NONVIOLENCE NEWS NOVEMBER – DECEMBER - JANUARY 2018 – 2019 Issue 5.0 ISSN: 2202 - 9648

I have nothing new to teach the world. Truth and Nonviolence are as old as the hills. All I have done is to try experiments in both on as vast a scale as I could.

-Mahatma Gandhi

President’s Page

Corruption is the biggest enemy of human rights.

Gambhir Watts OAM, President, International Centre of Nonviolence Australia

It was 30 January 1948 evening Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated by a radical. Mahatma Gandhi the greatest apostle of nonviolence in action and civil rights pioneered and practiced the principle of Satyagraha—resistance to tyranny through mass nonviolent civil disobedience. He remains a true legend of Human Rights movements all over the planet Earth.

On this day of Mahatma Gandhi’s martyrdom, we pay our homage and pray for all those who have been martyrs for the cause of nonviolence and human rights.

On the Civil Rights Memorial are inscribed the names of individuals who lost their lives in the struggle for freedom during the modern Civil Rights Movement - 1954 to 1968. The martyrs include activists who were targeted for death because of their civil rights work; random victims of vigilantes determined to halt the movement; and individuals who, in the sacrifice of their own lives, brought new awareness to the struggle. 7 May 1955 – Belzoni, Mississippi: Rev. George Lee, one of the first black people registered to vote in Humphreys County, used his pulpit and his printing press to urge others to vote. White officials offered Lee protection on the condition he end his voter registration efforts, but Lee refused and was murdered. 13 August 1955 –Brookhaven, Mississippi: Lamar Smith was shot dead on the courthouse lawn by a white man in broad daylight while dozens of people watched. The killer was never indicted because no one would admit they saw a white man shoot a black man. Smith had organized blacks to vote in a recent election. 28 August 1955 –Money, Mississippi: Emmett Louis Till, a 14-year-old boy on vacation from Chicago, reportedly flirted with a white woman in a store. Three nights later, two men took Till from his bed, beat him, shot him and dumped his body in the Tallahatchie River. An all- white jury found the men innocent of murder. 22 October 1955 – Mayflower, Texas: John Earl Reese, 16, was dancing in a café when white men fired shots into the windows. Reese was killed, and two others were wounded. The shootings were part of an attempt by whites to terrorize blacks into giving up plans for a new school.

23 January 1957 – Montgomery, Alabama: Willie Edwards Jr., a truck driver, was on his way to work when he was stopped by four Klansmen. The men mistook Edwards for another man who they believed was dating a white woman. They forced Edwards at gunpoint to jump off a bridge into the Alabama River. Edwards’ body was found three months later. 25 April 1959 –Poplarville, Mississippi: Mack Charles Parker, 23, was accused of raping a white woman. Three days before his case was set for trial, a masked mob took him from his jail cell, beat him, shot him and threw him in the Pearl River.

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25 September 1961 –Liberty, Mississippi: Herbert Lee, who worked with civil rights leader Bob Moses to help register black voters, was killed by a state legislator who claimed self-defense and was never arrested. Louis Allen, a black man who witnessed the murder, was later also killed. 9 April 1962 –Taylorsville, Mississippi: Cpl. Roman Ducksworth Jr., a military police officer stationed in Maryland, was on leave to visit his sick wife when he was ordered off a bus by a police officer and shot dead. The police officer may have mistaken Ducksworth for a “freedom rider” who was testing bus desegregation laws. 30 September 1962 –Oxford, Mississippi: Paul Guihard, a reporter for a French news service, was killed by gunfire from a white mob during protests over the admission of James Meredith to the University of Mississippi. 23 April 1963 – Attalla, Alabama: William Lewis Moore, a postman from Baltimore, was shot and killed during a one-man march against segregation. Moore had planned to deliver a letter to the governor of Mississippi urging an end to intolerance. 12 June 1963 - Jackson, Mississippi: Medgar Evers, who directed NAACP operations in Mississippi, was leading a campaign for integration in Jackson when he was shot and killed by a sniper at his home. 15 September 1963 – Birmingham, Alabama: Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson and Cynthia Wesley were getting ready for church services when a bomb exploded at the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, killing all four of the school-age girls. The church had been a center for civil rights meetings and marches. 15 September 1963 – Birmingham, Alabama: Virgil Lamar Ware, 13, was riding on the handlebars of his brother’s bicycle when he was fatally shot by white teenagers. The white youths had come from a segregationist rally held in the aftermath of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing. 31 January 1964 - Liberty, Mississippi: Louis Allen, who witnessed the murder of civil rights worker Herbert Lee, endured years of threats, jailings and harassment. He was making final arrangements to move north on the day he was killed. 7 April 1964 – Cleveland, Ohio: Rev. Bruce Klunder was among civil rights activists who protested the building of a segregated school by placing their bodies in the way of construction equipment. Klunder was crushed to death when a bulldozer backed over him. 2 May 1964 - Meadville, Mississippi: Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore were killed by Klansmen who believed the two were part of a plot to arm blacks in the area. (There was no such plot.) Their bodies were found during a massive search for the missing civil rights workers Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner. 21 June 1964 - Philadelphia, Mississippi: James Earl Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Henry Schwerner, young civil rights workers, were arrested by a deputy sheriff and then released into the hands of Klansmen who had plotted their murders. They were shot, and their bodies were buried in an earthen dam. 11 July 1964 – Colbert, Georgia: Lt. Col. Lemuel Penn, a Washington, D.C., educator, was driving home from U.S. Army Reserves training when he was shot and killed by Klansmen in a passing car. 26 February 1965– Marion, Alabama: Jimmie Lee Jackson was beaten and shot by state troopers as he tried to protect his grandfather and mother from a trooper attack on civil

Nonviolence News I August – September – October 2018 3 rights marchers. His death led to the Selma-Montgomery march and the eventual passage of the Voting Rights Act. 11 March 1965– Selma, Alabama: Rev. James Reeb, a Unitarian minister from Boston, was among many white clergymen who joined the Selma marchers after the attack by state troopers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Reeb was beaten to death by white men while he walked down a Selma street. 25 March 1965– Selma Highway, Alabama: Viola Gregg Liuzzo, a housewife and mother from Detroit, drove alone to Alabama to help with the Selma march after seeing televised reports of the attack at the Edmund Pettus Bridge. She was ferrying marchers between Selma and Montgomery when she was shot and killed by a Klansmen in a passing car. 2 June 1965– Bogalusa, Louisiana: Oneal Moore was one of two black deputies hired by white officials in an attempt to appease civil rights demands. Moore and his partner, Creed Rogers, were on patrol when they were blasted with gunfire from a passing car. Moore was killed, and Rogers was wounded. 18 July 1965 – Anniston, Alabama: Willie Brewster was on his way home from work when he was shot and killed by white men. The men belonged to the National States Rights Party, a violent neo-Nazi group whose members had been involved in church bombings and murders of blacks. 20 August 1965 – Hayneville, Alabama: Jonathan Myrick Daniels, an Episcopal Seminary student in Boston, had come to Alabama to help with black voter registration in Lowndes County. He was arrested at a demonstration, jailed in Hayneville and then suddenly released. Moments after his release, he was shot to death by a deputy sheriff. 3 January 1966 – Tuskegee, Alabama: Samuel Leamon Younge Jr., a student civil rights activist, was fatally shot by a white gas station owner following an argument over segregated restrooms. 10 January 1966 – Hattiesburg, Mississippi: Vernon Ferdinand Dahmer, a wealthy businessman, offered to pay poll taxes for those who couldn’t afford the fee required to vote. The night after a radio station broadcasted Dahmer’s offer, his home was firebombed. Dahmer died later from severe burns. 10 June 1966 – Natchez, Mississippi: Ben Chester White, who had worked most of his life as a caretaker on a plantation, was not involved in civil rights work. He was murdered by Klansmen who thought they could divert attention from a civil rights march by killing a black person. 30 June 1966 – Bogalusa: Louisiana: Triggs was a bricklayer who had attended civil rights meetings sponsored by the Congress of Racial Equality. He was found dead on a roadside, shot through the head. 27 February 1967 – Natchez, Mississippi: Wharlest Jackson, the treasurer of his local NAACP chapter, was one of many blacks who received threatening Klan notices at his job. After Jackson was promoted to a position previously reserved for whites, a bomb was planted in his car. It exploded minutes after he left work one day, killing him instantly. 22 May 1967 – Jackson, Mississippi: Benjamin Brown, a former civil rights organizer, was watching a student protest from the sidelines when he was hit by stray gunshots from police who fired into the crowd.

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8 February 1968 – Orangeburge, South Carolina: Samuel Ephesians Hammond Jr., Delano Herman Middleton and Henry Ezekial Smith were shot and killed by police who fired on student demonstrators at the South Carolina State College campus. 4 April 1968 – Memphis, Tennessee: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a Baptist minister, was a major architect of the Civil Rights Movement. He led and inspired major non-violent desegregation campaigns, including those in Montgomery and Birmingham. He won the Nobel peace prize. He was assassinated as he prepared to lead a demonstration in Memphis.

The Iraqi Civil Society Solidarity Initiative – February 20, 2017 On Saturday February 11, Baghdad, the capital of Iraq witnessed peaceful demonstrations following calls by the Shiite cleric, Muqtada al-Sadr. Thousands of demonstrators and supporters of al-Sadr together with many other civilians headed off from Tahrir Square. They were unified in demanding reform of the Electoral Commission, which they accuse of corruption and bias towards the ruling parties, especially the Dawa Party. When the demonstrators tried to cross Al Jumhuriyah Bridge, which links Tahrir Square and the Green Zone, special governmental troops wearing black uniforms started launching tear gas at the protesters, beating them, and opening fire on them. Nine people were killed, and 281 others wounded as a result of the clash. Eight of the martyrs were unarmed demonstrators; the ninth was a member of the Iraqi police force, who tried to protect the protesters from the attack by the “black-clothes forces”. The Iraqi government later claimed there were “infiltrators” among the demonstrators who instigated the violence; while protesters accused the government special forces of causing the violence that killed the nonviolent protesters and injured hundreds more. Activists have posted photos and videos on the social networking site “Facebook” that show the Special Forces attacking the demonstrators as well as members of the army, who displayed sympathy with the demonstrators.

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“SPREADING A CULTURE OF PEACE” 10 FE DEL MUNDO 29

AHIMSA: THE SACRED PATH OF NON-VIOLENCE 14 LEWISHAM, LONDON 1977: NOTES ON FIGHTING FASCISM 32

WORLDWIDE UN FAMILY CELEBRATES ENDURING REINCARNATION: SOCRATES TO SALINGER 36 UNIVERSAL VALUES OF HUMAN RIGHTS 16 NON-VIOLENCE, A FORCE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY 18 SWAMI CHINMAYANANDA'S SPIRITUAL MISSION 44

HINTS TO HAPPINESS 25 KEEP MARCHING: WHY STREET PROTESTS REALLY DO MAKE A DIFFERENCE 47

International Centre of Nonviolence Australia Office Bearers President and National Coordinator, Gambhir Watts OAM Patrons • Rev. Dr. Ela Gandhi (Granddaughter Mahatma Gandhi) Founder & Trustee, Gandhi Development Publisher & General Editor Trust, South Africa • Libby Davies, CEO, White Ribbon Australia Gambhir Watts OAM • Emeritus Professor Magnus Haavelsrud, Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Compilation by Anna Andriiashina

Technology Management, Norwegian University International Centre of Nonviolence Australia • Greg Johns (General Director, Soka Gakkai International Australia) • Nick Kaldas APM (Deputy Commissioner of Police, NSW Police Force) • Dr Stepan Kerkyasharian AO (Chairperson, Community Relations Commissions for a Multicultural Suite 102 Level L1 (Lower Ground) NSW) 515 Kent Street, Sydney NSW 2000 T: +61 2 9283 5088, E: • Emeritus Professor Bernard LaFayette (Distinguished Senior Scholar-in-Residence Religion, Conflict [email protected] and Peacebuilding, Emory University) • Dr Phil Lambert (General Manager, Curriculum, Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting The views of contributors to Nonviolence Authority (ACARA) News are not necessarily the views of ICON • Rabbi Jeremy Lawrence (Senior Rabbi, the Great Synagogue Sydney) Australia or the Editor. Nonviolence News reserves the right to edit any contributed • Hon. Clover Moore (The Lord Mayor of Sydney) articles and letters submitted for publication. • Venerable Phra Mana Viriyarampo, (Abbot Sunnataram Forest Buddhist Monastery) • Dr Ravindra Kumar, Coordinator International Affairs, Shridhar University, Rajasthan, India Copyright: all advertisements and original • Emeritus Professor Stuart Rees AO (Chair, Sydney Peace Foundation) editorial material appearing remain the • Dr. Aden Ridgeway (Chairperson, NSW Government's Aboriginal Trust Fund Repayment Scheme) property of Nonviolence News and may not • Dr Neville Roach AO, Patron of Australia India Institute be reproduced except with the written consent of the owner of the copyright. • Nanik Rupani, Chairman Emeritus, Priyadarshni Academy, India • Professor Abdullah Saeed (Foundation Chair of the Sultan of Oman Endowed Chair and Director of the Nonviolence News: Issue 3.7 FEB – MAR Asia Institute) 2018 • Rabia Siddique, Humanitarian-Speaker-Author • Rosalind Strong AM, Chair, Sydney Community Foundation ISSN: 2202-9648

• Stafford Watts (Vice President, Ramakrishna Sarda Vedanta Society, NSW (representing Mataji)

Pravrajika Gayatriprana • Professor Thomas Weber (Reader and Associate Professor in Politics, La Trobe University).

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NONVIOLENCE NEWS AND EVENTS SEASON FOR NONVIOLENCE 2019

January 30 to April 4, 2019 in the World

Season for Nonviolence is observed on January 30, 2019. Season for Nonviolence was established by Arun Gandhi, Mohandas Gandhi's grandson, as a yearly event celebrating the philosophies and lives of Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. The "season" begins with the anniversary of Mohandas Gandhi's assassination on January 30 and ends with the anniversary of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination on April 4. It is anchored by a mission, statement of principles, and commitments by participants towards living in a nonviolent way.

The purpose of the campaign is to focus educational and media attention on the philosophy of attaining peace through nonviolent action as demonstrated by legendary leaders Mohandas K. Gandhi, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., Cesar E. Chavez, and President Nelson Mandela, as well as living legends such as His Holiness, Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet.

Spiritually guided citizen leaders in 900 cities in 67 countries have participated since the campaign began in 1998. THE HISTORY OF WORLD VEGAN MONTH The Vegan Society first began as an offshoot of The Vegetarian Society in November 1944, when Donald Watson, Elsie Shrigley and friends felt the important need to distinguish the difference between not eating meat, and not eating any products from animals. We began celebrating the founding of The Vegan Society in 1994 and every year since, November 1st has been marked as World Vegan Day, with its significance growing to be internationally recognised. In a natural progression, World Vegan Day evolved into World Vegan Week and now, what we celebrate as World Vegan Month; where vegans and veganism is celebrated in workplaces, shops, restaurants and in homes all over the world.

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RESPECT PEOPLE’S PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY AND FAIR TRAIL RIGHTS, UN HUMAN RIGHTS WING URGES NICARAGUA 23 November 2018 Nicaragua must respect the rights to free opinion and expression and to peaceful assembly, the United Nations human rights wing said on Friday, amid reports that authorities are continuing to criminalize legitimate actions of social leaders and others associated with protests that erupted in the country earlier this year. According to Government figures, some 273 people are being held in connection with the protests as of 5 November, but civil society reports suggest those detained number at least 586. OHCHR has also received reports that fair trial rights are being violated in the criminal trials of peasant and student leaders and other people involved in the protests, said Ms. Throssell, noting that the Office continues to monitor the country’s rights situation remotely and is publishing monthly reports on the situation.

TAKE ACTION TO ORANGE YOUR DAY Orange Day February 2015 UN Women Laos/Daniel Hodgson The UN Secretary-General’s UNiTE to End Violence against Women campaign, managed by UN Women, has proclaimed every 25th of the month as “Orange Day” – a day to take action to raise awareness and prevent violence against women and girls. Initiated and led by the UNiTE campaign Global Youth Network, Orange Day calls upon activists, governments and UN partners to mobilize people and highlight issues relevant to preventing and ending violence against women and girls, not only once a year, on 25 November (International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women), but every month. In 2015, a new global development agenda was accepted by all countries and is applicable to all. Through its 17 goals, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, an agenda for global action for the next 15 years, addresses the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social, and environmental. The Agenda recognizes gender equality and the empowerment of women as a key priority and pledges that “no one will be left behind.”

