Anatomia Comparada E Funcional Do Aparato Alimentar De Serrasalmidae (Teleostei, Ostariophysi, Characiformes)
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§4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
§4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm, -
Los Peces Caribes De Venezuela.Pdf
Bol. Acad. C. Fís., Mat. y Nat. Vol. LXII No. 1 Marzo, 2002: 35-88. Antonio Machado-Allison: Los Peces Caribes de Venezuela LOS PECES CARIBES DE VENEZUELA: UNA APROXIMACIÓN A SU ESTUDIO TAXONÓMICO Antonio Machado Allison* El Trabajo presenta una sinopsis detallada de las diez y seis especies de caribes (pirañas) de Venezuela, incluidas en los géneros: Pygopristis (1 especie), Pristobrycon (4 especies), Pygocentrus (1 especie) y Serrasalmus (10 especies). Se discuten los aspectos histórico-taxonómico de cada especie, desde las Crónicas de Indias, los primeros naturalistas, hasta las contribuciones científicas más recientes. Se discute la validez de los nombres utilizados tradicionalmente y sus sinonimias. Se sugieren aspectos evolutivos y de relaciones filogenéticas intra y entre los diferentes géneros. Se ilustra cada especie con dibujos y fotografías y se incorporan claves para la identificación de los géneros y las especies. This paper present a detailed sinopsis of the piranha sixteen species of Venezuela, included in the genera: Pygopristis (1 species), Pristobrycon (4 species), Pygocentrus (1 species) y Serrasalmus (10 species). Discussions on historical-taxonomic aspects of each species are included from the Indian Crónicas de Indias, the first naturalists, to recent scientific contributions. Names traditionally used and sinonomies of each species are discussed. Suggestions on hypothesis of relationships and evolution inside groups and among genera are given. Each species is illustrated with drawings and photographs. Keys for the identification of species are included. Palabras Clave: Peces, Caribes, Venezuela, Clasificación Keywords: Fish, Piranha, Venezuela, Clasification I. INTRODUCCION mundial, gracias a la proliferación de historias, leyendas y fantasías muchas veces sin sentido. -
(Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) from the Rio Madeira Basin, Brazil
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 571: 153–167Myloplus (2016) zorroi, a new serrasalmid species from Madeira river basin... 153 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.571.5983 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new large species of Myloplus (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) from the Rio Madeira basin, Brazil Marcelo C. Andrade1,2, Michel Jégu3, Tommaso Giarrizzo1,2,4 1 Universidade Federal do Pará, Cidade Universitária Prof. José Silveira Netto. Laboratório de Biologia Pe- squeira e Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos, Grupo de Ecologia Aquática. Avenida Perimetral, 2651, Terra Firme, 66077830. Belém, PA, Brazil 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca. Universidade Fe- deral do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Cidade Universitária Prof. José Silveira Netto. Avenida Augusto Corrêa, 1, Guamá, 66075110. Belém, PA, Brazil 3 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR BOREA, Laboratoire d´Icthyologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, MNHN, CP26, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France 4 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação. Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas. Avenida Cel. José Porfírio, 2515, São Sebastião, 68372010. Altamira, PA, Brazil Corresponding author: Marcelo C. Andrade ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Baldwin | Received 7 March 2015 | Accepted 19 January 2016 | Published 7 March 2016 http://zoobank.org/A5ABAD5A-7F31-46FB-A731-9A60A4AA9B83 Citation: Andrade MC, Jégu M, Giarrizzo T (2016) A new large species of Myloplus (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) from the Rio Madeira basin, Brazil. ZooKeys 571: 153–167. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.571.5983 Abstract Myloplus zorroi sp. n. -
Neotropical Vol. 6
