DOCSLIB.ORG

Is a Small Village Near Maral-Bashi on the Road to Aksu at the Western End of the Northern Silk Road in Eastern Central Asia (Map 3.1 and Fig

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Is a Small Village Near Maral-Bashi on the Road to Aksu at the Western End of the Northern Silk Road in Eastern Central Asia (Map 3.1 and Fig CHAPTER THREE TUMSHUK I. INTRODUCTION Tumshuk (Tumshuq or Toumchouq) is a small village near Maral-Bashi on the road to Aksu at the western end of the Northern Silk Road in Eastern Central Asia (Map 3.1 and Fig. 3. la). The Buddhist ruins discovered near the village of Tumshuk com­ prise the presently known major Buddhist remains along this stretch of the Northern Silk Road between Kashgar (Shu-le 1Ai: ill) and Kucha (Ch'iu-tz'u ft n). The Tumshuk area may have been associated with the locales of Wei-t'ou W lffi, Wen-su ii. mKu­ mo ~ ~ and Kuai-hu ~ ~ known from Chinese records of the 4th century (Map 3.2). The ancient name for the exact locale of Tumshuk is not known; the present name of Tumshuk-a Turkish name-appears only after the I 0th century and the Islamic con­ quest of the region. There are three known sites with Buddhist materials in the Tumshuk area: Toqquz-Sarai and Lal-Tagh, both northwest of Tumshuk village, and Tumshuk-Tagh, which is southwest of the village (Fig. 3.la). The whole area, a large valley watered by the Y arkand and Kash gar Rivers, is dotted with spectacular eroded mountains that stand like mesas above the broad valley floor (Figs. 3.1 c, 3. 70). The ancient ruins around Tumshuk were first noted by T. D. Forsyth in his descrip­ tion of the Maral-Bashi region in 1873. 1 Sven Hedin, during his quick survey of the area on February 27, 1895, observed some of the ruins and assessed that they were of two periods of make, but indicated they were probably Muslim, an assessment that may have deterred serious consideration ofTumshuk for the exploration of ancient sites until Pelliot's spectacular discoveries. 2 Paul Pelliot of the French Mission came to the area in 1906 expecting to find only Muslim ruins. When by fortuitous chance he saw the fragment of a baked clay hand holding drapery (at the site later to be designated Temple "D" at Toqquz-Sarai) he realized he had found an ancient Buddhist site. Between October 28 and December 15, 1906, he surveyed the general region and excavated two sites, devoting most of his time to the excavation of Toqquz-Sarai, though he made a lim- 1 L. Hambis, M. Hallade, and M. Paul-David, Toumchouq, 2 vols., (Mission Paul Pelliot, Documents archfologiques, XIII), Paris, I 961-1964, II, p. xiii. 2 Ibid., II, p. 44. WU-SUN ~ . ,... ' Kuai-hu (?) T'IEN SHAN MOUNTAINS (Agni) Kao-t' ung HSI UNG-NU ~u-m~-< (Karashahr) Ji' Wei-t' ou • Wen;,..1,_u__ __..,, Yen-ch'i • Chu-shih ch'ien-pu • • ..-0 Lake Baghrash Kao-ch'ang •1-wu (Kashgar) • Su-le _($)o>C! OC',r -1).h _0,,. TAKLAMAKAN •Yarkand Lou-la n • I 'l Lob nor DESERT '"1 Yu-men kuan c::: 1•Miran ~ "'::c 'J><;-, Tun-huang• • c::: Yu-t'ien• Ch1u-ch'uan ~ (Khotan) •Niya ,~o~ 'J><::'- V r~-~C$-..}~ K'UN-LUN MOUNTAINS MAP 3. 2 NORTHERN SILK ROAD IN EASTERN CENTRAL ASIA (in the 4th century A.D.) (with Chinese names) • Cities, towns and sites :::::: Pass WU-SUN Tribes § [After Mather (1959), with modifications] N ci u: .,::. c.o -...J .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anaonino Forte
    JIABS Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies Volume 30 Number 1–2 2007 (2009) The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies (ISSN 0193-600XX) is the organ of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Inc. As a peer-reviewed journal, it welcomes scholarly contributions pertaining to all facets of Buddhist EDITORIAL BOARD Studies. JIABS is published twice yearly. KELLNER Birgit Manuscripts should preferably be sub- KRASSER Helmut mitted as e-mail attachments to: [email protected] as one single fi le, Joint Editors complete with footnotes and references, in two diff erent formats: in PDF-format, BUSWELL Robert and in Rich-Text-Format (RTF) or Open- Document-Format (created e.g. by Open CHEN Jinhua Offi ce). COLLINS Steven Address books for review to: COX Collet JIABS Editors, Institut für Kultur- und GÓMEZ Luis O. Geistesgeschichte Asiens, Prinz-Eugen- HARRISON Paul Strasse 8-10, A-1040 Wien, AUSTRIA VON HINÜBER Oskar Address subscription orders and dues, changes of address, and business corre- JACKSON Roger spondence (including advertising orders) JAINI Padmanabh S. to: KATSURA Shōryū Dr Jérôme Ducor, IABS Treasurer Dept of Oriental Languages and Cultures KUO Li-ying Anthropole LOPEZ, Jr. Donald S. University of Lausanne MACDONALD Alexander CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland email: [email protected] SCHERRER-SCHAUB Cristina Web: http://www.iabsinfo.net SEYFORT RUEGG David Fax: +41 21 692 29 35 SHARF Robert Subscriptions to JIABS are USD 40 per STEINKELLNER Ernst year for individuals and USD 70 per year for libraries and other institutions. For TILLEMANS Tom informations on membership in IABS, see back cover.