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2 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT

PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 3

CONTENT

1. Executive Summary ...... 4 2. Introduction: Brief Overview ...... 7 2.1. Historical Perspective ...... 7 2.3. Spatial Status ...... 9 3. Social Development Profile ...... 10 3.1. Key Social Demographics ...... 10 3.1.1. Population ...... 10 3.1.2. Gender, Age and Race ...... 11 3.1.3. Households ...... 12 3.2. Health Profile ...... 12 3.3. COVID - 19...... 13 3.4. Poverty Dimensions ...... 16 3.4.1. Inequality ...... 16 3.4.2. Inequality ...... 17 3.4.3. Employed /Unemployed ...... 17 3.4.4. Crime ...... 19 3.5. Education and Skills Profile ...... 19 4. Drivers of the Economy ...... 21 4.1. Structure of the Economy ...... 21 4.2. Primary Sector ...... 22 4.3. Secondary Sector ...... 23 4.4. Tertiary Sector ...... 24 5. Service Delivery ...... 25 5.1. Water and Sanitation ...... 25 5.2. Human Settlements ...... 26 5.3. Electricity ...... 27 5.4. Waste Management ...... 28 5.5. Roads and Transport ...... 29 6. Governance and Management ...... 29 6.1. Performance ...... 29 6.2. Municipal Capacity ...... 30 6.3. Traditional Affairs Governance ...... 32 7. Projects to Diversify and Grow People and the Economy ...... 33 7.1. Spatial Development ...... 33 7.2. Environmental forecast ...... 34 8. Key Recommendations ...... 34 8.1. Prioritise Integrated Development Plan ...... 34

4 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT

PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 5

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COVID

NgakaModiri Molema

Source:CSIR/NCDM

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19Vulnerability Index

6 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT

1. Executive Summary Ngaka Modiri Molema District is one of four district in the North West province and covers an area of approximately 28 114km². There is currently 961 960 people living in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality and is comprised of 268 099 households. There are 640 000 (67.66%) people living in poverty, using the upper poverty line definition, across Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality - this is 3.14% higher than the 621 000 in 2008.

In respect of the recent Covid-19 outbreak, the North West province has some of the lowest confirmed cases of Covid-19 nationally. As at 5 June 2020, The Bojanala District has the highest cases at 186 with 33 recoveries and 1 death. Dr Kenneth Kaunda follows at 99 with 20 recoveries. Ngaka Modiri Molema now has 19 cases with 5 recovered while Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati has 5 cases and 1 has recovered. The District has a total of 11 quarantine facilities with a combined total of 196 beds. As of 29 May 2020, only three of the sites have been activated. The District displays high to extreme vulnerability with places such as , , Zeekoeivlei, Coligny and having extreme vulnerability. Ngaka Modiri Molema District has 11.74% of the population without any education. The number of people who fall within the 'Matric only' category is at 24.25% while those with a 'Matric and a Bachelor's' degree are at 3.77%. The economy of the District is driven by the tertiary sector, with the community services sector being the largest within Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality accounting for R18.2 billion or 36.5% of the total GVA in the District Municipality's economy. The sector that contributes the least to the economy of Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality is the construction sector with a contribution of R 1.53 billion or 3.08% of the total GVA. The Strategic Location of the District offers great opportunities towards the economic development of the District and is underpinned by various development corridors. The economic opportunities that lie within the District have the potential to create much- needed jobs, reduce poverty and inequality. The administration of the District has experienced challenges. Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality obtained adverse audit opinion in 2018/19 and disclaimer audit opinion for the past 2 years. Currently the District is under Section 137 of MFMA in terms of Financial Recovery Plan which was invoked by the MEC in 2018.

PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 7

2. Introduction: Brief Overview 2.1. Historical Perspective The Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality (NMMDM) is a category C municipality i.e. a municipality that has municipal executive and legislative authority in an area that includes more than one municipality. Ngaka Modiri Molema District is one of four district municipalities in the North West Province and covers an area of approximately 28 114km².

The District is named after Dr. Silas Modiri Molema (Silas Modiri), the National Secretary of the African National Congress (ANC) in 1949 and a medical practitioner with a large practice serving both White and Black South Africans. The District is known for the Anglo-Boer War sites and the region covers parts of the former Western & homeland.

The municipal area is fairly flat and dry in the west, and a bushveld on the east, and offers game viewing including bird watching, hunting and fishing. The Baberspan Bird Sanctuary is another hidden jewel of the District as well as the province. The site attracts people from as far as Holland, but the facility lacks the infrastructure that would attract bird lovers the world over.

“THE DISTRICT IS NAMED AFTER DR. SILAS MODIRI MOLEMA (SILAS MODIRI), THE NATIONAL SECRETARY OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (ANC) IN 1949 AND A MEDICAL PRACTITIONER WITH A LARGE PRACTICE SERVING BOTH WHITE AND BLACK SOUTH AFRICANS.”

2.2. Location Ngaka Modiri Molema District (DC38) is centrally located within the province and shares a boundary with Bojanala Platinum District Municipality to its east, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District to its west and Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality to south. The District shares an international border with the Republic of to the north, “a gateway to the broader Southern African Development Countries (SADC) region”.

8 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT

The District comprises of five local municipalities, namely Mahikeng, Ratlou, Ramotshere Moiloa, Ditsobotla and Tswaing Local Municipality.

