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New Horizons New Horizons VMI Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume 2 Number 1 April 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 From the Executive Editor 3 A Tribute to Charles F. Brower, IV, Ph.D., Brigadier General, US Army (Retired) Humanities 7 Coincidence or Chemistry: The Effects of Civil War Combat on Weather Cadet Brandon T. Carter (History, ’08) Faculty Mentor: Dr. A. Cash Koeniger, Professor of History 21 No More Quetta Manners: The Social Evolution of the Royal Welch Fusiliers on the Western Front Cadet Gregory E. Lippiatt (History and English, ’09) Faculty Mentor: Dr. Eric W. Osborne, Assistant Professor of History 35 The United States and Pakistan: Allies or Adversaries? Cadet Andrew E. Timpner (History, ’07) Faculty Mentor: Dr. Jason A. Kirk, Assistant Professor of International Studies and Political Science Sciences 49 The Effects of Aromatase Inhibitor 4-hydroxyAndrostenedione and Estrogen Replacement Therapy on the Development of Sensory-Motor Functions in the Zebrafish Cadet Bryan P. Nelson (Biology, ’07) Faculty Mentor: Dr. James E. Turner, Professor of Biology and Chemistry Engineering 63 Emergency Underground Communication Using Seismic Waves Cadet George W. Flathers III (Electrical and Computer Engineering, ’08) and Cadet Jared E. Starin (Electrical and Computer Engineering,’10) Faculty Mentor: Dr. James C. Squire, Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering 71 Thermoacoustic Cooling Stack Prototyping and Design Cadet Paul A. Childrey (Mechanical Engineering,’08) Faculty Mentor: Dr. Jon Michael Hardin, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering 79 Modeling Combustion and Flow in the SR-30 Turbojet Engine Cadet Matthew A. Kania (Mechanical Engineering,’07) and Cadet Raevon M. Pulliam, (Mechanical Engineering,’07) Faculty Mentor: Dr. Matthew R. Hyre, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering 85 About the Contributing Editors 87 Undergraduate Research at VMI New Horizons ᭜ Volume 2 ᭜ Number 1 ᭜ 2008 From the Executive Editor or the New Horizons Editorial Board, the past the VMI Summer Undergraduate Research Fyear has been a hectic albeit gratifying one, Institute (SURI) rendered positive feedback from launched by the positive reception of Volume 1 of cadets contemplating submission to New the journal last April and energized by the Horizons as a long-term goal for the presentation ongoing scholarly success of its cadet authors. of their research results. Striving to replicate both in this second issue of We also include excerpts from cadet our journal, we are proud to present the studies testimonies in our poster presentation “New and artwork of eight cadets representing five Horizons: VMI Journal of Undergraduate departments and all three academic divisions of Research. Process to Product and Beyond,” which the Virginia Military Institute. illustrates the multiple phases of writing for The cadet writers and artist whose work publication in our journal. Complete with copies of appears in New Horizons have risen to the reviewers’ comments, marked-up galleys, bluelines, challenge of academic writing and artistic creation and final versions, the poster presentation serves as for publication—meeting countless deadlines and a visual reminder that scholarly publication is, as subjecting their work to the scrutiny of several New Horizons author Casey Grey (Mechanical scholar/reviewers. For many of them, New Engineering, ‘07) pointed out: “ . not just a Horizons will be the first academic journal they glorified lab report.” have actually seen cover-to-cover in its original The cross-curricular suggestions for using New form, yet it will stand as public recognition of their Horizons in the classroom constitute the final part undergraduate scholarship and creativity long after of our “Beyond Publication” prototype. In both an their cadetships have ended. effort to cross traditional disciplinary boundaries The scholarly development of cadets through and in the spirit of VMI’s new Core Curriculum, New Horizons, however, is not limited to the our cross-curricular suggestions include several printed and electronic pages of the journal or the interdisciplinary learning activities for each essay individual cadet researchers/artists whose work is in the print edition of the journal. Other activities published in our two editions. With our newest build on the military ethos at VMI and cognitive initiative, the “Beyond Publication Phase,” we are skills such as the development of information endeavoring to extend the influence of the literacy. publication into the classroom and across the VMI Of course, there could exist no “Beyond curriculum. Although we foresee different types of Publication” or publication were it not for cadet pedagogical models for the “Beyond Publication