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cultural Envoy Who Should Not Be Forgotten
    A Cultural Envoy Who Should Not Be Forgotten: American Sinologist Charles S. Gardner and His Chinese Collection by Li Wang In recent times, as the Sinology (Chinese Studies) attracts greater academic interest overseas outside of China, there is one pioneering figure in the discipline from the 20th century that is seldom mentioned and lacking in focused study. That figure is Charles Sidney Gardner (1900-1966), a noted Sinologist and former Harvard University professor who has become attached to Brown University Library since the 1960s. Gardner was not only an avid Chinese historian and bibliographer himself, but he also contributed to further learning by future scholars. As a devotee of Chinese traditional culture, especially ancient print books, in his later years, Gardner donated his entire collection, a total of more than 35,000 books and other literary materials, to Brown University. His generous donation then became the cornerstone of the Brown University’s East Asian Collection. Among the Chinese books donated, 9,000 volumes of these are thread-bound in the traditional Chinese-style and housed in engraved wooden bookcases, comprising the East Asian Collection’s most treasured works. My office is in the antique collections of the “Gardner Room.” In the early days of working in the East Asian Collection at Brown University, whenever I passed the bookcases upon bookcases of classical Chinese works, I was struck with a sense of admiration and curiosity for the devoted Sinologist that Gardner was. These books are of utmost cultural and research value and, therefore, should be publicized and promoted. In recent years, I have had the opportunity to oversee various research projects relating to Brown University’s rare Chinese books and gain further insight from publications of various memoirs and other overseas Sinology resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Taoism and Chinese Religion
    www.quirinpress.com @QuirinPress Quirin Press Release “It is largely thanks to [Maspero’s] pioneer work in the fields of Chinese religion, anthropology, linguistics and history that China’s contribution to the achievement of man could first be reviewed on terms of parity with those of other civilizations. “To the question whether his discoveries, opinions and interpretations have been outdated by the subsequent thirty years’ research, it may be answered that leading scholars still rely with the utmost confidence on his writings as a framework whose validity has outdated their most recent findings, and whose detail has in many cases not been bettered.” — Michael Loewe, University of Cambridge (from the sleeve notes to the original 1981 edition.) Taoism and Chinese Religion Revised Edition by Henri Maspero Translated by Frank A. Kierman, Jr. Price for pb & E-book: $ 96.56 USD | €74.00 EUR | £ 58.40 GBP | $ 99.99 AUD Publication date: Sep. 2014 Paperback (Sep. 2015 E-book) Size: xli + 689 pages | 6 x 9 in. / 234 x 156 mm. | 2.339 lb / 1060 gm Formats available: Perfect Bound (pb) & E-book Series: Quirin Pinyin Updated Editions (QPUE) ISBN 13: 978-1-922169-04-4 Paper | 978-1-922169-05-1 E-book (Sep 2015) … one of the greatest attractions of Maspero’s writings in this volume (and one that will endure even when our own researches eventually make us better informed than he was on every topic upon which he touched), is the invaluable picture disclosed to us of a mature sinologist remarkable for his broad erudition and penetrating insight confronting a field of research completely untouched by earlier scholars.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Title Raabe, Wilhelm Karl = Corvinus, Jakob (Pseud.)