• Mahikeng Local Municipality, previously known as Mafikeng Local Municipality, Mahikeng is the capital city of the North West Province and is also the seat of the District. It is situated next to the Botswana border, and is a three-hour drive from and about 294km from . It is the seat of the Provincial Legislature and home to a majority of the National State Departments regional offices. Key towns in the municipality include, Mahikeng, Mmabatho and . • Ratlou Local Municipality, previously known as Setla-Kgobi Local Municipality. Ratlou municipality is predominantly a rural municipality and does not have large economic centres. Key towns include, Disaneng, , , and . A number of government services are conducted from various centres that are mainly located in Setlagole. • Ramotshere Moiloa Local Municipality, is a Category B municipality and was previously known as Local Municipality. It is the largest municipality in the District, accounting for a quarter of its geographical area. The seat of the municipality is Zeerust. • Ditsobotla Local Municipality, was established through the amalgamation of the former Lichtenburg, Coligny and Transitional Councils. The municipality’s main attractions include cultural, heritage and agricultural museums. PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 9

Key towns include Biesiesvlei, Coligny and Lichtenburg, with the seat of Ditsobotla municipality being in Lichtenburg. • Tswaing Local Municipality, consists of the towns of , and . The municipality’s head office is located in Delareyville. It is predominantly rural and faces a number of services delivery challenges.

Ngaka Modiri Molema District is strategically located close to various development corridors namely, - the Platinum Corridor (), which stretches from the east to the west of the District connecting the Republic of with Botswana and Mozambique. - The Western Frontier Corridor which runs from Warrenton through and Mahikeng to on the border with Botswana. - route which provides the link between Gauteng and the Northern Cape province. The District is supported by the Johannesburg- Vryburg line which is also joining up with the Johannesburg- railway line in the West. The strategic location of the District offers great opportunities towards the economic development of the District. Mahikeng which also has an airport with necessary capacity to be operational, however the airport has been closed for some years now and is not in use.

2.3. Spatial Status The District is largely rural and is made-up of, 8 towns, 21 townships, 198 villages and 103 wards. In addition, the District has 22 Traditional Leaders with about 90% of the District’s population living in traditional authority areas. Like most of South Africa’s rural communities, Ngaka Modiri Molema is characterised by socio-economic inequalities which result in high levels of poverty in the areas. However, the District consist of high potential agricultural land and tourism sites.

In terms of land ownership, some progress has been made in the land claim processes in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality to date. Out of the 138 land claims that have been lodged, 118 (85.5%) were settled. Moreover, of the remaining 14.5% (20) of the land claims, the majority is partially complete. The map below depicts the land reform and restitution areas in the District Municipality.

“IT IS STRATEGICALLY LOCATED CLOSE TO VARIOUS DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS, WHICH OFFERS GREAT OPPORTUNITIES TOWARDS THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTRICT” 10 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT

3. Social Development Profile 3.1. Key Social Demographics 3.1.1. Population With 961 960 people, Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality housed approximately 1.6% of South Africa's total population or 23.3% of the total population in the North-West province in 2019. Between 2008 and 2018, the population growth increased from 0.6% to 1.58% in 2019. The Ditsobotla Local Municipality increased the most, in terms of population growth, with an average annual growth rate of 1.7%, while Mahikeng Local Municipality had the second highest growth in terms of its population, with an average annual growth rate of 1.5%. The Ratlou Local Municipality had the lowest average annual growth rate of 0.55% relative to the other within the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality.

PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 11

Based on the present age-gender structure and the present fertility, mortality and migration rates, Ngaka Modiri Molema's population is projected to grow at an average annual rate of 1.6% from 946 989 in 2018 to 1.02 million in 2023. The North-West province is estimated to have average growth rate of 1.6% which is higher than the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality. South Africa as a whole is estimated to have an average annual growth rate of 1.5% which is lower than that of Ngaka Modiri Molema's growth rate.

3.1.2. Gender, Age and Race The Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality appears to be a fairly stable population with the share of female population (51.31%) being very similar to the national average of (51.05%). The District has a total of 493 707 (51.31%) females and 468 252 (48.69%) males. This is different from the North-West Province as a whole where the female population counted 2 052 749 which constitutes 49.6% of the total population of 4 141 939. The District Municipality's male/female split in population was 94.9 males per 100 females in 2018.

Male Female Total Ngaka Modiri Molema 468 252 493 707 961 960 Bojanala Platinum 975 074 873 059 1 848 133 Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati 250 530 271 876 522 406 Dr Kenneth Kaunda 395 334 414 107 809 441 North-West 2 089 190 2 052 749 4 141 939

Population By Gender - North-West Province, 2019 Source: Ihs Markit Regional Explorer Version 1803

12 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT

The largest share of population is within the babies and kids (0-14 years) age category with a total number of 319 977 or 33.26% of the total population. The age category with the second largest number of people is the young working age (25-44 years) age category with a total share of 27.75% (266 984 people), followed by the older working age (45-64 years) age category with 161 399 (16.77%) people. The age category with the least number of people is the retired / old age (65 years and older) age category with only 66 210 people or 6.88%.

The Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality's population consisted of 94.34% African (893 000), 3.38% White (32 000), 1.56% Coloured (14 800) and 0.72% Asian (6 840) people. Setswana is the most spoken language at 88.29%, followed by and Sesotho at 3.29% and 2.26% respectively.

3.1.3. Households In 2019, the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality comprised of 268 099 households. This population accounts to one fifth of the population in the North West province. Approximately 72.8% of the households within Ngaka Modiri Molema District live in fully paid off properties or properties that are in the process of being ‘fully paid off’. About 10% of the households live in properties rented from private individuals and 7% of households are occupying rent free.