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Goal 5 of the agenda aims to “Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls” and includes specific targets to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls. However, all goals are integrated and indivisible, therefore their achievement is also fully dependent on ensuring parallel and interconnected implementation of the efforts to prevent and eliminate violence against women and girls. 2018 Orange the World: #HearMeToo, end violence against women and girls In recent years, the voices of survivors and activists, through campaigns such as #MeToo, #TimesUp, #Niunamenos, #NotOneMore, #BalanceTonPorc and others, have reached a crescendo that cannot be silenced any more. Advocates understand that while the names and contexts may differ across geographic locations, women and girls everywhere are experiencing extensive abuse and their stories need to be brought to light. This is why the UNiTE Campaign’s global advocacy theme this year is: Orange the World: #HearMeToo Under the theme Orange the World: #HearMeToo, the UNiTE partners are encouraged to host events with local, national, regional and global women’s movements, survivor advocates and women human rights defenders and create opportunities for dialogue between activists, policy-makers and the public. As in previous years, the colour orange will be a key theme unifying all activities, with buildings and landmarks lit and decorated in orange to bring global attention to the initiative. THE WOMEN’S WAVE IS COMING Sun. 20 January 2019 11:30 am – 3:00 pm AEDT Hyde Park Elizabeth St, Sydney, NSW 2000

Violence against women is a global epidemic. It’s in the headlines and in our homes. It’s in the media and in the streets. It happens where we work, where we study, where we walk, and where we play. Violence against women is never acceptable and it is time to stand together to make change. We are outraged. We are organised. And we aren’t going anywhere. Two years ago 5 million women lit the world on fire. Last year we showed everyone that we are #Unbroken. On January 20, 2019, we’re going to remind them of our power, strength, and unity when we flood the streets of Sydney, and cities across the globe. The #WomensWave is coming, and we’re sweeping the world forward with us. Sign up for our newsletter at www.womensmarchsydney.com Women’s March Sydney is a registered non-profit run by volunteers. We are nonpartisan and inclusive. We stand for equality and justice for all. Your donations help cover our event costs.

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PACIFIC GOVERNMENTS AND CIVIL SOCIETY LEADERS SEEK “SPREADING A CULTURE OF PEACE” In the middle of February, the Peace Summit of Pacific Leaders will be held at Parliament of New South Wales organized by an international peace NGO under the UN ECOSOC named Heavenly Culture, World Peace, Restoration of Light (HWPL). This summit has the theme of " 2019 Pacific Leaders Summit for Peace : Culture of Spreading Peace Beyond Ethnicity and Borders" with participants including political leaders of the PIF member states and the HWPL representatives including Chairman Man Hee Lee, a Korean peace activist and Korean War veteran. Participants will discuss the Declaration of Peace and Cessation of War (DPCW) to promote a culture of peace in the Pacific region. The DPCW was drafted by HWPL and international law experts and UN officials to establish peace as a global norm through international cooperation and active participation of citizens, and ensure the realization of rights to the development of nations in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). According to HWPL, along with strategic partnership with African Union (AU) through an MOU with Pan-African Parliament (PAP) in AU for international cooperation in peacebuilding, the summit is expected to further receive support from governments and social leaders in Asia-Pacific countries. “Our approach to peace has a foundation in the power of people. About 1.73 million people, 631 events in 176 countries, have taken part in the Legislate Peace Campaign to advocate the DPCW to be discussed by states and international organizations, raise awareness of peacebuilding by civil society, and ultimately promote a culture of peace through participation of people transcending language, ethnicity, culture or national border,” said Mr. Ian Seo, General Director of Department of Public Relations, HWPL.

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ON JANUARY 18, 2019 WE ARE UNITING INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ACROSS THE WORLD TO STAND TOGETHER TO BRING AWARENESS TO INJUSTICES

ABOUT THIS EVENT On January 18, 2019 we are uniting Indigenous and lands a safe, protected, and clean place to peoples across the world to stand together to live. It starts with us! bring awareness to the injustices affecting Please join us and help bring awareness regarding Indigenous men, women and children. the following; Indigenous peoples from North and South Missing and Murdered Indigenous women – America, Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean are Since 2016 there are over 7,000 missing and a target of genocide. Currently, many Indigenous murdered Indigenous women. Within the first 6 people are victims of voter suppression, divided months of 2018 there are 2,758 women reported families by walls and borders, an environmental missing. Even within Latino communities there holocaust, sex and human trafficking and police are over thousands of women in sex and human and military brutality with little or no resources trafficking. We need to bring this genocide and and awareness of this injustice. We Must Unite modern-day slavery to a national and and Help!! international platform. We are inviting a call to action of defenders of Native Lives Matter - For every 1 million Native human and environmental rights to join us in Americans, an average of 2.9 of them died Washington DC . January 18, 2019 (which is the annually from 1999 to 2015 as a result of a "legal day before the Women's March) will be the first intervention," according to a CNN review of CDC step of uniting our communities, tribes, nations data broken down by race. The vast majority of for a universal cry for justice from the grassroots these deaths were police shootings. But a few level up. This march is the beginning of building were attributed to other causes, including strong coalitions to make our homes, families, manhandling. That mortality rate is 12% higher Nonviolence News I April - May 2018 12 than for African-Americans and three times the Native American reservations to illegally adopt rate of whites. This treatment of police brutality and assimilate Native children. The treatment of amongst Indigenous people must stop. With lack Indigenous children is unlawful and we must save of awareness and resources, many Indigenous our children. families aren’t getting the justice they deserve. Honor Our earth…Respect Our Treaties – EVENT DETAILS President Trump’s first order of business was to Indigenous Peoples March in Washington, DC sign for the Dakota Access Pipeline and the will occur on Friday, January 18, 2019 (day before proposed Keystone XL pipeline. the Women's’ March on Washington) at 8am Dakota Access Pipeline The Standing Rock Sioux Gathering location: Bureau of Indian Affairs Tribe members have been fighting to stop the oil Office 1849 C Street NW, WDC from flowing into the Dakota Access Pipeline Prayer at 9 am (DAP). A camp of “water protectors” in the bayou March 10 am of Louisiana are getting arrested as they protect To JFK Hockey Field their lands and bayou on the tail end of the Rally at 11am - 4pm Dakota Access pipeline that is currently being Be out of park by 6pm built. The Keystone XL Pipeline will go along the *wear comfortable and warm clothing* Mississippi River and affect all of our water. *bring blankets/chairs for rally portion and Keystone scheduled to be built 2019, will illegally comfortability* *optional* be scheduled to be built on Native American- *rain/snow or shine no cancellations* owned lands and private landowners. Big Bear Ears Monument Trump administration The Indigenous Peoples March in Washington and investors are disregarding treaties to gain DC is a grassroot effort comprised of dozens of profit from a mining project. This project will independent coordinators at the state and tribal destroy our Big Bear Ears monument, a sacred level. The effort is helmed by a coalition of site to many Southwestern tribes. organizations, tribal councils, activists, The above noted are just a few of the occurrences influencers, media and youth leaders committee where Trump is dishonoring our treaties to steal to make sure this march is a success. lands for profit. The government is also The program on Friday, January 18, 2019 will dishonoring tribal treaties due to the building of feature voices from ALL Indigenous communities a wall near the US border.Hispanics are being and nations that are involved in the injustices denied and border tribes are being affected by the affecting Indigenous peoples. We will also feature disregard of our historical cultural presentations of song, dance and prayer agreements.Additionally, treaties are not as well. honored in Caribbean communities (where Columbus set foot first and slaughtered millions of Indigenous peoples). Puerto Rico still hasn’t received the aide they need. We must unite to save our lands, waters and people. Protect Our Children - From the Indian Welfare Source: Act to Immigration, Indigenous children from https://www.eventbrite.com/e/indigenous- Mexico and South America are put in cages. They peoples-march-registration- are also separated from their families and put into 52994200079?aff=ebdssbdestsearce adoption agencies. Agencies are still coming into

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AHIMSA: THE SACRED PATH OF NON-VIOLENCE By Dada J. P. Vaswani of two categories: food of violence or himsa — food that includes fish, flesh and fowl; the alternative is the food of ahimsa or non-violence — in other words, a vegetarian diet. True, vegetarian food is perhaps the toughest choice that 'converts' must make. A vegetarian lifestyle is a way of life that is based on ahimsa.

Dada J. P. Vaswani These are troubled times, indeed turbulent times that we live in. Insensate violence and strife are all pervasive. Murder, mayhem, corruption and cruelty have become the norm of 'news' content to which we listen daily, too numbed even to react. In an age which believes that war and violence can be justified as 'means' to achieve desirable ends, Gandhiji's emphasis on non¬violence may seem obsolete and impractical. But the Hindu way of life has always Mahatma Gandhi taught us that ahimsa is the greatest virtue: Vegetarianism is no longer the diet of the ahimsa paramo dharma. neglected few, the freak or the eccentric. In its comprehensive meaning, ahimsa or non- Vegetarianism is the way of life for the twenty injury means complete abstinence from causing first century. People all over the world are turning any pain or harm whatsoever to any living to a vegetarian diet, for it has been recognised as creature, by thought, word or deed. Non-injury is a way of life which promotes health. The ancient not an abstract philosophy; at its most basic, it rishi of the Ishapanishad sang, Ishavasyam Idam requires us to think harmless thoughts, utter Sarvam: all that is, is a vesture of the Lord. Man non-injurious words as well as perform non- has a mystic sense of kinship with all creation, all violent deeds. Ahimsa is not just an act of that lives; this is what makes every life sacred; this omission, but a form of positive, cosmic love. is why, in my thinking, meat eating must be Man cannot live without air, water and food. condemned as murder of non-human creatures! While air and water are available to us in the When you are awakened to the fact that all life is natural state, food is selected, prepared and eaten One; all life is sacred; when you have a by our own choice. In practical terms food can be

Nonviolence News I April - May 2018 14 universalist view of life, you will be filled with The very first fundamental right of an animal is love and compassion for all beings. the right to live. No man can take away that which he cannot give. Since we cannot give life to COSMIC CONSCIOUSNESS a dead creature, it goes without saying that we have no right to take away the life of a living one, just to pamper our palate and indulge our taste buds. Nor should we regard ahimsa as a passive attitude, as the resort of the weak and the powerless: on the other hand, it is a dynamic, positive force which is achieved only by those who are spiritually strong. For those of you who wish to cultivate this great virtue, my advice would be to begin with the tapasya of the tongue: do not utter harsh, angry and foul words; control your speech; then, at the next level, control your palate: do not crave for foods of violence. “The very first fundamental right of an animal is Sadhu Vaswani I believe that he who kills another, kills his own the right to live. No man can take away that spirit! He who feeds on death, himself becomes which he cannot give. Since we cannot give life to food for death. He who inflicts suffering upon a dead creature, it goes without saying that we another, brings suffering upon himself. Such is have no right to take away the life of a living one, the law. Every bit of flesh you tear, you will be just to pamper our palate and indulge our taste called upon to repair with your own flesh! Every buds.” limb you mutilate, you will be compelled to We have been so concerned with the difficulties replace with your own limb! And every bone you of practising non¬violence in daily life towards break, or cause to be broken for your need, you other people, that we are often apt to overlook will be asked to mend with your own bone! Let us the fact that this principle should also extend to therefore, cultivate what Gurudev Sadhu Vaswani all living things and beings: this is why ahimsa is calls 'Cosmic Consciousness' — to commune with a favourite ideal with environmentalists all over the earth-spirit, to have a new feeling for the the world. The degradation of the forests, the 'animal' world. For the so-called 'lower' animals raids on natural resources, the failure to protect are also children of Mother Earth. endangered species, the cruel slaughter of The time has come when we must decide, once animals and poultry for human consumption — and for all, that all types of exploitation, all types these are also forms of himsa that we practise on of human tyranny must cease, if we are to have the world of creation around us. True ahimsa is a lasting peace in the world. It is only through a binding code of conduct that requires us to be shared reverence for all life that the dream of sensitive to the pain of non-human creatures. world peace can be turned into a realisable goal. Should your hands be among those cruel ones? Every animal has some fundamental rights — and Surely, you have the choice not to let them be the time has come when we must formulate a cruel! These hands were given to us to bless, not charter of animal rights. This naturally implies a to butcher; to help and heal, not to harm other charter of man's duties towards the animal creatures; to serve, not to slaughter! kingdom. Source: Bhavan’s Journal, 15 November, 2018

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WORLDWIDE UN FAMILY CELEBRATES ENDURING UNIVERSAL VALUES OF HUMAN RIGHTS

10 December 2018 “a living document, just as powerful and valid Across the world, the UN family has been making today as it was in the ashes and rubble of global sure that this year’s Human Rights Day – which destruction.” falls on Monday, and marks 70 years since the President of the General Assembly, Maria adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Fernanda Espinosa, also speaking at the Rights – succeeds in raising awareness of the conference, referred to the context in which the principles enshrined in the document, which are as Declaration was drawn up, mentioning that she important and relevant today, as they were in 1948. had, just a few weeks earlier, placed a wreath Speaking in Marrakesh, where over 160 before the “Wall of Death” in Auschwitz, a Governments signed up to the first-ever global moment that, she said, she is unlikely to ever migration pact on Monday, UN chief António forget: Guterres said that the Compact is an important "This sentiment, I imagine, was shared by the step towards safety and dignity for millions of original architects of the Universal Declaration of people which “sets out in practical terms how Human Rights. Having borne witness to the Member States and other stakeholders can atrocities of the Second World War, they, like respect, protect and fulfil the human rights of all those who crafted the Charter of the United migrants, in line with the Universal Declaration.” Nations, understood that human life and human The UN Chief was followed by Michelle Bachelet, dignity had to be protected, everywhere and at all UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, costs.” reinforced Mr. Guterres’s comments, reminding Nevertheless, the fight for human rights is far the audience that the Universal Declaration of from over: the Secretary-General said it Human Rights was forged in the crisis of the post- “saddened” him that the global human rights war period as a guide to leading societies away agenda seemed to be losing ground, noting a rise from “conflict, inequality and turmoil,” which is a in authoritarianism, xenophobia and intolerance. “Egregious human rights violations” such as

Nonviolence News I April - May 2018 16 torture, extrajudicial killings, and detention fundamental freedoms to be respected in the without trial, still persist, he added. country, welcoming breakthroughs such as the NEW RISKS TO HUMAN RIGHTS work of the Afghanistan Independent Human Threats to human rights were also being Rights Commission, new laws empowering the highlighted at UN headquarters in New York on media, a new Penal Code reflecting the country’s Monday, where charities, non-governmental commitment to promote fundamental freedoms, organizations and members of civil society were and the presence of women in civil service joined by Andrew Gilmour, UN Assistant positions and in the private sector. Secretary-General for Human Rights, for a Meanwhile, in South Sudan, commuters in the discussion about the ways that modern capital, Juba, got the chance to see their military challenges, unforeseen 70 years ago, are in a different light on Monday: as athletes. impacting rights. Hundreds of military personnel – as well as police The talk covered digital technologies, which have and prison officers, fire-fighters and members of led to many benefits, but also brought about new the wildlife services – took part in a 10-kilometre risks which could replicate, and even exacerbate race around the streets of the capital, organized existing threats to human rights; and climate by the United Nations Mission in South Sudan change, which risks making much of the planet (UNMISS), to promote awareness of human uninhabitable rights and the need for peace in the conflict- DEFENDING HUMAN RIGHTS IN CONFLICT affected country. ZONES Speaking on Monday, David Shearer, Special Upholding human rights in challenging Representative of the Secretary-General and situations is one of the key roles of the United Head of UNMISS, said that “the only way that Nations peacekeeping missions, which share a South Sudan is going to recover is by having 70th birthday with the Universal Declaration of peace and respect for human rights. If respect for Human Rights, and the UN peacekeepers and human rights is there, then there is peace. If there staff working in these challenging environments is peace, it involves respect for human rights and have been celebrating the occasion in a number people’s ethnicity and political persuasion. The of ways. two things go hand in hand.” In Afghanistan, the UN Assistance Mission Source: (UNAMA) renewed its call for human rights and https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1028071

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NON-VIOLENCE, A FORCE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY Article written by François Vaillant1 for the EESC, in the framework of the conference "Non-violence, a new way forward for the 21st century?" (translated from French)

