The Native Plants of Ohio Authors Cassandra Sheaffer, Graduate Extension Assistant Mary Ann Rose, Assistant Professor

Line drawings taken from the following references: The Woody Plants of Ohio, E. Lucy Braun. The Ohio State University Press, 1961. The Monocotyledoneae Cat-tails to Orchids, E. Lucy Braun. The Ohio State University Press, 1967. The Dicotyledoneae of Ohio Part 2: Linaceae through Campanulaceae, Tom S. Cooperrider. The Ohio State University Press, 1995. The Dicotyledoneae of Ohio Part 3: Asteraceae, Richard Fisher. The Ohio State University Press, 1988. Common Trees of Ohio, Joseph S. Illick. The American Tree Association, 1927.

Front Cover: Echinacea purpurea, purple coneflower A popular native perennial, the purple coneflower is a remnant of the prairies that once existed in southwestern Ohio. Like many prairie plants, purple coneflower excels in dry, well-drained soils which may cause problems for traditional ornamentals. Photo courtesy of Dr. Steven Still, The Ohio State University

Copyright© 1998, The Ohio State University All educational programs and activities conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to all potential clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability, or Vietnam-era veteran status. 4/98-2M-155129 Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Keith L. Smith, Director, Ohio State University Extension. TDD# 1-800-589-8292 (Ohio only) or 614-292-1868 He!ianthus moll is Suggestions for future issues are welcome, please address to: Mary Ann Rose downy sunflower Department of Horticulture 2001 Fyffe Court The Ohio State University Columbus. OH 43210 Contents The Native Plants of Ohio ...... 2 What is a Native Plant? ...... 2 Using Native Plants Successfully in the Landscape ...... 2 Ohio Natural History ...... 3 Types of Landscapes to Consider ...... 4 Wildlife ...... 4 Preserving Native Plants ...... 5 Native Woody Pla.nts ...... 5 Obtaining Plants ...... 5 About this List ...... 5 Large Trees°(50-100' or more) ...... · ...... 6 Medium Trees (30-50') ...... 11 Small Trees/Large Shrubs (15-40') ...... 12 Shrubs (1-25') ...... 16 Conifers ...... 20 Broadleaf Evergreens ...... 21 Vines and Groundcovers ...... 22 Native Herbaceous Plants ...... 23 Obtaining Herbaceous Plants ...... 23 About this List ...... : ...... 23 Herbaceous Vines and Creepers ...... 24 I Low Growing Plants (3"-12!') ...... 25 I Medium Height Plants (4"-36") ·····················'·············································· 27 Tall Plants (up to 6') ...... 32 Very Tall Plants (more than 6') ...... 37 Ferns ...... 38 Grasses and Sedges ·······································"'·········································; .... 40 Native Plant/Natural Landscaping Resources ...... 42 Native Plants Solutions Sampler ...... :... 44 Index of Common Names ...... 45 Index of Scientific Names ...... 47

Sassafi"({s alhidum common sassafras The Native Plants of Ohio The goal of this bulletin is to provide a comprehensive list of plants for those who wish to include native plants in the landscape. Although there are many lists of native plants ayailable What is a Native Plant? today, most of these sources list plants native to North America or to a specific region of the All native plants once grew in the United States. The plants listed in this bulletin are all native specifically to Ohio, although some wild, but many plants currently found in the may have limited distribution. wild may not be native. The following Although many plants in this guide are excellent landscape specii:nens, some may be diffi­ general definitions might help clarify the cult to grow or propagate. It is our hope that a comprehensive list will be helpful in evaluating difference between native plants and others. existing plants in a given site, as well as in selecting plants for a new landscape. Please consult other guides for details on cultural information or landscape uses of native native plant: a plant that grows in the wild plants. This bulletin is not meant to be an authoritative guide on growing environments or plant without human intervention· needs. Several excellent resources, including books, agencies, and web sites, are listed in the last exotic plant: a plant that was introduced by section. Use these for more information on purchasing, propagation, plant care, and landscape human intervention from another area or establishment. country (accidentally or purposefully) We are fortunate in Ohio to have a great diversity of plants to choose from, including many naturalized: an exotic plant that has that thrive under adverse conditions. Native plants can be found to suit a variety of sites: wet or . escaped from cultivation and now grows dry, sun or shade, high or low fertility, and acidic or calcareous soils. When used correctly, native in the wild plants may:· wildflower: any flowering plant, usually • be better adapted to local environmental conditions. herbaceous, that grows in the wild • be used to solve landscape problems like shady or wet areas. (native or naturalized) - • be of increased value to wildlife. invasive: a plant that competes vigorously • require less maintenance. and takes over habitat • provide four-season interest. noxious: a plant that is so invasive it is • be a good choice for an informal landscape. regulated by state or federal laws 1 • preserve native species and biodiversity. • add a local accent to the landscape.

U :;ing Native Plants Successfully The key to using native plants successfully is carefully choosing plants that will match your site conditions. While some native plants are tremendously adaptable to a wide range of environmental conditions, many are quite habitat-specific. Before you start selecting plant materials, know your site, including the exposure, soil texture, pH, fertility, moisture conditions, weed problems, and the history of use. The charts in this bulletin may then be used to determine if your site conditions will be similar to a desired plant's natural habitat. Some discrepancies can be corrected with soil amendments, mulching, fertilization, and other techniques, but these solutions may not overcome a poor match between your selected plant and site.

1 Be aware that noxious weeds may be present in meadow-in-a-can mixes. For example, some commercial mixes may include Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) for use in a wildflower meadow. This is not a native plant and is listed as a noxious weed in Ohio. Queen Anne's Lace (Daucus carota) may also be recommended for meadows, but is rarely in commercial inixes. Avoid planting invasive or aggressive growers if your site is close to a landscaped or agricultural production area. It is important to understand that most residential, and particularly urban landscapes, do not Diagram l. Major Forest Regions of Ohio resemble any natural habitat. In these situations, the soil has been disturbed, natural vegetation has been cleared, and the microclimate has been changed. Furthermore, urban stresses such as compac­ tion, pollution, salt runoff, and reflected heat can have a negative impact on remnant native trees and shrubs. The survival and growth potential ofnative species in these conditions may be no better or worse than exotic species. Many plants that are native to river bottomlands are surprisingly adaptable to urban conditions. In their natural environment, these plants experience extreme fluctuations in soil moisture and oxygen. Researchers have found that these plants often can adapt to compacted, overly dry, or overly wet soils that are common to urban areas. The needs of native plants may differ from conventional landscape plants. Fertilization may not be necessary with some meadow and prairie species. Over-fertilizing these plants may promote weak, spindly growth and invasion by weeds. In contrast, wo~dland plants need fertile, organic soils. Although most urban sites will not provide an ideal environment for woodland plants, amend­ ing soils with organic amendments will help. While a carefully planned landscape using native plants can be low-maintenance once it has I. Mixed Mesophytic Region attained maturity, "native" landscapes may require considerable effort to establish, and are rarely j ~· Western Mesophytic Region maintenance-free. For example, a meadow or prairie community will decline if it is not managed by L· Beech-Maple Forest Region annual mowing, weed control, and reseeding.

