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Home , Jews, Ketuvim, Minyan, Mitzvah

Ms Caden St ’s Catholic College R.E. Department

Revision- Practices and a pulpit where sermons are delivered. Importance of the  The Ark (Aron Hakodesh)- this is  This is the place where Jewish the holiest place in the Synagogue. people meet for , worship and They believed that the original ark study. They believe that any prayer contained stone tablet s that can only take place where there are gave to at Sinai. In at least 10 . , are reminded of  Synagogues are usually rectangular the original ark. It is at the front of shaped but there are no specific the Synagogue facing . rules about its size and decoration. There are usually steps up to the  It is common for there to be a stain- Ark to remind them that God and glassed window representing the the are more important and Star of . sacred. The ark is only opened during  The synagogue is the central point special and when it’s read for life as a Jewish community- it is during services. where many rites of passages take  Ever-Burning Light (Ner Tamid)- place. This symbolises God’s presence and a  It is important as a place of study reminder of the Menorah that was e.g. it is where a young boy/girl will lit every night in the Temple. learn Hebrew and study the Torah in  Reading Platform (bimah)- This is a preparation for their bar/bat raised platform which is usually in . the very centre- it is used for Questions: reading from the Torah and becomes the focus of worship. 1. What is a ? 2. Why is the important? Links to Scripture and Teaching 3. Why are there no images of God?  40: 21- Moses puts the ark What commandment would into the and seals it off representing God break? with a curtain as God had 4. Why are the ‘shul’ or temple’ commanded him. also used to refer to a synagogue? Questions 5. Give examples of the rites of passages that happen in Judaism. 1. What is kept in the ark? 2. What was written on the stones God Interior Features of the Synagogue gave to Moses?  Prayer Hall- The seats usually face 3. Why is it important that the towards the bimah (where the Torah Synagogue face Jerusalem? is read). One side has a focal point Worship in Orthodox and Reform of the ark. There is a chair for the Synagogues Ms Caden St Michael’s Catholic College R.E. Department

 Orthodox-  The is a prayer with long o The person leading the service tassels at each corner to remind will have their back to the them that they are obeying God’s congregation and face the ark. word when they wear it. o The service is conducted in  The are a pair of black Hebrew and singing is leather boxes that hold passages of unaccompanied. scripture. One is fastened to the o Men and women sit separately centre of the forehead and the so that a greater connection other is wound around the upper arm with God can be in line with the heart. This is to achieved. remind them that their o are all male. concentration should be on God and o Men cover their head their prayers come from the heart. with a as a sign  Format of Services- prayer is of respect to God. important as it helps to build a  Reform- relationship with God. In Orthodox o They may not hold daily Synagogues prayer is held every services but only celebrate morning, afternoon, and evening. and festivals. These prayers are taken from a book o Men and women sit together. called the . The opening o Women can perform all rituals prayer is a series of and that a man can e.g. being a prayers giving thanks to God. The cantor or being part of the Shema is also said. minyan.  - this is the ‘standing prayer’ o Services are conducted in and is made up of 19 blessings. both Hebrew and the language o The first 3 praise God and of their country. inspire the worshipper to ask for mercy. Questions o The middle 13 blessings are 1. What are Orthodox Jews? What do prayers that ask for God’s they believe? help-6 personal requests, 6 2. What are Reformed Jews? What do requests for the community they believe? and a final prayer that God 3. What is a cantor? accepts them. 4. What is the minyan? o The final 3 blessings thank Daily Services and Prayer God for the opportunity to serve him and prayer for  Tallit and Tefillin- During prayer peace, goodness, kindness and Orthodox men will wear these items compassion. and in some women will wear these as well. Links to Scripture and Teaching Ms Caden St Michael’s Catholic College R.E. Department