Non-violence is a way of humanising human tied to any one culture or any one religion; this is society. It develops ethical requirements that very important to understand, as is the fact that merely hark back to the age-old wisdom of non-violence has nothing to do with passivity or civilisations. Given that violence is, increasingly, resignation. the main scourge of our time, how we can escape from the spiral of violence? Meeting violence BE ABLE TO SAY "NO!" with non-violence to resolve a conflict: is this The originality of the term "non-violence", is the effective or realistic? This article attempts to immediate emphasis, in its pronunciation, on the answer these questions, while setting out the "non" [or "no" in French], so as to say "no!" to fundamental principles of non-violence. violence. Violence, even the mildest form, always The term "non-violence" was coined by Gandhi in leads to a mimetic cycle from which it is difficult 1920, and was first used in the French-speaking to then escape. "You hit me, I hit you", then the world from 1921, thanks to the writer Romain situation escalates and it is "war". By saying "no!" Rolland. immediately, a person avoids falling into "Non-violence" is the English translation of the imitation of their opponent's violence and letting Sanskrit word ahimsa (a: without and himsa: themself be led. Saying "no!" means standing violence, harm). In the 21st century, "non- back and taking the necessary time to reflect and violence" is a term used across the five ask the right question: "what is the right thing to continents. This means that non-violence is not do?". Nonviolence News I April - May 2018 18

Violence is specific to humans. Only humans are resolve their conflicts without recourse to capable of murder because they are the only violence. Recognising a conflict – interpersonal, 2 social or political – is the first step to take to avoid beings equipped with reason. There is no such being cowardly. Contrary to popular belief, non- 3 thing as "good violence". Violence is always evil, violence does not mean refraining from taking a even if sometimes, in rare borderline cases, it can stand in a conflict. It may, on the contrary, be prove to be a lesser evil. required, in order to trigger a conflict. In this Violence operates as a cycle: even to combat a vein, direct non-violent action was for Gandhi case of blatant injustice or institutional violence, and then Martin Luther King a way of bringing a violent revolt will trigger a brutal violent conflicts out into the open, so as to, in King's own crackdown from the established power, which words: "create such a crisis and foster such a only serves to exacerbate the initial injustice or tension that a community which has constantly institutional violence. It is always futile to say refused to negotiate is forced to confront the that power comes from the barrel of a gun, when issue. It seeks so to dramatise the issue that it can 6 it is the opponent who holds all the weapons. no longer be ignored". The originality of non-violence lies in thwarting For example, when in December 1955, Rosa Parks, repression by breaking the cycle of violence. The a black seamstress, deliberately took a seat in the methods of non-violent action are aimed at area reserved for white people in the bus taking creating a balance of power that compels the her home after a hard day's work, she sparked a opponent to engage in dialogue, i.e. to negotiate. conflict with the driver and then with the police. The new societal reality is that violence is Racial segregation was in force at the time on the gradually losing its aura through the decades. It buses of Montgomery and in its schools and is being more and more brought to light and shops. Whites on one side, blacks on the other, criticised – domestic violence against women, for throughout the city. The conflict sparked by Rosa instance, began to be seen as a real social problem Parks came to the attention of a young black only in the twentieth century. All violence creates pastor, whose name was Martin Luther King one or more victims, but it also wounds and (1929-1968). He was known then only by his bruises the humanity of those who perpetrate it. parishioners. He went on to become the leader While violence has indeed been around forever, and thinker who is now so well known. On the it should be noted that the concept of non- evening of the arrest of Rosa Parks, he said "no" violence is new. to the segregation that had worn down and It was only in the 1980s that NGOs referring humiliated the black community, just as he said explicitly to non-violence began to be formed in "no" to violence as a means of struggle. He European countries (Italy, France, Germany, the proposed that the black people of Montgomery UK, the Netherlands, etc.). Since the year 2000, boycott the city's buses until the law on other NGOs have emerged outside the EU, segregation in buses was changed. From the next 4 notably in Africa, which have then called on day on, most of the buses were empty, as blacks European NGOs to help them set up programmes walked instead. The boycott lasted 382 days! The 5 bus company was owned by white people. It did for non-violent conflict regulation. not back down out of any generosity of spirit, but because it was on the brink of bankruptcy. To CONFLICT survive, it had win back its black customers. In Non-violence does not postulate a world without the final negotiation, it should be noted that conflict, but shows people that it is possible to

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Martin Luther King forced his opponent – the bus The aim of non-violent conflict resolution is not company – to hire black drivers. to humiliate the opponent but to eliminate the Triggering a conflict, and then resolving it, is at injustice being perpetrated. At the end of a the heart of the principle of non-violence. The conflict that is resolved non-violently, there is problem is not that there are conflicts to resolve. indeed a winner and a loser, but there is neither Even friends and couples who get on wonderfully victor nor vanquished, because the gain in well sometimes have conflicts to resolve. There humanity is shared between all. European NGOs are no human communities free from disputes or engaged in non-violence fall into two main conflicts. categories: those concerned primarily with

The problem is not their existence but how they education as regards non-violence and those are resolved. It is so easy to suppress such seeking to act with regard to the political factors conflicts, to pretend not to see them, and then of particular types of violence, such as the they may re-emerge as more serious conflicts, stockpiling of weapons, the arms trade, or the involving violence. military and/or civilian nuclear industry. There Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 20 are not many NGOs involved in both fostering a SEEKING COURAGE more harmonious coexistence and in denouncing "Where there is only a choice between cowardice violence linked to a policy of weapons and violence, I would advise violence", Gandhi stockpiling. It should be noted that, since the said, before adding "but I believe that non- 2000s, these various NGOs have sought, within violence is infinitely superior to violence". Non- their respective fields, to get to know each other violence allows you to be neither cowardly nor better and to pool their research and activities. violent. It is passivity that is the most common For instance, and particularly following the war enemy of nonviolence. Taking it to the extreme, in Kosovo, the concept of unarmed civilian real courage means putting your life at risk so as peacekeeping (UCP) emerged and several NGOs not to kill, instead of killing so as not to die. sought to work together to train and send Courage grows stronger every day. It is a source volunteers into high-tension areas (Albania, of joy, as those that foster it spread it around 7 them like an incomparable moral force. Colombia, Israel/Palestine, etc.). Often when non-violence is being discussed the SEEKING MEANS ADAPTED TO THE END question is asked: "and what would you have Gandhi highlighted the dialectical relationship done with your non-violence in a concentration between the end and the means of action. In the camp?". To which one might reply: "I don't know, West, now just as before, the problem of the but I do know that with any segregation, means-end relationship is too often dealt with by intervention must happen at the beginning, a mechanical solution, that of an abstract including through civil disobedience. Shortly determination of the means based on a given end. after he came to power, Hitler demanded that Having established the intended end of an action, German Jews report to the police to have a yellow its achievement is left at the mercy of any means star stamped on their identity card. They duly did at all. The end justifies the means, or I'll get there so. Then the Jews were required to wear a yellow by any means necessary, are phrases we often star on their left breast, and they duly wore a hear, which imply the possible choice of violent yellow star on their left breast. Then, a yellow star means. was painted on their home, to make it easier to Gandhi showed that non-violence requires that locate them. Then they were required to board both the means and the end come into play trains. And you know the rest. It was at the dialectically. "The means may be likened to a beginning that the intellectuals, artists, and seed", he wrote, "the end to a tree; and there is religious authorities should have acted, to just the same inviolable connection between the prevent this segregation of the Jews, which was means and the end as there is between the seed only the prelude to their killing. This is where 8 and the tree". The means to achieving a moral civil disobedience should have come into play. It end is never neutral in terms of ethics; it is always is always at the beginning that there should be like an evolving form of the end. According to the intervention so as not to let things fester. logic of non-violent action, the end that is sought And why did Hitler's armies fail to round up the must be consistent with the means used in order Jews in Denmark, after occupying that country to be ethically admissible. for over two years? Because from the beginning of A decent community life can be built only the Danish invasion, courageous people, in their through democratic means, i.e. through means tens of thousands, immediately began to wear a that respect the physical integrity and honour of yellow star on their clothes, and to hide Jews in each person. The means are an evolving form of their country. And among these people were the end. Danish politicians and intellectuals that everyone knew. Their courage was contagious; with the Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 21 majority of the population claiming to be Danish suffered a brutal evil, but that is something that 9 can be learned, not in one go, but by letting non- Jews, the final solution was derailed in Denmark violence chisel away at oneself over time. In fact, ." This is why, as Paul Ricœur wrote: "while non- revenge never fixes anything. Its intention is violence is the vocation of the few, it should be never to repair but to cause another wrong, in the 10 seen as the duty of all". belief that the latter can wipe out the affront of A new development has emerged in several the former. An act of vengeance is pure European countries since the beginning of the 21st retaliation. Its only aim is to make the wrongdoer century, whereby more and more people between suffer, in line with the ancient law of retaliation: the ages of 20 and 40 are engaging in the civil "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth". disobedience so dear to Gandhi and Martin The singer Jean-François Bernardini told me Luther King, in order to assert fundamental about a great saying that he heard in his youth in human rights. Corsica: These "disobedient" people are generally drawn "Better to die than to kill". This saying not only into taking part in non-violent civil disobedience, advocates turning away from the law of and, when they come to trial, the judges retaliation but also enters into the secret of life, understand fairly quickly that these defendants which involves learning to give your own life are in fact acting in the service of law, and they rather than take another's. It combines courage 11 with the golden rule. It is sad and lamentable that are sometimes acquitted. Acting in the service of French people far from Corsica tend to say that the law means seeking to have a law considered "the Corsicans are violent"! These pedlars of lies unfair changed or repealed, while recognising would do well to spend time in Corsica and that living in society requires rule and laws. experience the culture of non-violence that is long-established there. THE GOLDEN RULE "Do to others what you would have them do to FINDING THE MEANS OF NON-VIOLENT 12 ACTION you", the Gospel recommends. This maxim, Non-violence is inventive. Since Gandhi and known as "the golden rule", has featured since Martin Luther King, countless men and women ancient times in many wisdom-texts (Confucius, have found ways to take non-violent action, both Epictetus, etc.), often in a negative form: "do not in their daily lives and in order to obtain more do to others what you do not want done to justice in their society, and that has taken place yourself". across all five continents, involving people of all Since no-one wants another person to use cultures and religions. Dialogue, seeking violence against them, the golden rule defines an compromise, boycotts, non-cooperation, hunger objective principle according to which every strikes, unarmed civilian peacekeeping, civil rational being must act, which Kant expresses disobedience … there is a long list of options for differently through his categorical imperative. 13 The principle of non-violence merely affirms this those wishing to train in nonviolent action. It choice with respect to others, without always requires training and preparation. No-one compromising on the respect that each person is non-violent by nature, but everyone can strive must show to others, including adversaries. to become a little more non-violent each day. The golden rule runs counter to the desire for 14 vengeance. Of course, it is not always easy to Non-violent action requires training. shake off the desire for revenge when one has just

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CONCLUSION holds great promise. I would like to think that, in Non-violence is ultimately a philosophy, an a few years' time, when we re-read the history of ethical requirement and a possibility that non-violence and its recent impact in Europe, humans can achieve. It is not an ideology, historians will discover that the foundation stone because its comprehensive nature means it is not of this great work was laid today in Bastia. set in stone. It is naturally of interest to anybody ______seeking meaning in order to lead their spiritual, 1 moral and political life as well as possible. The François Vaillant is a philosopher, author of several books, including La non-violence. Essai de morale end result is, at the rate our societies are going, fondamentale, [Non-violence. Essay on fundamental and as Martin Luther King said, that "the choice ethics] Paris, Le cerf, 1990 and editor-in-chief of the today is no longer between violence and non- research journal Alternatives Non-Violentes [Non- violence. It is either non-violence or non- violent alternatives] (www.alternatives-non- 15 violentes.org). existence". 2 This indeed is why non-violence is so full of As Jean-Marie Muller says: "when a lion kills a gazelle, it is simply preparing its dinner". promise, and why it is our responsibility to 3 See article on the use and misuse of the terms continue to explore it and put it into practice. A "violence" and "non-violence" by the philosopher falling tree makes more noise than a growing Bernard Quelquejeu in the journal Alternatives Non- forest. Non-violence can be likened to that forest. Violentes, No 167, p. 68-70. Following the conference in Bastia on 14 June 2013 4 On this subject, read number 152 of the journal on Non-violence, a new way forward for the 21st Alternatives Non-Violentes, "La non-violence en century, organised jointly by the EESC and Afrique", available at www.alternatives- Umani-Fundazione di Corsica, I can state that nonviolentes.org. this kind of international gathering constitutes a 5 great source of hope. Not only are the players that See, for example the site www.nonviolence21.org Non- Violence XXI (as in 21st century), which brings together have already embraced non-violence in various the main French non-violence organisations with a parts of the EU eager to deepen the potential of view to developing, in France and worldwide, a genuine non-violent action, but they have high culture of non-violence. See also the site expectations regarding the recognition and aid www.education-nvp.org of the organisation that the EU can deliver here. NGOs working Coordination of education promoting non-violence and peace. Both sites include links to numerous towards the non-violent regulation of conflicts in websites of NGOs active within and outside the EU. such diverse environments (urban areas, schools, 6 conflict zones, etc.) struggle to pool their efforts Quoted by S.B. Oates, in Martin Luther King, Paris, without help from institutions. They are Centurion, 1985, p. 254 convinced that they hold the keys to helping 7 See www.interventioncivile.org The French Comité build a fairer, more humane and more solidarity- pour une intervention civile de paix [The Committee based world. This conference is a source of great for unarmed civilian peacekeeping (UCP)], the Comité hope. ICP, is a group of associations engaged in I can say that most of the NGOs already engaged international solidarity and in the field of non- in non-violence in Europe are ready to embrace violence. The Comité ICP forms part of a European network aimed at promoting civil peace service in all new initiatives coming from European its forms (such as unarmed civilian peacekeeping). Its institutions such as the EESC, in order to get to action is aimed at promoting UCP with a view to its know each other better and pool their work, with official recognition and its use as a standard tool for regard to both their failures and their successes. conflict regulation in areas with high racial and Non-violence is not a panacea; it is a path that political tensions. To that end, the Comité ICP seeks to raise awareness among the public and policymakers. It Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 23 should be noted, however, that UCP has been much it and seeking societal solutions towards a more more developed by North American NGOs than by humane and environmentally-friendly world. European NGOs, which are desperately short of funds. 12 8 Gandhi, Tous les hommes sont frères [All men are Bible (New International Version), Matthew 7:12. brothers], Paris, Gallimard, 1969, p. 149. See Jacques 13 Semelin, Sans armes face à Hitler, Paris, PUF, 1989. On the subject of non-violence in education, see the 10 book by Élisabeth Maheu, Sanctionner sans punir, Paul Ricœur, in the article "L’homme non-violent et sa Lyon, Chronique sociale, 2010. To learn more about the présence à l’histoire", in the journal Esprit, February ethical, social and political potential of non-violence, 1949, p. 224. see the quarterly journal Alternatives Non-Violentes 11 www.alternatives-non-violentes.org. To discover non- This phenomenon is seen particularly in anti- violent movements, see Non-Violence XXI advertising circles. In France, the "disobedient" www.nonviolence21.org. members of the Collectif des déboulonneurs 14 [Debunkers' collective] are critical of the invasive See Gandhi l’insurgé by Jean-Marie Muller. L’épopée de advertising that extols a society of excessive la marche du sel, Paris, Albin Michel, 1997; consumption, which generally portrays a degrading Dictionnaire de la non-violence, Gordes, Le Relié- image of women, and which fosters frustration in poche, 2005. terms of the insatiable appetite for designer clothing (that frustration is one of the sources of racketeering by young people, especially in the suburbs). These anti- advertising activists typically do not engage in violent behaviour, and are always courteous before the police and the courts. Although under French criminal law, they can be fined up to EUR 15 000, they are either fined a symbolic one euro or are sometimes acquitted. See www.deboulonneurs.org. Since 2006, French anti- advertising activists are in ever closer contact with other European partners. There is also the so-called décroissant [growth-objector] movement, which is Source: rapidly developing in the EU, and is particularly https://www.eesc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/resources/d focused on denouncing structural violence, preventing ocs/vaillant_non-violence_force_21st_century.pdf