Ohio Natural History I rnagrum 2: Glacial Influon<" o~/~h;" I Ohio's native plant communities were dominated by forests. Three major types of forests occurred throughout Ohio: the Mixed Mesophytic Forest, the Western Mesophytic Forest, and the - Beech-Maple Forest (see Diagram 1). In addition to forests, other native plant communities that once flourished in Ohio included bogs, swamps, wetlands, wet and dry prairies, meadows, oak openings, and even sandy ridges. The great diversity in Ohio's native plant communities was a function of several factors-most notably glaciers and climate changes (see Diagram 2). Today, the most biologically diverse area of the state is the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau in southeastern Ohio. This hilly and rugged area has acidic soils and becomes more biodiverse as it stretches south into Tennessee and Virginia. In prehistoric times, the Allegheny Plateau was the only part of the state completely devoid of glaciers; however, nearby glaciers caused plant migrations to and from this area, producing a rich variety of flora and fauna. The plateau later became part of the Mixed Mesophytic Forest, which occupied the southern two-thirds of eastern Ohio. ~Jt r\ Before falling to the ax, both the Mixed Mesophytic Forest and the Western Mesophytic Forest . \..__,, found in southwest Ohio were dominated by beech, tuliptree, sweet buckeye, and sugar maple. L] Black Swamp Area These forests had fertile soils that were high in organic matter. The Western Mesophytic region also [:::::<:)Wisconsin Drift contained a great number of swamps and bogs created by the Illinoian glacier, which was the I (WM@ lllinoian Drift (southern-most southernmost glacier in Ohio, and the only glacier to reach into this region (see Diagram 2). reaches) With the exception of the Allegheny Plateau and the Western Mesophytic region, the rest of 0 Unglaciated Plateau I ___) I \... Ohio was covered by more than one glacier. Most of this area was as a stream. Woodland plants generally prefer moist, fertile soils characterized by calcareous soils and Beech-Maple forests. Beech­ that are high in organic matter, although some may tolerate dry Maple forests covered more than half of the state and encompasseg at conditions. While many woodland species prefer acid soils, there least two forest subtypes: Elm-ash-maple forests were common in flat are also some that tolerate a wide range in areas, especially in the acidic Great Black Swamp area of northwest soil pH. Ohio; drier oak forests thrived by sandy ridges bordering Lake Erie. Native wildflow­ These sandy ridges can still be found today although modern-day ers look best in large Lake Erie has receded. Swamps and prairies were also found clusters. Most native throughout the region. A dry period some 3,000 to 5,000 years ago perennials spread by gave rise to several prairies in western Ohio. Remnants of these vegetative prairies can still be found, along with remaining swamps and wet­ propagules that will lands. create natural For county-specific distribution of native species or for further clusters over time. information on forest types and plant communities, consult Decidu­ Annuals will usually Cercis nmadensis' ous Forests of Eastern North America; The Woody Plants of Ohio; reseed themselves, but eastern redbud The Monocotyledoneae: Cat-tails to Orchids; The Dicotyledoneae of the natural crosses that Ohio Part 2: Linaceae through Campanulaceae; or The result may become less interesting over Dicotyledoneae of Ohio Part 3: Asteraceae. (See the Resources time. If showy flowers and color are the main objective, plan to section in the back of this bulletin for additional information.) reseed annuals every year. In a meadow or prairie garden, do this by slit seeding or raking. Disturbing the soil may bring weed seeds to Types of Landscapes to Consider the surface. Many of Ohio's native trees and shrubs are common compo­ nents of the nursery and landscape trade. While most of these native_ plants can be integrated successfully with exotic plants in nearly any style of landscape, a naturalistic landscape will maximize the benefits Wildlife of native plants. Naturalistic landscapes are generally informal, low As undeveloped land dwindles in Ohio, natural habitats will maintenance, and change with the seasons and the years. They attract continue to disappear. Not only is this a wildlife by providing them food and shelter. problem for native plant diversity, but also Plants listed in this bulletin are appropriate for two basic types for wildlife and birds. Many native plants of natural landscapes: prairie/meaclows and woodlands. Wetland rely on animals and insects for pollination plants are not covered in this bulletin. and seed dispersal. These native plants have, in For sunny, open areas consider establishing native prairie or exchange, been providing food, cover, and meadow piants. Prairie plants can be especially helpful for areas with forage for wildlife over many centuries. Berries, difficult growing conditions, including poor drainage and fluctuating nuts, and other fruits provide color for the winter moisture levels, dry or rocky soils, and low fertility. Meadows and landscape by themselves and through the birds prairies can create four-season interest, a refuge for wildlife, and a · and wildlife that feed on them. The right mix fairly low-maintenance landscape for a large area. f native plants can create a haven for A woodland landscape can be planned to create a sense of butterflies, birds, and 'other wildlife of Ohio, seclusion and privacy, to provide shelter from the elements, to \ while also enhancing the life and enjoyment preserve an existing native tree stand, or to accent a natural area such of a landscape. Preserving Native Plants Native Woody Plants Native plants are a special part of our state heritage and Obtaining Plants need to be preserved in the The majority of native Ohio trees and shrubs ·listed here are wild as much as possible. available in the trade, although it may be necessary to find a spe­ This can be accom­ cialty grower. Species, but no cultivars, are listed in this bulletin. plished by respecting Many fine cultivars may be available that offer improved or addi­ wild stands of these plants tional characteristics that native species.lack, such as more attractive and supporting measures that flowers, better form, or disease resistance. However, ifa cultivar was protect them. Biodiversity is not selected in a climate similar to Ohio's, it may not be adapted to important to the plant industry Ohio conditions. If you desire a selection native to Ohio, consider and can serve as a source for pest propagating plants from an existing wild stand. The Ohio Depart­ and disease resistance and other ment of Natural Resources Division of Forestry also offers several potentially useful traits. You can help species of trees and shrubs. These are produced from Ohio seed and/ preserve native plants by not collecting whole plants from the wild or cuttings. and by not buying from companies who collect from the wild. You may want to propagate your own native plants from About this List existing plants in your area. This will ensure a local genetics base This list includes large, medium, and small trees, woody vines, and plants adapted to your area. Here are some general guidelines and shrubs. To the best of our knowledge, all species listed Me native for collecting seed: to at least part of Ohio (see "distribution" for more specific details). Plants are alphabetized by scientific name. Common names are also • Always get permission from the landowner before collecting listed, but may vary regionally. The av.erage height at maturity is also seed. Never collect from state or national parks. It may be listed. possible to get permission to collect in arboretums and botanical If the plant has an especially showy flower, the last row gives gardens. information on its primary bloom season and flower color. Similarly, • Be sure you have properly identified the species. This is usually attractive fall foliage is indicated by "foliage:" followed by the easiest to do when the plant is in bloom. primary fall leaf colors. Note that wild species may vary in these • Before you start, know what to collect, when to collect, and how traits because of genetic diversity. to collect. Consult one or more references. "Availability" indicates whether the specific tree or shrub is • Never collect more than five percent of the seed in a wild available in the nursery trade or from the Ohio Department of population. If few seeds are available from natural populations, Natural Resources Forestry Division (ODNR). Some species in this locate a commercial source of the desired plant. bulletin are not readily available in the trade, but are provided as a • It is advisable to maintain genetic diversity by collecting from guide to species that may already exist on a site. several large, healthy populations if possible. Large Trees (50-100' or more)

Scientific Name Acernigrum Acerrubrum Acer saccharinum Acer saccharum Common Name black maple red maple silver maple sugar maple

Height 50-70' 40-60' 50-70' 50-70'

Ohio Distribution widespread widespread widespread widespread

Habitat rich woods, bottomlands moist areas, water margins, acid water margins and moist forests, floodplains; neutral to to neutral ,;oils bottomlands slightly acidic soils

Features May be more tolerant of urban Withstands wet or moist soil; Fast-growing and adaptable to Best in fertile, moist soils. Widely alkaline soils than A. rubrum. prefers acidic soils; chlorosis many soil conditions. Weak planted in home landscapes, but *(w) *(bd) possible in alkaline soils. *(w) wood. *(w) *(bd) not tolerant of urban conditions. *(bd) *(w) *(bd)

Availability trade/ODNR trade/ODNR trade trade/ODNR Flower Season & Color/ ..Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow foliage: red foliage: yellow foliage: yellow, orange

Scientific Name Aesculus fl.ava Betula lutea Betula nigra Carya cordiformis Common Name yellow buckeye yellow birch river birch bitternut hickory

Height 60-75' 50-75' 40-70' 50-75'

Ohio Distribution south northeast, south southcentral widespread

Habitat fertile hills and bottomlands moist woods, cool, wooded slopes acidic soils, flat sandy bottom­ woodlands, dry sites lands, water margins

Features Distinctive bark, flowers and fruit. Silvery yellow bark. exfoliates in Tolerant of wet and poor soils. Slender tree with sulfur-yellow Prefers deep, moist, well-drained curly plates. Does well in acidic to Iron chlorosis in alkaline soils. buds. Difficult to transplant. *(bd) soil. alkaline soils. *(bd) *(w) *(bd) *(w) *(w)

Availability trade trade Flower Season & Color/ Fall Foliage Color foliage: orange foliage: yellow foliage: yellow, brown foliage: yellow KEY: Q; =plant is toxic to humans. Features: (*x) =a particular food or cover benefit for ... *(bf)= butterflies; *(bf--1) =butterfly larvae; *(w) =wildlife *(bd) =songbirds; *(be)= honeybees; *(hb) =hummingbirds. Flower Season & Color/Fall Foliage Color: only fall color and flowers of ornamental significance are listed. Availability: ODNR =Ohio Division of Natural Resources forestry department seedling sales.

Carya ovata Carya tomentosa Celtis occidentalis Diospyros virginiana F agus grandifolia shagbark hickory mockernut hickory common hackberry common persimmon American beech

60--80' 50--60' 50--75' 35--60' 50--80' widespread northeast, south widespread south widespread moist or dry, well-drained loam rich, moist woodland, ridges, dry woods or sunny locations, rocky moist, sandy sites, rocky fields moist, well-drained areas hills limestone soils and pastures, bottomlands, woods

Slow growth; shaggy bark. Fragrant foliage. Difficult to Tolerates urban stress, alkaline Grows well on low fertility, dry Deep glossy leaves; smooth grey Adaptable. *(w) *(bd) transplant. *(w) *(bd) soils and a variety of soil textures. soils; good urban tree. Difficult to bark, shallow root system. Prefers *(bf-I) *(bd) *(w) transplant. *(w) *(bd) acidic soils. *(w) *(bd)

trade ODNR foliage: yellow foliage: yellow foliage: yellow foliage: yellow, violet foliage: yellow-brown ======t======t======l======:t:======Fraxinus americana Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus quadrangulata Gleditsia triacqnthos Gymnocladus dioicus - var. inermis-common white ash red or green ash blue ash thornless honeylocust Kentucky coffeetree

50--80' 50--60' 50--70' 30--70' 60--75' widespread widespread southwest, northwest widespread southwest, west water margins, moist areas water margins, moist bottom­ rocky areas, dry, limestone soils moist bottomlands, limestone water margins, bottomlands, lands, acidic soils soils, open or wooded pastures, floodplains; limestone soils rocky hillsides

Sensitive to moisture changes; Adaptable to a variety of Gray, fissured bark, gray buds, Tolerates salt, alkaline or acidic Handsome, rough bark. Tough pest and disease problems. environments including saline, Tolerates poor to excessive soils and drought conditfons. tree, will grow in dry or moist, dry or sterile soils. *(w) *(bd) drainage. Insect and disease problems. urban sites.

trade trade trade trade trade foliage: yellow, orange, violet foliage: yellow foliage: yellow foliage: yellow Large Trees (50-100' or more) (continued)

Scientific Name Juglans cinerea Juglans nigra Liquidambar styraciflua Liriodendron tulipifera Common Name butternut black walnut sweetgum tuliptree

Height 40-60' 50-75' 60-75' 70-90'

Ohio Distribution widespread widespread south widespread

Habitat moist woods fertile, moist or dry soils in wet lowlands, forests, water moist soils, water margins, forests forests, 10wlands or water margins, deep, fertile soils margins.