Exodus 13:9- it shall be a sign on your hand commandments to remember and and forehead to remind you that the observe the . teaching of the is in your mouth.  Two loaves of bread and grape juice are placed on the table. Questions: The wine is to symbolise joy and 1. Why is prayer so important? celebration. The bread symbolises Shabbat in the Synagogue the portions of manna that God provided for the in the  Shabbat is the day of rest and is wilderness. seen as a from God. Celebrating  Lighting the Candles- a female the Sabbath is a reminder of the family member lights the candles. made between God and the Once they are lit she welcomes the Jewish people. Sabbath by waving her hands around  Services- On the Friday night there the candles. is a brief service. At the end of the  Friday Meal- after the Friday service the prayer leader will take a evening service the head of the cup of wine and recite a blessing household blesses the children and () to thank God for the recites the Kiddush. Each family Sabbath. There is a longer service member must wash their hands on the Saturday morning where the before eating. The bread is cut and Torah is read. dipped in salt and passed around.  Torah- On Saturday morning the ark Stories from the scripture are told is opened and the congregation stand to the children after each course. to remember how the Jewish people  Saturday- After the morning service stood at the bottom of the family enjoy a meal in their when Moses returned with the 10 home. The end of Shabbat is marked commandments. by the service.

Links to scripture and teaching Questions:

 Exodus 20: 8-10- 10 commandments 1. Which commandments deal with the teaches to keep the Sabbath holy. Sabbath? Questions 2. What is said as the Sabbath is welcomed? 1. How does the Sabbath link to the 3. What is the Kiddush? creation story? 2. What is the ark? Worship in the Home

Shabbat in the Home  Everyday brings the opportunity to worship God. Prayers are said three  Shabbat is seen as a special event- times a day either at home or in the the best cutlery is used and at least Synagogue. The is a small two candles to represent the two Ms Caden St Michael’s Catholic College R.E. Department

box by the door- this contains a  - this is the ceremony of small part of the Torah. . Usually a close friend  Tenakh- this is the written law. It places the baby on an empty chair to contains the Torah (the five books symbolise the Prophet . The of Moses), Nevi’im (writings from baby will be place on the knee of the the Prophets that trace Jewish person who is chosen to be the history and expand on the laws in ‘companion of the child’. the Torah and (these are a Links to Scripture and Teaching collection of poetry, stories, advice and historical accounts).  Genesis 1:28- God blessed the Adam  - this is the oral law. These and Eve and told them to multiply. are the teachings on how to  Genesis 17: 11-14- God commands interpret the Torah and was passed and his descendants to down verbally through the circumcise all the men as a sign of generations. This was then put into their covenant. one document in 200BC and is called Questions the . The Mishnah has 6 sections; dietary laws, marriage and 1. Why are rituals important in Jewish divorce and the laws of Shabbat. family life? 2. What are the covenants that God Questions and Abraham made?

1. Why are these writings so important Bar/Bat to Jewish people? 2. How are these writings used  This happens when a Jewish girl differently by Reform and Orthodox reaches 12 and a Jewish boy reaches Jews? 13. 3. What does the mezuzah remind  Bar Mitzvah- the boy is called to Jewish people of? read from the Torah. Many Synagogues will hold classes to help Ceremonies Associated with Birth prepare boys for the occasion. He  Naming Ceremony- Boys are named 8 will wear a tallit for the first time, says after their birth when they are lead part of the prayer/service and circumcised. A girl’s is make a short speech. It is common announced by her father to the to have celebrations after this. Synagogue one month after her  Bat Mitzvah- Only reform Jews will birth. In Orthodox families it is have this celebration. Just like in common for both girls and boys to the Bar Mitzvah she will read from be blessed in the Synagogue on their the Torah, give a short speech and first Sabbath and the father will lead part of the prayer service. recite from the Torah. Questions Ms Caden St Michael’s Catholic College R.E. Department