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HINTS TO HAPPINESS

By Dr. (Major) Nalini Janardhanan A happy life is a healthy life. Similarly, a healthy To improve the well-being of their people by life is a happy life. Definitely there is a being happy. Bhutan was the first country to relationship between health and happiness. focus on GNH (Gross National Happiness) over Depression in both young and old people is GDP (Gross Domestic Product) for measuring the becoming a major health problem in our country. prosperity of a nation. So 'Healthy and Happy India' is our goal to achieve in the coming years. HAPPINESS AND HEALTH Happiness is a sense of optimism or well-being in Scientific studies have shown that there is a life. Happiness can be of two types —happiness connection between physical and psychological due to material possessions and happiness due to well¬being. If we feel good, life becomes happy inner peace. Money can't buy happiness. Material and meaningful. Happiness has a positive possessions can give you only temporary influence on our immune system which prevents happiness. Studies have shown that it is not diseases. Adequate sleep, balanced diet and success that makes us happy, but being happy exercise help us to stay happy and healthy. Lack makes us successful. Similarly, we tend to of sleep lack of exercise, too much of stress and correlate happiness to things we don't possess or diet rich in fats, salt and sugar have negative goals to be achieved. We believe that we will be effect on immunity. As per research studies, happy when we have those things or optimism, positive attitude, happiness and achievements. But the truth is that real happiness satisfaction in life are found to lower the risk of is due to inner peace. Eleanor Roosevelt once diseases like heart attack, heart diseases and said, "Happiness is not a goal. It is a by-product hypertension. of a life well-I ived ." At the instance of the United Nations, since 2012, WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF BEING people all over the world observe March 20 as the HAPPY? 'International Day of Happiness' or 'Happiness Happy people: Day'. By observing this day, the UN called upon • have successful marriages. countries. • have better relationships; Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 25

• have less depression and anxiety; of our own happiness. One of the famous • have stronger immune system; psychiatrists, George E. Valliant says: "Love is • have better physical health; III live longer; really all that matters for humans to be happy. • cope effectively with bad times; Happiness is love". So if you really want to be • are more successful; healthy and happy, first love yourself and work on • are mentally stronger and calmer than your dreams. Learn to accept the change in habits others and are kinder. They help others you need to make, which are mentioned below: and volunteer for charity and community service groups; 1. Count your blessings • are more satisfied with their jobs; This is a strong and simple practice to enhance • are better leaders; your happiness levels. We can start a 'gratitude • are more popular and loved; journal'. • are less likely to report with history of drug • Every night before sleep, sit down for a abuse or suicidal tendency; while and look back at your day; • have more friends and bigger social circle; • Think of minimum three simple things • show higher performance and earn more; that went well for you during the day; • are more satisfied with family and friends. • Sit down with a pen and paper. Write down those three good things which made you happy. Doing this we start seeing small, good things in life instead of analysing bad things. Try to interpret your experiences in a positive way. Keep the positive events to your memory. Cherish the positive mental pictures of your pleasurable experiences to review later during bad times. Either do it daily or once in a week.

“To be happy and stay happy we must have a positive outlook towards life and create a series of happy events.”

2. Develop the habit of gratitude HOW TO BE HAPPY We should thank God for this great blessing To be happy and stay happy we must have a called life. You can be thankful for as simple positive outlook towards life and create a series of things as a bright new morning. You have a gift of happy events. According to Albert Schweitzer, a promising day which many people may not "Happiness is the only thing that multiplies when have. Remember good things which happened to you share it." So share your happiness with others you in the past. You learn to believe that you are and also share the happiness of others. We always lucky to live in a world of good people. When you want our loved ones to be happy even at the cost are thankful, you notice the gifts of life and you Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 26 become happy for their presence in your life. related to stress. It also improves memory and Gratefulness reduce emotions of negativity like reduces stress and depression. Spending time anger or jealousy. outside elevates your mood making you happy. 3. Practice acts of kindness 6. Take care of your body Regular exercise, We should be kind to others like friends or even adequate sleep and balanced diet are strangers. Kindness gives you a greater sense of connection with others. It also wins you approval, smiles and also reciprocated kindness which enhances your happiness. required for a healthy life. Smile and laugh to elevate your mood. Avoid negative emotions like “We should be anger or jealousy.

kind to others like “A walk in the outdoors friends or even inhaling the morning fresh strangers. Kindness air is relaxing to the gives you a greater mind and body.” sense of connection

with others. It also 7. Take an afternoon nap wins you approval, Afternoon nap makes you released and fresh. It is shown by research studies that people who take smiles and also an afternoon nap are desensitised to negative reciprocated kindness emotions. which enhances your 8. Learn to forgive Forgiving everything and everyone helps to move happiness.” on in life. Inability to forgive is associated with persistent ruminations on the acts of others and 4. Get up early also feelings of anger and revenge which will Waking up early is a good habit for a healthy and increase your stress. Studies show that the act of happy life. Advantages are: forgiveness can reduce the risk of heart attacks • Being fresh makes your and improve B.P. It helps to reduce pain, anxiety, brain function properly; depression and stress. It also helps to sleep better. • it increases productivity; hank a mentor • it increases immunity; If you have somebody who helped you or guided • it gives you more time for morning you at the crossroads of life, don't wait to express tasks and your gratitude to him or her in person. exercises; 10. Spend more time with family and • you will not be late for friends school, college or work. Strong personal relationships are the most 5. Take a morning walk important factor for a happy and satisfied life. We A walk in the outdoors inhaling the morning are happy when we have family and friends. fresh air is relaxing to the mind and body. Enjoy Money or achievements in your career are less soft music and try to notice greenery and important. wonders of nature. It helps to improve blood 11. Be flexible pressure and decrease the hormone (cortisol)

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Try to manage yourself in unpredictable or b. helps to reduce stress, anxiety and unexpected situations. Be flexible and adjust to depression; the challenges of life. c. helps to prolong your life; 12. Cope with stress d. helps to fight diseases and improves Try to develop strategies for coping with hard immunity; times. Do meditation and relaxation exercises. e. improves you mood (due to the release of Meditation makes your mind relaxed and calm. It some hormones in the brain during exercise); also increases compassion and self awareness. f. improves the quality of sleep; Religious faith helps to overcome painful periods g. when you exercise in a group or with in life. Hard times, bad situations or unhappy friends or family members it increases your social events are part of our life. We can't avoid them. interaction and enhances happiness. Believe that 'this too shall pass and nothing lasts Generally we tend to focus on negative things forever'. around us which make us sad and unhappy. But 13. Listen to music looking at the bright side of life makes us happy Singing and listening to happy music improves and healthy. We fail to notice the blessings and happiness. Music therapy is found to have wonders of today, as we are busy planning our positive effects on mental health disorders like future life. But the fact is that tomorrow is too late depression, substance abuse and anxiety. Music for happiness. Your life is what is happening right therapy also helps in healing some diseases of the now. We don't know about tomorrow. So live a body. satisfied, meaningful and happy life now even if 14. Exercise you are not sure about tomorrow. Physically active people are happy. They have So 'BE HAPPY' now and live life King-size or better satisfaction in life and higher self esteem. Queen-size with a clear vision of overcoming Regular exercise is good for health. There are obstacles and achieving your dreams. many health benefits for both mind and body. Exercise: a. helps to reduce negative thinking; Source: Bhavan’s Journal, 31 October, 2018

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FE DEL MUNDO Tayabas. Three of her eight siblings died in infancy,[3] while an older sister died from appendicitis at age 11. The death of her older sister, who had made known her desire to become a doctor for the poor, spurred young del Mundo toward the medical profession. Del Mundo enrolled at the University of the Philippines Manila (UPM) in 1926, and earned her medical degree in 1933, graduating as class valedictorian. She passed the medical board exam that same year, placing third among the examinees. Her exposure while in medical school to various health conditions afflicting children in

This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first the provinces, particularly in Marinduque, led or paternal family name is del Mundo and the her to choose pediatrics as her specialization. second or maternal family name is Villanueva. Born Fé Primitiva del Mundo y Villanueva at 27 ADMISSION TO HARVARD MEDICAL November 1911 in Manila, Philippine Islands SCHOOL AND POST-GRADUATE STUDIES Died aged 99. After her graduation from UPM, President Fe Villanueva del Mundo, OLD ONS OGH, (born Manuel Quezon offered del Mundo a full Fé Primitiva del Mundo y Villanueva; 27 scholarship to any school in the United States for November 1911 – 6 August 2011) was a Filipina further training in a medical field of her pediatrician. The first woman admitted to choice.[5] She chose to attend Harvard, arriving Harvard Medical School, she founded the first in 1936. She was unwittingly enrolled in Harvard pediatric hospital in the Philippines. Her Medical School, an institution that did not yet pioneering work in pediatrics in the Philippines then admit female students. As recounted in her while in active medical practice, spanned eight official Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation decades. She gained international recognition, biography: including the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public [Del Mundo] humorously relates that when she Service in 1977. In 1980, she was conferred the arrived in Boston and went to the dormitory rank and title of National Scientist of the assigned her in a letter from the Harvard Philippines, and in 2010, she was conferred the University housing, much to her surprise she Order of Lakandula. found herself in a men's dorm. Unknowingly the Harvard officials had admitted a female to their EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION all-male student body. But because her record Del Mundo was born at 120 Cabildo Street in the was so strong the head of the pediatrics district of Intramuros, Manila, on November 27, department saw no reason not to accept her. 1911. She was one of eight children of Bernardo del Thus, upsetting Harvard tradition, she became Mundo and Paz (née Villanueva; d. 1925). Her the first Philippine woman and the only female at family home was opposite the Manila Cathedral. the time to be enrolled at Harvard Medical Bernardo was a prominent lawyer from School. Marinduque who served one term in the Philippine Assembly representing the province of

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Some sources cite del Mundo as the first woman ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CHILDREN'S ever enrolled in Harvard Medical School, or the MEDICAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES IN first woman to be enrolled in Pediatrics at the 1957 school, or even the first Asian admitted to Frustrated by the bureaucratic constraints in Harvard Medical School. On this point, del working for a government hospital, del Mundo Mundo herself would acknowledge only that she desired to establish her own pediatric hospital. was "the first [woman] coming from [as] far [as Towards that end, she sold her home and most of the Philippines]". However, Harvard Medical her personal effects, and obtained a sizable loan School only began to accept female students in from the GSIS (the Government Service 1945, nine years after del Mundo enrolled. Insurance System) in order to finance the Del Mundo remained at HMS until 1938, construction of her own hospital. The Children's completing three pediatric courses. She next took Medical Center, a 100-bed hospital located in up a residency at the Billings Hospital of the Quezon City, was inaugurated in 1957 as the first University of Chicago before returning to pediatric hospital in the Philippines. The hospital Massachusetts in 1939 for a two-year research was expanded in 1966 through the establishment fellowship at the Harvard Medical School of an Institute of Maternal and Child Health, the Children's Hospital. She also enrolled at the first institution of its kind in Asia. Boston University School of Medicine, earning a In 1958, del Mundo conveyed her personal Master's degree in bacteriology in 1940. ownership of the hospital to a board of trustees. In July 2007, the Medical Center Foundation MEDICAL PRACTICE reported to the Department of Labor and Del Mundo returned to the Philippines in 1941, Employment that it would cease operations, after shortly before the Japanese invasion of the having incurred losses of more 100 million pesos. country. She joined the International Red Cross Reports soon emerged that a joint venture and volunteered to care for child-internees then composed of the management and consulting detained at the University of Santo Tomas firm Accent Healthcare and the STI Colleges had internment camp for foreign nationals. She set up offered to lease, manage, and operate the a makeshift hospice within the internment camp, institution, thus precluding a shut-down of the and her activities led her to be known as "The hospital. Concerns over the employment status of Angel of Santo Tomas". After the Japanese the rank-and-file hospital employees following authorities shut down the hospice in 1943, del the takeover led to a strike that forced the Mundo was asked by Manila mayor León Guinto temporary closure of the hospital in August 2007. to head a children's hospital under the auspices In September 2007, the hospital announced its re- of the city government. The hospital was later opening under the new management of the joint converted into a full-care medical center to cope venture management firm Accent/STI with the mounting casualties during the Battle of Management, Inc. According to a statement Manila, and would be renamed the North General released by the hospital, under the 20-year Hospital (later, the Jose R. Reyes Memorial management lease agreement contracted with Medical Center). Del Mundo would remain the Accent/STI Management, Inc., the latter agreed hospital's director until 1948. to absorb the outstanding debts of the hospital. Del Mundo joined the faculty of the University of Santo Tomas, then the Far Eastern University in LATER LIFE AND DEATH 1954. She likewise established a small medical Del Mundo was still active in her practice of pediatric clinic to pursue a private practice. pediatrics into her 90s. She died on August 6,

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2011, after suffering cardiac arrest. She was buried presence within rural communities. at the Libingan ng mga Bayani. Notwithstanding her own devout Catholicism, she was an advocate of family planning and RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS population control. Del Mundo was also known for having devised an incubator made out of bamboo, designed for use in rural communities without electrical power.

AWARDS AND RECOGNITION In 1980, del Mundo was declared as a National Scientist of the Del Mundo was noted for her pioneering work on Philippines, infectious diseases in Philippine communities. the first Undeterred by the lack of well-equipped Filipino laboratories in post-war Philippines, she woman to be unhesitatingly sent specimens or blood samples so named. for analysis abroad. In the 1950s, she pursued Among the studies on dengue fever, a common malady in the international Philippines, of which little was known at the honors bestowed on del Mundo was the Elizabeth time. Her clinical observations on dengue, and Blackwell Award for Outstanding Service to the findings of research she later undertook on Mankind, handed in 1966 by Hobart and William the disease are said to "have led to a fuller Smith Colleges, and the citation as Outstanding understanding of dengue fever as it afflicts the Pediatrician and Humanitarian by the young". She authored over a hundred articles, International Pediatric Association in 1977. Also reviews, and reports in medical journals on such in 1977, del Mundo was awarded the Ramon diseases as dengue, polio and measles. She also Magsaysay Award for Public Service. authored Textbook of Pediatrics, a fundamental in 2008, she received the Blessed Teresa of medical text used in Philippine medical schools. Calcutta Award of the AY Foundation. Del Mundo was active in the field of public On April 22, 2010, del Mundo was awarded with health, with special concerns towards rural the Order of Lakandula with the rank of Bayani at communities. She organized rural extension the Malacañan Palace teams to advise mothers on breastfeeding and Posthumously, she was conferred the Grand child care and promoted the idea of linking Collar of the Order of the Golden Heart Award in hospitals to the community through the public 2011. immersion of physicians and other medical On November 27, 2018, a Google Doodle was personnel to allow for greater coordination displayed to celebrate del Mundo's 107th among health workers and the public for birthday. common health programs such as immunization and nutrition. She called for the greater integration of midwives into the medical Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/ community, considering their more visible

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LEWISHAM, LONDON 1977: NOTES ON FIGHTING FASCISM

Balwinder Singh Rana, a 71-year-old anti- on a set of sculpted concrete seats, her wheeled fascist, recalls the day he and thousands of grocery bag plastered with a Jamaican flag. others took on the National Front. But on the day memorialised, the area became a by James Rippingale rallying point for the far-right National Front, as 25 Nov 2018 people attempted to march through New Cross London, England - "It was the only time in my life and Lewisham, ostensibly to protest against a I thought I'd probably die. I couldn't breathe," spate of muggings police had attributed to says 71-year-old Balwinder Singh Rana. members of the local black population. In He recalls the mass of bodies pressed together as response, thousands of anti-fascist protesters police separated anti-fascist protesters from 500 rallied in nearby Ladywell Fields. National Front marchers gathered at the bottom Rana, a broad, heavyset man with pitch-dark of Clifton Rise in the South-East London borough eyes, immigrated to England from India with his of Lewisham. family when he was 16. He's been an anti-fascist On the concrete wall above him, a small maroon his entire adult life, founding Britain's first Indian plaque reads: youth organisation, The Indian Youth Remembering Federation, in 1969 before joining the Anti-Nazi The Battle of Lewisham League in 1977. Thousands united here Strolling these streets, he begins to recount the against racism and fascism events of that day. 13 August 1977 It's an October afternoon: bright sun and bare THE BATTLE OF LEWISHAM trees. Across the street, skaters practice kickflips. It was 11:30am when he and six friends arrived at Midday traffic hisses by. An elderly woman rests Ladywell Fields, joining the thousands of anti- fascist protesters already gathered there.