Approximately 41.2% of the households in the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality were headed by women. 2 579 households were headed by children under the age of 18 years. 41.4% of the child-headed households are headed by the girl child. Approximately 13.4% child-headed households that are residing in informal dwellings (shacks).

3.2. Health Profile The leading cause of death for children below the age of 4 years are communicable diseases. For children between the ages 5 and 14 the leading cause of death are communicable diseases and injuries. 59% of males between the ages 15-24 die because of injuries whereas most females in that age category die because of HIV/Aids and TB related diseases. This is also the case for females between the ages PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 13

of 25 and 49 years. This is also the leading cause of death for males between 25 and 49 years. Males (66%) and Females (79%) above the age of 50 die because of Non Communicable diseases.

In 2018, NMMD had 79 clinics, 16 community health centres, 5 district hospitals, 1 regional hospital and 1 special psychiatric hospital to provide holistic care services to the District residents. In terms of accessibility of health care services there is still a challenge as some clinics do not operate on a 24hr basis and Communities find it difficult to get health care services during a time of need.

Health Facilities BOJ DKK DRSM NMMD TOTAL Clinic 109 30 50 79 268 Satellite Clinic 2 2 0 0 4 Community Health Centre 8 9 12 16 45 District Hospital 3 2 4 5 14 Regional Hospital 0 1 1 1 3 Provincial Tertiary Hospital 1 2 0 0 3 Specialised Psychiatric Hospital 1 0 1 2 Total 123 47 67 102 339 Number Health Facilities Across District Municipalities Source: North West Provincial Treasury (2018)

When comparing to other Districts in the province, Ngaka Modiri Molema District has the second highest health facilities in the province, while Dr Kenneth Kaunda had the least at 47.

3.3. COVID - 19

The North West province has some of the lowest confirmed cases of Covid-19 nationally. The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in collaboration with Albert Luthuli Centre for Responsible leadership have developed a set of COVID- 19 Vulnerability Indicators using available data and knowledge. It identifies 14 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT vulnerabilities present in communities and identifying areas in need of targeted coordinated interventions and early response. The purpose of the indicators is intended to support the early prevention/mitigation and preparedness phase of the disaster management cycle and informing disaster management decision making. It is not based on epidemiological modelling but a response to highlighting intervention areas due to underlying situation. The composition of the index follows two main factors, namely: transmission potential and health susceptibility.

Transmission potential areas identify areas that prevent social distancing to be practiced and where limitations of practicing good basic hygiene. The health susceptibility index denotes areas where large number of people are potential more susceptible to being adversely affected by COVID-10 due to factors such as age and underlying health conditions. The Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality’s vulnerability profile is presented below. The map shows low vulnerability areas (blue dotted areas) versus areas with higher vulnerability (red dotted areas).

The District displays high to extreme vulnerability with places such as Mahikeng, Mmabatho, Zeekoeivlei, Coligny and Geysdorp having extreme vulnerability. Lichtenburg, Zeerust and Welbedacht shows low vulnerability as it is sparsely populated. Area specific live GIS vulnerability maps are available courtesy of CSIR at: https://pta-gis-2-web1.csir.co.za/portal2/apps/opsdashboard/#/390a74fb10844c7a85396e60555a866d PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 15

As at 5 June 2020, the Bojanala District has the highest cases at 186 with 33 recoveries and 1 death. Dr Kenneth Kaunda follows at 99 with 20 recoveries. Ngaka Modiri Molema now has 19 cases with 5 recoveries while Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District has 5 cases and only 1 has recovered. The District has a total of eleven (11) quarantine facilities with a combined total of 196 beds. As of 29 May 2020, only three of the sites have been activated.

STATE- POTENTIAL SITE/ NO OF BEDS TOWN OWNED OR ACTIVATED SITE BUILDING NAME AVAILABLE PRIVATE Pending Zeerust Klein Mariko Resort 76 Pending Lichtenburg Lichtenburg Vakansie Oord State-Owned 50 Pending Mafikeng 29 Gorden Street Pending Mafikeng NU Mahikeng Hotel School State-Owned 23 Pending Mafikeng NU Gelukspan Hospital Private 30 Pending Mafikeng NU Kgora Resource Centre State-Owned Pending Zeerust - old Dept of Home Lehurutshe State-Owned Pending Affairs Offices Mafikeng Cookes Lake Reserve State-Owned 10 Activated Mafikeng NU Mafikeng Game Reserve State-Owned 6 Activated Mafikeng NU Mafikeng Hospital State-Owned 1 Activated

In response to Covid-19, numerous interventions have been put in place to combat COVID-19. The Department of Social Development is implementing a feeding programme comprising of all centre base feeding services such as Community Nutrition and Development Centres (CNDC). To this end in NMMD a total of 1 676 beneficiaries were reached through the Community Nutrition and Development Programme.

The Department of Water and Sanitation has appointed Rand Water as an implementing agent for the provision of emergency water supply to communities as well as for sanitation projects in high risk areas. The table below shows the distribution level of the water infrastructure across the District.

Number of Tanks Tankers Tankers Local Municipality Delivered Installed villages Allocated allocated delivered benefiting Ratlou LM 42 42 41 2 2 9 Ditsobotla LM 38 38 37 2 2 5 Mafikeng LM 64 64 67 4 4 9 Tswaing LM 67 56 37 2 2 10 Ramotshere LM 67 78 78 3 3 11 Total 278 278 260 13 13 44 Provision of Water Infrastructure 16 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT

Total Project Name Project Description Projected Costs

Incomplete project - done by Pump test and equip 02 existing boreholes at Middleton R 4 500 000,00 Sedibeng(Middleton C) C and erect the 04 Km bulk pipeline to the storage tank.

