DOCSLIB.ORG

9077595 Gl. His. & Geo. Jan. 01

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
9077595 Gl. His. & Geo. Jan. 01 The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY Tuesday, January 23, 2001 — 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only Student Name ______________________________________________________________ School Name _______________________________________________________________ Print your name and the name of your school on the lines above. Then turn to the last page of this booklet, which is the answer sheet for Part I. Fold the last page along the per- forations and, slowly and carefully, tear off the answer sheet. Then fill in the heading of your answer sheet. Now print your name and the name of your school in the heading of each page of your essay booklet. This examination has three parts. You are to answer all questions in all parts. Use black or dark-blue ink to write your answers. Part I contains 50 multiple-choice questions. Record your answers to these questions on the separate answer sheet. Part II contains one thematic essay question. Write your answer to this question in the essay booklet, beginning on page 1. Be sure to read the rubric (scoring criteria) for the essay before you begin to answer the essay question. Part III is based on several documents: Part III A contains the documents. Each document is followed by one or more questions. In the test booklet, write your answer to each question on the lines follow- ing that question. Be sure to enter your name and the name of your school on the first page of this section. Part III B contains one essay question based on the documents. Write your answer to this question in the essay booklet, beginning on page 7. Be sure to read the rubric (scoring criteria) for the essay before you begin to answer the essay question. When you have completed the examination, you must sign the statement printed on the Part I answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN. Part I Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1–50): For each statement or question, write on the separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Base your answer to question 1 on the map below 3 Which statement concerning how geography has and on your knowledge of social studies. influenced Africa is most accurate? 1 The lack of natural barriers has made it easy to conquer Africa. 2 The expanse of the Sahara Desert has encour- aged trade to develop in this region. 3 The rainfall in the Sahel has provided Africa with most of its crops. 4 The topography of Africa has limited migration and economic development. Base your answer to question 4 on the statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. • Indian scholars contributed to mathematics by developing the decimal system and the con- cept of zero. • Arab mathematicians transmitted the decimal system and the concept of zero to the Western world. 4 Based on these statements, which conclusion is valid? 1 Indians and Arabs developed the first civiliza- tions. 1 What does this map show about the Nile River in 2 Through contact, ideas were exchanged and ancient Egypt? then spread. 3 Trade is an inefficient way to spread ideas. 1 It was important for the transportation of sol- 4 Western civilization had few ideas to share diers and resources. with Indians and Arabs. 2 It was needed for trade between the Red Sea and the Western Desert. 3 It brought fresh water from the Mediterranean Sea to the Valley of the Kings. 5 “If a son has struck his father, they shall cut off his 4 It flowed through a populated region in Arabia. hand. If a nobleman has destroyed the eye of a member of the aristocracy, they shall destroy his eye. .” 2 The river valleys of the Tigris-Euphrates, Huang The idea expressed in this quotation is found in He (Yellow River), and Indus were centers of the early civilization because they 1 Ten Commandments 1 had rich deposits of iron ore and coal 2 Twelve Tables 2 were isolated from other cultural influences 3 Justinian Code 3 contained rich soils from annual floods 4 Code of Hammurabi 4 were easy to defend from invasion Global Hist. & Geo. –Jan. ’01 [2] Base your answer to question 6 on the quotation 10 One conclusion that can be reached from the evi- below and on your knowledge of social studies. dence about Mansa Musa’s rule of Mali is that 1 Christianity was a dominant religion in Africa “Harmony should be valued and quarrels in ancient times should be avoided. Everyone has his biases, and 2 complex civilizations existed in West Africa few men are far sighted. Therefore some dis- before the arrival of Europeans obey their lords and fathers and keep up feuds 3 trade was not necessary for a civilization to sur- with neighbors. But when the superiors are in vive harmony with each other and inferiors are 4 the slave trade originated in West Africa friendly, then the affairs are discussed quietly and the right view of matters prevails.” 