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Two separate umbrella groups planned to oppose members of the National Front cowering in the National Front march. The All Lewisham doorways. Campaign Against Racism and Fascism (ALCARAF), whose appeal to the British High Court to ban the march had been rejected, favoured a peaceful demonstration. The Anti Racist/Anti-Fascist Co-ordinating Committee (ARAFCC) and Socialist Workers Party (SWP) sought to blockade the fascists who'd amassed, under heavy police escort, on nearby Achilles

Street. New Cross Road, the site of clashes between anti- fascist protesters and supporters of the far-right National Front in 1977 [James Rippingale/Al Jazeera] In central Lewisham, another group of protesters had amassed, blocking the National Front's finish line. Unable to proceed they held a brief rally in a car park on Cressingham Road and were escorted swiftly back to Lewisham station. "We thought we'd won … it was fantastic," says Rana. "People were so happy. We'd beaten the A memorial plaque in Clifton Rise remembers the National Front!" events of August 13, 1977 [James Rippingale/Al Jazeera]

"One of my comrades from the SWP approached NEW POLICE TACTICS - AND A BLOW TO me and gave me a couple of flares which I wrapped THE NATIONAL FRONT up in a newspaper and hid in my belt," recalls Rana. But around half an hour later, police equipped "He asked me to take a dozen people quietly and with riot shields and batons descended upon the make our way here," he adds, gesturing towards protesters. Clifton Rise, now awash with pigeons. "People who were sitting in their own homes were "Then we noticed hundreds of other people were suddenly involved - young or old. People who'd trying to do the same." been watching TV. They came out ... I even saw As protesters moved along Achilles Street, police some black old ladies from upstairs windows horses and riot officers blocked roads. Clashes throwing cauliflowers at the police." began almost immediately. Orange smoke bombs "Now it had become a real community fight." snaked through the crowds. Police forced The photographs taken that day show bedlam protesters back onto New Cross Road, clearing a and rage. A black teenager in a police chokehold. path for the National Front's march and forming Helmets, batons and smoke. Vans with windows three protective lines either side. smashed in and protesters scrambling atop street "We let the police pass, we let the [National Front] signs. honour guard pass and when they got to about According to researchers at nearby Goldsmiths here," he says, motioning to a space on Pagnell University, 2,500 police were dispatched with 214 Street, "we started chucking everything we could. arrests and at least 111 people were injured, Rocks, bottles, flares ..." including 56 police officers. Seven police coaches Several of the adjacent houses were derelict. were damaged. It was also the first documented Antifascists concealed on the upper floors and use of police riot shields in the UK outside of behind garden walls threw bricks at the Northern Ireland. marchers. Rana chuckles to himself as he recalls Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 33

"Although police attacked us and we were fighting "For them, it was just a bit of a joke. If you argued back, even then everyone felt so happy. We were against them they'd stop. One or two I actually exhilarated that we'd beaten the fascists," says became friends with ... You didn't feel there was Rana, ambling up a tree-lined street off New something behind it - that they were part of an Cross Road. organisation or anything." The day dealt a heavy blow to the National Front. The year before, it had secured 44.5 percent of the THE INDIAN YOUTH FEDERATION vote, alongside a breakaway faction called the In 1969, Rana set up the Indian Youth Federation National Party, during a local by-election in while studying for his A-Levels at Gravesend Deptford - a result that wasn't sufficient to beat College. His motivation was Enoch Powell's 1968 the Labour Party but which did push the Rivers of Blood speech, which ferociously Conservatives into fourth place. declaimed the "preventable evils" of immigration, Now, they'd been forcibly ejected from an area in spawning a wave of racist attacks across England. which they believed they had support. Later, "We came out of a pub and three or four [men] Conservative Party leader Margaret Thatcher came and abused us verbally. My brother's two would capitalise on paranoia over immigration to friends were from India. They were fairly big men draw many of its members towards her party. and college educated. But they didn't want to fight back. I wanted to fight back. A PATH TOWARDS ACTIVISM "From that moment on I thought 'I'm not going to Sitting at a small cafe, Rana explains his own path accept this'." toward activism. "Up to the age of 14 I had never seen a white person. I had never suffered from any discrimination. So when I came to this country at the age of 16 it was quite a big shock." Rana's family relocated from Punjab to Gravesend, a small town 21 miles downriver. On his brother's advice, he began looking for factory work. Three months before the National Front marched "I didn't speak much English and the boss of the through Lewisham, it had staged a march in the factory was next to a barrier ... I went up to this predominantly black area of Wood Green. That had man and I said to him 'job, please,' because that's been a departure from the Asian areas it typically all I could speak. And he said to me "your people targeted and had helped to unite black and Asian are not allowed to cross this barrier'." Londoners in opposition to the far right [James Rippingale/Al Jazeera] His brother told him not to worry. This was Soon, the Indian Youth Federation grew in normal. numbers and confidence. "I noticed that a lot of the older people were "There was this pub we knew that didn't serve accepting it because they'd sold everything they Indians. We met somewhere and we marched had in India to come over here and many of them down to this pub. There were 50 of us. I went to the had families over there and they were quite bar and I said '50 pints of lager please'," he says vulnerable." laughing. "Before, they'd say 'go away' or if people Over the next five years, as Rana worked different would go in they wouldn't serve them ... Now, they factory jobs, the casual racism remained a were rushing around like crazy. constant.

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"When the National Front started marching, that them from the casuals swept in by rhetoric is key. was different. That was something much deeper. As is paying attention to urban landscapes: small There was a philosophy behind it." stickers or slogans plastered on walls and lampposts which ordinarily go unnoticed. 'DEFEATING FASCISM TOGETHER' "Use social media as much as you can, but Formed in 1967 by A K Chesterton, the National opposing them on the streets is important. Front gained momentum in 1972 after a large- Otherwise, they gain the streets ... You always scale merger between British nationalist groups. have to take small steps from the beginning and Three months prior to Lewisham, they marched start to take action in your local area: start through the predominantly black Wood Green, a protesting and start organising." departure from the Asian areas initially targeted. Today, Lewisham bears little resemblance to the This helped galvanise the black community scenes of August 13, 1977. against them. But on October 13, 2018, Rana was in Central "That gave us Asians real encouragement. Now, London with the Anti-Nazi League, protesting we're together. Now, we can defeat fascism." against a 1,500-strong march by the Democratic After the Battle of Lewisham, Rana worked full Football Lads Alliance (DFLA) against "returning time for the Anti-Nazi League. jihadists" and "thousands of Awol migrants," Although the day is seen as a victory, he says little according to their Facebook page. has changed. To his knowledge, 216 marches by "That's the first time I'd seen 1,500 fascists," he far-right groups like the English Defence League, says, shocked. Britain First, National Action and Generational "It's important that people in communities know Identity took place in 2018." what's happening and realise it's not something Anti-fascist Rana remembers the day in 1977 when that happened in the past. It's happening right Lewisham took on the far right [James Rippingale/Al now." Jazeera] According to his experience, identifying the hardcore members of such groups and separating Source: https://www.aljazeera.com

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SUDAN: SECURITY FORCES KILLING, DETAINING PROTESTERS PROMPTLY INVESTIGATE ABUSES; HOLD THOSE RESPONSIBLE TO ACCOUNT

Sudanese protesters cover their faces during an anti- Atbara and have spread to other cities and towns, government demonstration in the capital Khartoum including Gedarif, Wad Madani, Port Sudan, on January 6, 2018. © 2018 Getty ImagesEXPAND Dongola, El Obeid, El Fasher, Khartoum, and (Nairobi) – Sudanese security forces have been Omdurman. Al-Bashir is wanted by the using live ammunition and other forms of International Criminal Court for genocide, excessive force against protesters and arbitrarily crimes against humanity, and war crimes in detaining them. Darfur. Sudan authorities deployed national Sudanese activists and medical workers estimate security forces, the police, and the paramilitary that at least 40 people have been killed, including Rapid Support Forces to quell the protests. In children, since protests began on December 19, many places, they used excessive force to disperse 2018. The Sudanese authorities should investigate unarmed protesters, beating them with batons all reported killings, injuries and other abuses, and firing live ammunition, rubber bullets, and and hold those responsible to account. teargas. Images and video clips recorded by “Sudanese have the right to protest peacefully activists and circulated on social media and on and express their views without risking life or news outlets show government forces driving in limb or getting locked up,” saidJehanne Henry, armed vehicles, shooting live ammunition at associate Africa director at Human Rights Watch. unarmed protesters and bystanders, beating “The government should release detainees, or unarmed civilians, and evidence of gruesome, charge them with what they are alleged to have often bloody injuries. One of the clips shows a done, respect due process, and carry out a full man with a gunshot wound to the head being impartial investigation into all reported abuses.” rushed to hospital on December 25, reportedly Protesters have taken to the streets in towns and shot by snipers from rooftops. cities across Sudan to protest price increases and Security forces have rounded up and arrested to call on President Omar al-Bashir, in power for hundreds of protesters – including journalists, 29 years, to step down. The protests began in doctors, university professors, and opposition Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 36 party members – from the streets, offices, homes, Cairo-based al-Araby television crew from the and while they were attending meetings. While country for their reporting. many were released after several hours, scores All detainees are at risk of abuse and torture, remain in detention without charge and without Human Rights Watch said. Sudan’s national access to visits from family, lawyers or doctors, security agency, the National Intelligence and including people with severe injuries, according Security Service (NISS) is well-known for abuses relatives of those detained. against detainees – particularly during repeated On January 5, 2019, a group of 12 security force waves of protests since 2011, including prolonged members arrested Yasser Ali, 57, at his home detention without charge and verbal and physical where he was recuperating after he was shot in abuse. the chest by a sniper on December 25. Ali spent A large group of Darfur students accused by nine days in a hospital. The security forces are national security head, Salah Gosh, of belonging detaining him in an unknown location, his family to a “sabotage cell” are especially at risk. Since said. Family members said he requires further December 20, security forces have rounded up surgery outside the country but authorities have more than 50 Darfuri students in house raids in not allowed him to travel or have access to lawyer Sennar and Khartoum and are detaining them in or family visits. unknown locations. The students have not been Mohamed Naji al-Asim, 28, who has spoken to charged with any crimes, lawyers following the media on behalf of the Sudanese Professionals case told Human Rights Watch. Association, a group that called for protests, was The authorities should reveal the students’ arrested on January 4 in Khartoum and remains whereabouts and release them immediately or in detention, according to activists and family charge them with credible offenses and guarantee members. Dr. Husham Omer el-Nour, a professor them their full due process rights, Human Rights at Nilein University, was arrested on January 1 Watch said. Government officials acknowledge while asking the authorities to release his that 19 people were killed and over 800 arrested brother, Haytham al-Nour, an engineer. Both since protests began but blame the protesters and men remain in detention. Opposition party “saboteurs” for the violence. On December 31, Al- leaders, including Omer el-Digeir, head of the Bashir announced an investigation into the Sudan Congress Party and Communist Party events. Any investigation should be independent, members Masoud Mohamed el-Hassan and 88- impartial, public, and yield recommendations for year-old Siddig Yousif, have remained in real accountability, Human Rights Watch said. detention since December 27 and 28, In 2013, during Sudan’s violent crackdown on respectively. protests, more than 170 protesters were killed, Medical professionals have also been targeted for most by bullet wounds, but the investigation did harassment and arrest, and doctors are among not result in any credible prosecutions. the detainees. Dozens of journalists, including “The familiar tactic of violence and abuses to Faisal Mohamed Salah, a prominent journalist silence dissent will not solve any of Sudan’s and commentator, were detained and warned to problems,” Henry said. “Sudan’s leaders should stop reporting. In early January, a female unambiguously call a halt to the violence, release journalist reported that security officers assaulted detainees, ensure justice for the victims, and her while trying to stop her from reporting at a engage peacefully with the protesters’ concerns." protest site for international media outlets. Authorities have also censored newspapers, Source: confiscating print runs and blocked access to the https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/01/07/sudan- internet, and in late December they expelled the security-forces-killing-detaining-protesters

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When Marshall Rosenberg died in 2015, the world writing in order to get the point across just the lost an innovative thinker and true leader in the way he liked to. field of interpersonal communications. Inspired In an attempt to resolve why human beings by the work of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin constantly find themselves in violent dispute, Luther King, Marshall Rosenberg developed an Marshall identified two lenses through which we incredibly simple and effective method of see and interact with the world – Jackal and communication – which boiled down the chaotic Giraffe. “I discovered that the language many of flow of communication into isolated beats that us were taught interferes with our desire to live in should be hit when trying to authentically and harmony with one another. At an early age, most effectively convey oneself to another. of us were taught to speak and think Jackal. This The system that Marshall Rosenberg developed – is a moralistic classification idiom that labels ‘nonviolent communication’ – has become an people; it has a splendid vocabulary for analyzing integral part of conflict resolution both on a and criticizing. Jackal is good for telling people macro and micro level, and is an indispensable what's wrong with them: "Obviously, you're tool for facilitating clear communication in any emotionally disturbed (or rude, lazy, selfish form of relationship. Marshall was famous for the etc.)”… This language is from the head. It is a way wry and sometimes painfully direct delivery of his of mentally classifying people into varying shades material, often using puppets to characterize the of good and bad, right and wrong. Ultimately, it communication habits we can become stuck in. provokes defensiveness, resistance, and This article will draw on some of Marshall’s own counterattack.” Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 38

“I also came upon a language of the heart, a form STATING A REQUEST CLEARLY of interacting that promotes the well-being of Stating a request in simple Giraffe is a four-part ourselves and other people. I call this means of process rooted in honesty: communicating Giraffe. The Giraffe has the Describe your observation largest heart of any land animal, is tall enough to Identify your feeling look into the future, and lives its life with gentility Explain the reason for your feeling in terms of your and strength… Giraffe is a language of requests; needs Jackal is a language of demands.” State your request Marshall suggests that through our education In describing the situation, do so without and through the structure of society, we are all criticizing or judging. If you have come home raised up to become fluent Jackal speakers. The from a busy day and your partner seems trouble is that we need to learn how to speak preoccupied with the newspaper, simply describe Giraffe in order to effectively communicate in a the situation: "When I walked in the door after an nonviolent way. especially trying day, you seemed busy reading." “As Giraffes, we make requests in terms of what Identify your feelings: "I feel hurt." State the we want people to do, not what we want them to reason for your feelings: "I feel hurt because I feel. All the while, we steer clear of mandates. would like to feel close to you right now and Nothing creates more resistance than telling instead I'm feeling disconnected from you." Then people they "should" or "have to" or "must" or state your request in do-able terms: "Are you "ought to" do something. These terms eliminate willing to take time out for a hug and a few choice. Without the freedom to choose, life moments of sharing?" becomes slave-like… Prompted by directives and The same process applies if your teenager has injunctions, people do not take responsibility for been talking on the phone for hours and you are their actions.” expecting a call. Describe the situation: "When Underlying all communication there is a want or you've got the phone tied up for so long, other need. According to Marshall we must find a way calls can't come through." Express your feeling to identify that need, and locate it correctly, and and the reason for it: "I'm feeling frustrated express it clearly. “Giraffes state clearly what they because I've been expecting to hear from want in the present. And they take responsibility someone." Then state your request: "I'd like you for their feelings, aware that their feelings are to bring your conversation to a close if that's all caused by their wants. If a mother is upset right." because her son's toys are strewn about the living In Jackal culture, feelings and wants are severely room, she will identify her feeling: anger. She will punished. People are expected to be docile, then get in touch with the underlying want that subservient to authority; slave-like in their is causing this feeling: her desire for a neat and reactions, and alienated from their feelings and orderly living room. She will own the anger, needs. In a Giraffe culture, we learn to express our saying, "I feel angry because I want the living feelings, needs, and requests without passing room to be clean and instead it's a mess." Finally, judgment or attacking. We request, rather than she will ask for a different outcome: "I'd feel so demand. And we are aware of the fine line of much better if you'd just put these toys away." distinction between these two types of When we think like a Jackal we blame others for statements. the anger or other difficult feeling that we are In Jackal, we expect other people to prove their experiencing. When we see the problem as love for us by doing what we want. As Giraffes, we somebody else’s fault then we are more inclined may persist in trying to persuade others, but we to try to hurt or punish the person. Thinking like are not influenced by guilt. We acknowledge that a Giraffe makes us aware of that tendency, and we have no control over the other person's Giraffes try to find a resolution in which each response. And we stay in Giraffe no matter what person feels heard and respected, and nobody the other person says. If she or he seems upset or feels forced into action through shame or tense, we switch into listening, which allows us to punishment. Luckily, Marshall outlined a very hear the person's feelings, needs and wishes simple process in order to do this, along with without hearing any criticism or ourselves. some very clear examples. Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 39