Incomplete project - done by Drilling 3 borehole and equip, construct a bulk line and R 5 000 000,00 Sedibeng() connect to the storage Tank

Welbedagcht Unit 1- Drill and equip an estimation of 03 boreholes, construct a Manchester Section Drilling R 4 000 000,00 bulk pipeline and connect to existing storage. and equipping of boreholes Besiesvlei Drilling and equipping of boreholes & Drill and equip an estimation 06 boreholes, bulk pipeline R 5 000 000,00 bulk pipeline Madibogo - Ramabesa Drilling and equipping of Drill and equip an estimation of 02 additional boreholes, R 5 000 000,00 boreholes, storage tank and construct 100kl storage tank and connect to the network. connect Refurbishment of Ottosdal Waste Water Treatment Refurbishment of Ottosdal Waste Water Treatment R 8 500 000,00 plant- Mechanical and plant- Mechanical and Electrical Electrical Drilling and equipping of 1 new borehole, equipping of 2 Venture - Drilling and existing boreholes, construct a storage tank, reticulation R 3 000 000,00 equipping of new borehole and standpipes. Rietpoort - Drilling and Drill and equip two boreholes, equip 2 existing boreholes R 2 500 000,00 equipping of boreholes and connection to the existing line Zeerust (Sandvlaakte) - Refurbishment of pump station (supply and install 2 Refurbishment of pump R 2 000 000,00 booster pumps). station Venture - Supply and Install Supply and Install 200 VIP's R 2 500 000,00 VIP's The replacement of the underground sewer network for Atamelang sewer network the targeted area entailing excavation, removal and R 2 613 484,70 Up replacement of existing pipelines with bigger diameter pvc pipes and associated works.

3.4. Poverty Dimensions 3.4.1. Inequality There are 640 000 (67.66%) people living in poverty, using the upper poverty line definition, across Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality - this is 3.14% higher than the 621 000 in 2008. The percentage of people living in poverty has decreased from PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 17

75.08% in 2008 to 67.66% in 2018, which indicates a decrease of 7.42 percentage points.

Number and percentage of people in poverty Ngaka Modiri Molema, 2008-2018 Number of people in poverty 660 000 76% 640 000 74% 620 000 72% 70% 600 000 68% 580 000 66% 560 000 64% 540 000 62% 520 000 60% 500 000 58% 480 000 56% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1803

3.4.2. Inequality The Gini-Coeffient is 0.60 for the District as recorded in 2019. This is slightly lower than the provincial gini-coefficient at 0.61 and the national gini-coefficient at 0.63. Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality has an HDI of 0.581 which is lower compared to the North-West and National total at 0.625 and 0.658 respectively. South Africa recorded a higher HDI in 2018 when compared to Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality which translates to worse human development for Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality compared to South Africa.

The per capita income in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality is R 40 100 and is lower than both the National Total (R58 800) and of the North-West Province (R 52 300) per capita income. In relation to household goods, 89% of households have access to a cell phone, 76% to a television and 65% to a radio. Only about 22% of households have access to a car. 15% have access to a computer and 40% of the household use a cellphone to access the internet.

3.4.3. Employed /Unemployed The number of formally employed people in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality counted 204 593 in 2019, which is about 84.69% of total employment, while the number of people employed in the informal sector counted 36 972 or 15.31% of the total employment. In Ngaka Modiri Molema District the economic sectors that has the largest number of employees is the community service sector at 33.5% of total formal employment in the District followed by the trade sector with 36 254 people or 17.7%. The electricity sector with 0.6% (1 316 people) is the formal sector that employs the 18 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT least number of people in Ngaka Modiri Molema District, followed by the mining sector at 2.5%.

Informal employment in Ngaka Modiri Molema District increased from 27 000 in 2009 to an estimated 36 972 in 2019. The majority of the informal employment lies in the trade sector with 14 647 (39.61%) jobs whilst manufacturing had the least informal jobs at 2 020 (5.46%).

An inspection was conducted to check the Compliance of Traders (Monitor compliance of Liquor traders, SMMEs, Spaza shops to comply with the Legislation and the COVID 19 regulations). In Mahikeng, 29 Businesses inspected;05 x tuck shops and 3 were closed and 10 x Liquor stores non complaint to COVID 19 regulations.

In 2019, the unemployment rate in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality (based on the official definition of unemployment) was 19.2%, which is a decrease of -4.46 percentage points. The unemployment rate in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality is lower than that of North-West which is at 28.8%. The unemployment rate for South Africa was 28.2% in 2019, which is an increase of -3.72 percentage points from 23.59% in 2008.

Number of unemployed & Unemployment rate Ngaka Modiri Molema, 2008-2018 64 000 30%

62 000 25% 60 000 20% 58 000

56 000 15%

54 000 10% 52 000 5% 50 000

48 000 0% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Number of unemployed people Unemployment rate

Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1803

When comparing unemployment rates among regions within Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality, Mahikeng Local Municipality has indicated the highest unemployment rate of 20.3%, which has decreased from 25.9% in 2008. It can be seen that the Ratlou Local Municipality had the lowest unemployment rate of 17.7% in 2018, which decreased from 23.0% in 2008. PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 19

3.4.4. Crime Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality has 23 police stations servicing the municipal area. For the period 2008/2009 to 2018/2019 overall crime has decreased at an average annual rate of 1.20% within the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality. Violent crime decreased by 1.54% since 2008/2009, while property crimes increased by 1.00% between the 2008/2009 and 2018/2019 financial years. It is clear that all the crime is decreasing overtime for all the regions within North-West province. In the North West province, Bojanala Platinum District Municipality has the second lowest overall crime index of 82.2 and the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality has the lowest overall crime rate of 77.5.