11 One way in which the writers of the Renaissance —Prince Shotoku of Japan (A.D. 604) were influenced by the writers of ancient Greece was that the Renaissance writers 6 Prince Shotoku’s statement indicates the influ- ence of the ideas of 1 stressed the power of human reason 2 promoted the religious doctrines of the Roman 1 Confucius 3 Genghis Khan Catholic Church 2 Muhammad 4 Emperor Hirohito 3 showed little interest in secular affairs 4 produced few new scientific ideas 12 “. and in the actions of men, and especially of 7 One way in which the Eightfold Path and the princes, . the end justifies the means.” Five Pillars of Faith are similar is that these rules Which philosopher most likely wrote this state- 1 represent codes of behavior ment? 2 restrict social mobility 3 stress the spiritual being in all natural objects 1 Baron de Montesquieu 4 suggest a deep respect for nature and reincar- 2 Niccolò Machiavelli nation 3 Voltaire 4 John Locke 8 Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe during the 13 A major reason that the Spanish were able to con- Middle Ages? quer the peoples of the Americas was the 1 The Church encouraged individuals to ques- 1 military technology of the Spanish conquerors tion authority. 2 inability of the native peoples to adapt to 2 Church leaders were only involved in spiritual Spanish culture activities. 3 enforced slavery of the native peoples by the 3 The Church gained influence as people Spanish became more interested in secular affairs. 4 unified resistance of native peoples to Spanish 4 The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, demands and order. 14 The purpose of the encomienda system in Latin America was to 9 Which cultural element spread from the 1 control overpopulation in urban centers Byzantine Empire to early Russia? 2 convert native peoples to Protestantism 1 Latin language 3 obtain labor and taxes from the native peoples 2 democratic ideas in the Spanish colonies 3 Orthodox Christianity 4 introduce political ideas into the colonies 4 silk cloth gradually Global Hist. & Geo. –Jan. ’01 [3] [OVER] Base your answer to question 15 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. The Spread of Islam and Buddhism, 200 B.C. — A.D. 1450 Samarkand Kashgar KOREA Mediterranean Sea Damascus Chengan JAPAN Patallputra Canton Mecca INDIA Pagan Pacific Arabian Bay of South Ocean Sea Bengal China Sea CEYLON (SRI LANKA) Indian Ocean Spread of Islam Spread of Buddhism 15 Which area was most affected by the spread of both Islam and Buddhism in the period from 200 B.C. to A.D. 1450? 1 Indian subcontinent 3 Arabian peninsula 2 Japanese islands 4 coastal China Base your answer to question 16 on the passage 17 Which statement supports the claim that diversity below and on your knowledge of social studies. was an important characteristic of the Mongol Empire (1200–1350)? “I was immediately handled and tossed up to 1 All people in the Mongol Empire were Hindu. see if I were sound, by some of the crew, and I was 2 The Mongol Empire ruled peoples from now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of China, Russia, eastern Europe, and India. bad spirits, and that they were going to kill me. 3 Genghis Khan organized a network of commu- Their complexions, too, differing so much from nication across the Empire. ours, their long hair, and the language they spoke 4 The Mongol Empire covered only central Asia. united to confirm me in this belief. The closeness of the place and the heat of the cli- mate, added to the number in the ship, which 18 Which event was an example of Asian reaction to was so crowded that each had scarcely room to European imperialism? turn himself, almost suffocated us.” 1 Boxer Rebellion 3 Boer War 2 Glorious Revolution 4 Congress of Berlin 16 Which event is described in this passage? 1 the Aztec invasion of Mayan cities 2 the Ottoman invasion of Hungary 3 immigration from Europe to the New World 4 the transatlantic slave trade Global Hist.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Triumphs and Tragedies of the Iranian Revolution