If we have been Jackalish and demanding in the inner world. As we do that, we move from the past, the people close to us may need a lot of coercive language we have been taught to the empathy at first. So we listen and listen, reflecting language of the heart. back with guesses about what they are feeling and Speaking from the heart is a gesture of love, wanting, until they feel heard and shift out of giving other people an opportunity to contribute being defensive. We don't take anything to our well-being and to exercise generosity. personally, for Empathetically we know that receiving what upset, is going on in attacking, others is a defensive reciprocal statements are gesture. tragic Giraffes expressions of experience love unmet needs. as openness At some point, and sensitivity, the person's with no voice and demands, body language criticism, or will indicate requirements that a shift has to fulfil occurred. requests at At a meeting I either end of attended at a the dispute. mosque in a And the refugee camp outcome of any near dialogue ruled Jerusalem, a by love is man suddenly harmony. stood up and In the end, cried, Jackals are "Murderer!" simply As a Giraffe, all illiterate I heard was Giraffes. Once "Please!"-that you've learned is, I heard the to hear the pain, the need heart behind that wasn't any message, being met. That is where I focused my attention. you discover that there's nothing to fear in After about 40 minutes of speaking, he did what anything another person says. With that most of us do when we sense we have been discovery, you are well on your way to accurately heard and listened to: he changed. The compassionate communication. This form of situation was immediately defused of all tension. dialogue, although offering no guarantees of In international disputes, as well as in agreement between disputing parties, sets the relationship, business, classroom, and parent- stage for negotiation, compromise, and most child conflicts, we can learn to hear the human importantly, mutual understanding and respect. being behind the message, regardless of how the message is framed. We can learn to hear the other person's unmet needs and requests. Ultimately, Source: listening empathetically does not imply doing https://networkmagazine.ie/articles/learning- what the person wants; rather, it implies showing speak-giraffe-nonviolent-communication-action respectful acknowledgment of the individual's Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 40

198 METHODS OF NONVIOLENT ACTION

FORMAL STATEMENTS Pressures on Individuals 1. Public speeches 31. “Haunting” offi cials 2. Letters of opposition or support 32. Taunting offi cials 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions 33. Fraternization 4. Signed public statements 34. Vigils Drama and Music DECLARATIONS OF INDICTMENT AND Humorous skits and pranks INTENTION 36. Performances of plays and music 6. Group or mass petitions 37. Singing Communications with a Wider Audience Processions 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols 38. Marches 8. Banners, posters, and displayed 39. Parades communications 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books RELIGIOUS PROCESSIONS 41. Pilgrimages NEWSPAPERS AND JOURNALS 42. Motorcades 11. Records, radio, and Honoring the Dead television 43. Political mourning 12. Skywriting and 44. Mock funerals earthwriting Group Representations DEMONSTRATIVE 13. Deputations FUNERALS 14. Mock awards 46. Homage at burial places GROUP LOBBYING Public Assemblies 16. Picketing 47. Assemblies of 17. Mock elections protest or support Symbolic Public Acts 48. Protest meetings 18. Displays of flags and 49. Camouflaged symbolic colors meetings of protest 19. Wearing of symbols TEACH-INS PRAYER AND WITHDRAWAL AND WORSHIP RENUNCIATION 21. Delivering symbolic 51. Walk-outs objects 52. Silence 22. Protest disrobings 53. Renouncing honors 23. Destruction of own 54. Turning one’s back property The Methods of Social 24. Symbolic lights Noncooperation Ostracism of Persons DISPLAYS OF PORTRAITS 55. Social boycott 26. Paint as protest 56. Selective social boycott 27. New signs and names 57. Lysistratic nonaction 28. Symbolic sounds 58. Excommunication 29. Symbolic reclamations 59.Interdict

RUDE GESTURES

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NONCOOPERATION WITH SOCIAL EVENTS, The Methods of Economic Noncooperation: The CUSTOMS, AND INSTITUTIONS Strike 60. Suspension of social and sports activities Symbolic Strikes 61. Boycott of social aff airs 97. Protest strike 62. Student strike 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) 63. Social disobedience Agricultural Strikes 64. Withdrawal from social institutions 99. Peasant strike Withdrawal from the Social System 100. Farm Workers’ strike 65. Stay-at-home 66. Total personal noncooperation STRIKES BY SPECIAL GROUPS 67. “Flight” of workers 101. Refusal of impressed labor 68. Sanctuary 102. Prisoners’ strike 69. Collective disappearance 103. Craft strike 70. Protest emigration (hijrat) 104. Professional strike Ordinary Industrial Strikes THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC 105. Establishment strike NONCOOPERATION: 106.Industry strike ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS 107. Sympathetic strike ACTIONS BY CONSUMERS 71. Consumers’ boycott RESTRICTED STRIKES 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods 108. Detailed Strike 73. Policy of austerity 109. Bumper strike 74. Rent withholding 110. Slowdown strike 75. Refusal to rent 111. Working-to-rule strike 76. National consumers’ boycott 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) 77. International consumers’ boycott 113. Strike by resignation 114. Limited strike ACTION BY WORKERS AND PRODUCERS 115. Selective strike 78. Workmen’s boycott 79. Producers’ boycott MULTI-INDUSTRY STRIKES 116. Generalized strike ACTION BY MIDDLEMEN 117. General strike 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott Action by Owners and Management COMBINATION OF STRIKES AND ECONOMIC 81. Traders’ boycott CLOSURES 82. Refusal to let or sell property 118. Hartal 83. Lockout 119. Economic shutdown 84. Refusal of industrial assistance 85. Merchants’ “general strike” THE METHODS OF POLITICAL Action by Holders of Financial Resources NONCOOPERATION REJECTION OF 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits AUTHORITY 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest 121. Refusal of public support 89. Severance of funds and credit 122. Literature and speeches advocating 90. Revenue refusal resistance 91. Refusal of a government’s money Action by Governments CITIZENS’ NONCOOPERATION WITH 92. Domestic embargo GOVERNMENT 93. Blacklisting of traders 123. Boycott of legislative bodies 94. International sellers’ embargo 124. Boycott of elections 95. International buyers’ embargo 125. Boycott of government employment and 96. International trade embargo positions Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 42

126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies DOMESTIC GOVERNMENTAL ACTION 127. Withdrawal from government educational 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays institutions 150. Noncooperation by constituent 128. Boycott of government-supported governmental units organizations 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL ACTION 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks 151. Changes in diplomatic and other 131. Refusal to accept appointed offi cials representations 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition CITIZENS’ ALTERNATIVES TO OBEDIENCE 154. Severance of diplomatic relations 133. Reluctant and slow compliance 155. Withdrawal from international organizations 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct 156. Refusal of membership in international supervision bodies 135. Popular nonobedience 157. Expulsion from international organizations 136. Disguised disobedience THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to INTERVENTION disperse PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION 138. Sit-down 158. Self-exposure to the elements 139. Noncooperation with conscription and 159. The fast deportation a. Fast of moral pressure 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities b. Hunger strike 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws c. Satyagrahic fast 160. Reverse trial ACTION BY GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL 161. Nonviolent harassment 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides PHYSICAL INTERVENTION 143. Blocking of lines of command and 162. Sit-in information 163. Stand-in 144. Stalling and obstruction 164. Ride-in 145. General administrative noncooperation 165. Wade-in 146. Judicial noncooperation 166. Mill-in 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective 167. Pray-in noncooperation by enforcement agents 168. Nonviolent raids 148. Mutiny 169. Nonviolent air raids

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170. Nonviolent invasion 171. Nonviolent interjection POLITICAL INTERVENTION 172. Nonviolent obstruction 193. Overloading of administrative systems 173. Nonviolent occupation 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents 195. Seeking imprisonment SOCIAL INTERVENTION 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws 174. Establishing new social patterns 197. Work-on without collaboration 175. Overloading of facilities 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government 176. Stall-in 177. Speak-in Far too often people struggling for democratic 178. Guerrilla theater rights and justice are not aware of the full range 179. Alternative social institutions of methods of nonviolent action. Wise strategy, 180. Alternative communication system attention to the dynamics of nonviolent struggle, and careful selection of methods can increase a ECONOMIC INTERVENTION group’s chances of success. 181. Reverse Strike Gene Sharp’s researched and catalogued these 182. Stay-in Strike 198 methods and provided a rich selection of 183. Nonviolent land seizure historical 184. Defiance of Blockades examples in his seminal work, The Politics of 185. Politically Motivated Counterfeiting Nonviolent Action (3 Vols.) Boston: Porter 186. Preclusive Purchasing Sargent, 1973. 187. Seizure of assets 188. Dumping Source: https://www.brandeis.edu/peace- 189. Selective patronage conflict/pdfs/198-methods-non-violent-action.pdf 190. Alternative markets 191. Alternative transportation systems 192. Alternative economic institutions

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KEEP MARCHING: WHY STREET PROTESTS REALLY DO MAKE A DIFFERENCE

By Edmund L. Andrews says Soule. “Liberal protests lead Democrats to A new study shows that both liberal and vote on the issues that resonate for them, and conservative protests have had a real impact on conservative protests lead Republicans to do the U.S. elections. same. It happens on both sides of the ideological From anti-war marches in the 1960s to the Tea spectrum.” Party rallies of 2010 and the progressive protests On average, a wave of liberal protesting in a in 2018, marching in the streets are a fixture of congressional district can increase a Democratic modern American life. But do protests actually candidate’s vote share by 2% and reduce a GOP accomplish anything in terms of election results candidate’s share by 6%. A wave of conservative or the balance of party power? protests, like those by the Tea Party in 2010, will Absolutely yes, according to a new study based on average reduce the Democratic vote share by on 30 years of data. 2% and increase the Republican share by 6%. Coauthored by Sarah A. Soule at Stanford On top of that, big protests by progressives have Graduate School of Business and Daniel Q. spurred increases in the quality of Democrats Gillion at the University of Pennsylvania, the who decide to challenge incumbents. study finds that spikes in both liberal and (Conservative protests haven’t had the same conservative protest activity can increase or impact motivating Republican challengers, decrease a candidate’s vote by enough to change however.) That seems to be what has happened the final outcome. in 2018, when record numbers of women both “Many people are skeptical that protests matter marched in the streets and decided to run as to electoral outcomes, but our paper finds that Democrats for Congress, but the pattern isn’t they have a profound effect on voter behavior,” unique to this year. Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 45

The study is based on a detailed analysis of both Soule and Gillion say that probably reflects the local protest activity and voting patterns in fact that conservative street protests were rare every congressional election from 1960 to 1990. until the 1990s, which probably made them The data on protests came from news reports. more electrifying to Republican voters. Soule and Gillion focused only on local protests, The researchers argue that local political which they scored by both their ideological protests provide important signals to voters as leaning and their intensity or “salience.” well as to candidates and potential challengers. For voters, they can focus attention. To incumbent lawmakers, they are signals about intensity of local discontent. For prospective challengers, they can signal the incumbent’s vulnerability. Indeed, the paper To rate the protests on an ideological spectrum, finds that an increase in liberal protest activity the researchers looked at each protest’s focal correlates with an increase in the number of issues. Not surprisingly, given the anti-war and “quality” Democratic challengers, such as those civil rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s, who have held elected offices before. The odds 90% of the protests during those decades were of a solid challenger entering a congressional on the left side of the political spectrum. But the race climbed from 20% to 50% as the intensity share of conservative protests increased of protest activity increased. gradually to 14% in the ’80s and 21% by 1990. “It’s a form of information gathering,” Gillion To rate “salience,” Soule and Gillion looked at says. “When politicians run for office, they try to whether the protests attracted large numbers of know every single issue in their backyard as well people; had organizational backing; attracted as the sentiments of their constituents. Protests police presence; or resulted in damage, injuries, are a way of signaling discontent, and they or death. inform politicians about the most salient For example, in the 1968 election of Abner issues.” Mikva, a liberal challenger in Illinois, the district Gillion adds that the volume and intensity of saw 40 protests that year, which were scored at progressive protests have been higher in 2018 a salience level of 54 — fairly high, but nowhere than at any time since the late 1960s. near as high as the protests during some other Other studies, including a new one by Robb races. Mikva defeated both the Democratic Willer of Stanford, find that violent protests can incumbent in the primary and his Republican lead people to think poorly of the protesters. opponent in the general election. However, Soule and Gillion say they found little Interestingly, conservative protests of similar evidence that protests produce a backlash in intensity appear to give Republicans a actual voting behavior. proportionately bigger boost in vote share. Source: https://www.fastcompany.com/

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Global Organisations Engaged in Nonviolence and Peace Activities

AUSTRALIA [email protected] 1. International Centre of Nonviolence Australia 3. The World Peace Society of Australia, www.nonviolence.org.au Australia The main objective of the International www.worldpeace.org.au Centre of Nonviolence Australia is to part The World Peace Society of Australia, education on action in nonviolence at Australia has a Vision: “Peace Begins with various levels. Me”, and a Mission Statement: “We hold that The vision the International Centre of a lasting peace will not be found in the Nonviolence Australia is of a nonviolent world, until it is developed in the hearts of society based on the celebration of our humanity. Its goal is to inspire the brothers common humanity and of the natural and sisters of our human family with an environment that sustains us. It works to achievable vision that is not bound by make strategic interventions in education – politics or religion or economics but an development of educators and curricula, inevitable, triumphant victory of the heart. teaching and writing – that challenge Contact: World Peace Society structural violence, enable learning 731 Pacific Drive, untainted by violence and advance a culture Deepwater, Qld, 4674, Australia of nonviolence. It works through reflective practice and focused research to develop and 4. Soka Gakkai International (SGI), disseminate its understanding, and to build Australia networks of educators with a similar vision www.sgiaust.org.au and commitment. Soka Gakkai, literally translates as “value Contact: International Centre of creation society”. Soka Gakkai International Nonviolence Australia (SGI) throughout the world strive to reveal Suite 102 L1 (Lower Ground), the life state of Buddhahood or Maestri Towers enlightenment and enact the creative and 515 Kent Street, Sydney NSW 2000, compassionate potential in life. GPO Box 4098 Sydney NSW 2001 Contact: Soka Gakkai International (SGI), Tel: +612 9283 5088 The Australia Culture Centre, 3 Parkview [email protected] Drive, Sydney Olympic Park NSW 2127, Phone: (02) 9763 2283, 2. Sydney Peace Foundation (SPF) [email protected] sydneypeacefoundation.org.au 5. Centre for Nonviolence, Victoria, The Sydney Peace Foundation, a University Australia of Sydney foundation promotes peace with www.cnv.org.au justice and the practice of Nonviolence and CNV is active in various violence prevention awards the Sydney Peace Prize, Australia’s and community education and engagement international prize for peace. The Sydney activities, including our award-winning Peace Foundation (SPF) encourages to think program “Solving the Jigsaw”, widely known about the meaning of peace, justice and for its work with school communities to alternatives to violence. eliminate bullying, harassment and violence Contact: The Sydney Peace Foundation and to build a culture of well-being through Mackie Building K01, University of Sydney equipping young students with positive life NSW 2006, Australia skills and constructive attitudes. Tel: +61 2 9351 4468 Contact: Centre for Nonviolence, Victoria,

