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Neotropical Monogenoidea. 30. Ancyrocephalinae (Dactylogyridae) of Piranha and Their Relatives (Teleostei, Serrasalmidae) from Brazil: Species of Calpidothecium Gen

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Neotropical Monogenoidea. 30. Ancyrocephalinae (Dactylogyridae) of Piranha and Their Relatives (Teleostei, Serrasalmidae) from Brazil: Species of Calpidothecium Gen J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 64(2), 1997 pp. 208-218 Neotropical Monogenoidea. 30. Ancyrocephalinae (Dactylogyridae) of Piranha and Their Relatives (Teleostei, Serrasalmidae) from Brazil: Species of Calpidothecium gen. n., Calpidothecioides gen. n., Odothecium gen. n., and Notothecioides gen. n. DELANE C. KRiTSKY,1-4 WALTER A. BoEGER,2 AND MICHEL JEGU3 1 College of Health Professions, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209 (e-mail: [email protected]), 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba, Parana 81530, Brazil, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) (e-mail: [email protected]), and 3 Antenne ORSTOM, Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie, MNHN, 43 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris Cedex, France (e-mail:jegu@ mnhn.fr) ABSTRACT: Two species of Calpidothecium, 2 species (1 new) of Calpidothecioides, 1 new species of Odo- thecium, and 1 new species of Notothecioides (Dactylogyridae, Ancyrocephalinae) are described and/or reported from the gills of 4 species of Serrasalmidae from the Brazilian Amazon: Calpidothecium crescentis (Mizelle and Price, 1965) comb. n. (syn. Urocleidus crescentis Mizelle and Price, 1965), C. serrasalmus (Mizelle and Price, 1965) comb. n. (syn. Cleidodiscus serrasalmus Mizelle and Price, 1965), and Calpidothecioides pygopristi sp. n. from Pygopristis denticulata; Odothecium raphidiophallum sp. n. from Catoprion mento; and Notothe- cioides llewellyni sp. n. from Myleus torquatus and M. rubripinnis. Four new genera are proposed: Calpido- thecium is characterized by dactylogyrids with a single vagina opening sinistrolaterally, 1 pair of eyes, overlap- ping gonads, a seminal vesicle representing a dextral loop of the vas deferens, and a distal rod of the accessory piece with terminal branches; Calpidothecioides is characterized by species with a double vagina (left branch opening sinistrolaterally, right branch looping right cecum and opening on the dorsomedial body surface), 1 pair of eyes, overlapping gonads, a seminal vesicle comprising a dextral loop of the vas deferens, and a simple termination of the distal rod of the accessory piece; Odothecium is characterized by helminths with a single vagina looping the left cecum and opening on the middorsal body surface, 2 pairs of eyes, overlapping gonads, a seminal vesicle representing a dextral loop of the vas deferens, and a hook-shaped termination of the distal rod of the accessory piece; Notothecioides is characterized by species with the vagina looping the left cecum and opening on the middorsal body surface, 2 pairs of eyes, overlapping gonads, a sigmoid seminal vesicle, and a simple or hook-shaped termination of the distal rod of the accessory piece. Urocleidus orthus Mizelle and Price, 1965, is transferred to Calpidothecioides. KEY WORDS: Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae, Ancyrocephalinae, Calpidothecioides gen. n., Calpidothecium gen. n., Notothecioides gen. n., Odothecium gen. n., Calpidothecioides orthus comb, n., Calpidothecioides py- gopristi sp. n., Calpidothecium serrasalmus comb, n., Calpidothecium crescentis comb, n., Notothecioides llew- ellyni sp. n., Odothecium raphidiophallum sp. n., Serrasalmidae, Catoprion mento, Pygopristis denticulata, My- leus rubripinnis, Myleus torquatus, Amazon Basin, Brazil. The present paper is the third of 4 contribu- and Troschel), and Pygopristis denticulata (Cu- tions dealing with the Ancyrocephalinae from vier)] and parasite collection, preparation of hel- the gills of Serrasalmidae from the Brazilian minths for study, measurement, and illustration Amazon (see Kritsky et al. [1996, 1997, 199X]) are those of Kritsky et al. (1986, 1996). Mea- and includes the proposal of 4 new genera. surements, all in u,m, represent straight-line dis- Three new species are described; and Urocleidus tances between extreme points and are expressed crescentis Mizelle and Price, 1965, U. orthus as a mean followed by the range and number of Mizelle and Price, 1965, and Cleidodiscus ser- specimens measured in parentheses; body length rasalmus Mizelle and Price, 1965, are reas- includes that of the haptor; length of the acces- signed to neotropical genera. sory piece is that of the distal rod. Measure- Methods of host [Catoprion mento (Cuvier), ments of internal organs (gonads and pharynx), Myleus torquatus (Kner), M. rubripinnis (Miiller the body, and haptoral bars were obtained from stained unflattened specimens; those of the an- chors, hooks, and copulatory complex were 4 Corresponding author. from unstained specimens mounted in Gray and 208 Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington KRITSKY ET AL.