New Varieties for 2020
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Willi Orchids
growers of distinctively better plants. Nunured and cared for by hand, each plant is well bred and well fed in our nutrient rich soil- a special blend that makes your garden a healthier, happier, more beautiful place. Look for the Monrovia label at your favorite garden center. For the location nearest you, call toll free l-888-Plant It! From our growing fields to your garden, We care for your plants. ~ MONROVIA~ HORTICULTURAL CRAFTSMEN SINCE 1926 Look for the Monrovia label, call toll free 1-888-Plant It! co n t e n t s Volume 77, Number 3 May/June 1998 DEPARTMENTS Commentary 4 Wild Orchids 28 by Paul Martin Brown Members' Forum 5 A penonal tour ofplaces in N01,th America where Gaura lindheimeri, Victorian illustrators. these native beauties can be seen in the wild. News from AHS 7 Washington, D . C. flower show, book awards. From Boon to Bane 37 by Charles E. Williams Focus 10 Brought over f01' their beautiful flowers and colorful America)s roadside plantings. berries, Eurasian bush honeysuckles have adapted all Offshoots 16 too well to their adopted American homeland. Memories ofgardens past. Mock Oranges 41 Gardeners Information Service 17 by Terry Schwartz Magnolias from seeds, woodies that like wet feet. Classic fragrance and the ongoing development of nell? Mail-Order Explorer 18 cultivars make these old favorites worthy of considera Roslyn)s rhodies and more. tion in today)s gardens. Urban Gardener 20 The Melting Plot: Part II 44 Trial and error in that Toddlin) Town. by Susan Davis Price The influences of African, Asian, and Italian immi Plants and Your Health 24 grants a1'e reflected in the plants and designs found in H eading off headaches with herbs. -
The Mock-Oranges
ARNOLDIA A continuation of the BULLETIN OF POPULAR INFORMATION of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University VOLUME ~Jr JUNE 18, 1965 NUMBER5 THE MOCK-ORANGES are about fifty species and varieties of Philadelphus being grown in THERE-~- the commercial nurseries of the United States, so there is a wealth of ma- terial from which to select ornamental plants. The collection at the Arnold Arboretum contams over one hundred species and varieties. They all have white flowers, their fruits are dried capsules and not very interesting, and the autumn color is not especially outstanding, being yellow or yellowish. In other words, they are chiefly of value during the short period when they are in bloom; but they are all grown easily in almost any normal soil, and are mostly free from injurious insect and disease pests-reason enough why they have proved popular over the years. Some plants in this group have special merit. Philadelphus coronarius, for in- stance, is excellent for planting in dry soil situations. Many of the hybrids have extremely fragrant flowers, and some of the plants, like P. laxus and P. X splen- dens, have branches which face the ground well all around and make fairly good foliage specimens throughout the length of time they retain their leaves. On the other hand, the flowers of many of the species are not fragrant, and some plants, like Philadelphus delavayi and P. X monstrosus reach heights of fifteen feet or more; they are frequently just too tall and vigorous for the small garden. There are better shrubs of this height with mteresting flowers, better autumn color, and fruits in the fall (like some of the viburnums), so, if tall shrubs are desired, it is not the mock-oranges which should have first consideration. -
Principles of Plant Taxonomy, V.*
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. XXVIII MARCH, 1928 No. 2 PRINCIPLES OF PLANT TAXONOMY, V.* JOHN H. SCHAFFNER, Ohio State University. After studying the taxonomy of plants for twenty-five years the very remarkable fact became evident that there is no general correspondence of the taxonomic system with the environment, but as the great paleontologist, Williams, said in 1895: "environmental conditions are but the medium through which organic evolution has been determinately ploughing its way." Of course, the very fact that there is a system of phylogenetic relationships of classes, orders, families, and genera and that these commonly have no general correspondence to environment shows that, in classifying the plant material, we must discard all notions of teleological, utilitarian, and selective factors as causative agents of evolution. The general progressive movement has been carried on along quite definite lines. The broader and more fundamental changes appeared first and are practically constant, and on top of these, .potentialities or properties of smaller and smaller value have been introduced, until at the end new factors of little general importance alone are evolved. These small potentialities are commonly much less stable than the more fundamental ones and thus great variability in subordinate characters is often present in the highest groups. We must then think of the highest groups as being full of hereditary potentialities while the lower groups have comparatively few. As stated above, there is a profound non-correspondence of the .taxonomic system and the various orthogenetic series with the environment. The system of plants, from the taxonomic point of view, is non-utilitarian. -
