wood Kemvar Conversion Varnish Systems deliver durable, beautiful finishes that Systems are designed to keep your finishing line are perfectly suited to all kinds of manufactured up and running efficiently. All of the system’s wood products. In addition, they provide formulations are designed to dry fast and sand excellent toughness, moisture and mar resistance, easily. Sher-Wood Kemvar Conversion Varnish as well as great cold check resistance and good finishes can be applied with conventional, resistance to most household chemicals. airless, air-assisted airless and electrostatic spraying equipment. Performance Properties Sher-Wood Kemvar LF Water White Conversion Regulatory Compliance Varnish and Sher-Wood Kemvar Vinyl Sealer is our Sher-Wood Kemvar Conversion Varnish Systems top-of-the-line conversion varnish finishing system. -
Specification Guide Supersedes All Prior Versions
SPECIFICATION GUIDE SUPERSEDES ALL PRIOR VERSIONS MARCH 2019 The basics made beautiful.™ From the dawning of the New Year comes a brand new Vibe Series. Take a look through our book – you’ll see we’ve analyzed the Diamond® Vibe™ Series inside, outside and upside down. From pricing and product to upgrades and upcharges we’ve trimmed the fat by stripping away old door styles and finishes and SKUs that just weren’t working as hard as they should be. Our new offering is leaner, cleaner, meaner and…. drumroll please…LESS EXPENSIVE!! The Diamond Vibe Series offers mainstream fashion and must-have features to suit your customer’s space with style. From all of us to all of you, warm wishes for a prosperous and fulfilling 2019. We can’t wait to see what you create! BRYANT Painted Coconut CONSTRUCTION ENHANCEMENTS We’ve improved structural integrity and enhanced upgrades all while lowering the overall average price to make your designs more competitive in the marketplace. A B C D A. Cabinet Box 1/2” Furniture board end panels; 3/8” Top and bottom B. Standard Drawer Solid wood with dovetail construction C. Standard Drawer Guides Full extension, under mount with Smart Stop™ and fast clip removal system D. Hinges Fully concealed, 6-way adjustable with Smart Stop™ PLYWOOD UPGRADE l l A. Cabinet Box Plywood Ends (PLE) u or All Plywood Construction (APW) u l Finished Ends (FB) modification available. u Unfinished ends standard. CONSTRUCTION ENHANCEMENTS KERNON Painted Icy Avalanche & Maritime MATCHING LAMINATE ENDS FOR MARITIME SPEC GUIDE PAGE 17 Automatic matching laminate ends for Maritime Painted and Maritime PureStyle™ products means fewer opportunities for error, a more streamlined ordering process, and reduced installation time in the field. -
Everything You Need to Know About Selecting Cabinets EVERYTHING YOU NEED to KNOW ABOUT SELECTING CABINETS
cabinets Everything You Need to Know About Selecting Cabinets EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SELECTING CABINETS 2 EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SELECTING CABINETS INTRODUCTION Cabinets set the tone for the look and feel of a kitchen. When it comes to cabinetry, there are countless options to help make your remodeling dreams a reality. While it’s great to have choic- es, it can be overwhelming without a basic understanding of the types of cabinets, doors and drawers that are available. 5 Types of Cabinets 8 Cabinet Construction 11 Cabinet Categories 12 Cabinet Doors 14 Cabinet Drawer Construction 16 Shelving Options 17 Finishes 20 Budgeting for a New Kitchen CONTACT US Cabinet-S-Top Phone : 330.239-3630 1977 Medina Road Fax : 330.239.4530 Medina, OH 44256 Email : [email protected] Web : www.cabinet-s-top.com 3 EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SELECTING CABINETS 4 EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SELECTING CABINETS Types of Cabinets There is almost an unlimited number of choices that can meet any style preference and budget need. Stock, custom and semi- custom refer to different production methods employed to manufacture cabinets. Stock Stock cabinets are ready-made, pre-manufactured and ship when ordered. They almost never can be altered or customized. What you see is what you get. There also is a broad range of quality differences among stock cabinets that may not be readily apparent. Pros: Short to no lead times to have your cabinets delivered. Stock cabinets can be ideal solutions for homeowners who want to increase the value of a home that they plan to sell in the near future. -
Congressional Record-House
1884. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3871 ruay, in case of necessity, depute such clerks to act for him in his official capac should cease on the bill, and that the pending amendment and others ity ; but the shipping commissioner shall be held responsible for the a{lts of every such clerk or deputy, and will be personally liable for any penalties such clerk or to be offered shall then be voted on. deputy may incur by the violation of uny of the provisions of this title; and all :h1r. FRYE. I supposed that general debate had now ceased. I will acts done by a clerk as such deputy shall be as valid and binding as if done by ask that this bill be taken up for consideration to-morrow morning after the shipping commissioner. the morning business and that debate be limited to five minutes. Again: Mr. MORGAN. Ishallhavetoobjectto that. Ihaven4>texpressed EC. 4507. Every shipping commissioner shall lease, rent, or procure, at his any opinions on the bill, because the bill has not been in a shape that I own cost, suitable premises for the transaction of business, and for the preser vation of the books and other documents connected therewith; and these prem could gi•e my views of it properly. I shall be very brief in what I have ises shall be styled the shipping commissioner's office. to say, but I can not say it in five minutes. :h1r. CONGER. Now will the Senator read the last section but one ltlr. FRYE. I then ask unanimous consent that the bill be taken up in the act. -