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Postal: PO Box 958, Bendigo Vic. 3552 organisations working together with others Women & Children’s Services to promote justice, harness the power of Ph: (03) 5430 3000, 1800 884 038 global solidarity and create transformational [email protected] change to end poverty and inequalities. Contact: CIDSE, RueStévin, 16, 1000 Brussels, 6. Alternatives to Violence Project Belgium Queensland Ph: +32.(0).2.230.77.22, www.avpq.org.au [email protected] AVPQ is a growing community of people who support those actively seeking BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA nonviolent solutions to conflict. Members 9. Centre for Nonviolent Action (CNA) share experiences, skills, information and www.nenasilje.org their time. It is a multicultural, independent, Centre for Nonviolent Action’s mission is the non-profit association of trained volunteers, building of sustainable peace in the region of offering experiential workshops that can former Yugoslavia through the promotion of help people to change their lives. nonviolence and dialogue, and through the Contact: Alternatives to Violence Project trust building among individuals and Queensland, PO Box 78, Sherwood Qld 4075, groups, as well as constructive dealing with Ph: 07 3286 2593, 0422 434 336 the past. [email protected] CNA has been striving to achieve a society of sustainable peace where the development of AUSTRIA critical thought, taking responsibility for 7. Austrian Development Agency society and community, the encouragement www.entwicklung.at to reassess one’s own attitudes and the ADA is engaged in peace promotion and acceptance of the diversity are cherished. To conflict prevention in different ways: achieve these social values, CNA applies • Firstly, concrete projects are being different kinds of activism, while focusing on supported by civil society and international peace education, publishing and video organizations that are committed to peace production. promotion, conflict prevention and conflict Contact: Centre for Nonviolent Action transformation. (CNA), Kranjčevićeva 33, 71000 Sarajevo • Secondly, fragile states are supported in the Bosnia and Herzegovina development of constitutional and Tel: +387 33 260 875, 260 876 democratic structures. [email protected] • Thirdly, ADA is committed to the protection of women in conflict situations and their BRAZIL participation in peace processes. 10. Fight for Peace (Luta Pela Paz) • Fourthly, when planning activities in www.fightforpeace.net countries with conflict situations, care is Fight for Peace was founded in Complexo da taken to avoid conflict aggravation and Maré, Rio de Janeiro, as a direct response to strengthen peace-promoting effects (Do No youth-involvement in drug-related crime Harm Principle). and violence. Fight for Peace implements the Contact: Austrian Development Agency Five Pillars programme at its main Academy Zelinkagasse 2, 1010 Vienna, Austria in Nova Holanda and via satellite projects Tel: +43 1 90399-0, [email protected] located in two other communities (Baixa do Sapateiro and Marcílio Dias). Fight for Peace BELGIUM in Brazil also trains Brazilian partner 8. CIDSE Together for Global Justice organisations in the Fight for Peace www.cidse.org methodology as part of the national CIDSE Together for Global Justice is an programme Rede Brasil. international family of Catholic social justice Contact: Fight for Peace Luta Pela Paz (Rio De Janeiro) Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 48

Academia Luta pela Paz extraordinary experiences in a united effort Rua Teixeira Ribeiro 900, Bonsucesso, for peace with justice and equality. Leymah Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brazil, Tel: (+55) 21 3104- Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman joined the 4115, [email protected] Initiative in 2012. 1 Nicholas Street, Suite 430 CANADA Ottawa, ON KIN 7B7 11. Christian Peacemaker Teams (CPT) Canada, Ph: +1.613.569.8400 www.cpt.org Email: [email protected] Partnering with nonviolent movements around the world, CPT seeks to embody an COLOMBIA inclusive, ecumenical and diverse 14. The Christian Centre for Justice, Peace community of God’s love. We believe we can and Nonviolent Action (Justapaz) transform war. CPT places teams at the www.justapaz.org invitation of local peacemaking The Christian Centre for Justice, Peace and communities that are confronting situations Nonviolent Action (Justapaz) seeks to of lethal conflict. These teams seek to follow embody and serve Nonviolence through God’s Spirit as it works through local programmes working towards transforming peacemakers who risk injury and death by Colombia into a just and peaceful state. waging nonviolent direct action to confront Contact: The Christian Centre for Justice, systems of violence and oppression. Peace and Nonviolent Action (Justapaz) Contact: Christian Peacemaker Teams Av. Calle 32 No. 14-32 (CPT), 140 Westmount Road N, Waterloo, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia ON N2L 3G6 Ph:+57 (1) 2326080, +57 (1) 2873968, +57 (1) Tel: +1-416-423-5525, [email protected] 301 605 69 51, [email protected]

12. Mahatma Gandhi Canadian Foundation Colombian President Juan Manuel for World Peace Santos www.gandhifoundation.ca Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s life and The civil war in Colombia is one of the principles Mahatma Gandhi Canadian longest civil wars in modern times and the Foundation for World Peace, Alberta, sole remaining armed conflict in the Canada envisions a just and peaceful society Americas. It is the Norwegian Nobel the Foundation promotes peace and Committee's firm belief that President encourage nonviolent action based on Santos, despite the "No" majority vote Gandhian principles through education, in the referendum, has brought the bloody public awareness, collaboration, and conflict significantly closer to a peaceful building intercultural understanding. solution, and that much of the groundwork Contact: Mahatma Gandhi Canadian has been laid for both the verifiable Foundation for World Peace, disarmament of the FARC guerrillas and a Alberta, Canada, Box 60002, University historic process of national fraternity and Postal Outlet, University of Alberta, reconciliation. Edmonton, lberta, Canada, T6G 2J7 [email protected] WOLA's Colombia Peace Blog 13. Nobel Women’s Initiative www.nobelwomensinitiative.org WOLA's Colombia Peace blog is a unique The Nobel Women’s Initiative was resource for journalists, policymakers, established in 2006 by sister Nobel Peace scholars, activists and others interested in Laureates Jody Williams, Shirin Ebadi, understanding the peace process in Wangari Maathai, Rigoberta Menchú Tum, Colombia. Betty Williams and Mairead Maguire. The http://colombiapeace.org/ six women decided to bring together their CZECH REPUBLIC Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 49

15. White Circle of Safety Tel: +358 75 755 1800 www.bkb.cz White Circle of Safety provides free and FRANCE discrete assistance to victims and witnesses 19. The United Nations Educational, of crime. Scientific and Cultural Organization Contact: White Circle of Safety (UNESCO) U Trinity 2, 150 00 Prague 5 www.en.unesco.org Tel: +420 257 317 110 nonstop, The United Nations Educational, Scientific [email protected] and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations 16. ROSA www.rosa-os.cz (UN) based in Paris. Its declared purpose is ROSA is a Czech non-profit and to contribute to peace and security by nongovernmental organization specializing promoting international collaboration in providing help to women, victims of through educational, scientific, and cultural domestic violence. It was established in 1993. reforms in order to increase universal The main goal of its activities is to make the respect for justice, the rule of law, and issue of domestic violence more visible, to human rights along with fundamental help the victims and improve the system of freedom proclaimed in the United Nations domestic violence victim´s support in the Charter. Czech Republic. Contact: UNESCO Headquarters is Contact: ROSA - Centre for Women established in Paris. Offices are located in Podolská 242/25, 147 00 Praha 4, Czech two places in the same area: Republic, on Slupi 14, 128 00 Praha 2 UNESCO, 7 place Fontenoy, 75007 Paris, Czech Republic, Ph: + 420-241-432-466 France, P: +33 (0)1 4568 1000, UNESCO [email protected] 1 rue Miollis, 75015 Paris, France

DENMARK 20. Nonviolent Peaceforce 17. Center for Conflict Resolution www.nonviolentpeaceforce.org www.konfliktloesning.dk Nonviolent Peaceforce is a global non-profit Center for Conflict Resolution works for organization. They protect civilians in conflict resolution. They have teachers who violent conflicts through unarmed train and educate others in constructive strategies, build peace side by side with local conflict resolution, affiliated brokers, law communities and advocate for the wider centers that provide conflict resolution adoption of these approaches to safeguard counseling. human lives and dignity. Contact: Center for Conflict Resolution Contact: Nonviolent Peaceforce Head Fælledvej 12, entrance C, 2nd floor, DK-2200 Office, 13 Chemin Du Levant, Bat. A. Copenhagen, Denmark 01210 Femey Voltaire, France Tel: 3520 0550 Tel: +33 (0) 9 674 619 48 [email protected] [email protected]

FINLAND 21. Movement for a Nonviolent Alternative 18. Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) www.nonviolence.fr www.cmi.fi A non-violent movement of reflection and The Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) is action born in 1974, the MAN is an an independent Finnish organisation that association law 1901 federating about twenty works to prevent and resolve violent local groups gathering more than 350 conflicts through informal dialogue and members. The aim of the MAN is to promote mediation. Nobel Peace laureate and former non-violence and to emphasize its specific President of Finland Martti Ahtisaari contribution to daily life, education and founded CMI in 2000. social and political struggles. Through [email protected] reflection, action and training, the MAN Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 50

seeks to promote by non-violent strategy a Contact: INNATE, 16 Ravensdene Park, society of justice and freedom. Belfast BT6 0DA, Northern Ireland. Tel: 028 47 Avenue Pasteur, 93100 Montreuil, Tel: +33 9064 7106, [email protected], (0) 1 45 44 48 25 [email protected]

GERMANY JAPAN 22. Berghof Foundation 25. Soka Gakkai International (SGI) www.berghof-foundation.org The Berghof Foundation is an organisation www.sgi.org that supports efforts to prevent political and The Soka Gakkai International (SGI) is a social violence, and to achieve sustainable community-based Buddhist organization peace through conflict transformation. that promotes peace, culture and education Contact: Berghof Center, Berghof centered on respect for the dignity of life. Foundation Operations GmbH SGI members uphold the humanistic Altensteinstrasse 48a, 14195 Berlin philosophy of Mahayana Buddhism in 192 Tel: +49 (30) 844154 - 0 countries and territories. [email protected], SGI Headquarters [email protected]. Josei Toda International Center Georg Zundel Haus, Berghof Foundation 15-3 Samon-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160- Operations GmbH, Corrensstrasse 12, 72076 0017, Japan, Tel: +81-3-5360-9811 Tübingen, Tel: +49 (7071) 920510 [email protected] 24. Toda Peace Institute, Japan www.toda.org GREECE The Toda Peace Institute is an independent, 23. World Peace Council nonpartisan institute committed to www.wpc-in.org advancing a more just and peaceful world The World Peace Council (WPC) is an anti- through policy-oriented peace research and imperialist, democratic, independent and practice. non-aligned international movement of Toda Peace Institute, Tokyo Office mass action. It is an integral part of the world 15-3, Samon-cho, Shinjuku-ku, peace movement and acts in cooperation Tokyo 160-0017, Japan with other international and national [email protected] movements. The WPC is the International Peace structure, based in more than 100 27. Japan Center for Conflict Prevention countries. www.jccp.gr.jp Contact: World Peace Council Japan Center for Conflict Prevention (JCCP) 10,Othonos St., 10557 Athens/Greece carries out projects to prevent the outbreak Tel: +30210 331 63 26 and recurrence of conflicts by establishing [email protected] sustainable peace situation in injured societies and improving dangerous IRELAND environments. 24. Irish Network for Nonviolent Action Contact: 3rd Floor Fujita Building, Training and Education (INNATE) Sekiguchi, Bunkyo-ku, www.innatenonviolence.org Tokyo 112-0014, Japan, [email protected] The organisations acts as a network linking those committed to, or interested in, KENYA explicitly nonviolent action and training. 28. TransConflict INNATE’s work is intertwined with www.transconflict.com community relations and the development TransConflict contributes to conflict of a nonviolent response to areas of transformation through research, training, community tension. advocacy and promoting active- nonviolence. Upholding the Principles of Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 51

Conflict Transformation it provides lessons from our history, Gandhian ideas in consultancy services to support research, addressing the issues facing the community conflict analysis, peace building, civic and facilitation of critical forum discussions. awareness and training. Contact: Gandhi Development Trust (GDT), Active Nonviolence Initiatives (ANVI) Kenya 49 Mazisi Kunene Road, Berea, Durban, promotes and supports the dissemination of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001, T: +27 31 201 2067, information that addresses conflict [email protected], [email protected] sensitivity and transformation, and facilitates leadership seminars, forums and 31. International Centre of Nonviolence consultations related to issues of peace (ICON), Durban, South Africa building and conflict transformation. www.icon.org.za Contact: TransConflict, International Centre of Nonviolence [email protected] (ICON’s) mission is to make strategic interventions in education that challenge MIDDLE EAST structural violence. These processes work to 29. YaLa Peace Institute in Honor of Nelson bring key changes in society – specifically Mandela supporting the creation of a culture of www.yalaacademy.org Nonviolence. The YaLa Peace Institute in Honor of Nelson ICON seeks to make Nonviolence real Mandela is a peace studies program to through analysis of the local and global supply the young leaders of the Middle East context, through research and through & North Africa (MENA) region with the reflective practice. These inform its actions necessary tools to create a future of self- and strengthen its capacity in the field of sustaining and durable peace. nonviolence. Its vision is that of a centre, YaLa Young Leaders is an online, Facebook- based in the third world, that connects and based movement of young Middle sustains a global network of activists with Easterners dedicated to leading their the skills and understandings needed to generation to a better future. YaLa Young build peace, in particular through education. Leaders is the broadest and fastest-growing Contact: ICON, ML Sultan campus of Middle East peace movement today. Our Durban University of Technology, ML Sultan nearly 1,000,000 members come from all Road, Durban, South Africa 4001. Telephone: across the MENA region, hailing from Israel, +27 373 5499, [email protected] Palestine, Egypt, Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, Libya, Saudi 32. Center for Nonviolence and Peace Arabia, Lebanon, the United Arab Emirates, Studies Kuwait, Sudan, Syria, Yemen and Qatar, www.cnv.madinainstitute.org.za among others. The Center for Nonviolence and Peace [email protected] Studies is to continue the Madinan School of Nonviolence and Peace as laid down in the SOUTH AFRICA Prophetic example, and to challenge global 30. Gandhi Development Trust (GDT), extremism, in both its violent and Durban, South Africa nonviolent forms. www.gdt.org.za Contact: Center for Nonviolence and Peace The Gandhi Development Trust (GDT), Studies, 7th Floor Icon Building, established in 2002 aims to promote Cape Town, South Africa, Tel: +27 21 421 Gandhian thought and values. With a Core 9027, [email protected] Vision: “A peaceful, just and non-violent world” GDT promotes a culture of peace, 33. Centre for Conflict Resolution justice, Nonviolence and Ubuntu. Building Peace in Africa GDT engages in education and training www.ccr.org.za programmes, raises public awareness in Centre for Conflict Resolution (CCR) is a respect of nonviolent strategies taking pan-African organisation playing a leading Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 52

role in contributing towards the resolution make peace. All the women in the world are of conflict and the reduction of violence in becoming one to implement "the cessation Africa. of war movement so that young people are Contact: Centre for Conflict Resolution, no longer sacrificed by wars. Coornhoop, 2 Dixton Road, Observatory Contact: 3F Samjung Bld., 20 Mabang-ro, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea Tel: +27 (0)21 689 1005 Phone : +82 (0)2-540-5999 Email : [email protected] 34. Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, South Africa (CSVR) SPAIN www.csvr.org.za 37. Centre for Peace Studies JM Delàs CSVR is a multi-disciplinary institute www.centredelas.org involved in research, policy formation, The Centre Delàs whose mission is the community interventions, service delivery, promotion of a culture of peace and the education and training, as well as providing construction of a disarmed society and consultancy services. The primary goal of therefore is dedicated to raising awareness CSVR is to use its expertise in building about the negative effects of arms and reconciliation, democracy and a human militarism. Combine work and study rights culture and in preventing violence in publication dissemination and social South Africa and in other countries in Africa. mobilization around the negative effects of Contact: Johannesburg Office: 33 Hoofd militarism, including military spending, Street, Braampark Forum 5, 3rd Floor, military R & D and manufacturing and trade Johannesburg, 2001, South Africa of weapons, as well as denunciation of the P O Box 30778, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, breach of the agreements of the 2017, South Africa governments in these areas. Tel: +27 (11) 403-5650, [email protected] Contact: Centre for Peace Studies JM Delàs Street Erasme Janer, 8 (Mezzanine - office 9) Cape Town Office: 501 Premier Centre, 451 08001 Barcelona, Spain, Tel: + (34) 93 441 19 Main Road, Observatory, 7925 47, [email protected] Tel: +27 (21) 447-2470, [email protected] SWITZERLAND SOUTH KOREA 38. Nonviolence Project Foundation, (NVP) 35. International Peace Youth Group www.nonviolence.com www.ipyg.org The Nonviolence Project Foundation, (NVP) IPYG youth around the world are united in was registered in Bagnes Valais, Switzerland one purpose-to share in the love and life in 1993. NVP is a non-profit foundation with granted from heaven through peace projects the mission to inspire, engage and motivate and campaigns. IPYG gathers and mobilizes young people to understand how to solve the youth around the world to work and conflicts without resorting to violence. The learn from one another in the hope of objective is to reach out to as many schools realizing peace. We envision the unity and sport clubs around the world as possible. among youth that transcends boundaries, Contact: Nonviolence Project Foundation races, and religions. When we gather as one Rue de Medran 29, 1936 Verbier, in an effort to pursue the common purpose Switzerland, Ph: +41 79 310 79 90 of peace, we will be able to pave our own way [email protected] to a peaceful future of the world. Contact: 46,Cheongpa-ro 71-gil, Yongsan-gu, 39. Center for Nonviolent Action (CENAC) South Korea, +82-02-514-1963, [email protected] www.nonviolence.ch The CENAC aims to promote Nonviolence In 36. International Women’s Peace Group French-speaking Switzerland. Nonviolence IWPG is the gathering of women who is primarily about respect for yourself, others embrace the world with maternal hearts to and the environment. It is also not to sit idle Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 53

by the injustices. CENAC illustrates the Daire:3 (2nd floor) 34433 Cihangir / Istanbul Nonviolence by the formula “Neither – Turkey, Tel: (+90)212 244 12 69 hedgehog nor doormat”, not to hurt, not to [email protected] get trampled. Contact: Center for Nonviolent Action UGANDA (CENAC), Rue de Genève 52, 43. The GBV Prevention Network CH - 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland www.preventgbvafrica.org Tel: +41 21 661 24 34, [email protected] The GBV Prevention Network (Gender- Based Violence (GBV) is a network of 40. The International Federation of Red activists and organizations working to Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) prevent violence against women (VAW), www.ifrc.org united in our mission to uphold equality in The International Federation of Red Cross our homes and communities. The GBV and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is the Prevention Network works to increase world’s largest humanitarian and momentum for VAW prevention by development network Promoting social strengthening analysis, building inclusion and peace along with other connections and taking action to prevent Disaster response and recovery and VAW. development works. Contact: GBV Prevention Network, Plot 16 Contact: International Federation of Red Tufnell Drive, Kamwokya, P. O. Box 6770, Cross and Red Crescent Societies Kampala, Uganda, Ph: +256 414 532 183 / P.O. Box 303, CH-1211 Geneva 19 +256 414 531 186, Email: Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 730 42 22 [email protected]