Plant Life MagillS Encyclopedia of Science
MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D. -
January-February 2019
An E-mail Gardening Newsletter from Cornell Cooperative Extension of Rensselaer, Albany and Schenectady Counties January/ February 2019 Volume 14, Number 1 Root Concerns Notes from the underground A Pear of Problems A bike ride from the Port of Albany to Voor- heesville on the recently-completed Hudson/ Helderberg Bike Trail is a true treat. While zipping by waterfalls, behind strip malls and over traffic-choked roadways on a smooth ribbon through the countryside, I say a sin- cere thank you to all those who made this joy ride possible. I have only one gripe. At the western end, in front of a lovely pavilion, are planted two Callery pears. Unfortunately, someone doesn’t know that, for some time now, Callery pear has been a plant non grata, the poster child of a bad botanical actor, and simply not a good choice for a newly designed landscape. It didn’t start out this way. According to the Washington Post, Callery pear (Pyrus Calleryana) was imported from China more than a century ago as a possible solution to the problem of fireblight disease in fruit-producing pear trees. As part of that research, thousands of Callery pear seedlings Cornell Cooperative Extension provides were growing at the U.S. Plant Introduction Station in Glenn Dale, Mary- equal program and employment opportu- land in the early 1950’s. That’s when horticulturist John Creech found one nities. Please contact that showed some outstanding ornamental characteristics. He admired its Cornell Cooperative Extension if you have beautiful early spring blossoms, disease and insect resistance, and tremen- special needs. -
French Hydrangea for Gardens in North and Central Florida1 Gary W
ENH1069 French Hydrangea for Gardens in North and Central Florida1 Gary W. Knox2 French hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is a shade- preferring shrub producing ball-shaped or flat clusters of white, pink, blue or purple flowers, depending on soil conditions and cultivar. “Mophead” or “hortensia” hydran- geas (Figure 1) have ball-shaped flower clusters, whereas “lacecap” hydrangeas have flat clusters of tiny, spidery flowers surrounded by a ring of prominent flowers (Figure 2). French hydrangea, also known as bigleaf hydrangea, is the most widely grown species of Hydrangea. Figure 2. The lacecap flower of ‘Mowe’ in its pink form. Origin and Development of French Hydrangea Two forms of Hydrangea macrophylla are native to eastern Asia. Bigleaf hydrangea, Hydrangea macrophylla var. macrophylla, is native to China and coastal areas of Japan. Mountain hydrangea, H. macrophylla var. serrata, is native to China and upland areas of Japan and Korea. Mountain Figure 1. The mophead flower of ‘Decatur Blue’ in its blue form. hydrangea is generally smaller in size and flowers earlier. Some experts consider it more cold-hardy than bigleaf hydrangea. The two natural varieties are otherwise very similar, and both types may produce mophead or lacecap flowers, depending on the selection. 1. This document is ENH1069, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date April 2007. Reviewed January 2017. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Gary W. Knox, Extension specialist and professor, Environmental Horticulture; UF/IFAS North Florida Research and Education Center, Quincy, FL 32351. The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. -
Botanical Explorers