    Report Title - p. 1 of 672 Report Title Raabe, Wilhelm Karl = Corvinus, Jakob (Pseud.) (Eschershausen 1831-1910 Braunschweig) : Schriftsteller Biographie 1870 Raabe, Wilhelm Karl. Der Schüdderump [ID D15996]. Ingrid Schuster : Raabe verwendet im Roman den chinesischen Gartenpavillon als bezugsreiches Symbol für die zwei Hauptpersonen, der Ritter von Glaubigernd und das Fräulein von St. Trouin, sowie Chinoiserien in Adelaide von St. Trouins Zimmer. [Schu4:S. 162-168] Bibliographie : Autor 1870 Raabe, Wilhelm Karl. Der Schüdderump. In : Westermann's Jahrbuch der Illustrirten deutschen Monatshefte ; Bd. 27, N.F. Bd. 11, Oct.1869-März 1870. [Schu4] 1985 [Raabe, Wilhelm]. Que xiang chun qiu. Wang Kecheng yi. (Shanghai : Yi wen chu ban she, 1985). Übersetzung von Raabe, Wilhelm. Die Chronik der Sperlingsgasse. Hrsg. von Jakob Corvinus. (Berlin : Stage, 1857). [ZhaYi2,WC] 1997 [Raabe, Wilhelm Karl]. Hun xi yue shan. Weilian Labei zhu ; Wang Kecheng yi. (Shanghai : Shanghai yi wen chu ban she, 1997). Übersetzung von Raabe, Wilhelm Karl. Abu Telfan : oder, Die Heimkehr vom Mondgebirge : Roman. (Köln : Atlas-Verlag, 1867). [WC] Raaschou, Peter Theodor (Dänemark 1862-1924 Shanghai) : Diplomat Biographie 1907-1908 Peter Theodor Raaschou ist Konsul des dänischen Konsulats in Shanghai. [Who2] 1909-1917 Peter Theodor Raaschou ist Generalkonsul des dänischen Konsulats in Shanghai. 1917 ist er Senior Konsul. [Who2] Raasloff, Waldemar Rudolf (1815-1883) : Dänischer Politiker, General Biographie 1863 Dritte dänische diplomatische Mission nach China durch Waldemar Rudolf Raasloff. [BroK1] Rabban Bar Sauma (ca. 1220-1294) : Türkisch-mongolischer Mönch, Nestorianer Bibliographie : erwähnt in 1992 Rossabi, Morris. Voyager from Xanadu : Rabban Sauma and the first journey from China to the West. (Tokyo ; New York, N.Y.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Importance of the Chinese Fragments from Dunhuang in the British Library
    THE HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE CHINESE FRAGMENTS FROM DUNHUANG IN THE BRITISH LIBRARY RONG XINJIANG THE Dunhuang materials obtained by Sir Aurel Stein during his second and third expeditions were divided between the British Museum, the India Office and the Indian government (this final section now being in the National Museum, New Delhi). However, most of the written material remained in Britain. When the British Library separated from the British Museum in 1973 the paintings were retained by the Museum but written materials in Chinese and other languages were deposited in the Oriental Department of the British Library. In the first part of this century, Dr Lionel Giles, Keeper of Oriental Printed Books and Manuscripts at the British Museum, catalogued the Chinese and some bilingual manuscripts, and printed Chinese documents. His Descriptive Catalogue of the Chinese Manuscripts from Tun-huang in the British Museum was published in 1957.^ It covered Stein manuscript numbers Or. 8210/S.1-^980, and printed documents. Or. 8210/P.1-19, from the second and third expeditions. The Chinese Academy of Science obtained microfilm copies of these manuscripts and Liu Mingshu also completed a catalogue of S.1-6980, which was published in 1962.^ Until recently, only this group of manuscripts had been fully studied. However, the manuscripts numbered S. 1-6980 do not cover the whole of the Stein Dunhuang collection. There are many fragmentary manuscripts which Giles omitted from his catalogue. Dr Huang Yungwu of Taiwan compiled a brief catalogue of fragments numbered S.6981-7599 based on a microfilm obtained from Japan,^ and Japanese scholars also carried out detailed research on some of the fragments.^ When I visited the British Library in May 1985, I was told that the manuscript pressmarks had reached S.i 1604.' Funded by a British Academy K.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Sinology and Field Journals