    The Road to Isolation: Triumphs and Tragedies of the Iranian Revolution Salma Schwartzman Senior Division Historical Paper Word Count: 2, 499 !1 Born of conflicting interests and influences — those ancient tensions deeply rooted in its own society — the Iranian revolution generated numerous and alternating cycles of triumph and tragedy, the one always inextricably resulting from and offsetting the other. This series of vast political shifts saw the nation shudder from a near feudal monarchy to a democratized state, before finally relapsing into an oppressive, religiously based conservatism. The Prelude: The White Revolution Dating from 1960 to 1963, the White Revolution was a period of time in Iran in which modernization, westernization, and industrialization were ambitiously promoted by the the country’s governing royalty: the Pahlavi regime. Yet although many of these changes brought material and social benefit, the country was not ready to embrace such a rapid transition from its traditional structure; thus the White Revolution sowed the seeds that would later blossom into the Iranian Revolution1. Under the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi, the State of Iran underwent serious industrial expansion. After seizing almost complete political power for himself, the Shah set in motion the land reform law of 1962.2 This law forced landed minorities to surrender vast tracts of lands to the government so that it could be redistributed to small scale agriculturalists. The landowners who experienced losses were compensated through shares of state owned Iranian industries. Cultivators and laborers also received share holdings of Iranian industries and agricultural profits.3 This reform not only helped the agrarian community, but encouraged and supported 1 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Comintern in China
    The Comintern in China Chair: Taylor Gosk Co-Chair: Vinayak Grover Crisis Director: Hannah Olmstead Co-Crisis Director: Payton Tysinger University of North Carolina Model United Nations Conference November 2 - 4, 2018 University of North Carolina 2 Table of Contents Letter from the Crisis Director 3 Introduction 5 Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang 7 The Mission of the Comintern 10 Relations between the Soviets and the Kuomintang 11 Positions 16 3 Letter from the Crisis Director Dear Delegates, Welcome to UNCMUNC X! My name is Hannah Olmstead, and I am a sophomore at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. I am double majoring in Public Policy and Economics, with a minor in Arabic Studies. I was born in the United States but was raised in China, where I graduated from high school in Chengdu. In addition to being a student, I am the Director-General of UNC’s high school Model UN conference, MUNCH. I also work as a Resident Advisor at UNC and am involved in Refugee Community Partnership here in Chapel Hill. Since I’ll be in the Crisis room with my good friend and co-director Payton Tysinger, you’ll be interacting primarily with Chair Taylor Gosk and co-chair Vinayak Grover. Taylor is a sophomore as well, and she is majoring in Public Policy and Environmental Studies. I have her to thank for teaching me that Starbucks will, in fact, fill up my thermos with their delightfully bitter coffee. When she’s not saving the environment one plastic cup at a time, you can find her working as the Secretary General of MUNCH or refereeing a whole range of athletic events here at UNC.
    [Show full text]
  • Yundong: Mass Movements in Chinese Communist Leadership a Publication of the Center for Chinese Studies University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
    Yundong: Mass Movements in Chinese Communist Leadership A publication of the Center for Chinese Studies University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Cover Colophon by Shih-hsiang Chen Although the Center for Chinese Studies is responsible for the selection and acceptance of monographs in this series, respon sibility for the opinions expressed in them and for the accuracy of statements contained in them rests with their authors. @1976 by the Regents of the University of California ISBN 0-912966-15-7 Library of Congress Catalog Number 75-620060 Printed in the United States of America $4.50 Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER TWELVE YUNDONG: MASS CAMPAIGNS IN CHINESE COMMUNIST LEADERSHIP GORDON BENNETT 4 Contents List of Abbreviations 8 Foreword 9 Preface 11 Piny in Romanization of Familiar Names 14 INTRODUCTION 15 I. ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT 19 Background Factors 19 Immediate Factors 28 Development after 1949 32 II. HOW TO RUN A MOVEMENT: THE GENERAL PATTERN 38 Organizing a Campaign 39 Running a Compaign in a Single Unit 41 Summing Up 44 III. YUNDONG IN ACTION: A TYPOLOGY 46 Implementing Existing Policy 47 Emulating Advanced Experience 49 Introducing and Popularizing a New Policy 55 Correcting Deviations from Important Public Norms 58 Rectifying Leadership Malpractices among Responsible Cadres and Organizations 60 Purging from Office Individuals Whose Political Opposition Is Excessive 63 Effecting Enduring Changes in Individual Attitudes and Social Institutions that Will Contribute to the Growth of a Collective Spirit and Support the Construction of Socialism 66 IV. DEBATES OVER THE CONTINUING VALUE OF YUNDONG 75 Rebutting the Critics: Arguments in Support of Campaign Leadership 80 V.