The Whigs Took Their I DIG Name from Revolutionary Era Patriots Who Fought Against Rule by a the King
Born as a party opposed to Andrew Jackson, the Whigs took their I DIG name from Revolutionary Era Patriots who fought against rule by a THE king. The Whig Party believed in a strong Congress and aimed to end WHIGS WHIGSEst. 1834 the reign of a powerful president they called “King Andrew” Jackson. The Whigs supported industrial modernization and social reform. William Henry Harrison John Tyler Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore VP VP 9 1 10 0 12 1 13 0 Whh1841 1841-1845Jt 1849-1850Zt 1850-1853Mf 1840 1848 election election In the first modern presidential After Harrison’s death, John Tyler Zachary Taylor won the 1848 elec- According to a popular story, Queen campaign, the Whig’s used the log set the precedent for the VP becom- tion, casting his first vote for pres- Victoria called Millard Fillmore the cabin and the hard cider barrel as ing president. It wasn’t until 1967 ident. The former general defeated most handsome man she had ever campaign symbols to sell Harrison that the 25th Amendment formally Lewis Cass and a former president, met. as a hardworking farmer. It worked, outlined the order of presidential Martin Van Buren, who ran on the and the election went to “Tippeca- succession. Free Soil Party ticket. Like Tyler, Fillmore assumed the noe and Tyler Too.” presidency after the untimely death John Tyler was married twice and In 1835, Zachary Taylor’s daughter, of a president. At 32 days, Harrison is known for had 15 children - the most of any Sarah, married Jefferson Davis, fu- having the shortest presidential term. -
Xerox University Microfilms 3 0 0North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 75 - 21,515
INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1 .T h e sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper le ft hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. -
A History of Maryland's Electoral College Meetings 1789-2016
A History of Maryland’s Electoral College Meetings 1789-2016 A History of Maryland’s Electoral College Meetings 1789-2016 Published by: Maryland State Board of Elections Linda H. Lamone, Administrator Project Coordinator: Jared DeMarinis, Director Division of Candidacy and Campaign Finance Published: October 2016 Table of Contents Preface 5 The Electoral College – Introduction 7 Meeting of February 4, 1789 19 Meeting of December 5, 1792 22 Meeting of December 7, 1796 24 Meeting of December 3, 1800 27 Meeting of December 5, 1804 30 Meeting of December 7, 1808 31 Meeting of December 2, 1812 33 Meeting of December 4, 1816 35 Meeting of December 6, 1820 36 Meeting of December 1, 1824 39 Meeting of December 3, 1828 41 Meeting of December 5, 1832 43 Meeting of December 7, 1836 46 Meeting of December 2, 1840 49 Meeting of December 4, 1844 52 Meeting of December 6, 1848 53 Meeting of December 1, 1852 55 Meeting of December 3, 1856 57 Meeting of December 5, 1860 60 Meeting of December 7, 1864 62 Meeting of December 2, 1868 65 Meeting of December 4, 1872 66 Meeting of December 6, 1876 68 Meeting of December 1, 1880 70 Meeting of December 3, 1884 71 Page | 2 Meeting of January 14, 1889 74 Meeting of January 9, 1893 75 Meeting of January 11, 1897 77 Meeting of January 14, 1901 79 Meeting of January 9, 1905 80 Meeting of January 11, 1909 83 Meeting of January 13, 1913 85 Meeting of January 8, 1917 87 Meeting of January 10, 1921 88 Meeting of January 12, 1925 90 Meeting of January 2, 1929 91 Meeting of January 4, 1933 93 Meeting of December 14, 1936 -
Calhoun Webster
CALHOUN WEBSTER : AND TWO VISIONS OF THE FEDERAL UNION SOUTH CAROLINA SENATOR JOHN C. CALHOUN SAW THE FEDERAL UNION AS A COMPACT OF STATES. MASSACHUSETTS SENATOR DANIEL WEBSTER SAW IT AS A NATION OF ONE PEOPLE. THEIR DIFFERING VISIONS LED TO HISTORIC DEBATES, BUT UNDERLYING THEM ALL WAS THE QUESTION OF SLAVERY. The intent of the writers of the Calhoun also pursued a career in Constitution was to create a politics. He was elected to the U.S. stronger central government than House of Representatives in 1810 and Library of Congress of Library existed under the old Articles of was the chief deputy of Speaker of John C. Calhoun (1782–1850), who served Confederation. During the ratifica- the House Henry Clay. Calhoun was as vice president, U.S. senator, and tion of the Constitution, many ex- a strong nationalist who pushed for member of Congress in his long political pressed fears the federal war against Britain in 1812. career, was the leading advocate for states’ rights. government would expand its pow- After the war, Calhoun sup- ers at the expense of the states. ported Henry Clay’s “American Sys- to the South, such a majority might The Bill of Rights, in the form of tem,” which called for Congress to someday vote to abolish slavery. 10 amendments, was added to the fund roads, canals, ports and other These developments changed Cal- Constitution to further limit the pow- national improvements. In 1816, he houn from a nationalist to an advo- ers of the federal government. The voted for a tariff (a tax on foreign cate for states’ rights. -