Features Slow grower; tolerates rocky, Must have fertile soils. Nuts and Brilliant fall foliage. Leave ample Fast grower; requires fertile soil. calcareous, dry soil. *( w) early leaf drop can be a nuisance. space for root system. *(hb) *(bf-I) Difficult to transplant. *(W)

Availabili1y trade trade trade trade

Flower Season & Color/ flower: spring; yellow-orange Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow, red, violet fohage: yellow, violet, red (varies) foliage: yellow, orange· -

Scientific Name Magnolia acuminata Morus rubra Platanus occidentalis Populus deltoides Common Name cucumbertree magnolia red mulberry sycamore eastern cottonwood

Height 50-80' 40-70' 75-100' 75-100'

Ohio Distribution east widespread widespread widespread

Habitat fertile woodland soils, water fertile, moist soils, floodplains, floodplains, water margins floodplains and bottomlands margins prairies, hills, pastures

Features Large (6-10") simple leaves and Colorful red or purple fruits. Tolerates flooding. Exfoliating Tolerates wet, dry or polluted unique red fruits. Tolerates poor drainage. *(w) bark and fruits can be a nuisance. sites. Rapid grower, but has soft, *(bd) weak wood. *(bt) *(bd) *(w)

Availabili1y trade trade Flower Season & Color/ Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow foliage: yellow foliage: yellow KEY: a =plant is toxic to humans. Features: (*x) = a particular food or cover benefit for ... *(bf) =butterflies; *(bf-1) =butterfly larvae; *(w) = wildlife *(bd) = songbirds; *(be)= honeybees; *(hb) =hummingbirds. Flower Season & Color/Fall Foliage Color: only fall color and flowers of ornamental significance are listed. Availability: ODNR =Ohio Division of Natural Resources forestry department seedling sales.

Populus grandidentata Prunus serotina Quercus alba Quercus bicolor Quercus coccinea bigtooth aspen wild black cherry white oak swamp white oak scarlet oak

50-70' 50-60' 50-80' 50-60' 70-75'

widespread widespread widespread widespread east, central, south

moist, fertile soils, water margins moist woods, rocky hillsides, deep, well-draiaed, acidic sites moist woodlands, bottomlands, dry, sandy or rocky soils wood borders, bottomlands beside water margins

Tolerates infertile, eroded, sandy Can be weedy; grows in a variety Tolerates variety of soils; drought Tolerates moisture and drainage Tolerates infertile, shallow or dry or gravely soil, and dry, sunny of soils. *(hb) *(bf-1) *(bd) resistant. Difficult to transplant. extremes-draughty to flooded. soils. Difficult to transplant. *( w) sites. Fast grower. *(bf)*(bd)*(w) *(bd) *(w) *(w) *(bd) *(bf-I) *(bf-1) *(bd)

trade trade trade

flower: spring; white foliage: yellow . foliage: yellow-red foliage: red, violet, brown foliage: yellow foliage: red

Quercus macrocarpa. Quercus muehlenbergii Quercus palustris Quercus rubrum Quercus sh~mardii - bur oak chinkapin oak pin oak red oak shumard red oak

70-80' 40-50' 60-70' 60-75' 40-60' north, westcentral west northcentral widespread west prairies, open areas, variety of dry hills, limestone outcrops, bottomlands, acid soils, wet clay well-drained woods, acid soils stream terraces, ravine slopes c'onditions bottomlands · flats

Tolerates a variety of soils, pH Does well in calcareous soils. Fast-grower; prefers moist soils; Fast-grower. *(w) *(bf-I) *(bd) Tolerates drought and alkaline levels and varying drainage Difficult to transplant. *(bd) *(w) tolerates standing water. Develops soils. *(bf-I) conditions. *(w) *(bf-1) *(bd) *(bf-1) chlorosis in high pH soils. *(w) *(bf-1) *(bd) trade trade trade trade trade

foliage: yellow, orange, brown foliage: red, brown foliage: red, brown foliage: red, brown Large Trees (50-100' or more) (continued)

Scientific Name Quercus velutina Robinia pseudoacacia Tilia americana American linden Common Name black oak black locust (basswood)

Height 30-60' 30-75' 60-80'

Ohio Distribution widespread south north

Habitat dry slopes or ridges, sandy soil wood borders, open pasture woods, prairies, open fields, moist soils

Features Can grow in a variety of soils Fragrant, attractive flowers; Fragrant flowers; prefers moist, including infertile, dry sand or quick-grower in most situations fertile, neutral soils. Very shade clay. Difficult to transplant. *(w) except very wet sites. Stems have tolerant; oval habit. *(be) *(bf-I) *(bd) 1/2-1/4 inch thorns. Considered weedy. *(bf-l)*(be)

Availability trade trade

Flower Season & Color/ flower: spring; white • Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow /f \ \ I

F" I (., t I I 1 ii Q11< rcus spp l ) 1i A few of the several species of oaks native to Ohio: (from left to right) burr oak (Quercus macrocarpa), chinkapin oak (Q. muehle11bergii), pin oak (Q. palustris), black oak (Q. velutina), and shingle oak (Q. imbricaria).

KEY: a =plant is toxic to humans. Features: (*x) =a particular food or cover benefit for... *(bf)= butterflies; *(bf-I)= butterfly larvae; *(w) =wildlife *(bd) =songbirds; *(be) honeybees; *(hb) =hummingbirds. Flower Season & Color/Fall Foliage Color: only fall color and flowers of ornamental significance are listed. Availability: ODNR =Ohio Division of Natural Resources forestry department seedling sales Medium Trees (30-50')

Acer negundo Aesculus glabra Magnolia macrophylla Nyssa sylvatica Populus tremuloides black tupelo (black gum boxelder Ohio lmckeye bigleaf magnolia or sour gum) quaking aspen

30-50' 20-40' 30-40' 30-50' 40-50' widespread widespread southcentral south, north, east north, southeast dry banks, wide range of soil types wet or m.oist woods deep ravines, moist or dry sites mountain ridges, abandoned fields moist areas, any soil type, slopes, rocky water margins

Vigorous grower, adaptable; Disease problems. Best in Wide, rounded tree; does best in Brilliant and early autumn color; Green-white bark; rapid grower considered weedy, but tolerates dry, natural setting. Ohio's state a large, open area. Rose-colored checkered, dark gray bark; prefers in moist, acidic soils. Disease infertile soils. *(bf)*(w)*(bd) tree. *(w) *(bd) *(bf) N fruits 3" long. Leaves up to 32" acidic soils. Difficult to transplant. and insect problems. *(w) long and 12" wide. *(bd) *(w) trade trade/ODNR trade trade

flower: spring; white foliage: yellow, orange foliage: red foliage: yellow

======~======+======±======±======·Quercus imbricaria Salix nigra shingie oak black willow

40-50' 35-50'

widespreaa widespread

acid soils, rocky water margins, along swamps, water margins uplands, floodplains

Thick, glossy leaves persist into Wetland species; tolerates winter; adaptable. *(bf-I) *(bd) flooding. Does well in alkaline *(w) soils. *(bf-I) *(bf) *(bd) *(w)

trade

foliage: yellow-brown, red foliage: yellow, green Small Trees/Large Shrubs (15-40')

Scientific Name Acer spicatum Amelanchier arborea Amelanchier laevis Asimina triloba downh serviceberry Common Name mountain maple (june erry) Allegheny serviceberry common pawpaw

Height 10-30' 15-25' 20-25' 15-20'

Ohio Distribution northeast, southeast east north widespread

Habitat shaded cliffs moist, well-drained soils wood borders, fertile woods, water margins, moist, fertile, deep slightly acidic, welJ-drained soils soils

Features Low-branching, bushy tree. Tolerates sun or shade and wet Graceful rounded shape, black Bark, foliage smells bad when Prefers moist, shaded, acidic and soils; red berries. *(hb) *(bd) fruits; tolerates shade. *(w) *(bd) bruised. Edible fruits ripen from undisturbed soils. green to brown. Shade tolerant; difficult to transplant. *(w)*(bf-1)

Availability trade trade

Flower Season & Color/ flower: spring; white flower: spring; white .. Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow, orange, red foliage: orange, red foliage: red, orange foliage: yellow Scientific Name Carpinus caro.liniana Cercis canadensis Chionanthus virginicus Cornus alternifolia Common Name American hornbeam eastern redbud fringe tree pagoda dogwood

Height 20-30' 20-30' 12-20' 15-25'

Ohio Distribution widespread south south east

Habitat understory woods, along rivers moist, open woods, wood borders woods, ravines, water margins, low woods, rocky slopes, acid and streams; acidic to neutral soils ledges; acidic soils soils

Features Smooth fluted gray bark. Tolerates a wide range of soil pH Clusters of fragrant flowers, blue Short-lived fragrant flowers and Tolerates shade, flooding and and moisture; full sun or light summer fruits. Adaptable. *(bd) blue-black fruits. Prefers mo_ist, varying moisture conditions. shade. Outstanding flowers. *(be) acidic soils, shaded sites. *(bd) Difficult to transplant. *(hb) *(w) *(bf-1)

Availability trade trade trade trade

Flower Season & Color/ flower: spring; pink flower: summer; white flower: spring; yellow Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow, orange, red foliage: yellow foliage: yellow KEY: a =plant is toxic to humans. Features: (*x) =a particular food or cover benefit for ... *(bf)= butterflies; *(bf-1) =butterfly larvae; *(w) =wildlife *(bd) =songbirds; *(be)= honeybees; *(hbf =hummingbirds. Flower Season & Color/Fall Foliage Color: only fall color and flowers of ornamental significance are listed. Availability: ODNR =Ohio Division of Natural Resources forestry department seedling sales.