    Handbook of Reference Works in Traditional Chinese Studies (R. Eno, 2011) 9. WESTERN SINOLOGY AND FIELD JOURNALS This section of has two parts. The first outlines some aspects of the history of sinology in the West relevant to the contemporary shape of the field. The second part surveys some of the leading and secondary sinological journals, with emphasis on the role they have played historically. I. An outline of sinological development in the West The history of sinology in the West is over 400 years old. No substantial survey will be attempted here; that can wait until publication of The Lives of the Great Sinologists, a blockbuster for sure.1 At present, with Chinese studies widely dispersed in hundreds of teaching institutions, the lines of the scholarly traditions that once marked sharply divergent approaches are not as easy to discern as they were thirty or forty years ago, but they still have important influences on the agendas of the field, and they should be understood in broad outline. One survey approach is offered by the general introduction to Zurndorfer’s guide; its emphasis is primarily on the development of modern Japanese and Chinese scholarly traditions, and it is well worth reading. This brief summary has somewhat different emphases. A. Sinology in Europe The French school Until the beginning of the eighteenth century, Western views of China were principally derived from information provided by occasional travelers and by missionaries, particularly the Jesuits, whose close ties with the Ming and Ch’ing courts are engagingly portrayed by Jonathan Spence in his popular portraits, The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci and Emperor of China.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Sidelights on Japanese Sinologists of the Early Twentieth Century
    Some Sidelights on Japanese Sinologists of the Early Twentieth Century John Timothy Wixted Arizona State University This article will treat of some of the giants of early twentieth-century Japanese sinology: Shiratori Kurakichi B ~ ,.~ , Naito Konan I*J.#Y] m,Hattori Unokichi nil iflS ~ Z ~ , Kano Naoki ~Ifit-&, Kuwabara Jitsuzo ~ JJf.: ~t ~ , and Ikeuchi Hiroshi rtf! I*J ~ ' The focus will be on sidelights on their lives, including their attitudes towards Western sinologists like Paul PeIliot and Henri Maspero. A series of roundtable discussions was held in the late 1960s and early 1970s on the life and works of prominent former Japanese scholars of East Asia, the transcripted proceedings for which were published in the journal Tohogaku *1f?!f. Later, six of these discussions were selected and published in a 320-page volume entitled T6y6gaku no soshishatachi *#?!f. (7) jU Y.a '* r: 1? (Founders ofAsian Studies), edited by Yoshikawa Kojiro ~ Jil :¥:iX~~ and published in Tokyo by Kodansha ~ij!R *± in 1976.1 As the title implies, the six, who are the focus of this article, were considered "Founders" or "Creators" of"T6y6gaku" *#?!f. in Japan--"T6y6gaku," ofcourse, meaning the study of Asia exclusive ofJapan . Five were famous historians ofEast Asia; the sixth, Kano Naoki, was a professor ofChinese literature. All six scholars were active at the beginning of this century. Along with figures like Naka Michiyo Jj~:fiiJ J1! tit, they founded the modem study of East Asia in Japan. In tum, they were the teachers of the great twentieth-century Japanese scholars of China, Korea, and Central Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • New Light on Sogdian Colonies Along the Silk Road * Recent Archaeological Finds in Northern China