    [Show full text]
  • Bowl Round 5 Bowl Round 5 First Quarter
    NHBB B-Set Bowl 2017-2018 Bowl Round 5 Bowl Round 5 First Quarter (1) The remnants of this government established the Republic of Ezo after losing the Boshin War. Two and a half centuries earlier, this government was founded after its leader won the Battle of Sekigahara against the Toyotomi clan. This government's policy of sakoku came to an end when Matthew Perry's Black Ships forced the opening of Japan through the 1854 Convention of Kanagawa. For ten points, name this last Japanese shogunate. ANSWER: Tokugawa Shogunate (or Tokugawa Bakufu) (2) Xenophon's Anabasis describes ten thousand Greek soldiers of this type who fought Artaxerxes II of Persia. A war named for these people was won by Hamilcar Barca and led to his conquest of Spain. Famed soldiers of this type include slingers from Rhodes and archers from Crete. Greeks who fought for Persia were, for ten points, what type of soldier that fought not for national pride, but for money? ANSWER: mercenary (prompt on descriptive answers) (3) The most prominent of the Townshend Acts not to be repealed in 1770 was a tax levied on this commodity. The Dartmouth, the Eleanor, and the Beaver carried this commodity from England to the American colonies. The Intolerable Acts were passed in response to the dumping of this commodity into a Massachusetts Harbor in 1773 by members of the Sons of Liberty. For ten points, identify this commodity destroyed in a namesake Boston party. ANSWER: tea (accept Tea Act; accept Boston Tea Party) (4) This location is the setting of a photo of a boy holding a toy hand grenade by Diane Arbus.
    [Show full text]
  • Macdonald 4310.Pdf
    Macdonald, Alastair Ewan (2016) Reimagining the vernacular story : textual roles, didacticism, and entertainment in Erpai. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/id/eprint/23804 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this PhD Thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This PhD Thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this PhD Thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the PhD Thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full PhD Thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD PhD Thesis, pagination. Reimagining the Vernacular Story: Textual Roles, Didacticism, and Entertainment in Erpai Alastair Ewan Macdonald 548934 Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2016 Department of China and Inner Asia SOAS, University of London 1 Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination.