1. What does Bar/Bat Mitzvah mean? o A marriage contract is signed 2. What is a tallit? in front of witnesses, read out 3. Why do bat mitzvahs not take place and given to the bride. in an orthodox synagogue? o The groom will break a glass under his foot to show regret Marriage for the destruction of the  It is traditional for Jewish couples Temple; it symbolises that in to use a matchmaker. Orthodox life there is a hardship as well Jews believe that the matchmaker is as joy. working on God’s behalf. o The congregation will shout  Marriage is seen as a spiritual bond ‘’ which means ‘good where two are fused to become luck’. one. Links to Scripture and Teaching  Betrothal- This takes place before the wedding. The Hebrew for this  Genesis 2:24- when a man leaves his word is ‘kiddushin’ which means mother and father he becomes one ‘made holy’ or ‘set aside’. The couple flesh with his wife. are set aside for each other and in Questions Jewish law it cannot be broken except by or divorce. 1. What sort of things would orthodox  During the betrothal a wedding and reform Jews expect the contract is drawn up. wedding contract to cover?  The Wedding- this takes place in the 2. Which way would the chuppah face? Synagogue; it is led by the Rabbi 3. How is the Jewish community and the couple stand under a involved in a couple’s wedding canopy called a chuppah. It can rituals? happen on any day except the Mourning for the Dead Sabbath. o Some may fast in preparation  Many will tear their clothes for their wedding to cleanse (following ’s example). themselves of sin.  Mourning- Before the person is o The bride circles the groom, buried their family can mourn they recite two blessings over without any set rules. After burial a wine, and the groom will place meal of bread and eggs is held to a ring the wife’s finger while symbolise new life. saying: “Behold, you are  - 7 days of intense mourning. consecrated to me by means The mourners will stay at home and of this ring, according to the sit on low stools, they do not wear rituals of Moses and .” makeup or shave. Mirrors are covered so that they do not focus on their appearance. Prayer services Ms Caden St Michael’s Catholic College R.E. Department

are held three times a day in the  Orthodox Jews will follow these laws home. closely. They believe the  Lesser mourning- this lasts 30 days. laws are sent by God to Normal life resumes but they will test their obedience and not listen to music , go to parties or help develop self-control. shave/cut their hair.  Reform Jews- some believe that  The final period of mourning lasts 11 these laws are outdated and each months. They will not attend parties. person should decide if they want to Formal mourning ends once this follow them. period is over but children will  Kosher Butchers- the knife must be continue to make the anniversary of very sharp and they are cut by the their parent’s death. throat so they do not suffer. All the  Funeral- Some reform Jews will blood is drained as it is forbidden accept cremation but most Jews will for Jews. be buried. The body is washed and  Jewish Kitchen- certain foods, e.g. wrapped in a plain linen cloth. The dairy and , are not allowed to be service does not take place in the eaten at the same time. Synagogue- the body is transported o Orthodox Jews- some will directly to the cemetery. Jewish law have two sinks and two states that a tombstone must be preparation areas so that placed on the grave of the person. meat and milk can be kept separate. Links to Scripture and Teaching Links to Scripture and Teaching  Genesis 37:34- Jacob tore his clothes when mourning for his son.  Deuteronomy 12:23- states that blood must not be consumed as this Questions is the life. 1. Why might they place the tear on  Exodus 23:19- Do not boil a kid in its their left hand side when a close mother’s milk. relative dies? Questions 2. What else is a man’s body wrapped in at burial? 1. What is food that is not permitted 3. What does a stone placed on the called? tombstone symbolise? 2. What is the Talmud? 3. Which animals cannot be eaten? Dietary Laws 4. Give examples of Kosher food.  Food that is permitted is called and Kosher. The food laws are found in the Torah and advice on how to put  Origins of Rosh Hashanah- recalls this into practice are in the Talmud. the Genesis creation and is the anniversary of the day God created Ms Caden St Michael’s Catholic College R.E. Department

humans. Some believe that God throughout the day. Suring the final keeps a record of all the good and service the doors of the Ark are bad deeds; god will judge them and opened and all must stand. This is decide their fortune for the coming the last chance to make a year. before the door of the ark is closed.  Celebration- Links to Scripture and Teaching o Everyday in the month leading up to Rosh Hashanah a ram’s  Rabbi Moses Ben Maimon- the ten horn () is blown in the days between Rosh Hashanah and Synagogue. Yom Kippur are a good time to seek o Prayers for forgiveness are forgiveness. said during this time. The day  Leviticus 16: 29-31- The day of before similar preparations atonement is made to be cleansed of are made as on the Sabbath. C all sins. No work should be done.