Cornus drummondi Cornus florida Crateagus crusgalli roughleaf dogwood flowering dogwood cockspur hawthorn

20-30' 15-30' 20-30' southwest widespread scattered woods, more common in southern wood borders, fertile, acidic soils well-drained wood borders, rocky Craetagus crusgalli Ohio with good drainage pastures, dry, open rocky woods cockspur hawthorn Although covered .with formidable two-inch curved thorns, this small tree pro­ White fruits on red pedicels are Flowers before leaves, red fruits. Green, glossy leaves, 2" thorns vides food and cover to showy in autumn. May be Potential for disease problems. and persistent red fruits; pH and wildlife, and bears attrac­ maintained as a smaller shrub. *(bf-I) *(bd) *(w) soil adaptable. *(bd) *(w) tive orange-red fruits in the *(bd) fall. Culturally, cockspur hawthorn is a very adaptable tree. trade trade trade flower: spring; white flower: spring; white flower: spring; white foliage: red, violet foliage: orange, red, violet C. cru.1galli ======l======t======l======i======.. Crataegus phaenopyrum Crataegus punctata Euonymus atropurpureus Hamamelis virginiana Magnolia tripetala Washington hawthorn thicket hawthorn Eastern wahoo common witchhazel umbrella magnolia

25-35' 20-35' 12-24' 15-20' 15-30' southwest, eastcentral widespread widespread east south central water margins, open woods, wood open woods woods and sunny banks moist woods, ravine slopes rare in Ohio borders, open, rocky sites

Has 1-3" thorns, pleasant flowers Leaves are dull grayish green, red Attractive 4-lobed crimson fruit Interesting and fragrant flowers in Ill-scented flowers; red fall fruits. and persistent red fruits. *(hb) fruits ripen in early fall. Broad capsule in autumn. Since birds fall; shade tolerant; requires moist Large compound leaves; very *(bf) *(bd) crown. *(bd) *(w) rarely eat fruit, they persist. soils. coarse-textured.

trade trade trade trade flower: spring; white flower: spring; white flower: autumn; yellow flower: spring; green-yellow foliage: orange, red, violet foliage: red foliage: yellow Small Trees/Large Shrubs (15-40') (continued}

Scientific Name Malus coronaria Ostrya virginiana Oxydendrum arboreum Prunus virginiana American hophorn- Common Name American crabapple beam (ironwood) sourwood (or sorrel tree) common .chokecherry

Height 20-30' 25--40' 20-30' 20-30'

Ohio Distribution north widespread south north

Habitat abandoned fields, wood borders, understory woods woods, hillsides, well-drained well-drained sites, open wooded rocky streams gravely sites with acid soils slopes, wood borders, fields

Features Very susceptible to rust. Choose a Handsome, adaptable tree; Fragrant flowers; prefers acidic, Dark purple fruit; suckering. Best resistant cultivar of Malus instead. tolerates shaded, moist or dry humusy, moist soil with good in well-drained, neutral soils. sites. *(w) drainage. Intolerant of urban Attracts birds. *(bf) *(w) *(bd) pollution. *(bd)

Availability trade trade trade

Flower Season & Color/ flower: spring; white flower: summer; white ..Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow foliage: red, yellow, violet foliage: red Scientific Name Ptelea trifoliata Rhus copallina Rhus glabra Rhus typhina Common Name hop tree (or wafer-ash) flameleaf (shining) sumac smooth sumac staghorn sumac

Height 15-20' 20-30' 9-15' 15-20'

Ohiil Distribution west east, southwest widespread north, west, central

Habitat rocky bluffs, limestone soils, acid flats of southwest Ohio, Lake old fields, wood borders, prairies, old fields, wood borders, acid moist woods Erie area. rocky hillsides soils

Features Red-brown twigs, glossy leaves; Foliage dark green and glossy in Showy in fall; bright red fruit; wet Tolerates dry, infertile soil. fragrant flowers. Tolerates dry or summer, scarlet in fall. Useful for or dry soils. Suckering; forms Crimson fruit clusters; invasive, moist shade. *(hb) *(bd) *(w) dry, rocky places, large areas. colonies. *(w) *(bd) suckering; requires full sun. *(w) May be invasive. *(w) *(bd)

Availability trade trade trade Flower Season & Color/ Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow foliage: red foliage: red, orange, violet foliage: red, orange KEY: ~ =plant is toxic to humans. Features: (*x) = a particular food or cover benefit for ... *(bf) =butterflies; *(bf-I) =butterfly larvae; *(w) = wildlife *(bd) = songbirds; *(be)= honeybees; *(hb) =hummingbirds. Flower Season & Color/Fall Foliage Color: only fall color and flowers of ornamental significance are listed. Availability: ODNR =Ohio Division of Natural Resources forestry department seedling sales.

Salix discolor Sambucus canadensis Sambucus pubens Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum alnifolium (or lantanoides) pussy willow common elder scarlet elder mapleleaf viburnum hobblebush

15-20' 8-10' 12-15' 4-6' 9--12' widespread widespread northeast east northeast marshy, swampy ground, river moist or dry fertile soils in rocky woods shaded woods or roadsides moist woods, ravines margins meadows, swamps, woods, fields; acid-neutral

Buds open early in spring to Dark purple berry cluster in late Shade tolerant and adaptable to Tolerates shade and dry, moist or I" flowers; red fruits mature to reveal furry catkins. Good for summer; often top heavy. Suckers different soil textures and pH rocky soils; shiny black fruits in blue-black in September. Shade poorly drained sites. Invasive. profusely. Flat-topped flower levels. Arching branches with red September. Suckering. *(w) tolerant. *(w) *(bf) *(bf-I) *(be) *(bd) cluster. *(bd) *(bf)*(w) poisonous fruit. Flowers in loose short spikes. *(bd) *(w) trade trade trade A flower: spring; green-white flower: spring; green-white flower: spring; yellow-white flower: spring; white foliage: yellow-green foliage: red, violet foliage: red, violet ======+======t======t======t======II Viburnum dentatum Viburnum lentago Viburnum prunifolium Viburnum trilobum American cranberry­ arrowwood viburnum nannyberry viburnum blackhaw viburnum bush viburnum

8-15' 15-18' 12-15' 8-12' southcentral north northeast moist woods woods, wood borders, roadsides, dry, calcareous soils, wood wet woods, by lakes and streams open rocky pastures; any soil pH borders, woods, steep hillsides

Soil pH adaptable; 2-4" diameter Shade or sun, moist or dry; blue Wine red fall foliage, pink berries Lobed leaves, 3-4" flower flower clusters; blue fruits turn berries mature to black; 3-4" mature to black; shade, alkaline clusters, persistent edible red black in fall. *(bd) flowers. *(bd) *(w) soils and drough.t conditions. fruits; shade tolerant. *(w) *(bd) *(bd) *(w) trade trade trade trade flower: spring/summer; white flower: spring; white flower: spring; white flower: spring; white foliage: yellow, red, violet foliage: violet, red foliage: red, violet foliage: yellow, red, violet Shrubs (1-25')

Scientific Name Aralia spinosa Aronia mewnocarpa Ceanothus americanus Cephawnthus occidentalis Common Name devils-walkingstick black chokeberry . New Jersey tea buttonbush

Height 10-20' 3-5' 3-4' 3-15'

Ohio Distribution south widespread east widespread

Habitat rocky pastures, open woods, acidic soils dry, open woods, prairies, acidic swamps, water margins, bogs wood borders, acidic, well­ soils drained soils

Features Very low maintenance; adaptable. Grows well in any environment Tolerates some shade and dry Requires moist soil; tolerates Does well in dry; rocky or moist, from bogs to dry slopes; black areas; low-growing. Requires acid standing water. Spherical, white fertile soils. Purple fruits; coarse fruit; suckering. *(bd) *(w) soils. *(bf) *(hb) flowers. *(bf) in winter; suckering; covered with prickles. *(bd) *(w)

Availability trade trade trade trade

Flower Season & Color/ flower: summer; white flower: summer; white Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow, violet foliage: red, violet

- Scientific Name Clethra alnifolia Comptonia peregrina Cornus amomum Common Name sweet pepperbush sweetfern silky dogwood ·

Height 3-8' 2-4' 6-10'

Ohio Distribution north north north, south

Habitat swamps, moist woods oak woods, pastures, roadsides woods, water margins, swamp borders

Features Fragrant flowers; tolerates shade Fern-like leaves are aromatic. Attractive, but short-lived blue and wet soil. Prefers acidic soils. Does well on sandy or infertile fruits in late summer; does well in *(bf) *(be) soils. Difficult to transplant. Do moist soil. Becomes open and not disturb in the wild. *(w) *(bd) straggly with age. *(bd) *(w)

Availability trade trade trade

Flower Season & Color/ flower: summer; white Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow, brown KEY: a =plant is toxic to humans. Features: (*x) =a particular food or cover benefit for ... *(bf)= butterflies; *(bf-1) =butterfly larvae; *(w) =wildlife *(bd) =songbirds; _*(be)= honeybees; *(hb) =hummingbirds. Flower Season & Color/Fall Foliage Color: only fall color and flowers of ornamental significance are listed. Availability: ODNR =Ohio Division of Natural Resources forestry department seedling sales.

