The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION GLOBAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY Tuesday, January 23, 2001 — 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only Student Name ______________________________________________________________ School Name _______________________________________________________________ Print your name and the name of your school on the lines above. Then turn to the last page of this booklet, which is the answer sheet for Part I. Fold the last page along the per- forations and, slowly and carefully, tear off the answer sheet. Then fill in the heading of your answer sheet. Now print your name and the name of your school in the heading of each page of your essay booklet. This examination has three parts. You are to answer all questions in all parts. Use black or dark-blue ink to write your answers. Part I contains 50 multiple-choice questions. Record your answers to these questions on the separate answer sheet. Part II contains one thematic essay question. Write your answer to this question in the essay booklet, beginning on page 1. Be sure to read the rubric (scoring criteria) for the essay before you begin to answer the essay question. Part III is based on several documents: Part III A contains the documents. Each document is followed by one or more questions. In the test booklet, write your answer to each question on the lines follow- ing that question. Be sure to enter your name and the name of your school on the first page of this section. Part III B contains one essay question based on the documents. Write your answer to this question in the essay booklet, beginning on page 7. Be sure to read the rubric (scoring criteria) for the essay before you begin to answer the essay question. When you have completed the examination, you must sign the statement printed on the Part I answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN. Part I Answer all questions in this part. Directions (1–50): For each statement or question, write on the separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Base your answer to question 1 on the map below 3 Which statement concerning how geography has and on your knowledge of social studies. influenced Africa is most accurate? 1 The lack of natural barriers has made it easy to conquer Africa. 2 The expanse of the Sahara Desert has encour- aged trade to develop in this region. 3 The rainfall in the Sahel has provided Africa with most of its crops. 4 The topography of Africa has limited migration and economic development. Base your answer to question 4 on the statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. • Indian scholars contributed to mathematics by developing the decimal system and the con- cept of zero. • Arab mathematicians transmitted the decimal system and the concept of zero to the Western world. 4 Based on these statements, which conclusion is valid? 1 Indians and Arabs developed the first civiliza- tions. 1 What does this map show about the Nile River in 2 Through contact, ideas were exchanged and ancient Egypt? then spread. 3 Trade is an inefficient way to spread ideas. 1 It was important for the transportation of sol- 4 Western civilization had few ideas to share diers and resources. with Indians and Arabs. 2 It was needed for trade between the Red Sea and the Western Desert. 3 It brought fresh water from the Mediterranean Sea to the Valley of the Kings. 5 “If a son has struck his father, they shall cut off his 4 It flowed through a populated region in Arabia. hand. If a nobleman has destroyed the eye of a member of the aristocracy, they shall destroy his eye. .” 2 The river valleys of the Tigris-Euphrates, Huang The idea expressed in this quotation is found in He (Yellow River), and Indus were centers of the early civilization because they 1 Ten Commandments 1 had rich deposits of iron ore and coal 2 Twelve Tables 2 were isolated from other cultural influences 3 Justinian Code 3 contained rich soils from annual floods 4 Code of Hammurabi 4 were easy to defend from invasion Global Hist. & Geo. –Jan. ’01 [2] Base your answer to question 6 on the quotation 10 One conclusion that can be reached from the evi- below and on your knowledge of social studies. dence about Mansa Musa’s rule of Mali is that 1 Christianity was a dominant religion in Africa “Harmony should be valued and quarrels in ancient times should be avoided. Everyone has his biases, and 2 complex civilizations existed in West Africa few men are far sighted. Therefore some dis- before the arrival of Europeans obey their lords and fathers and keep up feuds 3 trade was not necessary for a civilization to sur- with neighbors. But when the superiors are in vive harmony with each other and inferiors are 4 the slave trade originated in West Africa friendly, then the affairs are discussed quietly and the right view of matters prevails.” 11 One way in which the writers of the Renaissance —Prince Shotoku of Japan (A.D. 604) were influenced by the writers of ancient Greece was that the Renaissance writers 6 Prince Shotoku’s statement indicates the influ- ence of the ideas of 1 stressed the power of human reason 2 promoted the religious doctrines of the Roman 1 Confucius 3 Genghis Khan Catholic Church 2 Muhammad 4 Emperor Hirohito 3 showed little interest in secular affairs 4 produced few new scientific ideas 12 “. and in the actions of men, and especially of 7 One way in which the Eightfold Path and the princes, . the end justifies the means.” Five Pillars of Faith are similar is that these rules Which philosopher most likely wrote this state- 1 represent codes of behavior ment? 2 restrict social mobility 3 stress the spiritual being in all natural objects 1 Baron de Montesquieu 4 suggest a deep respect for nature and reincar- 2 Niccolò Machiavelli nation 3 Voltaire 4 John Locke 8 Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe during the 13 A major reason that the Spanish were able to con- Middle Ages? quer the peoples of the Americas was the 1 The Church encouraged individuals to ques- 1 military technology of the Spanish conquerors tion authority. 2 inability of the native peoples to adapt to 2 Church leaders were only involved in spiritual Spanish culture activities. 3 enforced slavery of the native peoples by the 3 The Church gained influence as people Spanish became more interested in secular affairs. 4 unified resistance of native peoples to Spanish 4 The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, demands and order. 14 The purpose of the encomienda system in Latin America was to 9 Which cultural element spread from the 1 control overpopulation in urban centers Byzantine Empire to early Russia? 2 convert native peoples to Protestantism 1 Latin language 3 obtain labor and taxes from the native peoples 2 democratic ideas in the Spanish colonies 3 Orthodox Christianity 4 introduce political ideas into the colonies 4 silk cloth gradually Global Hist. & Geo. –Jan. ’01 [3] [OVER] Base your answer to question 15 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. The Spread of Islam and Buddhism, 200 B.C. — A.D. 1450 Samarkand Kashgar KOREA Mediterranean Sea Damascus Chengan JAPAN Patallputra Canton Mecca INDIA Pagan Pacific Arabian Bay of South Ocean Sea Bengal China Sea CEYLON (SRI LANKA) Indian Ocean Spread of Islam Spread of Buddhism 15 Which area was most affected by the spread of both Islam and Buddhism in the period from 200 B.C. to A.D. 1450? 1 Indian subcontinent 3 Arabian peninsula 2 Japanese islands 4 coastal China Base your answer to question 16 on the passage 17 Which statement supports the claim that diversity below and on your knowledge of social studies. was an important characteristic of the Mongol Empire (1200–1350)? “I was immediately handled and tossed up to 1 All people in the Mongol Empire were Hindu. see if I were sound, by some of the crew, and I was 2 The Mongol Empire ruled peoples from now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of China, Russia, eastern Europe, and India. bad spirits, and that they were going to kill me. 3 Genghis Khan organized a network of commu- Their complexions, too, differing so much from nication across the Empire. ours, their long hair, and the language they spoke 4 The Mongol Empire covered only central Asia. united to confirm me in this belief. The closeness of the place and the heat of the cli- mate, added to the number in the ship, which 18 Which event was an example of Asian reaction to was so crowded that each had scarcely room to European imperialism? turn himself, almost suffocated us.” 1 Boxer Rebellion 3 Boer War 2 Glorious Revolution 4 Congress of Berlin 16 Which event is described in this passage? 1 the Aztec invasion of Mayan cities 2 the Ottoman invasion of Hungary 3 immigration from Europe to the New World 4 the transatlantic slave trade Global Hist.