Neotrop. Helminthol., 6(1), 2012 2012 Asociación Peruana de Helmintología e Invertebrados Afines (APHIA) ISSN: 2218-6425 impreso / ISSN: 1995-1043 on line ORIGINAL ARTICLE / ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL INFECTION BY HELMINTHS IN MYLOSSOMA DURIVENTRE CUVIER, 1817, A CHARACID FROM THE CENTRAL AMAZON, BRAZIL INFECCIÓN POR HELMINTOS EN MYLOSSOMA DURIVENTRE CUVIER, 1817, UN CHARÁCIDO DE LA AMAZONÍA CENTRAL, BRASIL Elizângela Farias da Silva1 & Marcos Tavares-Dias2* 1Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia (ISB), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). Coari, AM, Brazil. 2Laboratório de Aquicultura e Pesca, Embrapa Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 5, N° 2600, 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil. e-mail: [email protected]; mtavaresdias @pq.cnpq.br Suggested citation: Silva, EF & Tavares-Dias, M. 2012. Infection by helminthes in Mylossoma duriventre Cuvier, 1817, a characid from the central Amazon, Brazil. Neotropical Helminthology, vol. 6, nº1, pp. 67 - 73. Abstract This study describes the parasitic fauna of Mylossoma duriventre caught at Lake Coari, a tributary of the middle Solimões River, in the state of Amazonas (central Amazon, Brazil) and the relative condition factor (Kn). Out of 70 necropsied specimens, 90% had the gills parasitized by the helminth Anacanthorus paraspathulatus Kritsky, Boeger & Van Every, 1992 (Dactylogyridae: Anacanthorinae) and the intestine by Eustrongylides Jägerskiöld 1909 (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) larvae. A total of 19,763 specimens of A. paraspathulatus were collected, but the infection by Eustrongylides sp. larvae seemed to be accidental, only three hosts were trophically infected. However, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in the Kn of parasitized and non- parasitized fish, indicating that the intensity these parasites has not affected the health of the host. -
Happy New Year 2015
QUATICAQU AT H E O N - L I N E J O U R N A L O F T H E B R O O K L Y N A Q U A R I U M S O C I E T Y VOL. 28 JANUARY ~ FEBRUARY 2015 N o. 3 Metynnis argenteus Silver Dollar HA PPY NEW YEAR 1 104 Y EARS OF E DUCATING A QUARISTS AQUATICA VOL. 28 JANUARY - FEBRUARY 2015 NO. 3 C ONTENT S PAGE 2 THE AQUATICA STAFF. PAGE 23 NOTABLE NATIVES. All about some of the beautiful North PAGE 3 CALENDAR OF EVENTS. American aquarium fish, seldom seen BAS Events for the years 2015 - 2016 and almost never available commercially. ANTHONY P. KROEGER, BAS PAGE 4 MOLLIES LOVE CRACKERS! Collecting wild Sailfin Mollies in Florida. PAGE 25 SPECIES PROFILE. ANTHONY P. KROEGER, BAS Etheostoma caeruieum , Rainbow Darter. JOHN TODARO, BAS PAGE 6 SPECIES PROFILE. The Sailfin PAGE 26 HOBBY HAPPENINGS. Mollie, Poecili latipinna . JOHN TODARO, BAS The further aquatic adventures of Larry Jinks. PAGE 7 TERRORS OF THE LARRY JINKS, BAS, RAS, NJAS PLANTED AQUARIUM. Keeping Silver dollar fish; you must keep in PAGE 28 CATFISH CONNECTIONS. Sy introduces us to Australia’s yellow mind they’re in the same family as the tandanus. Piranha and are voracious plant eaters. fin JOHN TODARO, BAS SY ANGELICUS, BAS PAGE 10 SPECIES PROFILE. The Silver Dollar, PAGE 29 BLUE VELVET SHRIMP. Another article Metynnis ar genteus . on keeping freshwater shrimp, with information on JOHN TODARO, BAS keeping them healthy. BRAD KEMP, BAS, THE SHRIMP FARM.COM PAGE 11 SAND LOACHES - THEY BREED BY THEMSELVES . -
Atendendo Solicitação Do(A) Autor(A), O Texto Completo Desta Tese Será Disponibilizado Somente a Partir De 27/02/2021
RESSALVA Atendendo solicitação do(a) autor(a), o texto completo desta tese será disponibilizado somente a partir de 27/02/2021. UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA "JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO" CÂMPUS DE BOTUCATU INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) NADAYCA THAYANE BONANI MATEUSSI FILOGENÔMICA DE SERRASALMIDAE E ESTUDOS MORFOLÓGICOS E MOLECULARES EM CATOPRION E PYGOCENTRUS (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIFORMES) Botucatu/SP 2019 NADAYCA THAYANE BONANI MATEUSSI FILOGENÔMICA DE SERRASALMIDAE E ESTUDOS MORFOLÓGICOS E MOLECULARES EM CATOPRION E PYGOCENTRUS (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIFORMES) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) do Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio Mesquita Filho" como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutora em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Área de concentração: Biodiversidade Orientador: Dr. Claudio de Oliveira Co-orientador: Dr. Bruno Francelino de Melo Botucatu/SP 2019 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA SEÇÃO TÉC. AQUIS. TRATAMENTO DA INFORM. DIVISÃO TÉCNICA DE BIBLIOTECA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO - CÂMPUS DE BOTUCATU - UNESP BIBLIOTECÁRIA RESPONSÁVEL: ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO-CRB 8/7500 Mateussi, Nadayca Thayane Bonani. Filogenômica de Serrasalmidae e estudos morfológicos e moleculares em Catoprion e Pygocentrus (Teleostei: Characiformes) / Nadayca Thayane Bonani Mateussi. - Botucatu, 2019 Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Orientador: Claudio de Oliveira Coorientador: Bruno Francelino de Melo Capes: 20405006 1. Código de Barras de DNA taxonômico. 2. Zoologia - Classificação. 3. Peixes - Identificação. 4. Filogenia. Palavras-chave: DNA barcode; Elementos Ultraconservados; Sistemática; Taxonomia. A todos os professores que tive ao longo desse extenso caminho de apredizagem, da alfabetização à pós-graduação. A dedicação de cada um me trouxe até aqui. -
Neotropical Monogenoidea. 30. Ancyrocephalinae (Dactylogyridae) of Piranha and Their Relatives (Teleostei, Serrasalmidae) from Brazil: Species of Calpidothecium Gen
J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 64(2), 1997 pp. 208-218 Neotropical Monogenoidea. 30. Ancyrocephalinae (Dactylogyridae) of Piranha and Their Relatives (Teleostei, Serrasalmidae) from Brazil: Species of Calpidothecium gen. n., Calpidothecioides gen. n., Odothecium gen. n., and Notothecioides gen. n. DELANE C. KRiTSKY,1-4 WALTER A. BoEGER,2 AND MICHEL JEGU3 1 College of Health Professions, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209 (e-mail: [email protected]), 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba, Parana 81530, Brazil, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) (e-mail: [email protected]), and 3 Antenne ORSTOM, Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie, MNHN, 43 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris Cedex, France (e-mail:jegu@ mnhn.fr) ABSTRACT: Two species of Calpidothecium, 2 species (1 new) of Calpidothecioides, 1 new species of Odo- thecium, and 1 new species of Notothecioides (Dactylogyridae, Ancyrocephalinae) are described and/or reported from the gills of 4 species of Serrasalmidae from the Brazilian Amazon: Calpidothecium crescentis (Mizelle and Price, 1965) comb. n. (syn. Urocleidus crescentis Mizelle and Price, 1965), C. serrasalmus (Mizelle and Price, 1965) comb. n. (syn. Cleidodiscus serrasalmus Mizelle and Price, 1965), and Calpidothecioides pygopristi sp. n. from Pygopristis denticulata; Odothecium raphidiophallum sp. n. from Catoprion mento; and Notothe- cioides llewellyni sp. n. from Myleus torquatus and M. rubripinnis. Four new genera are proposed: Calpido- thecium is characterized -
The Role of Piscivores in a Species-Rich Tropical Food
THE ROLE OF PISCIVORES IN A SPECIES-RICH TROPICAL RIVER A Dissertation by CRAIG ANTHONY LAYMAN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2004 Major Subject: Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences THE ROLE OF PISCIVORES IN A SPECIES-RICH TROPICAL RIVER A Dissertation by CRAIG ANTHONY LAYMAN Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved as to style and content by: _________________________ _________________________ Kirk O. Winemiller Lee Fitzgerald (Chair of Committee) (Member) _________________________ _________________________ Kevin Heinz Daniel L. Roelke (Member) (Member) _________________________ Robert D. Brown (Head of Department) August 2004 Major Subject: Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences iii ABSTRACT The Role of Piscivores in a Species-Rich Tropical River. (August 2004) Craig Anthony Layman, B.S., University of Virginia; M.S., University of Virginia Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Kirk O. Winemiller Much of the world’s species diversity is located in tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems, and a better understanding of the ecology of these systems is necessary to stem biodiversity loss and assess community- and ecosystem-level responses to anthropogenic impacts. In this dissertation, I endeavored to broaden our understanding of complex ecosystems through research conducted on the Cinaruco River, a floodplain river in Venezuela, with specific emphasis on how a human-induced perturbation, commercial netting activity, may affect food web structure and function. I employed two approaches in this work: (1) comparative analyses based on descriptive food web characteristics, and (2) experimental manipulations within important food web modules. -
Instituto Nacional De Pesquisas Da Amazônia - Inpa Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA - INPA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA ASPECTOS DA LIMNOLOGIA E ECOLOGIA DA ICTIOFAUNA DE UMA PLANÍCIE ALAGÁVEL PELAS CHUVAS EM RORAIMA, AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA JULIO DANIEL DO VALE Manaus, Amazonas Outubro, 2011 JULIO DANIEL DO VALE ASPECTOS DA LIMNOLOGIA E ECOLOGIA DA ICTIOFAUNA DE UMA PLANÍCIE ALAGÁVEL PELAS CHUVAS EM RORAIMA, AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA Orientador: Dr. JANSEN ALFREDO SAMPAIO ZUANON Co-orientador: Dr. William Ernest Magnusson Tese apresentada ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia (Ecologia). Manaus, Amazonas Outubro, 2011 RELAÇÃO DA BANCA JULGADORA Dra. ANA CRISTINA PETRY – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Parecer final: Aprovada) Dr. EFREM JORGE GONDIM FERREIRA – Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Parecer final: Aprovada) Dr. JERRY M. FERREIRA PENHA – Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (Parecer final: Aprovada com correções) Dr. JOSÉ LUIZ DE ATHAYDE – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Parecer final: Aprovada) Dr. MARCO A. RODRÍGUEZ – Universidade de Quebec Trois-Riviéres, Canadá (Parecer final: Aprovada com correções) Dr. SIDINEI MAGELA THOMAZ – Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Parecer final: Aprovada) Dr. VINICIUS FORTES FARJALLA – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Parecer final: Não emitiu parecer) i FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA V149 Do Vale, Julio Daniel Aspectos da limnologia e ecologia da ictiofauna de uma planície alagável pelas chuvas em Roraima, Amazônia brasileira / Julio Daniel do Vale. --- Manaus : [s.n.], 2012. xii, 121 f. : 24 il. Tese (doutorado) --- INPA, Manaus, 2012 Orientador : Jansen Alfredo SampaioZuanon Co-orientador : William Ernest Magnusson Área de concentração : Ecologia 1. Limnologia. 2. Planície de inundação. -
Field Guide to the Culture of Tambaqui (Colossoma Macropomum, Cuvier, 1816) Field Guide to the Culture of Tambaqui ( Colossoma Macropomum , Cuvier, 1816)
ISSN 2070-7010 FAO 624 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL PAPER 624 Field guide to the culture of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1816) Field guide to the culture of tambaqui ( Following a short introduction to the species and its closest commercially viable related species, namely pirapatinga (Piaractus brachypomus) and pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), this field guide provides practical information on the culture and reproduction of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Colossoma macropomum As a field guide it aims to support the understanding and dissemination of applicable technologies for the culture and reproduction of tambaqui, i.e. what should be done – as well as when and how it should be done – in order to achieve success in the artificial propagation as well as the fingerling and table fish production stages. The concise technical descriptions in this guide are accompanied by self-explanatory illustrations and a reader-friendly glossary of technical terms, which is important for tambaqui aquaculture farmers. , Cuvier, 1816) ISBN 978-92-5-131242-1 ISSN 2070-7010 978 9251 312421 FAO CA2955EN/1/01.19 Cover photographs: ©FAO/András Woynárovich. Illustrations and photos in this Technical Paper are courtesy of András Woynárovich. Images and photos courtesy of other authors are indicated separately. FAO FISHERIES AND Field guide AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL to the culture of tambaqui PAPER (Colossoma macropomum, 624 Cuvier, 1816) by András Woynárovich FAO Consultant Budapest, Hungary and Raymon Van Anrooy Fishery Industry Officer Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Rome, Italy FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2019 Required citation Woynárovich, A. and Van Anrooy, R. 2019. Field guide to the culture of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1816). -