Cornus racemosa Cornus sericea Corylus americana gray dogwood redosier dogwood American filbert

10-15' 7-9' 6-12'

widespread northeast widespread Camus racemosa gray dogwood swamps, sunny areas, open swamps roadsides, moist woods, dry, Creamy, white summer woods, wood borders, hilltops rocky slopes, prairie borders flowers are followed by white berries on eye-catch­ ing red pedicels. The pedicels provide winter Gray stems, pink-red pedicels add Bright red branches in winter. Showy 1.5-3" long male catkins interest in the landscape. winter interest, white berries in Suckering. Adaptable; good for in early spring. Spreads to form Another similar species is fall. Tolerates shade and moist or erosion control. *(w) large, dense colonies. *(w) *(bd) C. racemosa Camus drummondi. It has dry soils. Suckering. *(w)*(bd) all the same attractions as gray dogwood C. racemosa, but tends to sucker less. Both species trade trade may be grown in shade or sun. flower: spring; white foliage: red, violet foliage: violet foliage: yellow, orange II Dienilla lonicera Dirca palustris Gaylussacia baccata Hydrangea arborescens Ilex verticillata dwarf bush-honeysuckle leatherwood huckleberry smooth hydrangea commonwinterberry

3-5' 3-6' 3-4' 3-5' 6-10' northeast south east, northwest south widespread open woods, wood borders moist, fertile woods dry acidic woods, bogs, openings moist, fertile, shady areas swamps, wet woods, acidic soils with sandy soil

Low, spreading shrub with Dark, glossy leaves; flowers early Spreads to form colonies. Black Shade tolerant; showy 4-6" Bright red persistent fruits add flowers in clusters of three; turns spring. Best in moist shaded area berries. in late summer. *(w) flower disks. Cut back annually winter interest; tolerates wet or dull red in fall; grows in any soil with deep, humusy soil. for best results. Does well on acid dry sites; prefers acidic soils. including rocky, sandy or clay. or alkaline soil. Male and female plant required Shade tolerant. Adaptable. for fruit. *(bd) *(w) trade trade trade trade flower: summer; yellow flower: spring; red flower: summer; white foliage: red foliage: yellow 1 S~trubs (1-25 ) {continued!i

Sciuntific Name Lindera benzoin Myrica pensylvanica Physocarpus opulifolius Potentilla fruticosa Common Name spicebush northern bayberry common ninebark bush -cinquefoil

Hei;Jht 6-12' 6-9' 5-10' 1--4'

Ohi:> Distribution widespread northeast widespread scattered

Habitat fertile, moist woods beaches and bogs, water margins; sandy or rocky banks, bogs, wet meadows, bogs, shores acidic soils limestone cliffs

Features All parts of plant aromatic. Bright Gray-white waxy berries persist in Red fruits in fall, exfoliating bark. Tolerates wet, dry, infertile and red fruits in fall. Adapts to variety winter. Grows on sandy or Adapts to acid or alkaline soils, alkaline soils. Flowers best in full of exposures and soils. *(bf-I) infertile soils. Salt-tolerant. dry or wet sites. *(w) sun. *(bf) *(w) *(bd)

Avoilability trade trade trade trade

Flower Season & Color/ flower: spring; yellow flower: spring; white flower: summer; yellow Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow

Scientific. Name Rhododendron nudiflorum Rhus aromatica Rosa carolina Rosa palustris (or R. periclymenoides) Common Name pinxter flower fragrant sumac Carolina rose swamp rose

Height 2-6' 2--4' 3-6' 3-7'

Ohio Distribution southcentral scattered widespread widespread

Habitat open woods, oak woods, swamp~ dry or rocky woods, hills dry, open woods, hills, prairies, swamps, wet ditches and shallow swamp borders streams.

Features Tolerates wet or dry sites, prefers Tolerates dry, infertile soils, Single 2.5" pink flowers, red hips; Minutely serrated leaves, curving acid soils; fragrant, showy partial shade or sun; aromatic suckering. *(w) thorns; flowers 1.5-2.5". *(w) flowers. Do not disturb in the leaves; red fruit. Spreading plant wild! *(hb) *(bf) A creates fast cover.. *(w) *(bd)

Availability trade trade

Flower 'ieason & Color/ flower: spring; pink flower: spring; yellow flower: summer; pink flower: summer; pink Fall FolkJge Color foliage: orange, red, violet foliage: red KEY: a =plant is toxic to humans. Features: (*x) =a particular food or cover benefit for ... *(bt) =butterflies; *(bf-I)= butterfly larvae; *(w) =wildlife *(bd) =songbirds; *(be)= honeybees; *(hb) =hummingbirds. Flower Season & Color/Fall Foliage Color: only fall color and flowers of ornamental significance are listed. Availability: ODNR =Ohio Division of Natural Resources forestry department seedling sales.

Rosa setigera Rubus odoratus Spiraea tomeniosa Staphylea trifolia Symphoricarpos a/bus prairie rose flowering raspberry steeplebush American bladdernut common snowberry

3-4' 8-10' 2-4' 19-15' 3-6' widespread east northeast, southcentral widespread south, northeast prairies moist or rocky, shaded slopes meadows, old fields, infertile low shady, dry, rocky wood borders woods, dry, disturbed land, areas limestone and clay

Large, spreading shrub for Large, fragrant flowers, deep Dense, steeple-shaped 2-3" long Upright, dense shrub with striped Best in shaded, moist or dry soils; planting on banks; sing!~ 2" green foliage, red fruit. Shade flower clusters. *(bf-I) *(bd) bark; prefers shade and moisture. white berries persist into winter; flowers. tolerant. *(bf) *(bd) *(w) Suckering. *(w) adaptable. Suckering. *(w) *(bd)

trade trade trade flower: summer; pink flower: summer; violet · flower: summer/autumn; pink flower: summer; pink foliage: red, yellow, orange

Vaccinium angustifolium Vaccinium corymbosum Viburnum cassinoides lowbush blueberry highbush blueberry witherod viburnum

1-2' 6-12' 5-6' northeast riortheast northeast dry, sandy or rocky uplands bogs, swamps, water margins, dry swamps, wet woods, acidic soils oak woods

Spreads to 2' and forms dense Dark green foliage and excellent Dense shrub with 2-5" flower colonies. Blue-green summer fall color. Dark blue berries; clusters and attractive fruits that foliage. Does well in dry, acidic, susceptible to chlorosis in alkaline change from green to pink to red infertile soils; shade and flood soils. *(w) *(bd) to blue to black. Emerging leaves tolerant. Sweet berries. *(w) *(bd) are tinted with bronze or purple. *(w) *(bd) \'ucciniun1 u>n'!JJ!unun1 trade trade trade h11'11hu,h hlucht'l n flower: spring; white flower: spring; white flower: spring; white foliage: red foliage: yellow, orange, red foliage: orange, red, violet Conifers

Scientific Name Juniperus communis Juniperus virginiana Larix laricina Pinus strobus Common Name common juniper eastern red cedar eastern larch white p,ine

Height 5-10' 40-50' ~0-80' 50-80'

Ohio Distribution northeast widespread northeast northeast, central

Habitat rock outcroppings, dry or infertile steep rocky land, calcareous cliffs, wet soil, bogs, water margins, well-drained sites, acidic soils soils worn and eroding land, waste acidic soils places

Features Tolerates wide range of soils and Needs sun, tolerates moist or dry Large deciduous tree, prefers Rapid and irregular growth. conditions; blue-green ascending sites, acidic or alkaline soils; a moist, acidic soils; grows best in Requires moist, fertile, acidic soil. and sprawling branches. Needs pioneer plant. *(w)*(bd) well-drained, upland sites. Not tolerant of urban stress or full sun. Do not disturb in the poor drainage. *(w) *(bd) wild. *(bd} *(w)

Availability trade trade trade Flower Season & Color/ Ell Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow Scientific Name Taxus canadensis Thuja ·occidentalis '&uga canadensis Common Name Canadian yew eastern arborvitae Canada hemlock

·Height 3-6' 40-60' 30-45'

