Disposal of Radioactive Waste
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as-Disposal RW Germany 6117 2/05/06 12:10 Page 1 Radioactive Waste Management 2006 Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Forming a New Approach in Germany Approach in Germany a New Forming Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Disposal of Radioactive Germany is exploring a new approach towards the final management of its radioactive waste. This international workshop, held in Germany, attracted 65 participants from 13 countries. A little more Waste: Forming a New than half of the participants were German stakeholders. During the workshop invited speakers, representing different groups of stakeholders, com- Approach in Germany mented on relevant aspects of the new German approach being proposed. This served as a basis for subsequent round-table discussions. FSC Workshop Proceedings These proceedings provide a historical introduction to radioactive waste management in Germany, Hitzacker and Hamburg, give a detailed summary of the workshop presentations and discussions that took place, and also provide the NEA Secretariat's reflections which help place the main lessons of the workshop into a Germany, 5-8 October 2004 wider perspective. Five presentations – the three keynote papers and the two thematic reports – are also reproduced herein. (66 2006 04 1 P) € 30.00 -:HSTCQE=UWYX^\: ISBN 92-64-02439-5 NUCLEAR•ENERGY•AGENCY Radioactive Waste Management Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Forming a New Approach in Germany FSC Workshop Proceedings Hitzacker and Hamburg, Germany 5-8 October 2004 © OECD 2006 NEA No. 6117 NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. * * * This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) was established on 1st February 1958 under the name of the OEEC European Nuclear Energy Agency. It received its present designation on 20th April 1972, when Japan became its first non-European full member. NEA membership today consists of 28 OECD member countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Republic of Korea, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities also takes part in the work of the Agency. The mission of the NEA is: to assist its member countries in maintaining and further developing, through international co-operation, the scientific, technological and legal bases required for a safe, environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, as well as to provide authoritative assessments and to forge common understandings on key issues, as input to government decisions on nuclear energy policy and to broader OECD policy analyses in areas such as energy and sustainable development. Specific areas of competence of the NEA include safety and regulation of nuclear activities, radioactive waste management, radiological protection, nuclear science, economic and technical analyses of the nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear law and liability, and public information. The NEA Data Bank provides nuclear data and computer program services for participating countries. In these and related tasks, the NEA works in close collaboration with the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, with which it has a Co-operation Agreement, as well as with other international organisations in the nuclear field. © OECD 2006 No reproduction, copy, transmission or translation of this publication may be made without written permission. Applications should be sent to OECD Publishing: [email protected] or by fax (+33-1) 45 24 13 91. Permission to photocopy a portion of this work should be addressed to the Centre Français d’exploitation du droit de Copie, 20 rue des Grands Augustins, 75006 Paris, France ([email protected]). FOREWORD The fifth workshop of the OECD/NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) was held in Hitzacker and Hamburg, Germany on 5-8 October 2004, and was hosted by the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) and the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU). The BfS is responsible for implementing, and the BMU for regulating, radioactive waste management in Germany. The central theme of the event was “forming a new approach to radioactive waste management in Germany”. The three-day event started with a community visit to Hitzacker, which included a one-day meeting with community representatives and other stakeholders. This was followed by a tour of the radioactive waste management facilities in Gorleben, and then the workshop in national context, which took place in Hamburg. During the workshop sessions invited speakers, representing different groups of stakeholders, commented on relevant aspects of the new German approach. The presentations were intended to stimulate subsequent discussion in round-table discussions. Each round table consisted of delegates from different countries and German stakeholders. A set of predefined questions related to the different topics of concern was provided. Facilitators structured the round-table discussions and provided summaries for the audience. The general historical background and present situation in Germany were first described to all stakeholders and debated. Later sessions addressed specific aspects of the policy under development. Two thematic rapporteurs external to the FSC followed the event and provided their observations from the point of view of their professional interest. The aim was for all participants in the workshop to have the possibility to learn how to change their own approach and mindset in order to interact with other stakeholders in a way that enhances understanding and builds mutual trust. Meetings and discussions among the FSC delegates and different groups of German stakeholders took place using the well-proven, interactive format of the FSC workshops, which include facilitated round-table sessions. Sixty-five registered participants, from 13 countries, attended the event. About 60% were German stakeholders; the remainder came from FSC member countries and international organisations. The German stakeholders included local actors, academics, and representatives of state and federal governments, NGOs, waste producers and other companies. The international audience consisted of FSC members, typically affiliated with national regulatory bodies, government, or implementing organisations, as well as other delegates and academics. These proceedings provide a historical introduction to radioactive waste management in Germany, give a detailed summary of the workshop presentations and discussions that took place, and also provide the NEA Secretariat’s reflections which help place the main lessons of the workshop into a wider perspective. Five presentations – the three keynote papers and the two thematic reports – are also reproduced herein. 3 Acknowledgements The FSC gratefully acknowledges the work of the members of the programme committee: Magnus Westerlind SKI, Sweden Yves Le Bars Andra, France Hans Riotte OECD/NEA Claudio Pescatore OECD/NEA Klaus-Jürgen Brammer GNS, Germany Hartmut Meyer DBE, Germany Susanne Ochse Greenpeace, Germany Heinz Jörg Haury GSF, Germany Georg Arens BfS, Germany Rolf Wernicke, BMU, Germany 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction to the German Context and Description of the Three Day Event ........................ 7 Summary of the Event ..................................................................................................................... 11 Community Visit .............................................................................................................................. 13 Part 1. Briefing of the FSC and Other Workshop Participants ........................................... 13 Part 2. Stocktaking from