Tese Vivian Nunes Gomes Pós Defesa
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE MARINGÁ CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA DE AMBIENTES AQUÁTICOS CONTINENTAIS VIVIAN NUNES GOMES Revisão taxonômica de Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844 e Myloplus Gill, 1896 (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) Maringá 2015 VIVIAN NUNES GOMES Revisão taxonômica de Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844 e Myloplus Gill, 1896 (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais do Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Ambientais. Área de concentração: Ciências Ambientais Orientadora: Dr.ª Carla Simone Pavanelli Maringá 2015 "Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-Publicação (CIP)" (Biblioteca Setorial - UEM. Nupélia, Maringá, PR, Brasil) Gomes, Vivian Nunes, 1986- G633r Revisão taxonômica de Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844 e Myloplus Gill, 1896 (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) / Vivian Nunes Gomes.-- Maringá, 2015. 123 f. : il. (algumas color.). Tese (doutorado em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais)--Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Dep. de Biologia, 2015. Orientadora: Dr.ª Carla Simone Pavanelli. 1. Myleus Müller & Troschel, 1844 (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) “pacu” - Revisão taxonômica. 2. Myloplus Gill, 1896 (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) “pacu” - Revisão taxonômica. 3. Peixes de água doce – Serrasalmidae (pacu) - Revisão taxonômica. I. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. -
Advances in Fish Biology Symposium,” We Are Including 48 Oral and Poster Papers on a Diverse Range of Species, Covering a Number of Topics
Advances in Fish Biology SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS Adalberto Val Don MacKinlay International Congress on the Biology of Fish Tropical Hotel Resort, Manaus Brazil, August 1-5, 2004 Copyright © 2004 Physiology Section, American Fisheries Society All rights reserved International Standard Book Number(ISBN) 1-894337-44-1 Notice This publication is made up of a combination of extended abstracts and full papers, submitted by the authors without peer review. The formatting has been edited but the content is the responsibility of the authors. The papers in this volume should not be cited as primary literature. The Physiology Section of the American Fisheries Society offers this compilation of papers in the interests of information exchange only, and makes no claim as to the validity of the conclusions or recommendations presented in the papers. For copies of these Symposium Proceedings, or the other 20 Proceedings in the Congress series, contact: Don MacKinlay, SEP DFO, 401 Burrard St Vancouver BC V6C 3S4 Canada Phone: 604-666-3520 Fax 604-666-0417 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.fishbiologycongress.org ii PREFACE Fish are so important in our lives that they have been used in thousands of different laboratories worldwide to understand and protect our environment; to understand and ascertain the foundation of vertebrate evolution; to understand and recount the history of vertebrate colonization of isolated pristine environments; and to understand the adaptive mechanisms to extreme environmental conditions. More importantly, fish are one of the most important sources of protein for the human kind. Efforts at all levels have been made to increase fish production and, undoubtedly, the biology of fish, especially the biology of unknown species, has much to contribute.