    Rong Xinjiang New Light on Sogdian Colonies along the Silk Road * Recent Archaeological Finds in Northern China (Lecture at the BBAW on 20th September 2001) First of all, I will present the contributions that new archaeological finds in China have made to the study of the Silk Road. In particular, I will focus on sources re- garding the Sogdians, who were very active on the Silk Road during the medieval period. These sources include Chinese documents from Turfan, new manuscripts and materials uncovered in the Northern Grottoes of the Dunhuang Caves, as well as artifacts and Chinese inscriptions from the tombs of northern China. I will show images of two tombs of Central Asian and Sogdian design that were found in Shanxi and Shaanxi during the last two years. I will also analyze various texts in order to present domestic lives and social activities of Sogdians in their colonies along the Silk Road. Furthermore, I hope that this case study can enhance our appreciation of the open- ness of medieval Chinese society. We will see that it accepted foreign religions and ideas, along with foreign textiles, gold, silver, camels, practices such as hunting with cheetahs, and foreign music and dance. Now let me move to my topic: First, I will address the contribution to Silk Road studies of new archaeological finds in China, with a particular focus on sources about the Sogdians. The Central Asian Iranian people known as the Sogdians are referred to in Chinese traditional histories by different names: Zhaowu-jiuxing, jiuxing-hu, Zazhong-hu and Sute-hu.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Analyses of Tocharian Manuscripts of the Pelliot Collection Stored in the National Library of France (Bibliothèque Nationale De France)
    Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2020, t. 14, z. 3 The Studies into the History of the Book and Book Collections 2020, vol. 14, no. 3 www.bookhistory.uw.edu.pl http://doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh Emilie Arnaud-Nguyen The École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) – PSL, Paris, France [email protected] 0000-0001-9250-5695 Paper Analyses of Tocharian manuscripts of the Pelliot Collection stored in the National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France) “One day in my office, a heated discussion was raging about the material that the Chinese use for making paper. Their paper is far better than ours because the raw material is better; and a good deal was said about this thin, light Chinese paper, for it is light and thin, the texture is smooth, and there are no transparent patche”. Honoré de Balzac, Lost illusions Abstract: This paper describes the preliminary results of my PhD research within the ERC pro- ject “HisTochText”. The aim is to perform macroscopic analyses of archaeological papers from the Pelliot Collection. They are stored in the National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France). Most were discovered in the oasis kingdom of Kucha, inscribed in an ancient Indian writing, brāhmῑ. The language was unknown in France. Kucha was a meeting place for many influences both western and eastern, insofar as paper analysis seeks to determine technological influences and local adaptations. Macroscopic analyses rely on traces found in the material of the paper which may be the result of the many stages in the life of the document: the raw material, the manufacturing process, the conditions of use and the storage conditions, both ancient and modern.