Ohio Distribution northeast, eastcentral southcentral west

Habitat wooded bluffs, cliffs; boggy swamps, bogs ravines, stream bluff and steep woods slopes

Features. Prostrate, sprawling shrub; good Tolerates shade, moisture Dense, pyramidal tree; prefers for cool, shaded situations. Other extremes and calcareous soils. moist, aCidio soils. Intolerant of Many cultivars of species of Taxus are horticultur- hot, dry sites. *(w)*(bd) conifers are available ally superior. that differ greatly from A native species in size Availability trade trade trade and form. Flower Season & Color/ Fall Foliage Color Broadleaf Evergreens

Kalmia latifolia Rhododendron maximum Rhododendron roseum northern roseshell mountain laurel rosebay rhododendron ·azalea

5-8' 8-12' southeast southcentral southcentral and northeast boggy areas, acidic soils deep ravines, acidic soils acidic soils, in oak woods

Dark, shiny, leathery leaves; Large, leathery leaves; intolerant Fragrant.flowers. Occurs in moist, cool, acidic, well-drained of poor drainage. Best in shaded, patches: soils. Shade tolerant, but flowers moist, acidic soils. better in sun. A trade trade specialty flower: spring/Su; pink-white flower: spring/Su; white-pink flower: spring/summer; pink • Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel

Mountain laurel is native in several counties along eastern Ohio, as far north as Holmes county. The flowers of this plant are very showy and plentiful. Mountain laurel can grow in shady conditions, is easy to trans­ plant and prefers moist soils.

Mountain laurel was labeled by Dr. Emma Lucy Braun as "one of America's most beautiful shrubs." Michael Dirr says that the flowers of this shrub are "Individually the most beautiful flower I know di, especially as the buds are opening."

KEY: A =plant is toxic to humans. Features: (*x) =a particular food or cover benefit for... *(bf)= butterflies; *(bf-1) =butterfly larvae; *(w) =wildlife *(bd) =songbirds; *(be) honeybees; *(hb) =hummingbirds. Flower Season & Color/Fall Foliage Color: only fall color.and flowers of ornamental significance are Fsted. Availability: ODNR =Ohio Division of Natural Resources forestry department seedling sales Vines and Groundcovers (See herbaceous list for additional groundcovers.)

Scientific Name Campsis radicans Clematis virginiana Gaultheria procumbens Lonicera sempervirens checkerberry or creep­ Common Name trumpet creeper virgin's bower ing wintergreen trumpet honeysuckle

Height 30-40' 12- 20' 6" 10- 20'

Ohio Distribution widespread widespread east scattered

Habitat open fields, waste places wood borders, open woods and acidic soils, slopes woods, wood borders moist p!aces

Features Aggressive vine with showy Climbing vine with fragrant, Creeping, evergreen woady Rapid-growing, twining vine with flowers. Tolerates a wide range of white flowers in many clusters. groundcover. Leaves turns reddish showy trumpet-like flowers, red soils. *(hb) *(bf) *(be) Autumn fruits are silvery grey, white in fall, red fruit persists. berries. *(hb) feather-like plumes, 3-6" long. Contact with plant may cause a skin rash. Availability trade trade trade

Flower Season & Color/ flower: summer; orange-red flower: summer/autumn; white flower: spring- summer; pink flower: spring; red ..Fall Foliage Color foliage: red Scientific Name Parthenocissus quinquefolia Common Name Virginia creeper

- ' Height 30-50' '

Ohio Distribution widespread - - >~r Habitat moist, shaded areas ri, 'l

Features Brilliant fall foliage with blue/ (1a11/tlwna pror·11111hl'11s I black berries; vigorous grower in chcckcrbcrry ? f. sun or shade. Very adaptable; can "' .. be invasive. *(bd) KEY: A = plant is toxic to humans. Features: (*x) =a particular food or cover benefit for ... *(bf) = Availability trade butterflies; *(bf-I)= butterfly larvae; *(w) =wildlife *(bd) =songbirds; *(be) honeybees; *(hb) = hummingbirds. Flower Season & Color/Fall Foliage Color: only fall color and flowers of ornamental significance are listed. Availability: ODNR =Ohio Division of Natural Resources forestry department Flower Season & Color/ seedling sales Fall Foliage Color foliage: red Native Herbaceous Plants growing interest. Check with local nursery suppliers or write to one of the groups referenced in the resource section in the back of this bulletin. Native herbaceous plants may be useful in one or more of Generally, native plants do not transplant well; many have the following situations: sensitive or very deep roots. Transplanting is not recommended and • wild flower meadows will probably lead to poor performance in the landscape. Help · • prairies preserve native wildflower stands by not collecting whole plants • storm water basins, runoff areas, riparian zones and by not purchasing wildflowers that have been collected unless • perennial borders the wild habitat is about to be destroyed. It is against the law to • wetland or pond borders collect plant material from public parks. • locations with growing limitations such as poor drainage, low fertility, dry soils About this List • informal, naturalistic landscapes This list includes fems, grasses, and wildflowers, but not • golf courses aquatic plants. To the best of our knowledge, all species listed are • roadsides native to part or all of Ohio. Check local resources if you want a • parks plant native to your county-a plant native to Lake County may or • landfill site reclamation may not be native to Hamilton County. By no means is this list all­ • corporate parks inclusive. It includes only native plants that are easy to cultivate, have landscape appeal, and are available in Ohio. Plants are alpha- Woodland plants are specifically suited to the following betized by scientific name. Common names are also listed, but may m'!ll situations: vary regionally. Average heights are given as an approximation, as mM these may vary among natural populations and different environ- • shady sites ments. • woodland or shade gardens "Availability" indicates whether the specific plant is available • streamsides with tree cover in the trade as plants or as seed. "Specialty dealers" indicates the plant is available from specialty nurseries and seed suppliers who Obtaining Herbaceous Plants specialize in wildflowers and native plants. Most annual plants, and some perennials, can easily be grown by seed. It may take a few years for perennials to establish themselves well. Many companies provide their own custom mixes. If purchasing a commercial "native" seed mix, be aware that the definition of "native plant" can vary. Native mixes may include species native to the region or the U.S., but n:ot native to Ohio. Cultivars of native species may be available .in the trade that offer superior flower color, size, diseas.e resistance, or other characteristics. As previously noted, some selections may not be appropriate for Ohio, but probably most are. Consider the avail­ able cultivars, especially for formal and residential landscapes. Woodland flowers may be especially difficult to find, but many suppliers and new businesses are beginning to serve this (All plants are perennial unless otherwise noted in "features." Herbaceous Vines and Creepers See woody list for additional vines and groundcovers.)

Scientific Name Adlumia fungosa Mitchella repens Phlox stolonifera Phlox subulata Common Name climbing fumitory partridge-berry creeping phlox moss phlox

Height vme creeper creeper creeper

Bloom Time summer spring/summer spring spring

Flower Color pink white blue, violet pink

Habitat rocky clearings dry or moist woods moist woodlands, deep fertile dry, sandy places; rocky slopes, soils slightly acidic soils

Features Climbs up to JO'; sac-like Ornamental evergreen foliage, red Best in partial shade, makes an Evergreen foliage; effective drooping flowers; foliage bluish­ berries; requires acidic soils. excellent groundcover and groundcover for stabilizing green and 3-lobed. Biennial. Do Excellent groundcover beneath responds to mulching. *(bf) erodible soils; tolerates shady, not disturb in the wild! shrubs. infertile or rocky sites. *(bf)

II Availability specialty dealers trade trade trade Scientific Name Potentilla simplex Waldensteinia fragarioides Common Name common cinquefoil barren strawberry

Height creeper creeper

Bloom Time spring. spring

Flower Color yellow yellow

Habitat dry clearings woods, clearings Phlox suhulata moss phlox

Features Low and spreading with pal­ Fruits are small and inedible. mately compound leaves up to Though not commercially KEY: a =plant is toxic to humans. Features: *(x) = a 2.5" long. Does well on dry, available, can be easily propa­ food or cover benefit for ... *(bf) =butterflies, *(bf-I) = butterfly infertile soils. gated by cuttings and grows in larvae, *(w) =wildlife; *(bd) =songbirds; *(be) honeybees; nearly any soil or situation. *(hb) = hummingbirds. "Do not disturb in the wild." = plant is endangered ( ! !), threatened ( !), or potentially threatened (.) Availability specialty dealers 11 11 Low-Growing Plants (3 -12 ) (All plants are perennial unless otherwise noted in "features.")

