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Petrology, Petrophysics and Fracture Mineralogy of the Drill Core Sample OL-KR19 and OL-KR19B

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Petrology, Petrophysics and Fracture Mineralogy of the Drill Core Sample OL-KR19 and OL-KR19B Working Report 2007-44 Petrology, Petrophysics and Fracture Mineralogy of the Drill Core Sample OL-KR19 and OL-KR19B Seppo Gehör Aulis Kärki Markku Paananen June 2007 POSIVA OY FI-27160 OLKILUOTO, FINLAND Tel +358-2-8372 31 Fax +358-2-8372 3709 Working Report 2007-44 Petrology, Petrophysics and Fracture Mineralogy of the Drill Core Sample OL-KR19 and OL-KR19B Seppo Gehör Aulis Kärki Kivitieto Oy Markku Paananen Geological Survey of Finland June 2007 Base maps: ©National Land Survey, permission 41/MYY/07 Working Reports contain information on work in progress or pending completion. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of author(s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of Posiva. ABSTRACT This report represents the results of the studies dealing with the drill core samples OL- KR19 and OL-KR19B, drilled in the northern part of the Olkiluoto study site. Lithological properties, whole rock chemical compositions, mineral compositions, textures, petrophysical properties and low temperature fracture infill minerals are described. Veined gneisses dominate the NW part of the focal study site of Olkiluoto and the bedrock intersected by the boreholes OL-KR19 and KR19B are composed for the most part of veined gneisses. Besides to those, several 5 - 10 m long pegmatitic granite intersections and one, close to 30 m long mica gneiss intersection have been detected in the core sample. TGG gneiss sections among various veined gneisses have been found in the core sample section extending from drilling length of 130 m to 210 m. Detailed Petrological properties have been analysed from 19 samples. The P series is represented by one acidic TGG gneiss sample which contains more than 66% SiO2 and in which the P2O5 concentration exceeds 0.3% and CaO 2%. Selected mica gneiss samples represent moderate chemical variant among the gneisses and migmatites of the P series by having slightly below 60% SiO2 and close to 0.7% P2O5. Mafic gneiss sample is also quite typical amphibole bearing and mica rich rock of the P series. Low concentration of SiO2 (48%) and high concentrations of phosphorus (1.4% P2O5) and titanium (2.6% TiO2) analysed from this sample are characteristic for the less silicic members of the series. Two mica gneiss and three quartz gneiss samples are chemically close to identical and they fall into the low-calcium group of the S-series due to their moderate (2 – 4% CaO) calcium contents. The T-type gneisses and migmatites cover extensively the range of the whole T-series. Petrophysical properties were studied from 19 samples. The parameters measured were density, magnetic susceptibility, natural remanet magnetization, electrical resistivity, P- wave velocity and porosity. Borehole has 2.6 fractures/metre. The chief fracture minerals include illite, kaolinite, unspecified mixed clay phases (mainly illite, chlorite, and smectite-group), iron sulphides and calcite. A number of fracture plains are covered by cohesive chlorite. Pervasive illitization concerns as much as 44 % of the total core length and in addition to that the fracture related kaolinite and illite infillings form a number of filling sequences. They are disseminated all along the core sample and have 20 metres core length in maximum. Calcitic fracture fillings and calcite stockworks occur all along the drill core sample and they constitute sequences which have 16 m core length in average. The percentage of carbonaceous fractures is as much as 50 % of the bore hole length. 2 Kairanäytteen OL-KR19 ja OL-KR19B petrologia, petrofysiikka ja rakomineralogia TIIVISTELMÄ Tässä raportissa esitetään kairausnäytteitä OL-KR19 ja OL-KR19B koskevien tutkimus- ten tulokset. Kyseiset kairanreiät on tehty Olkiluodon tutkimusalueen pohjoisosaan. Raportissa esitetään kairausnäytteen litologiaa sekä valittujen näytteiden kokokiven ke- miallista koostumusta, mineraalikoostumusta, tekstuuria ja petrofysikaalisia ominai- suuksia käsittelevien tutkimusten tulokset. Samoin kuvataan matalan lämpötilan raon- täytemineraalit Suonigneissit ovat hallitsevia Olkiluodon keskeisen tutkimusalueen luoteisosassa ja tarkasteltujen kairanreikien lävistämä kallioperä koostuu pääosin kyseisenkaltaisista migmatiiteista. Niiden lisäksi on lävistetty useita 5 – 10 m:n levyisiä pegmatiittisia gra- niitteja ja yksi lähes 30 m:n kiillegneissijakso. Poikkeava, TGG-gneisseistä ja erilaisista suonigneisseistä koostuva jakso on lävistetty kairauspituusvälillä 130 – 210 m. Yksityiskohtaiset petrologiset ominaisuudet on analysoitu 19 näytteestä. P-sarjaa