The Democratic Party and the Transformation of American Conservatism, 1847-1860
PRESERVING THE WHITE MAN’S REPUBLIC: THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICAN CONSERVATISM, 1847-1860 Joshua A. Lynn A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Harry L. Watson William L. Barney Laura F. Edwards Joseph T. Glatthaar Michael Lienesch © 2015 Joshua A. Lynn ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Joshua A. Lynn: Preserving the White Man’s Republic: The Democratic Party and the Transformation of American Conservatism, 1847-1860 (Under the direction of Harry L. Watson) In the late 1840s and 1850s, the American Democratic party redefined itself as “conservative.” Yet Democrats’ preexisting dedication to majoritarian democracy, liberal individualism, and white supremacy had not changed. Democrats believed that “fanatical” reformers, who opposed slavery and advanced the rights of African Americans and women, imperiled the white man’s republic they had crafted in the early 1800s. There were no more abstract notions of freedom to boundlessly unfold; there was only the existing liberty of white men to conserve. Democrats therefore recast democracy, previously a progressive means to expand rights, as a way for local majorities to police racial and gender boundaries. In the process, they reinvigorated American conservatism by placing it on a foundation of majoritarian democracy. Empowering white men to democratically govern all other Americans, Democrats contended, would preserve their prerogatives. With the policy of “popular sovereignty,” for instance, Democrats left slavery’s expansion to territorial settlers’ democratic decision-making. -
Tennessee State Library and Archives HUBBARD, DAVID (1792-1874)
State of Tennessee Department of State Tennessee State Library and Archives 403 Seventh Avenue North Nashville, Tennessee 37243-0312 HUBBARD, DAVID (1792-1874) PAPERS 1807-1871 Processed by: Marylin Bell Hughes Archival Technical Services Accession Number: 1971.022 Date Completed: February 26, 1971 Location: II- L - 2 Microfilm Accession Number: 1170 MICROFILMED INTRODUCTION This collection is centered around David Hubbard, who lived most of his life in Lawrence Country, Alabama. He was a veteran of the War of 1812 during which he attained the rank of major; Alabama state senator, 1827; speculator in Indian lands in Alabama and Mississippi, 1830s-1840s; Alabama state representative, 1831; Democratic presidential elector from Alabama, 1844 and 1860; delegate to Southern Commercial Conventions at Knoxville, Tennessee, 1857, and Savannah, Georgia, 1859; Alabama representative to the Confederate government, 1861; and Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the Confederate government, 1863. The David Hubbard Papers were taken from the Campbell Brown and Ewell Papers which were given to the Manuscript Unit in 1965 by Mrs. C. Hughes Lyon of Murfreesboro, Tennessee. The materials in this finding aid measure .42 linear feet. There are no restrictions on the materials. Single photocopies of unpublished writings in the David Hubbard Papers may be made for purposes of scholarly research. SCOPE AND CONTENT The David Hubbard Papers, containing approximately 240 items, cover the years 1807-1871. The collection is composed of correspondence; accounts; land records (contracts, deeds, titles, indentures, schedules, and a certificate); legal documents (lawyer certification, company record, and bills of sale for Negroes); list of bonds; newspaper clippings; and pictures. -
DAY#1 CP Government & Government Blizzard Bag
DAY#1 CP Government & Government Blizzard Bag Name ____________________ A. Directions- Fill in the boxes below by selecting the constitutional principle being referred to in each constitutional description. \ B. Directions- Check the box to identify whether the Federalists or Anti-Federalists supported (Fed) or opposed (Anti) the item described. C. Directions- From the choices listed below, select the four ways in which our constitutional government can be changed. Write your answers in the blank boxes below. D. Directions- Fill in the boxes below by selecting the amendment that protects an individual from the abuse referred to in the description. DAY #2 CP Government & Government Blizzard Bag Name__________________ A. Directions- Identify which group was affected by an amendment introduced by the Progressive Movement. B. Directions- Identify which group gained voting rights by each amendment. C. Directions- Fill-in boxes below by selecting the appropriate amendment referred to in each description. D. Directions- Fill in boxes below by selecting the amendment that is being described. DAY #3 CP Government & Government Blizzard Bag Name _____________ The Nullification Crisis The Nullification Crisis occurred in the early 1830s in South Carolina, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. The United States suffered an economic downturn throughout the 1820s, which especially affected South Carolina. Many South Carolina politicians blamed the economic downturn on the national tariff policy that was enacted after the War of 1812. This tariff policy was implemented to help Northern manufacturing industries better compete in domestic markets against well established European manufacturers. The Nullification Crisis occurred when the South Carolina state government refused to enforce the federal government’s tariffs, declaring them to be unconstitutional.