Anemone canadensis Asarum canadense Chimaphila maculata Cornus canadensis Dicentra cucullaria Canada anemone wild ginger spotted wintergreen bunchberry Dutchman's breeches

4-10" 6-12" 3-9" 7-8" 4--12" spring spring spring-summer spring spring white/blue red/brown white/pink white/yellow white prairies, clearings fertile woods, neutral to calcare- dry woods, acidic soils bogs, swamps and wet woodlands fertile woods ous soils (mainly in northeast Ohio)

Easy to grow in moist areas with Unique red-brown, three pointed Fragrant, waxy flowers in small Flowers reseml)ling those of Fragrant, pantaloon-shaped partial shade or full sun. Can flowers grow at ground level. clusters; evergreen leaves are flowering dogwood sit above a flowers on a leafless stalk over become invasive. Spreads into attractive mottled with white; brown cluster of"'whorled" leaves. Red feathery gray-green foliage that groundcover; aromatic rhizomes. capsules persist all winter. fruits. · dies back after flowering. Dormant in summer. *(be) specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers

Erythronium americanum Fragaria vesca Hepatica acutiloba Hepatica americana Iris cristata American trout lily wood strawberry sharp-lobed hepatica round-lobed hepatica crested dwarf iris

4--10" 3-6" 4--6" 4-6" 4-9" spring spring spring spring spring yellow white violet/pink/white violet/pink/white violet fertile woods, meadows woods moist, calcareous woods dry, rocky woods; neutral to wooded hillsides and ravines acidic soils

Lily-shaped 1-2" flower; leaves Resembles common strawberry Handsome 3-lobed, evergreen Handsome 3-lobed: basal Creates an interesting mottled with brown. Responds to with smaller fruits ( 1/2"). An leaves; requires moist, humusy evergreen leaves and showy early groundcover or low border. Best humus or mulch additions. effective groundcover. soils and light shade. spring flowers. in shade and infertile, well­ drained soils. specialty dealers trade specialty dealers specialty dealers trade 11 11 Low-Growing Plants (3 -12 } (continued)

Scientific Name Opuntia humifusa Sanguinaria canadensis Tiarella cordifolia Viola blanda Common Name prickly pear bloodroot foam flower sweet white violet

Height 12" 3-6" 6-12" 3-5"

Bloom Time spring-summer spring spring spring

Flower Color yellow white white white

Habitat dry, sandy areas, open rocky sites fertile woods fertile, moist woods, slightly water margins, acidic soils moist, fertile woods

Features Cactus with few showy, waxy Pleasant, lobed, green foliage lasts Evergreen foliage with burgundy Fragrant white flowers with flowers and fruits that ripen to into late summer; flowers short- veins turns bronze in winter; purple veins; spreads by runners. purple and red-brown. Requires Jived, but rebloom several times. feathery flower clusters. Forms *(bf-I) full sun and well-drained soils. large masses in moist, shaded, Do not disturb in the wild. humusy soils .

Availability trade specialty dealers trade

Scientific Name Viola cucullata Viola pubescens Viola sororio Viola striata • (or V. obliqua) (or V. papilionacea) Common Name marsh blue violet common yellow violet common blue violet common white violet

Height 3-8" 3-8" 3-8" 4-16"

Bloom Time spring spring spring spring

Flower Color blue violet. blue/white white

Habitat swamps, other wet areas moist or dry woodlands moist woods or meadows, moist woodlands, water margins, roadsides roadsides

Features Pale green foliage spreads to Yellow flowers are sometimes Vigorous grower in sun or partial Flowers white or cream-colored create groundcover; shade tinged with purple or brown. The shade; aggressive and fragrant. with dark purple veins. *(bf-I) tolerant; aggressive. *(bf-I) plant is covered with small, soft *(bf-I) hairs. *(bf-1)

Availability trade specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers Medium Height Plants (4"-36") (All plants are perennial unless otherwise noted in "features.")

Allium cernuum Anaphalis margaritacea Anemone virginiana Aquilegia canadensis Arisaema atrorubens nodding pink onion pearly everlasting thimbleweed wild columbine Jack-in-the-pulpit

12-24" 12-36" 24-36" 12-24" 12-24"

summer summer summer spring spring

pink/white white white yellow/red green

rocky, open woods or prairies dry meadows, roadsides, waste dry or rocky woods and wood rocky, wooded or open hillsides moist woods and swamps places borders

Flowers in nodding umbel; may White, woolly stem with gray Up to nine 5-petaled flowers, l" Showy, drooping bell shaped Unique leaves create a hood for be rose or white. Best in moist leaves and flat clusters of white in diameter; I" thimble-like flowers are red and yellow. May flower spike and attractive red humusy soils. flowers; drought tolerant and slow clusters of seed. not flower first year or two; berries in autumn. Needs constant to establish. *(bf) reseeds itself. *(hb)*(be) moisture; amend clay soils with compost.

specialty dealers trade specialty dealers trade trade

Asclepias incarnata Asclepias tuberosa swamp milkweed butterfly weed Asclepias spp. milkweed and butterflies 12-36' 12-36' Few plants attract butterflies like Asclepias. To attract butterflies to moist or wet areas, use Asclepias incarnata (swamp milkweed) or Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed). For dry, sunny, infertile spring summer conditions, switch to Asclepias tuberosa (butterfly weed). Common and swamp milkweed are aggressive growers and best in a natural­ pink/white orange ized area, but butterfly weed is less aggressive and offers brilliant -- summer color. For best results, resist the urge to fertilize or mulch moist meadows, river bottoms dry clearings, roadsides, meadows ~~ butterfly weed. (Moisture will promote root rot in this prairie flower).

Grayish or deep green leaves; Showy bright clusters of flowers best in acidic soils. *(bf) and dark green leaves. Requires KEY: A =plant is toxic to humans. Features: *(x) = a food well-drained soils. *(bf) or cover benefit for ... *(bf) =butterflies, *(bf-I) =butterfly larvae, 1\. 111hcm111 *(w) =wildlife; *(bd) =songbirds; *(be) honeybees; *(hb) = huttcr1h wc1~u hummingbirds. "Do not disturb in the wild." =plant is endan­ gered(!!), threatened(!), or potentially threatened(.) specialty dealers trade 11 Medium Height Plants (4 -36 11 ) (continued)

Scientific Name Aster azure us (or Aster Aster divaricatus ·Aster ericoides Caltha palustris oolentangiensis) Common Name sky blue aster white wood aster white heath aster marsh marigold

Height 24--36" 12-36' 12-24" 12-24"

Bloom Time summer/autumn summer/autumn summer/autumn spring

Flower Color blue white white yellow

Habitat dry prairies, open woods dry, open woods dry prairies swamps, wet or moist meadows, water margins

Features Does well in moist or very dry Purple-black branches; shade Spreads by rhizomes to form short 2" flowers and basal.leaves are soils; shade-tolerant in dry soils. tolerant. *(bf) bushy clumps with small, white shiny and succulent. Requires Green-blue arrow-shaped foliage. flowers. Withstands very dry moist, organic soil; sun or partial *(bf) soils. *(bf) shade. Tolerates standing water.

- Availability specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers Scientific Name . Chamaelirium luteum Chelone gwbra Dodecatheon meadia Euphorbia corolwta Common Name fairy wand turtlehead shooting star flowering spurge

Height 12-36" 12-36" 8-20" 10..-36"

Bloom Time spring/summer summer spring spring-autumn

Flower Color white white pink/violet white

Habitat moist meadows, fertile woods wet woods, water margins, moist, fertile woods, meadows or dry, open woods, fields, roadsides bottomlands prairies

Features Separate male and female plants; l" long flowers resemble turtle 8-20 nodding flowers in an Flowers in loose clusters; long, densely packed 4-5" long, arched heads; grows best in full sun and umbel; spinach-like leaves dark green leaves. Prefers sandy spike of flowers. Prefers shade. moist soils. *(bf-1) *(be) disappear after flowers form. soils. · *(bf) Grow on well-drained, shaded site with humusy soil. *(be)

Availability specialty dealers trade trade trade KEY: A: =plant is toxic to humans. Features: *(x) =a food or cover benefit for ... *(bf) =butterflies, *(bf-I)= butterfly larvae, *(w) =wildlife; *(bd) =songbirds; *(be) honeybees; *(hb) =hummingbirds. "Do not disturb in the wild." =plant is endangered(!!), threatened ( !), or potentially threatened(.)

Gentiana andrewsii Geranium maculatum Gillenia trifoliata Helianthus occidentalis Heuchera americana clo&ed gentian wild geranium bowman's root western sunflower alum root

12-24" 12-24" 24-36" 24-36" 24-36" autumn spring spring/summer summer spring blue violet/pink white yellow yellow-green moist woods and meadows fertile wood~ or meadows fertile, well-drained woods, wood dry prairies woods, shaded or rocky hillsides borders

Dark, bottle-like flowers nearly 1" flowers in loose clusters of 2-5 Large masses of star-shaped Bright flowers on leafless stalks Handsome, deep green foliage closed at the tips, borne in tight flowers; adapts to sun or shade. flowers; red calyces persist after bloom for long periods in late mottled with purple 'persists into clusters; grows in wet, sunny Best.in humusy soil. flowers drop. Tolerates dry soils, summer. Grows in very dry soils; early winter. Best in humusy soils areas. Challenging to grow. but does best in moist, shaded spreads slowly. Do riot disturb in with good drainage. areas. the wild. *(bd) trade trade specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers

Iris versicolor Iris shrevei Lupinis perennis Mertensia virginica northern blue flag southern blue flag wild lupine Virginia bluebells

24-36" 24-36" 8-24" 8-24" spring spring spring spring violet violet blue blue wet meadows, wetlands, water wooded swamps, wet woods dry, open woods and fields with moist woods margins sandy, acidic soil.