edustaa yksi hapan TGG-gneissinäyte, joka sisältää yli 66 % SiO2:ta ja jossa P2O5– pitoisuus ylittää 0,3 % ja CaO 2 %. Valitut kiillegneissinäytteet edustavat keskin- kertaisia muunnoksia P-sarjan gneissien ja migmatiittien joukossa sisältäen hieman alle 60 % SiO2:ta ja lähes 0,7 % P2O5:ta. Mafinen gneissinäyte on myös hyvin tyypillinen amfibolipitoinen ja kiillerikas P-sarjan kivi. Näytteen matala SiO2–pitoisuus (48 %) ja korkeat fosfori- (1,4 % P2O5) ja titaanipitoisuudet (2,6 % TiO2) ovat luonteenomaisia sarjan emäksisimmille kivilajeille. Kaksi kiillegneissi- ja kolme kvartsigneissinäytettä ovat keskenään kemiallisesti lähes identtisiä ja ne luokittuvat S-sarjan matalan kalsium- pitoisuuden alaryhmään verrattain alhaisen (2 – 4 % CaO) kalsiumpitoisuutensa takia. T-sarjan gneissit edustavat varsin kattavasti koko sarjaa ja koostumukseltaan ne ovat tavanomaisia. Petrofysikaaliset ominaisuudet on määritetty 19 näytteestä. Mitatut parametrit ovat tiheys, magneettinen suskebtibiliteetti, luonnollinen remanentti magnetoituma, sähkö- vastus, P-aallon nopeus ja huokoisuus. Kairausnäytteen OL-KR19 rakotiheys on keskimäärin 2,6 rakoa/metri. Rakoilu painot- tuu hydrotermisiin muuttumisvyöhykkeisiin ja muihin rikkonaisuusvyöhykkeisiin, joissa rakojen täytteinä esiintyy illiittiä, kaoliniittia, erikseen määrittelemättömiä useam- man savispesieksen muodostamia savisseostäytteitä (pääasiassa illiitti, kloriitti ja smektiitti-ryhmä), rautasulfideja ja kalsiittia. Kloriitti muodostaa tyypillisesti rakojen pinnoille kiinteän katteen, joka on usein alustana muille rakotäytteille. Kairauslävis- tyksestä on jopa 44 % läpikotaisesti illiittiytynyttä. Rakotäytteisiin liittyvän iliitti- kaoliniittimuuttumisen kairausleikkauspituus on keskimäärin 20 metriä. Kalsiittival- taisia täyteseurantoja esiintyy 50 %:ssa kairausnäytteen koko pituudesta. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT TIIVISTELMÄ 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Location and General Geology of Olkiluoto ..................................................... 3 1.2 Boreholes and Drill Core Samples OL-KR19 and OL-KR19B.......................... 6 1.3 The aim of this study and research methods ................................................... 6 1.4 Research Activities .......................................................................................... 7 2 PETROLOGY ......................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Lithology........................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Whole Rock Chemistry .................................................................................. 17 2.3 Petrography ................................................................................................... 21 3 PETROPHYSICS.................................................................................................. 27 3.1 Density and magnetic properties ................................................................... 28 3.2 Electrical properties and porosity................................................................... 29 3.3 P-wave velocity .............................................................................................. 30 4 FRACTURE MINERALOGY ................................................................................. 31 4.1 Fracture fillings at the major pervasive alteration zones................................ 35 4.2 Fracture fillings outside the major hydrothermal fracture zones .................... 37 4.3 Water flow indication...................................................................................... 39 4.4 Relationship between fracture filling data and calvanic connection ................. measurements ............................................................................................... 41 5 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 43 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 47 APPENDICES............................................................................................................... 49 2 3 1 INTRODUCTION According to the Nuclear Energy Act, all nuclear waste generated in Finland must be handled, stored and permanently disposed of in Finland. The two nuclear power companies, Teollisuuden Voima Oy and Fortum Power and Heat Oy, are responsible for the safe management of the waste. The power companies have established a joint company, Posiva Oy, to implement the disposal programme for spent fuel, whilst other nuclear wastes are handled and disposed of by the power companies themselves. The plans for the disposal of spent fuel are based on the KBS-3 concept, which was originally developed by the Swedish SKB. The spent fuel elements will be encapsulated in metal canisters and emplaced
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