3.5. Education and Skills Profile A total of 469 000 individuals in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality were considered functionally literate in 2018, while 162 000 people were considered to be illiterate. Expressed as a rate, this amounts to 74.38% of the population, which is an increase of 0.093 percentage points since 2008 (65.11%). The number of illiterate individuals decreased on average by -1.84% annually from 2008 to 2018, with the number of functional literate people increasing at 2.60% annually.

For those aged 20 years and above, Ngaka Modiri Molema District has 11.74% of the population without any education. The number of people who falls within the 'Matric only' category is at 136 480 (24.25%). The number of people with 'Matric and a Certificate/Diploma' is at 23 764 (4.22%), while those with a 'Matric and a Bachelor's' degree are at 21 270 (3.77%).

The Education Management Information System (EMIS) reflects that there are 214 981 learners in 394 schools, 376 schools are public whilst 18 are private/independent schools. In terms of tertiary education, the District has 3 TVET colleges and 1 University.

“THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY IS LOWER THAN THAT OF NORTH-WEST WHICH IS AT 28.8%” 20 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT

PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 21

4. Drivers of the Economy 4.1. Structure of the Economy The economic drivers in the District includes Agriculture, Tourism (Heritage sites and Game farms), Mining Houses (Kalgold, Slurry, Sephaku, Lafarge, Majemantsho informal mining and Diamond informal mining). The Strategic Location of the District offers great opportunities towards the economic development of the District underpinned by various development corridors. The economic opportunities that lie within the District have the potential to create much-needed jobs, reduce poverty and inequality.

Ngaka Modiri National Total Molema [R North-West [R Ngaka Modiri Ngaka Modiri [R Billions, Billions, Billions, current Molema as % Molema as % current current prices] of province of national prices] prices]

Agriculture 2.4 7.3 106.1 32.5% 2.2%

Mining 3.3 84.3 350.9 3.9% 0.9%

Manufacturing 2.6 13.2 572.9 19.7% 0.5%

Electricity 3.1 10.1 166.0 30.3% 1.8%

Construction 1.5 6.5 170.3 23.8% 0.9%

Trade 6.6 30.0 652.7 22.1% 1.0%

Transport 4.2 17.0 426.7 25.0% 1.0%

Finance 7.9 35.2 854.4 22.5% 0.9%

Community services 18.2 55.9 1,041.3 32.6% 1.7%

Total Industries 49.8 259.3 4,341.3 19.2% 1.1%

Gross Value Added (GVA) By Broad Economic Sector Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1803

In 2018, the community services sector is the largest within Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality accounting for R18.2 billion or 36.5% of the total GVA in the District Municipality's economy. The sector that contributes the second most to the GVA of the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality is the finance sector at 15.9%, followed by the trade sector with 13.3%. The sector that contributes the least to the economy of Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality is the construction sector with a contribution of R 1.53 billion or 3.08% of the total GVA. 22 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT

When looking at the regions within the District Municipality, the Mahikeng Local Municipality made the largest contribution to the community services sector at 49.50% of the District Municipality. As a whole, the Mahikeng Local Municipality contributed R 21.6 billion or 43.34% to the GVA of the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality, making it the largest contributor to the overall GVA of the Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality.

The GDP of NMMD was at R57.6 billion (up from R26.6 billion in 2008), NMMD contributed 19.75 to the North West province GDP of R291 billion in 2018 increasing in the share of North West from 19.10% in 2008. NMMD contributed 1.18% to the National GDP. The merchandise export from Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality amounts to R1.55 billion and as a percentage of total national exports constitutes about 0.12%. The exports from Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality constitute 2.70% of total Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality's GDP. Merchandise imports of R217 million constitute about 0.02% of the national imports. Total trade within Ngaka Modiri Molema is about 0.07% of total national trade. Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality had a positive trade balance in 2018 to the value of R1.33 billion.

4.2. Primary Sector The primary sector in NMMD consists mainly of Agriculture and Mining sectors. In 2017 the Agricultural sector experience the highest annual growth of 25.5% whereas the Mining sector reached its highest point of growth of 19.5% in 2015. The Agricultural and Mining sectors experienced the lowest growth of -17% and 14% respectively during 2015 and 2014.

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The sector growth forecast shows an increase from R30.68 billion in 2018 to R32.67 billion in 2023 which is an average annual growth of 1.27%. Economic drivers in NMMD includes Agriculture, Tourism (heritage sites, game farms), Mining houses (Kal gold, Slurry, Majemantsho informal mining, Sephaku, Larfage and Diamond informal mining).

Mahikeng, Tswaing and Ditsobotla Municipalities are predominately cropping areas with approximately 89 483ha of arable land. The main crops planted in these areas are mainly maize and sunflower. Other crops such as groundnuts, cotton, soybeans, dry-beans, grain sorghum, wheat, green mealies, cucurbitaceae (squash, butternut, pumpkin, watermelon etc.) are planted in a small scale. Ditsobotla, Tswaing and Mahikeng municipality have quite a number of commercial vegetable and Tree Nuts (Peacan) producers.