BOTANICAL EXPLORERS PEOPLE, PLACES & PLANT NAMES HOW it all began PRIOR TO 1450 ´ ROMAN EMPIRE extended around entire Mediterranean Sea ´ Provided overland trade route to the east ´ Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks in 1453, impeding overland travel THE AGE OF DISCOVERY 1450-1750 Europeans continued to trade through Constantinople into 16th century High prices, bandits, tolls, taxes propelled search for sea routes EASTERN COMMODITIES Tea, spices, silks, silver, porcelain ´ Still life with peaches and a ´ Offering pepper to the king lemon, 1636 (Chinese ´ from Livre des Merveilles du Monde, 15th c porcelain), Jurian van Streek Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris THE AGE OF DISCOVERY Europe Portuguese/Spanish pioneer new trade routes to the Indies by sea Commercial expeditions sponsored by European monarchies First voyages sailed south around tip of Africa and then east toward India THE AGE OF DISCOVERY America ´1492-1502 Columbus and others believed they would reach Asia by sailing west ´Discovery of the ”New World” AGE OF DISCOVERY Japan Japan had no incentive to explore; Wealthy trade partners, China and Korea AGE OF DISCOVERY Japan ´1543 1st Portuguese ship arrives ´Daimyo (feudal lord) allows Portuguese into Japanese ports to promote trade and Christianity ´Portuguese trade ships sail from home port of Indian colony, Goa, to Japan other Far East ports, returning to Goa after 3- year journeys AGE OF DISCOVERY China Treasure ships under command of Zheng He (in white) Hongnian Zhang, oil painting of China’s naval hero Inland threats led -
Forcing Branches for Winter Color B
Indoor Horticulture • HO-23-W Department of Horticulture Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service • West Lafayette, IN Forcing Branches for Winter Color B. Rosie Lerner and Michael N. Dana Does the bleak, cold dullness of winter sometimes get Next, put the branches in a container which will hold you down? Then why not bring springtime into your home them upright. Add warm water (110°F) no higher than 3 by forcing tree and shrub branches into bloom? Branches inches on the stems. A flower preservative will help can be used as background for an arrangement or for an prolong the vase life of the branches (see Figure 1 for entire floral display, and you can prune your shrubs and preservative recipes). Allow to stand for 20-30 minutes, trees as you selectively remove branches for forcing. and then fill the container with additional preservative solution. Place the container in a cool (60-65°F), partially Early spring flowering trees and shrubs form their flower shaded location. Keep the water level at its original buds in the fall before the plants go dormant. After a height. period of at least 8 weeks of temperatures below 40°F (usually after January 1), branches can be cut and forced Finally, when the buds show color, move the branches to into bloom. a lighted room. But don’t put them in direct sunlight. At this time they can be removed from the storage container Most flowering shrubs are fairly easy to force, while trees and arranged in the desired manner. Be sure the ar are more difficult. -
Cytotoxicity of Water Extracts from Leaves and Branches of Philadelphus Coronarius L
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2006, 150(1):71–73. 71 © V. Valko, M. Fickova, E. Pravdova, M. Nagy, D. Grancai, S. Czigle CYTOTOXICITY OF WATER EXTRACTS FROM LEAVES AND BRANCHES OF PHILADELPHUS CORONARIUS L. Vojtech Valkoa, Maria Fickovab, Eliska Pravdovab, Milan Nagya, Daniel Grancaia, Szilvia Cziglea a Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, e-mail: [email protected] b Institute of Experimental Endocrinology SAS, Vlárska 3, 833 06 Bratislava Received: March 17, 2006; Accepted (with revisions): June 7, 2006 Keywords: Philadelphus coronarius L./Plant water extracts/A431 cells/MCF-7 cells/MTT cytotoxicity Philadelphus coronarius L. is big, leggy and deciduous old-fashioned shrub known for its fragrant white flowers in the late spring. Some members of genus Philadelphus L. are known for their antibacterial, antiradical and immuno- modulatory effects. Therefore, these herbs represent prospective sources for the isolation of active substances with desired effects. We have investigated the cytotoxicity effects of water extracts from leaves and branches of Philadelphus coronarius L. (Hydrangeaceae). A431 cells (human skin carcinoma cell line) and the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) were treated with various doses of individual extracts (0,1–100 μg dry matter/ml) for 24 h and 72 h. The highest toxic effects of both plant parts extracts were observed on MCF-7 cells regardless the time of treatment. Cells A431 were less sensitive to toxic effects of leaves and branches extracts but the time dependence was present with the tendency of increased toxicity after chronic treatment. -
Flora of Vascular Plants of the Seili Island and Its Surroundings (SW Finland)
Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 53: 33-65, 2019 BRC www.brc.amu.edu.pl DOI 10.2478/biorc-2019-0003 Submitted 20.03.2018, Accepted 10.01.2019 Flora of vascular plants of the Seili island and its surroundings (SW Finland) Andrzej Brzeg1, Wojciech Szwed2 & Maria Wojterska1* 1Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland 2Department of Forest Botany, Faculty of Forestry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71D, 60-625 Poznań, Poland * corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-1419) Abstract. The paper shows the results of floristic investigations of 12 islands and several skerries of the inner part of SW Finnish archipelago, situated within a square of 11.56 km2. The research comprised all vascular plants – growing spontaneously and cultivated, and the results were compared to the present flora of a square 10 × 10 km from the Atlas of Vascular Plants of Finland, in which the studied area is nested. The total flora counted 611 species, among them, 535 growing spontaneously or escapees from cultivation, and 76 exclusively in cultivation. The results showed that the flora of Seili and adjacent islands was almost as rich in species as that recorded in the square 10 × 10 km. This study contributed 74 new species to this square. The hitherto published analyses from this area did not focus on origin (geographic-historical groups), socioecological groups, life forms and on the degree of threat of recorded species. Spontaneous flora of the studied area constituted about 44% of the whole flora of Regio aboënsis. -
Hydrangeas, Garden Tours, Plant Sale and Autumn in the Country
Page 1 of 6 Lael's Moon Garden Nursery From: "Lael's Moon Garden Nursery" <[email protected]> To: "Bethany Lael" <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, September 01, 2009 7:10 PM Subject: Hydrangeas, Garden Tours, Plant Sale and Autumn in the Country Lael's Moon Garden Greetings Fellow Gardeners: Finally some cooler weather so we can play in our gardens again! I am in awe of people like Dan Hinkley who have the time, energy and knowledge (not to mention money) to travel to the four corners of the world observing rare plants in their native habitats and introducing them to horticulture. My admiration is not diminished by the fact that he writes a little like Frazier Crane talks. My own study of horticulture has consisted of going on "kicks" where I try to learn as much as I can about a particular genus that piques my interest until I get jaded with it and move on to another. Over time, this has given me knowledge of lots of groups of plants with vast chasms of ignorance in between. When I first got interested in hydrangeas, I have to admit I considered the ones I had seen to be kind of "grandma plants" not worth a place in my garden. Then one day at the Washington Park Arboretum I ran into a magnificent hydrangea aspera in peak flower and a new "kick" was born. Maybe it was the hydrangea and maybe it was the fact that I am now a grandpa, but I fell in love. Since then, Bethany and I have scoured wholesale nurseries and botanical gardens to find beautiful hydrangeas for Lael's Moon Garden and some of our favorites are described below. -
Trees, Shrubs, and Perennials That Intrigue Me (Gymnosperms First
Big-picture, evolutionary view of trees and shrubs (and a few of my favorite herbaceous perennials), ver. 2007-11-04 Descriptions of the trees and shrubs taken (stolen!!!) from online sources, from my own observations in and around Greenwood Lake, NY, and from these books: • Dirr’s Hardy Trees and Shrubs, Michael A. Dirr, Timber Press, © 1997 • Trees of North America (Golden field guide), C. Frank Brockman, St. Martin’s Press, © 2001 • Smithsonian Handbooks, Trees, Allen J. Coombes, Dorling Kindersley, © 2002 • Native Trees for North American Landscapes, Guy Sternberg with Jim Wilson, Timber Press, © 2004 • Complete Trees, Shrubs, and Hedges, Jacqueline Hériteau, © 2006 They are generally listed from most ancient to most recently evolved. (I’m not sure if this is true for the rosids and asterids, starting on page 30. I just listed them in the same order as Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II.) This document started out as my personal landscaping plan and morphed into something almost unwieldy and phantasmagorical. Key to symbols and colored text: Checkboxes indicate species and/or cultivars that I want. Checkmarks indicate those that I have (or that one of my neighbors has). Text in blue indicates shrub or hedge. (Unfinished task – there is no text in blue other than this text right here.) Text in red indicates that the species or cultivar is undesirable: • Out of range climatically (either wrong zone, or won’t do well because of differences in moisture or seasons, even though it is in the “right” zone). • Will grow too tall or wide and simply won’t fit well on my property.