41. International Campaign to Abolish UNITED KINGDOM (UK) Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) 44. Peace Brigades International http://www.icanw.org www.peacebrigades.org The International Campaign to Abolish PBI envisions a world in which people Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) is a coalition of address conflicts nonviolently, where non-government organizations in one human rights are universally upheld and hundred countries advocating for a strong social justice and intercultural respect have and effective nuclear weapon ban treaty. become a reality. PBI’s principles are Negotiations on this new global agreement Nonviolence, non-partisanship, are taking place at the United Nations in international character and horizontality New York in 2017. and our mandate is to create space for peace Contact: 150 Route de Ferney, 1211 Genève 2, and to protect human rights. It carries out Switzerland, Ph: +41 22 788 20 63, +41 78 613 protective accompaniment, international 04 72, Email: [email protected] observation, targeted advocacy and workshops and training. TURKEY Contact: International Office 42. Nonviolent Education and Research Development House, 56-64 Leonard Street Center London, EC2A 4LT, UK www.nvrc-sarm.org Tel: +44 20 7065 0775 Nonviolent Education and Research Center is a non-profit, independent entity. The 45. ABColombia Center does research, generates reference www.abcolombia.org.uk resources and materials, and organizes ABColombia is the advocacy project of a seminars and workshops with the purpose of group of five leading UK and Irish spreading a non–violent culture and organisations with programmes in implementation of human rights and justice. Colombia: CAFOD, Christian Aid UKI, Contact: Kuloğlu Mah. Güllabici sokak No: Oxfam GB, SCIAF and Trócaire. 16 Contact: ABColombia, Romero House Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 54

55 Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 AGNT, 220 Santa Anita Rd, Santa Barbara, 7JB, Tel: +44 (0) 207 870 2216 CA 93105, T: 805-563-7343 [email protected] 49. The Center for Nonviolent UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (USA) Communication, USA 46. M.K. Gandhi Institute for Nonviolence, www.cnvc.org Memphis, USA The Center for Nonviolent Communication www.gandhiinstitute.org (CNVC) is a global organization that M.K. Gandhi Institute for Nonviolence was supports the learning and sharing of founded by Arun Gandhi (Grandson of Nonviolent Communication (NVC), and Mahatma) Gandhi and Sunanda Gandhi in helps people peacefully and effectively Memphis, USA in 1991. The works to realize resolve conflicts in personal, organizational, the vision of its historic namesake by helping and political settings. individuals and communities create public Contact: Center for Nonviolent awareness of nonviolence as knowledge Communication, 9301 Indian School Rd NE critical to human thriving. The M.K. Gandhi Suite 204, Albuquerque, NM 87112-2861 Institute collaborates with local Tel: +1.505.244.4041, 1.800.255.7696 organizations, academic institutions, students and committed peacemakers in the 50. Global Peace Foundation, USA areas of nonviolence education, sustainability www.globalpeace.org and environmental conservation, and the The Global Peace Foundation promotes an promotion of racial justice. innovative, values-based approach to Contact: 929 South Plymouth Avenue, peacebuilding, engages and organizes a Rochester, New York 14608, USA, global network of public and private-sector T: 585-463-3266 partners who develop community, national, and regional peace building models as the 47. The King Center foundation for ethical and cohesive www.thekingcenter.org societies. Established in 1968 by Mrs. Coretta Scott King, The Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for 51. Global Peace Education, USA Nonviolent Social Change (“The King www.globalpeace.org Center”) has been a global destination, Global Peace Education the Education resource center and community institution Division of Global Peace Foundation, works for over a quarter century. Nearly a million with educators and stakeholders around the people each year make pilgrimage to the world to ensure that students graduate ready National Historic Site to learn, be inspired to succeed in all aspects of twenty-first and pay their respects to Dr. King’s legacy. century life. By making education more Contact: The King Center, 449 Auburn relevant and comprehensive, graduates are Avenue, NE, Atlanta, GA 30312, better prepared to prosper in the workplace, Ph: 404-526-8900 build healthy and resilient families, and contribute to economic development and 48. Association for Global New Thought social stability. (AGNT) Contact: Washington DC, 9320 Annapolis www.agnt.org Road, Suite 100, Lanham, MD 20706, Association for Global New Thought Ph: 202.643.4733 (AGNT) principles reflect a universal Seattle, WA conviction that the community of all life is 6912 220th Street SW, Suite 200, Mountlake sacred; our practices of meditation and Terrace WA 98043 prayer enhance a worldview promoting Ph: 425.582.7901, [email protected] reverence for, and service to humanity and planet earth.

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52. International Center on Nonviolent 55. Center for Global Nonkilling, Honolulu, Conflict, USA (ICNC) Hawai‛I, USA www.nonviolent-conflict.org www.nonkilling.org The International Center on Nonviolent The Center for Global Nonkilling promotes Conflict (ICNC) engages in Civil resistance change toward the measurable goal of a movements—featuring a wide range of killing-free world by means open to infinite nonviolent tactics such as strikes, boycotts, human creativity. mass demonstrations, acts of Contact: noncooperation, civil disobedience, and Center for Global Nonkilling, 3653 Tantalus other actions. Its mission is educational ie to Drive, Honolulu, Hawai‛I, 96822-5033 develop and share knowledge and United States, (+1) 808-536-7442 educational resources related to civil [email protected] resistance with interested recipients throughout the world. 56. Rotary Peace Centers (Worldover) Contact: International Center on Nonviolent www.rotary.org Conflict, 1775 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Ste. The Rotary Peace Centers program has a 1200, Washington, D.C., USA vision of sustainable peace: encompassing a Ph: + 202-416-4720, network of peace builders and community [email protected] leaders dedicated to preventing and resolving conflicts across the global 53. Karuna Center for Peacebuilding, community. The Rotary Peace Centers Amherst, USA program empowers, educates, and increases www.karunacenter.org the capacity of peace builders through Karuna Center for Peacebuilding innovates academic training, practice, and global approaches for transforming conflict across networking opportunities. Rotary has Peace divides by supporting people in all sectors of Centers in several countries. society to discover their shared capacity for Contact: World Headquarters, Rotary building peace. International, One Rotary Center, 1560 Contact: Karuna Center for Peacebuilding Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201-3698, USA, 447 West Street, Amherst, MA 01002 USA Ph: +1 866-976-8279 Ph: +1 413.256.3800, [email protected] [email protected]

54. METTA Center for Nonviolence, 57. Raven Foundation California USA www.ravenfoundation.org www.mettacenter.org The Raven Foundation is committed to METTA Center for Nonviolence provides making religion reasonable, violence educational resources on the safe and unthinkable and peace a possibility by effective use of nonviolence, with the spreading awareness of the transformative recognition that it’s not about putting the power of mimetic theory. Our goal is to right person in power but awakening the foster peaceful individuals and harmonious right kind of power in people. The Center communities that will reject scapegoating advances a higher image of humankind and violence as ways to form identity and while empowering people to explore the achieve real and lasting peace. question: How does nonviolence work, and Contact: 2624 Patriot Boulevard, Glenview, how can I actively contribute to a happier, IL 60026, USA, Ph: 224-521-2470 more peaceful society? Metta Center for Nonviolence 58. The Peace Alliance PO Box 98, Petaluma, California 94953 www.peacealliance.org 707-774-6299, [email protected] The Peace Alliance are an alliance of organizers and advocates throughout the United States taking the work of peacebuilding from the margins of society Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 56

into the centers of national discourse and age of 16 to be convicted as an adult. He was policy priorities. Their network includes sentenced to 25 years to life in prison. volunteer grassroots teams in cities, towns, Believing there were “victims on both ends colleges and high school campuses across of the gun”, Tariq’s father Azim Khamisa the nation. reached out in forgiveness to Tony’s Contact: 2108 Military Road grandfather, Ples Felix to begin the process Arlington VA 22207, USA of healing; together they established TKF. Ph: 202-684-2553, Contact: 9920 Pacific Heights Blvd #150, San [email protected] Diego, CA 92121, Ph: (619) 955-8777, [email protected] 59. The Resource Center for Nonviolence, www.rcnv.org 62. War Resisters League The Resource Center for Nonviolence, www.warresisters.org founded in 1976, is a peace and justice The United States’ oldest secular pacifist organization promoting the practice of organization, the War Resisters League has nonviolent social change. It cultivates been resisting war at home and war abroad relationships with allies around California, since 1923. Our work for nonviolent across the United States, in Latin America, revolution has spanned decades and been the Middle East and elsewhere. Its primary shaped by the new visions and strategies of mission is to support the growth of each generation’s peacemakers. nonviolent activists. The Center hosts Contact: War Resisters League, 168 Canal St, activists and analysts from nonviolent Suite 600. New York, NY 10013, Ph: struggles around the world. And the Center 212.228.0450, [email protected] is a venue for social change groups and non- profit organizations to conduct meetings 63. United States Institute of Peace and public events. www.usip.org Contact: 612 Ocean Street, Santa Cruz, CA, The United States Institute of Peace is an USA, T: 831-423-1626 independent national institute founded by E: [email protected] Congress. Its mission is to help prevent and resolve violent conflicts abroad, which pose 60. Nonviolence International risks for U.S. and global security. www.nonviolenceinternational.net Contact: United States Institute of Peace Nonviolence International provides services 2301 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, to individuals, groups, organizations, and DC 20037, Tel: +1.202.457.1700 international bodies that need to resolve conflicts and help with overcoming 64. Connecticut Center for Nonviolence obstacles. Our services are provided by (CTCN) trained professionals with international www.ctnonviolence.org experience. Connecticut Center for Nonviolence (CTCN) Contact: 4000 Albemarle Street, NW provides education in Nonviolence. It brings Suite 401, Washington, DC 20016, USA people from diverse communities together Ph: +1 202 244 0951 in dialogue and creative expression to [email protected] explore the root causes of violence and to learn constructive methods of developing 61. The Tariq Khamisa Foundation (TKF) and applying alternative solutions. CTCN www.tkf.org has worked people to train and implement The Tariq Khamisa Foundation (TKF) was the philosophy and strategies of Kingian established in 1995 after Tariq Khamisa, a 20 Nonviolence across racial, social, economic year old college student was killed by Tony and generational divides. Hicks, a 14 year old gang member. Tony Contact: P.O. Box 1085 – Hartford, CT 06143, became the first child in California under the Hartford Neighborhood Site, Northend

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Church of Christ, 687 Albany Ave, Hartford, The Alliance for Peacebuilding leads a CT 06112, USA community of 100 organizations building [email protected], peaceful and just societies around the world. [email protected] Contact: 1800 Massachusetts Ave NW, Suite 401, Washington, DC 20036 65. Bay Area Nonviolent Communication Phone: 202.822.2047, (BayNVC) [email protected] www.baynvc.org BayNVC is home to a number of projects and 69. American Friends Service Committee groups working under the same umbrella to (AFSC) apply and promote the principles and www.afsc.org practices of Nonviolent Communication. It The American Friends Service Committee supports individuals and families in (AFSC) is a Quaker organization that experiencing inner peace, greater choice, promotes lasting peace with justice, as a integrity, and satisfying relationships by practical expression of faith in action. offering classes, individual coaching, and Contact: American Friends Service intensive programs. Committee (AFSC) Contact: Bay Area Nonviolent 1501 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102 Communication, PO Box 22872 Ph: 215-241-7000 Oakland, CA 94609, USA, Ph: 510-433-0700 [email protected] 70. Gandhi Global Center for Peace gandhicenterforpeace.org 66. Campaign Nonviolence Gandhi Global Center for Peace is a global, www.paceebene.org virtual hub for education and community Campaign Nonviolence is a long-term building furthering Mahatma Gandhi’s movement for a culture of peace and philosophy of nonviolence and peace nonviolence free from war, poverty, racism, Contact: P.O Box 3833, Chattanooga, environmental destruction and the epidemic Tennessee, USA, of violence. [email protected] Pace e Bene mission is to foster a just and 71. Ikeda Center for Peace, Learning, and peaceful world through nonviolence Dialogue education, community-building, and action. www.daisakuikeda.org Contact: Pace e Bene, P.O. Box F, Corvallis, Ikeda Center for Peace, Learning, and OR 97339, USA, Ph: 510-268-8765 Dialogue, in support of an evolving global [email protected] ethic for a peaceful twenty-first century, has brought together scholars, activists and 67. Stop Violence Against Woman experts from diverse disciplines, cultures (STOPVAW) and religious traditions to discuss such www.stopvaw.org issues as human rights, nonviolence, The Stop Violence Against Women environmental ethics, economic justice, and (STOPVAW), a project of The Advocates for women’s leadership for peace. Human Rights, is a forum for information, Contact: Ikeda Center for Peace, Learning, advocacy and change in the promotion of and Dialogue, 396 Harvard Street, women’s human rights. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Contact: Stop Violence Against Woman Ph: 617.491.1090, [email protected] (STOPVAW), 330 Second Avenue South, Suite 800, Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA (WOLA) Advocacy for Human Rights in Ph: (612) 341-3302 [email protected] the Americas The Washington Office on Latin America 68. Alliance For Peacebuilding (WOLA) is a leading research and advocacy www.allianceforpeacebuilding.org organization advancing human rights and social justice in the Americas. Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 58

Contact: 1666 Connecticut Avenue NW, [email protected] Suite 400, Washington, DC 20009, g Tel: (202) 797-2171, www.wola.org ZIMBABWE 72. Women’s International League for Peace 73. Zimbabwe Peace Project and Freedom (WILPF) www.zimpeaceproject.com Women’s International League for Peace Zimbabwe Peace Project was established in and Freedom (WILPF), is the oldest 2000 by a group of non-governmental and women’s peace organisation in the world. In church organisations. It has produced timely 1915, women from countries at war with each national monthly monitoring reports on other and from neutral countries came violence and human rights violations which together in The Hague to discuss solutions have been circulated to over 2000 to the causes and violence of World War I. stakeholders. They founded WILPF as an organisation Contact: Zimbabwe Peace Project with a mandate to challenge militarism, P O Box BE 427, Belvedere, Harare, patriarchy, and capitalism as the roots of war Zimbabwe and violence. Ph: +263 4 2930180, +263774883417/+263 774 Reaching Critical Will, 777 United Nations 883 406, Plaza 6th floor, New York, NY, USA, 10017 [email protected]

We invite readers to provide us names and contact details of Peace & Nonviolence Organisations not listed here in.

Source: Taken from their respective websites. Updated 6 June 2017

Nonviolence News I August – September - October 2018 59

Dr Martin Luther King, Jr. H.H. Dalai Lama

Nelson Mandela Mother Teresa

President Daisaku Ikeda Aung San Suu Kyi

Dr Arun Gandhi (Grandson of DrNonviolence Ela Gandhi (G randdaughterNews I April – May 2018 60 Mahatma Gandhi) of Mahatma Gandhi)