Ramotshere Moiloa and Ratlou Local Municipalities are predominately livestock with grazing area of approximately 353 114ha. Livestock include large stock (748 591) and small stock (314 468) within the District.

4.3. Secondary Sector The secondary sectors in the NMMD are Manufacturing, Electricity and Construction sectors. Between 2008 and 2018, the manufacturing sector experienced the highest positive growth in 2010 with a growth rate of 6.9%. The construction sector reached its highest growth in 2008 at 12.6%. The manufacturing sector experienced its lowest growth in 2010 of -12.2%, while construction sector reached its lowest point of growth in 2010 with a -3.2% growth rate. The electricity sector experienced the highest growth in 2011 at 3.7%, while it recorded the lowest growth of -3.8% in 2012.

24 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT

4.4. Tertiary Sector The tertiary sector consists of four broad economic sectors namely the trade, transport, finance and the community services sector. The trade sector experienced the highest positive growth in 2008 with a growth rate of 3.7%. It is evident for the transport sector that the highest positive growth rate also existed in 2008 at 7.5% which is higher than that of the manufacturing sector. The finance sector experienced the highest growth rate in 2008 when it grew by 7.3% and recorded the lowest growth rate in 2009 at -0.5%. The Trade sector also had the lowest growth rate in 2009 at - 7.4%.

The community services sector, which largely consists of government, experienced its highest positive growth in 2008 with 6.3% and the lowest growth rate in 2009 with - 0.5%. The District is home to the seat of the Provincial Legislature and a majority of the National State Departments regional offices.

“BETWEEN 2008 AND 2018, THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR EXPERIENCED THE HIGHEST POSITIVE GROWTH IN 2010 WITH A GROWTH RATE OF 6.9%.” PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 25

5. Service Delivery 5.1. Water and Sanitation The Ngaka Modiri Molema District uses the Local Municipalities as Water Services Providers (WSPs) for operation and maintenance of sewer treatment works and retail water reticulation systems in the urban towns of its jurisdiction. The District also uses the services of Sedibeng Water for bulk water supply.

The District can generally be described as water scarce area with most communities obtaining water supply from groundwater resources. The main source of surface water is Setumo Dam which supplies approximately 40% of the water needs of Mahikeng and its immediate surrounding areas. The balance of the water is from groundwater with the primary source being the Grootpan/ Lichtenburg/ Grootfontein/ Zeerust (GLGZ) dolomitic formation, which presently supplies the balance of water to Mahikeng, and portions of Ditsobotla and Ramotshere Moiloa Local Municipalities.

Households by type of water access - Ngaka Modiri Molema, North-West and National Total

In terms of access to water, Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality had a total number of 64 500 (or 25.28%) households with piped water inside the dwelling, a total of 69 600 (27.31%) households had piped water inside the yard and a total number of 3 910 (1.53%) households had no formal piped water. Over time, from 2008 the 26 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT number of households below the RDP-level were 55 600 within Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality, this decreased annually at -1.95% per annum to 45 700 in 2018.

The large formal towns, as well as a number of institutions such as border posts, hospitals and prisons in the NMMDM are served by a total of 15 wastewater treatment works of one form or another, in various states of repair. The rural communities however do not have any access to formal sanitation, and generally make use of unimproved pit latrines.

Households by type of Toilet Ngaka Modiri Molema, 2008-2018 100% No toilet 90%

80% Bucket system 70%

60% Pit toilet 50%

40% Ventilation 30% Improved Pit 20% (VIP) Flush toilet 10%

0% Ngaka Modiri North-West National Total Molema Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1803

“INFORMAL DWELLING UNITS INCREASED FROM 19 940 HOUSEHOLDS TO 31 855 HOUSEHOLDS AND TRADITIONAL DWELLING INCREASED FROM 11 846 TO 14 662 HOUSEHOLDS.”

5.2. Human Settlements In Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality, there are 268 099 households. Formal dwelling consists of the highest number of households which increased from 143 646 in 2013 to 144 911 in 2017 while very formal dwelling decreased by 273 between 2013 and 2017. Informal dwelling units increased from 19 940 households to 31 855 households and traditional dwelling increased from 11 846 to 14 662 households. Other dwelling type remained the lowest throughout the period of study at 1 737. PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 27

5.3. Electricity Households are distributed into 3 electricity usage categories: Households using electricity for cooking, Households using electricity for heating, households using electricity for lighting. Household using solar power are included as part of households with an electrical connection. This time series categorises households in a region according to their access to electricity (electrical connection).

Households by electricity usage Ngaka Modiri Molema, 2008-2018 100%

90% Not using electricity 80%

70%

60% Electricity for 50% lighting and other 40% purposes 30% Electricity for 20% lighting only 10%

0% Ngaka Modiri North-West National Total Molema Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1803 Households by type of Electrical Connection

Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality had a total number of 15 100 (5.92%) households with electricity for lighting only, a total of 211 000 (82.85%) households 28 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT had electricity for lighting and other purposes and a total number of 28 600 (11.23%) households did not use electricity.

The region within Ngaka Modiri Molema with the highest number of households with electricity for lighting and other purposes is Mahikeng Local Municipality with 82 800 or a share of 39.21% of the households with electricity for lighting and other purposes within Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality. The Region with the lowest number of households with electricity for lighting and other purposes is Ratlou Local Municipality with a total of 22 600 or a share of 10.67% of the total households with electricity for lighting and other purposes within Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality. Over time, from 2008 the households without an electrical connection in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality was 44 900, this decreased annually at - 4.39% per annum to 28 600 in 2018.