o andles are lit before sunset Questions and there is a service at the Synagogue where prayers 1. What preparations are made for the focus on asking God to be the Sabbath? in the coming year. 2. What does the colour white o During the meal apples are symbolise? dipped in honey to symbolise 3. Why is the word ‘we’ used rather hope for a sweet new year. than ‘I’? o The next morning the shofar Pesach is blown 100 times and there  Preparations- God commanded the is a longer service at the Jews to celebrate their escape from Synagogue. by eating .  Origins of Yom Kippur- this is the This is to remember that when the holiest day in the Jewish . Jewish people left Egypt they did It is the day of atonement when the not have time for their bread to Book of Judgement is closed- rise. it is expect that they will have  Sedar- This lasts for 7/8 mended any relationships in days. The mother will light candles the days between Rosh to welcome the festival. On the Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Sedar plate there is;  Celebration- o A green vegetable to dip in o No work is done; fasting for salt water. 25 hours; bathing, wearing o Bitter herbs made from leather and sex is forbidden; horseradish. and white is worn. o A second bitter herb e.g.  Many spend the day in the lettuce. Synagogue where services are held Ms Caden St Michael’s Catholic College R.E. Department

o A roasted egg. 5. Define Pesach. (1) o A lamb bone. 6. Define Rosh Hashanah. (1)  The salt water represents the tears shed in .  The Red wine is a reminded of the lambs blood smeared over every door.  The green vegetables represent the new life in the .  Bitter herbs represent the bitterness of slavery and are dipped in sweet charoset that represents 7. Define Shabbat. (1) the mortar used by the slaves. 8. Define Yom Kippur. (1)  The roasted egg and lamb bone 9. Give two features of an Orthodox represent of the sacrifices made in Synagogue. (2) the Temple of Jerusalem. 10. Give two features of a Reform  Four glasses of wine are poured and Synagogue. (2) represent the four freedoms God 11. Give two of the religious features of promised. A fifth cup of wine is a synagogue.(2) poured and the door left open for 12. Explain two similarities between a the Prophet Elijah. reform and orthodox synagogue. (4) Links to Scripture and Teaching 13. Explain two contrasting features of a reform and orthodox synagogue. (4  Exodus 6: 6-7- The Lord proclaims 14. Explain two ways the Sabbath is that he will free the Jewish people celebrated in the home. (4) from slavery under the . 15. Explain two ways in which beliefs Questions about life after death influence Jewish mourning rituals.(4) 1. What does Pesach mean? 16. Explain two ways Rosh Hashanah is 2. How does it link to the story of celebrated. (4) Moses? 17. Explain two purposes of the Amidah 3. Who is the Prophet Elijah? Why is prayer.(5) he important? 18. Explain two differences between the 4. Why is this festival so important to Tenakh and the Talmud. (5) Jewish people? 19. Explain two ways the Jewish celebrates the birth of a child. (5) Exam Questions 20. ‘The festivals of Judaism have no 1. Define Bar Mitzvah. (1) religious importance today.’ Evaluate this statement. (12) 2. Define Bat Mitzvah. (1) 21. ‘The most important duty is to 3. Define Brit Milah. (1) attend the Synagogue.’ Evaluate this 4. Define Kosher. (1) statement. (12) Ms Caden St Michael’s Catholic College R.E. Department

22. ‘The most important is Yom Kippur.’ Evaluate this statement. (12) 12 mark question skills OR Intro: In this essay I am going to agree/disagree with the statement…

ACR 1

The first argument to support my thesis is…

Others would argue against this by saying…

I don’t accept this counter-argument because…

ACR 2

Furthermore, I would argue that…

Again, others would disagree because…

However, their arguments are not good arguments because…

Conclusion: Overall, I think that…