    [Show full text]
  • CLASSROOM | 9-12 Lessons
    CLASSROOM | 9-12 Lessons : JIMMY CARTER AND THE IRANIAN HOSTAGE CRISIS President Carter announces sanctions against Iran in the White House Press Room. Jimmy Carter Library Jimmy Carter would say later, “No matter who was with me, we watched the big grandfather clock by the door.” Time was running out, for it was Tuesday, January 20, 1981. The scene was the Oval Office. In just hours this president would leave it for good, and a new leader, Ronald Reagan, would move in. As the clock ticked the time away, Carter tried to resolve a crisis that had almost destroyed his presidency. He was close, very close, and as he said, “At stake were the lives of 52 precious human beings who had been imprisoned in Iran for 444 days–and almost 12 billion dollars of Iranian assets.” 1 Prelude The beginnings of this crisis preceded Jimmy Carter’s term by almost thirty years. For that long, the United States had provided political support and, more recently, massive military assistance to the government of the shah of Iran. Iran was important because it provided oil to the industrial West and separated the Soviet Union from the Persian Gulf and the oil states. The United States had an enormous stake in keeping it stable and independent. By 1979, however, when Carter had been in office three years, the shah was in trouble, reaping the harvest of years of brutal and unpopular policies, including the use of secret police that controlled dissent with arbitrary arrests and torture.2 It was clear that the shah had lost the (next page) White House Historical Association | http://www.whha.org | Pg.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Khomeinism Executive Summary: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
    Khomeinism Executive Summary: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the country’s first supreme leader, is one of the most influential shapers of radical Islamic thought in the modern era. Khomeini’s Islamist, populist agenda—dubbed “Khomeinism” by scholar Ervand Abrahamian—has radicalized and guided Shiite Islamists both inside and outside Iran. Khomeini’s legacy has directly spawned or influenced major violent extremist organizations, including Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), as well as Lebanese-based terrorist organization and political party Hezbollah, and the more recently formed Iraqi-based Shiite militias, many of which stand accused of carrying out gross human rights violations. (Sources: BBC News, Atlantic, Reuters, Washington Post, Human Rights Watch, Constitution.com) Khomeini’s defining ideology focuses on a variety of themes, including absolute religious authority in government and the rejection of Western interference and influence. Khomeini popularized the Shiite Islamic concept of vilayat-e faqih—which translates to “guardianship of the Islamic jurist”— in order to place all of Iran’s religious and state institutions under the control of a single cleric. Khomeini’s successor, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, relies on Khomeinist ideals to continue his authoritarian domestic policies and support for terrorism abroad. (Sources: Al-Islam, Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic, Ervand Abrahamian, pp. 15-25, Islamic Parliament Research Center, New York Times) More than 25 years after his death, Khomeini’s philosophies and teachings continue to influence all levels of Iran’s political system, including Iran’s legislative and presidential elections. In an interview with Iran’s Press TV, London-based professor of Islamic studies Mohammad Saeid Bahmanpoor said that Khomeini “has become a concept.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spreading of Christianity and the Introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949)
    Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Programa de doctorado en Concervación y Restauración del Patrimonio Architectónico The Spreading of Christianity and the introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949) Christian churches and traditional Chinese architecture Author: Shan HUANG (Architect) Director: Antonio LOPERA (Doctor, Arquitecto) 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 20 . Presidente: Vocal: Vocal: Vocal: Secretario: Suplente: Suplente: Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 20 en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Calificación:………………………………. El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO Index Index Abstract Resumen Introduction General Background........................................................................................... 1 A) Definition of the Concepts ................................................................ 3 B) Research Background........................................................................ 4 C) Significance and Objects of the Study .......................................... 6 D) Research Methodology ...................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chinese traditional architecture 1.1 The concept of traditional Chinese architecture ......................... 13 1.2 Main characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture .... 14 1.2.1 Wood was used as the main construction materials ........ 14 1.2.2
    [Show full text]
  • Iran's Regional Security Policy