5.4. Waste Management Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality had a total number of 106 000 (41.50%) households which had their refuse removed weekly by the authority, a total of 3 680 (1.45%) households had their refuse removed less often than weekly by the authority and a total number of 131 000 (51.32%) households which had to remove their refuse personally (own dump).

Households by access to refuse removal Ngaka Modiri Molema, 2008-2018 100% No refuse 90% removal

80% Personal 70% removal (own dump) 60% Removed by 50% community members 40% Removed less 30% often than weekly by 20% authority Removed 10% weekly by authority 0% Ngaka Modiri North-West National Total Molema Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1803 Overtime, from 2008 the households with no formal refuse removal in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality was 144 000, this increased to 148 221 in 2012 and declined to 139 330 in 2016 followed by an increase to 145 483 in 2018. PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 29

5.5. Roads and Transport Ngaka Modiri Molema District has vast road networks that includes national roads namely the N4, N18 and N14, which are upgraded and maintained by SANRAL. Ngaka Modiri Molema has a 3 688 km of gravel road and 1 548 of surfaced roads.

Mahikeng has an International Airport with necessary capacity to be operational, however the airport has been closed for some years now and is not in use.

6. Governance and Management 6.1. Municipality Performance The Ngaka Modiri Molema District IGR Forum is non-functional and has weakened its regional planning capabilities, and the coordination of the provision of water services in particular. There have been no service level agreements between the District as water services authority and local municipalities and/or Botshelo Water as water services provider (in terms of bulk water; distribution; operations and maintenance; provision of free basic services).

The poor relations also relate to the perceived lack of involvement and consultation with local municipalities on prioritisation, identification, and implementation of projects. Due to the non-functionality of the IGR Forum, there was generally no coordination and collaboration between the District and its family of locals to improve service delivery. Efforts were made on numerous occasions to resuscitate the IGR Forum, but attendance by the District’s administrative leadership and local municipalities was poor.

30 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT

NMMDM obtained adverse audit opinion in 2018/19 and disclaimer audit opinion for the past 2 years, Ditsobotla obtained a disclaimer audit opinion for the past 3 years of 2016/17 to 2018/19. Ratlou Municipality regressed to disclaimer in 2018/19 and had qualified audit opinion for the past 2 years, Tswaing has remained at a qualified audit opinion for the past 3 years of 2016/17 to 2018/19. Mafikeng and Ramotshere obtained a disclaimer audit opinion for the past 2 years and qualified audit opinion in 2016/17. The District and its locals largely depend on consultants to compile the Annual Financial Statements.

A total of R415 million was returned to treasury from the Municipalities allocated budgets. Of the total budget returned Ngaka Modiri Molema’s balance was R258 million, R48million for Mahikeng Local Municipality, Ratlou Municipality at R29million, Tswaing at R20.5million, Ditsobotla at R32million and Ramotshere Moiloa Municipality at R27million. During the Financial year 2017/18, Tswaing, Mafikeng, Ditsobotla, Ramotshere Moiloa, and Ngaka Modiri Molema District were insolvent whereas Ratlou Municipality had short and medium term viability. Currently the District is under Section 137 of MFMA in terms of Financial Recovery Plan which was invoked by the MEC in 2018.

All municipalities within the District with the exception of Ratlou adopted unfunded budgets which posed a risk to meet financial obligations and had to be corrected during special adjustment budget. Repetitive findings for NMMDM include among others: Insufficient appropriate audit evidence or none identified items for the year for PPE, VAT, Inventories, provision of retail water services and receivables from exchange transactions, Unspent conditional grants, and revenue from non-exchange transactions, general expenditure, contracted services, unauthorised and irregular expenditure and bulk services. It need to look into mechanisms that will fast track these repetitive Audit findings working towards improving future audit outcomes.

“A TOTAL OF R415 MILLION WAS RETURNED TO TREASURY FROM THE MUNICIPALITIES ALLOCATED BUDGETS.”

6.2. Municipal Capacity The District largely depends on consultants to compile annual financial statements. The challenge faced by the District and Local Municipalities is that they mostly depend on the equitable share, and as such, revenue generation remains a challenge informed by the failure to collect for services rendered in the case of local municipalities. PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 31

The table below depicts vacancy rates per directorate in the Ngaka Modiri Molema Municipalities. The Planning & Development and Technical Services directorates are essential for ensuring the municipal planning function and service delivery recorded some of the highest vacancies in the municipalities.

Municipal Name Directorate No. of vacant posts

Mafikeng Municipality Municipal Manager 26

Mafikeng Municipality Director: LED 27

Ditsobotla Municipality Director: Community services 28

Ditsobotla Municipality Director: Planning & Development 29

Ditsobotla Municipality Director: Technical Services 30

Ditsobotla Municipality Director: Corporate Services 31

vacancy rates per directorate in the Ngaka Modiri Molema Municipalities

The table below provides an overview of staffing levels in the Municipality, including total staff currently employed, approved positions and funded vacancies. In the District Municipality, 72.38% of staff are permanent employees. There is a vacancy rate of 0. 07%.

DC 38 Total municipal staff currently employed 992 Total permanent currently employed 718 Total temporary staff currently employed 309 Total approved positions 1428 Total funded vacancies 1 Percentage of funded vacancies 0,07 Staffing Levels: Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality

The qualifications of staff (from technical to postgraduate) indicates that 4,13% of staff have some form of tertiary qualification.