researchers, their mentors, and all the VMI faculty Phase” in the future, our current prototype and staff who have supported the journal with consists of three elements: a poster presentation their insight and expertise. We are indebted to our of the submission/review/publication/beyond fellow faculty members across the VMI Post who publication process for New Horizons, a list of served as both mentors and readers to the cadet/ curricular suggestions for using the published authors, especially to Dr. James Turner, Director essays as learning activities, and a video of the VMI Undergraduate Research Initiative. Our production. The Office of the VMI Undergraduate sincerest thanks go to our colleagues at Roanoke Research Initiative serves as the central repository College and Washington & Lee University who for these materials, where faculty members can graciously served as contributing editors for this check them out as needed. second volume of New Horizons. Following a brief description of the journal’s Lastly, I extend my deepest gratitude to the contents, the New Horizons DVD highlights New Horizons associate editors Alexis Hart, testimonies from the cadet authors, specifically the Robert Humston, and Bob McMasters, whose career and graduate school opportunities that dedication to the journal and uncompromising have directly resulted from the publication of their commitment to excellence never cease to inspire work, as well as their assessment of the overall me. I am honored to serve with them. experience of scholarly inquiry and academic Mary Ann Dellinger writing for publication. The first showing during Executive Editor, New Horizons New Horizons is published annually through the VMI Undergraduate Research Initiative. For information, contact: [email protected] or Ms. Leslie Joyce, Undergraduate Research, 309 Science Building, VMI, Lexington, VA 24450. 1 New Horizons ᭜ Volume 2 ᭜ Number 1 ᭜ 2008 A Tribute to Charles F. Brower, IV, Ph.D. Brigadier General, US Army (Retired) Dean of VMI Faculty (2001–2008) n October 31, 2007 as ROTC instructors Without a doubt, Dean Brower’s quest to Odrilled cadets on military procedures, football expand the sphere of academic engagement for players dressed out for practice, and the VMI cadets and his efforts to enhance the profile of academic faculty gathered up the last of their the Institute intersect in his commitment to papers to hurry home to trick and treaters already undergraduate research at VMI. Undeterred by the knocking at their doors, Outlook inboxes chimed inherent challenges of funding the ambitious across the VMI Post, popping up a new message endeavor proposed by Dr. Jim Turner, founder from our dean: “Re: Announcement.” The email and director of the Undergraduate Research announced that our dean, BG Casey Brower, was Initiative (URI), Dean Brower’s championing of resigning his position effective July 1st, 2008. the program proved instrumental in rallying the The mantra “deans come and go” serves as collective enthusiasm of cadets, faculty, alumni, little comfort as we look back on the past seven and the VMI Board of Visitors. Three years after years under Dean Brower’s leadership. Dawn was the URI’s inception, and together with breaking on VMI’s academic renaissance when he Washington & Lee University, VMI co-hosted the assumed his position of Dean of Faculty in 2001. 2005 National Conference of Undergraduate US News & World Report had rated the Institute Research (NCUR) in Lexington. Just a few as the top undergraduate public liberal arts months later, with the ink barely dry on the college, a title VMI would hold for six consecutive NCUR final report, Dean Brower would give the years thereafter. He came to the Institute with directive for a new journal dedicated solely to both a vision and a mission, but he imposed neither cadet research, the publication that came to be on his faculty. Instead, he invited the faculty’s New Horizons. participation, sought their contributions, and The proverbial silver-lining in the end of the earned their support towards the strengthening Brower deanship can be found in his return to and enrichment of VMI’s academic program. teaching—what BG Brower defines as his “true Fueled by the reinvigoration of senior faculty passion.” With his increased presence in the VMI members and especially the incorporation of classroom, as Ensign Andrew Timpner (History young, energetic, junior professor/scholars within ’07) so exquisitely states: “More cadets will have our ranks, a surge of intellectual activity quickly the advantage of the Brower experience.” In the ensued, manifesting itself across the curriculum meantime, we thank him for his spirited and beyond through new academic programs leadership, his commitment to the Institute and initiated under his directive including
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