    [Show full text]
  • Return to Kashgar: the Jarring Collection of Uyghur
    Submitted on: 21.07.2017 Return to Kashgar – the Jarring Collection of Uyghur Manuscripts Eva Nilsson Nylander Lund University Library, Lund, Sweden, [email protected] Copyright © 2017 by Eva Nilsson Nylander. This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Abstract: Return to Kashgar – the Jarring Collection of Uyghur Manuscripts Kashgar was a major crossroads for trade and culture along the Eurasian Silk Route for thousands of years, a place where Turkic, Persian, Arab, Chinese and other groups interacted. The Lund University Library is privileged to hold some 600 handwritten books from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries from cities in this region like Kashgar, Urumchi and Yarkand. Containing about 1500 titles, presumably the largest collection in the world, this so-called Jarring Collection was mostly acquired in Kashgar in 1929-1930 by the Swedish philologist and career diplomat Gunnar Jarring (1907-2002), while doing research for his doctoral thesis on Turkic languages. (Ambassador Jarring served later as a UN peace negotiator in both the Palestine and the Kashmir conflict.) In an attempt to return, as it were, these books, this cultural heritage, to Kashgar, the Lund University Library has undertaken an ambitious ongoing digitization and cataloguing program; the digitized books are free to access and download from the library portal. There are, however, other borders to cross and different problems to solve to meet the demands of global research and the free transmission of knowledge. The paper will deal with some of these problems.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Modern Chinese Colophons on the Dunhuang Manuscripts
    An Analysis of Modern Chinese Colophons on the Dunhuang Manuscripts Justin M. Jacobs American University or more than a century, the rich artistic and lit­ cient colophons that date to the first millennium Ferary treasures of Cave 17 have managed to CE. These are prefaces or postscripts that are con­ shed cultural and historical light on the lives of temporary to, or briefly postdate, the creation of people who lived in, or merely passed through, the the text itself. The modern Chinese colophons are desert oasis of Dunhuang and its associated pil­ different: they were added to these same Dun­ grimage site, the Mogao Grottoes (Mogao ku 莫高 huang manuscripts more than nine hundred years 窟), also known as Thousand­Buddha Caves (Qian­ after the original production of the text, and in fodong 千佛洞), during the first millennium CE. many cases far longer. More precisely, they were Quite often these same materials, dispersed added soon after the initial dispersal of the con­ around the world in the first three decades after tents of Cave 17 within China in the years and their initial discovery in 1900, are also used by decades following the opening of the cave by Wang scholars to address cultural, social, political, and Yuanlu 王圓籙, [Fig. 2], the self­appointed Daoist economic gaps in the premodern historical records caretaker of the Mogao Grottoes, in 1900. Of those of neighboring China, Tibet, Mongolia, or Central that still survive, the earliest colophon is dated to Asia. There is one topic of scholarly inquiry, how­ 1910, while the latest is dated to 1952.
    [Show full text]
  • Edward L. Shaughnessy Chinese Annals in the Western Observatory Library of Sinology
    Edward L. Shaughnessy Chinese Annals in the Western Observatory Library of Sinology Editors Zhi Chen, Dirk Meyer Executive Editor Adam C. Schwartz Editorial Board Wolfgang Behr, Marc Kalinowski, Hans van Ess, Bernhard Fuehrer, Anke Hein, Clara Wing-chung Ho, Maria Khayutina, Michael Lackner, Yuri Pines, Alain Thote, Nicholas Morrow Williams Volume 4 Edward L. Shaughnessy Chinese Annals in the Western Observatory An Outline of Western Studies of Chinese Unearthed Documents The publication of the series has been supported by the HKBU Jao Tsung-I Academy of Sinology — Amway Development Fund. ISBN 978-1-5015-1693-1 e-ISBN [PDF] 978-1-5015-1694-8 e-ISBN [EPUB] 978-1-5015-1710-5 ISSN 2625-0616 This work is licensed under the Creatice Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. For details go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019953355 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Shaughnessy/JAS, published by Walter de Gruyter Inc., Boston/Berlin Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Dedicated to the memory of LI Xueqin 李學勤 (1933-2019) 南山有杞，北山有李。 樂只君子，德音不已。 On South Mountain is a willow, On North Mountain is a plum tree. Such joy has the noble-man brought, Sounds of virtue never ending. CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES | XI PREFACE TO THE CHINESE EDITION |
    [Show full text]