DC 38 Number of staff with postgraduate degrees 14 Percentage of staff with postgraduate degrees 1,41 Number of staff with Bachelor’s degrees 23 Percentage of staff with Bachelor’s degrees 2,32 Number of staff with technical qualifications 4 Percentage of staff with technical qualifications 0,4 General Qualifications: Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality 32 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT

6.3. Traditional Affairs Governance The District is largely a rural district and is made-up of 103 wards, 8 towns, 21 townships, 198 villages. In addition, the District has 22 Traditional Leaders with about 90% of the District’s population living in traditional authority areas. In the District there are no disputes in terms of ownership of land by Traditional Leaders. Traditional Leaders participate in municipalities and they receive out of pocket expenses and paid allowances.

Number Of Identified Traditional District/Local Municipality Leaders Participation In Municipal Councils Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality 5 Ratlou Local Municipality 4 Tswaing Local Municipality 2 Mahikeng Local Municipality 2 Ditsobotla Local Municipality 1 Ramotshere Moiloa Local Municipality 3

The District has a number of Senior Traditional Leaders and Headman/Headwomen. Ramotshere Moiloa has the most number of senior traditional leaders while Ratlou Municipality has the most number of Headman/Headwomen at 20.

SENIOR TRADITIONAL HEADMAN/ DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY LOCAL MUNICIPALITY LEADER HEADWOMEN

Ratlou 5 20

Tswaing 2 6

Ngaka Modiri Molema Mafikeng 4 9

Ditsobotla 3 0

Ramotshere Moiloa 7 4

In Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality, traditional leaders have been identified for participation in the Municipal Councils. The identified traditional leaders do participate in municipal councils. There is a system of rotation of participating traditional leaders in the Ngaka Modiri District Municipality, and every five (5) years new members are selected. The identified traditional leaders are allowed an opportunity to address the council. Traditional leader’s participation is not gazetted. Participating traditional leaders receive an allowance and are reimbursed for any out of pocket expenses.

PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 33

The Traditional and Khoi-San Leadership Act, 2019 (Act No. 3 of 2019), which was published in the Government Gazette on 28 November 2019, is of historic value as it is the first legislation that provides for the statutory recognition of the Khoi-San communities and leaders, provided they meet the criteria contained in the Act. However, the Act has not yet commenced, because its commencement date has not yet been proclaimed.

Once the Act commences, a Commission on Khoi-San Matters will be established to receive and investigate applications for recognition of Khoi-San communities and leaders. The Commission will make recommendations to the Minister in this regard and the Minister will have the power to recognise such communities and leaders. There is thus currently no legally recognised Khoi-San communities or leaders in South Africa. The Act makes provision for two Khoi-San leadership positions namely senior Khoi-San leaders and branch heads. The recognised senior Khoi-San leaders will have personal jurisdiction over their communities.

It should be noted that the legal existence of Traditional leadership structures as envisaged by the Traditional Leadership Framework Act has expired. These structures will be reconstituted when the Traditional and Khoi-San Leadership Act comes to effect.

“NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY OBTAINED ADVERSE AUDIT OPINION IN 2018/19 AND DISCLAIMER AUDIT OPINION FOR THE PAST 2 YEARS.”

7. Projects to Diversify and Grow People and the Economy 7.1. Spatial Development Mahikeng is the largest centre in the District and is anticipating growth in importance as the primary economic core through the Mahikeng Renewal, Rebranding Repositioning Spatial Planning is not a shared function between Ngaka Modiri Molema District and its Local Municipalities, however the District’s Town Planning unit plays an active critical role when requested at the five Local Municipalities.

The District is an important transport corridor (N4 and R508) which are the getaway to Botswana and possess tourism infrastructure that is underutilized. Most of the secondary rural settlements and high agricultural potential areas in the District have 34 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT strong functional links with Mahikeng and can, to some extent, be considered extensions of the District’s economic corelink: Tshwane – Brits – – Elliesrus.

7.2. Environmental forecast Disaster Management structures are in place but not administratively supported in all areas. Challenges common to the District and local municipalities include:: • Lack or poor implementation of the requirements of the Disaster Management Act particularly with five municipalities except for Mafikeng Local Municipality; • Lack of disaster response vehicles and control room attendants or dispatchers for 24/7 services; • Lack of support for Ngaka Modiri Molema District IGR structures and poor stakeholder participation in IGR structures; and • Insufficient resources for disaster risk management;

8. Key Recommendations 8.1. Prioritise Integrated Development Plan The proposed spatial distribution of catalytic programmes and Projects need to be focussed on during the coming 5 years are provided for each municipality. • Road links that need to be planned or constructed to support the development of nodes and corridors and movement of people and goods through the province. • Rail links (passenger and freight) that need to be planned or constructed to enhance the mobility of people and goods within the province.

The corridor that open Africa tourist route, the Segarona Heritage Experience, which was launched in 2012. This new route runs between Pilanesberg and Madikwe, and includes the Bakgatla tribal lands, and the towns of Derdepoort, Zeerust and (and many others). The rural villages connected by this route offer insight into the struggle history of South Africa and the cultural heritage of the many African clans who still live in the area. The proposed Marico Biosphere Reserve will enhance the economy through job creation, ecotourism and sustainable development. The strategic location of Ngaka Modiri Molema offers great opportunities towards the economic development of the District underpinned by various development corridors.

This profiling illustrates the economic opportunities within the District and the potential to create much-needed jobs, reduce poverty and inequality. It is in this context that PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT 35

municipal socio-economic conditions should inform resource allocation and effective and accountable use of resources is of paramount importance. 36 PROFILE: NGAKA MODIRI MOLEMA DISTRICT