    Iran’s Regional Security Policy: Opportunities and Challenges George Emile Irani 16/12/2008 Working Paper 52/2008 Iran’s Regional Security Policy: Opportunities and Challenges George Emile Irani Index Introduction Iran’s Security Policy: From Khomeini to Khamenei Iran and Syria Iran and Hezbollah Iran and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Iran and Iraq Conclusions Introduction Since the revolution in 1979, Iran has become a key player not only in Persian Gulf politics but also in Central Asia and the Middle East at large. The Islamic Republic of Iran is currently at the centre of a global push-and-pull due to its geostrategic position and its interaction with local and global players. The main aim of the current leadership in Teheran is to preserve Iran’s privileged situation within a changing balance of power. This paper assesses and analyses Iran’s regional policy since the Iranian Revolution of February 1979, focusing on the last 10 years. It presents a brief historical background of Iran’s strategy under the Shah and then looks at current Iranian foreign policy as determined by the ideological map drawn by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the current Supreme Leader of Iran. It also examines current Iranian policies towards Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). My study is based on Middle Eastern sources mostly Iranian, Arab, and Lebanese. Given the paucity of studies based on these sources I will present what Iranian and other experts in the region have written on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • Rivalry in the Middle East: the History of Saudi-Iranian Relations and Its Implications on American Foreign Policy
    BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Summer 2017 Rivalry in the Middle East: The History of Saudi-Iranian Relations and its Implications on American Foreign Policy Derika Weddington Missouri State University, [email protected] As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, International Relations Commons, and the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons Recommended Citation Weddington, Derika, "Rivalry in the Middle East: The History of Saudi-Iranian Relations and its Implications on American Foreign Policy" (2017). MSU Graduate Theses. 3129. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3129 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RIVALRY IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE HISTORY OF SAUDI-IRANIAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY A Masters Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University TEMPLATE In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science, Defense and Strategic Studies By Derika Weddington August 2017 RIVALARY IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE HISTORY OF SAUDI-IRANIAN RELATIONS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY Defense and Strategic Studies Missouri State University, August 2017 Master of Science Derika Weddington ABSTRACT The history of Saudi-Iranian relations has been fraught.
    [Show full text]
  • Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism
    Khomeinism, the Islamic Revolution and Anti Americanism Mohammad Rezaie Yazdi A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Political Science and International Studies University of Birmingham March 2016 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran was based and formed upon the concept of Khomeinism, the religious, political, and social ideas of Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini. While the Iranian revolution was carried out with the slogans of independence, freedom, and Islamic Republic, Khomeini's framework gave it a specific impetus for the unity of people, religious culture, and leadership. Khomeinism was not just an effort, on a religious basis, to alter a national system. It included and was dependent upon the projection of a clash beyond a “national” struggle, including was a clash of ideology with that associated with the United States. Analysing the Iran-US relationship over the past century and Khomeini’s interpretation of it, this thesis attempts to show how the Ayatullah projected "America" versus Iranian national freedom and religious pride.
    [Show full text]
  • Jews in Iran Describe a Life of Freedom Despite Anti-Israel Actions by Tehran
    EBSCOhost Page 1 of 3 Record: 1 Title: Jews in Iran describe a life of freedom despite anti-Israel actions by Tehran. Authors: Theodoulou, Michael Source: Christian Science Monitor; 2/3/98, Vol. 90 Issue 47, p7, 0p, 2 color Document Type: Article Subject Terms: JEWS -- Iran Geographic Terms: IRAN Report Available Abstract: Examines the Jewish community in Iran, the largest in the Middle East outside of Israel. The official recognition of Jews in the Islamic Constitution; Comments from Haroun Yashyei, chairman of the Central Jewish Committee in Iran; The rights and freedoms Jews are granted; Why many left Iran after the Islamic Revolution; Why the community hopes for peace in the Middle East; Why most Jews do not want to leave Iran, despite the anti-Israel sentiment of the government. Lexile: 1110 Full Text Word Count:997 ISSN: 08827729 Accession Number: 178016 Database: MAS Ultra - School Edition Section: International Islam, Judaism, under one tent JEWS IN IRAN DESCRIBE A LIFE OF FREEDOM DESPITE ANTI-ISRAEL ACTIONS BY TEHRAN Dateline: TEHRAN, IRAN One of the most striking of many murals in Iran's capital, Tehran, is a towering portrait of Fathi Shkaki, a leader of the militant Palestinian group, Islamic Jihad. He was assassinated by Israeli agents in 1995 after he masterminded a series of suicide bombings against Jewish civilians. A slogan beneath his face hails him as a hero of the Islamic revolution in Palestine. Yet, stroll a little farther along Palestine Street and you come to the Abrishami Synagogue, the biggest of 23 synagogues in Tehran. It is regularly attended by some 1,000 worshippers.
    [Show full text]