—NEOTROPICAL MONOGENOIDEA 209 Wess' medium. Numbering (distribution) of and ventral anchor/bar complexes, 7 pairs of hook pairs follows that recommended by Miz- similar hooks with ancyrocephaline distribution. elle (1936; see Mizelle and Price [1963]). Type Hooks similar; each with delicate point, truncate and voucher specimens are deposited in the hel- protruding thumb, expanded shank comprising 2 minth collections of Institute Nacional de Pes- subunits; proximal subunit variable in length be- quisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil (INPA); the tween hook pairs. FH loop extending to union United States National Parasite Collection, of shank subunits. Ventral bar lacking antero- Beltsville, Maryland (USNPC); and the Univer- medial projection. Parasites of gills of serrasal- sity of Nebraska State Museum (HWML), as in- mid fishes. dicated in the respective descriptions or ac- TYPE SPECIES: Calpidothecium crescentis counts. For comparative purposes, the following (Mizelle and Price, 1965) comb. n. from Pygo- specimens also were examined: holotype centrus nattereri (type host) and Pygopristis (USNPC 60465), Urocleidus crescentis Mizelle denticulata. and Price, 1965; holotype (USNPC 60466), U. OTHER SPECIES: Calpidothecium serrasalmus orthus Mizelle and Price, 1965; and holotype (Mizelle and Price, 1965) comb. n. from Pygo- (USNPC 60464), Cleidodiscus serrasalmus Miz- centrus nattereri (type host) and Pygopristis elle and Price, 1965. denticulata. REMARKS: Calpidothecium is characterized Taxonomic Account by dactylogyrids, with a single vagina opening Class Monogenoidea Bychowsky, 1937 sinistrolaterally, 1 pair of eyes, overlapping go- Order Dactylogyridea Bychowsky, 1937 nads, a seminal vesicle representing a dextral Dactylogyridae Bychowsky, 1933 loop of vas deferens, and a distal rod of the ac- Ancyrocephalinae Bychowsky, 1937 cessory piece with terminal branches. It is ap- Calpidothecium gen. n. parently sister group of Calpidothecioides gen. n. based on 2 synapomorphies: lost or tendency DIAGNOSIS: Body fusiform, comprising ce- to loose the anterior pair of eyes, and presence phalic region, trunk, peduncle, haptor. Tegument of a seminal vesicle with circular muscles in its thin, smooth, or with scaled annulations. Two wall. It differs from Calpidothecioides by lack- terminal, 2 bilateral cephalic lobes; head organs, ing a dextral branch of the vagina. The generic unicellular cephalic glands present. Anterior name is from Greek {kalpidos = an urn + theke eyes absent, infrequently represented by single = a small case). cluster of granules; granules elongate ovate. Mouth subterminal, midventral; pharynx mus- Calpidothecium crescentis cular, glandular; esophagus short; intestinal ceca (Mizelle and Price, 1965) comb. n. 2, confluent posterior to testis, lacking divertic- (Figs. 1, 4-11) ula. Gonads intercecal, overlapping; testis dorsal SYNONYM: Urocleidus crescentis Mizelle to germarium. Vas deferens looping left intesti- and Price, 1965. nal cecum; seminal vesicle comprising a dextral RECORDS: Pygopristis denticulata: Rio Uatu- loop of vas deferens, with circular muscles in ma, Lago Tapana, near Santana, Amazonas wall. Two saccate prostatic reservoirs; prostates (58°00'W 02°38'S) (3 November 1989); Rio comprising rosette of glandular areas lying in Xingu, Parana Maxipana, Para (52°02' 12"W dorsal field of anterior trunk. Genital pore mid- 02°17' 41"S) (17, 18 October 1992); Rio Ara- ventral near level of cecal bifurcation. Copula- guari, Lago Comprido, Amapa (50°08' 12"W tory complex comprising articulated copulatory 01°22'21"N) (15 August 1992). organ, accessory piece; copulatory organ tubu- PREVIOUS RECORD: Pygocentrus nattereri lar, single ramus opening terminally or subter- (type host). Amazon River (type locality). The minally; distal rod of accessory piece with ter- original host was obtained from Steinhart minal digitations, proximal articulation process Aquarium, San Francisco, California (Mizelle present. Vagina nonsclerotized; vaginal aperture and Price, 1965). sinistrolateral; vaginal duct opening proximally SPECIMENS STUDIED: Holotype from Pygo- to anterior wall of seminal receptacle; seminal centrus nattereri, USNPC 60465; 47 vouchers receptacle lying on midline anterior to germar- from Pygopristis denticulata, USNPC 85891, ium. Haptor subhexagonal; with pairs of dorsal 85892, 85893. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 210 JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, 64(2), JULY 1997 Figs. 1—3. Whole mount illustrations of Calpidothecium spp. and Calpidothecioides pygopristi sp. n. (composite, ventral views). Fig. 1. Calpidothecium crescentis (Mizelle and Price, 1965) comb. n. (from Pygopristis denticulata). Fig. 2. Calpidothecium serrasalmus (Mizelle and Price, 1965) comb. n. (from Py- gopristis denticulata). Fig. 3. Calpidothecioides pygopristi sp. n. All drawings are to respective 100-fjim scales. REDESCRIPTION:
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