Grows in full sun or partial shade, Similar to I. versicolor, but has an Pea-like flowers in upright Pink buds open to light blue, but must have moisture. Tolerates orange blotch at base of sepals clusters; palmately compound trumpet-shaped flowers. Gray-· Iris shrn·ei standing water. NatiJe to northern and smaller petals. More leaves. Tolerates dry, acidic soils. green foliage dies back by southern hluc nag counties only. widespread in Ohio. Do not disturb in the wild. *(bf-I) summer, creating potential voids in the landscape. specialty dealers trade trade ME~dium Height Plants (4 11 -36n) {continued)

Scientific Name Phlox divaricata Podophyllum peltatum Polemonium reptans Pycnantheum incanum

Common Nome wild blue phlox mayapple creeping Jacob's ladder hoary mountain mint

Hein ht 10-20" 12-18" 12-15" 12-36"

Blocim Time spring spring spring/summer summer

flov1er Color blue white blue white/violet

Habitat fertile woods, meadows fertile, humusy woods and moist moist meadows woods and wood borders clearings under tree cover

All parts poisonous except ripe features Fragrant flowers in loose clusters fruit. Solitary, nodding flower be­ Bell shaped flowers on a mounded "Powdered" leaves; flower heads are blue, purple or white; prefers neath two glossy, green leaves rip­ plant. Does best in a moist, well­ aromatic when crushed. *(bf) partial shade and responds to ens to large edible yellow fruit. drained soil. Makes a nice mulching. *(bd) *(hb) *(b~ Vigorous colonizer forms striking groundcover. *(be) groundcover in shade. A

.,.. Availability trade specialty dealers trade specialty dealers --======t======t=====~====~======Scie:ntific Name Rudbeckia hirta Rudbeckia triloba Silene regia Silene stellata Common Name black-eyed Susan three-lobed coneflower royal catchfly starry campion

Hei,~ht 12-36" 12-36" 12=-36" 12-36"

Bloom Time summer-autumn summer-autumn spring summer

Flower Color yellow yellow red white

Habitat meadows, prairies, open woods meadows, prairies, open woods fertile prairies, open, dry woods open woods

Features Does best in well-drained, Plant blooms for two months or Bright red, short-stalked flowers; Deeply fringed l" star-like infertile soils-do not fertilize. more. Acts as a biennial. Best in sticky hairs trap insects. Do not flowers on 2-3' spikes; excellent · Tolerates dry soils; reseeds itself. fertile, moist soil. disturb in wild. *(hb) for woodland garden in full sun 01 *(bf) light shade. Prefers fertile, well­ drained soil. *(bf)

Availability trade specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers KEY: ~ =plant is toxic to humans. Features: *(x) =a food or cover benefit for... *(bf) =butterflies, *(bf-I)= butterfly larvae, *(w) =wildlife; *(bd) =songbirds; *(be) honeybees; *(hb) =hummingbirds. "Do not disturb in the wild."= plant is endangered(!!), threatened(!), or potentially threatened(.)

Sisyrinchium angustifolium Solidago nemoralis Tovara virginiana Tradescantia virginiana (S. graminoi.des, S. bermudiana) pointed blue-eyed grass grey goldenrod tovara spiderwort

4-20" 12-24" 20-24" 8-24" spring summer/autumn spring blue/violet yellow violet meadows, open woods, water infertile, dry prairies or waste fertile woods wood borders, meadows, margins, acidic soils areas roadsides

Deep green, grass-like foliage A short goldenrod; does well on Attractive 4-6" long green leaves A showy and interesting flower turns black when dry; flowers poor soils including sand and clay. are marked with white or yellow that blooms only in the morning open in the morning. Prefers Short-lived perennial. *(bf) mottling and a bright reo "V." and then wilts. Grows best on partial shade and acidic soils. Not Insignificant flowers. Protect moist soils. Blade-like leaves. a true grass. leaves from sun and wind. specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers

Trillium grandiflorum Zizia aurea large-flowered trillium golden alexanders

18-24" 12-36" Trillium spp spring spring trillium Of the eight species of trillium white yellow native to Ohio, three species are listed as potentially threatened, threatened, or endangered. neutral to acidic, well-drained meadows, water margins, This is one of many woodland woods with fertile soils moist woods plants that has suffered from overcollection by plant enthusi­ asts. The trillium is the state wildflower. Best in moist, well-drained soils Thick, divided leaflets and and shade. Add organic matter flowers in loose umbels. Does and water during dry periods. Do best in wet or moist humusy not disturb any type of trillium in soil. Z. aptera is also native. the wild' specialty dealers specialty dealers Tall Plants (up to 6 ') (All plants are perennial unless.otherwise noted in "features.'1

Scientific Name Aruncus dioicus Asclepias syriaca Aster laevis Aster lateriflorus Common Name goats beard common milkweed smooth aster calico aster

Height 3-6' 2-6' 2--4' 1-5'

Bloom Time spring summer summer/autumn summer/autumn

Flower Color white violet-pink violet white

Habitat moist, fertile woods, ravines roadsides, waste places meadows, open woods and meadows, open woodlands roadsides

Features Showy, spikes of flowers. Interesting pods and 2" clµsters of Bright green, smooth foliage and Tiny attractive foliage turns Tolerates poor drainage and flowers; downy leaves. Favorite 11ttractive flowers; requires well- coppery in late summer; flowers shade. Large spread. *(bf) of the monarch butterfly. drained soils. *(bf) turn purple as they mature. *(bf) Aggressive. *(bf-1)

..Avail~bility trade specialty dealers trade specialty dealers · Scientific Name Astragalus canadensis Baptisia australis Baptisia leucantha Campanula americana Common Name Canada milk vetch blue false indigo Atlantic white indigo tall bellflower

Height 2--4' 2-5' 3-5' 2-6'

Bloom Time summer spring spring/summer summer

Flower Color yellow blue white blue

Habitat meadows prairies, waste places, open woods prairies, waste places, open woods woods, wood borders, roadsides

Features Resembles lupine in shape and Pea-like flowers, gray-green Similar to B. australis with blue­ Bell-shaped flowers in a 1-2' long flower, dark green leaves leaves, black pods in fall. Easy to green foliage. Grows best in full cluster. Does well.in full sun or attractive. Requires well-drained grow, but slow to establish. Do sun and dry, infertile soil. Also light shade. Annual or biennial. soils. not disturb in the wild!! slow to establish.

Availability specialty dealers trade specialty dealers specialty dealers KEY: ·A; =plant is toxic to humans. Features: *(x) = a food or cover benefit for ... *(bf) =butterflies, *(bf-I) =butterfly larvae, *(w) = wildlife; *(bd) = songbirds; *(be) honeybees; *(hb) =hummingbirds. "Do not disturb in the wild."= plant is endangered(!!), threatened(!), or potentially threatened(.)

Delphinium exaltatum Desmodium canadense Echinacea purpurea Epilobium angustifolium Eryngium yuccifolium tall larkspur Canada tick-trefoil purple coneflower fireweed rattlesnake master

4--6' 3-5' 3-4' 2-6' 2-6' spring summer summer summer summer violet/blue pink violet pink green.-white fertile woods, calcareous soils m0ist, open woods or wood prames recently cleared land-especially prairies, open woods borders by fire

Deep green leaves; several Long terminal clusters of flowers; Drought resistant and attractive. Flowers in showy loose spikes. Thistle-like flower heads develop spurred flowers in a spike. Do not fruit pods stick to animals or Best in a well-drained soil. Spreads quickly in dry or moist bluish tint; foliage resembles disturb in the wild. clothing. Aggressive grower in soil. Do not disturb in the' wild!! yucca. Tolerates moist or dry soil. any soil type. *(w) Do not disturb in the wild. specialty dealers specialty dealers trade specialty dealers specialty dealers

Eupatorium fistulosum Eupatorium maculatum Eupatorium perfoliatum Eupatoriumpurpureum Filipendula rubra hollow Joe-Pye weed spotted Joe-Pye weed common boneset sweet Joe-Pye weed queen-of-the-prairie

2-6' 2-6' 2-4' 2-6' 3-6' summer summer Su-autumn summer spring-summer pink/violet pink/violet white pink pink bottomlands, acidic soils,. moist moist meadows, open woods, open woods, moist meadows, moist meadows and hillsides, moist prairies and meadows, meadows water margins water margins open woods water margins

Full sun or partial shade; hollow Purple, spotted stem supports Fuzzy flower heads in 4-5" flat Green stem, fuzzy pink flowers; Large, feathery clusters of small stem and fuzzy terminal flower large clusters of fuzzy flower clusters. *(bf) foliage smells like vanilla when fragrant flowers. Requires - clusters. *(bf) *(be) heads. *(be) *(bf) crushed. *(bf) moisture; easily grown at streamsides or pond margins. specialty dealers trade trade trade trade 1 Tall Plants (up to 6 ) (continued)

Scientific Name Heli:anthus mollis Heliopsis ·helianthoides Common Name downy sunflower ox-eye sunflower

Height 3-5' Heliopsis helianthoides 4--5' ox-eye sunflower Bloom Time summer The height of sunflowers summer like those listed in the next Flower Color yellow section can be intimidating yellow to a gardener or land­ Habitat infertile, dry prairies scaper. Shorter stature and prairies, woodlands non-spreading growth habit make Heliopsis helianthoides an excellent c.hoice for a confined area or smaller garden. Features Downy hairs cover stems Does not spread by rhizomes; Helianthus mollis is supporting many bright flowers. good sunflower plant for small another good choice. It Spreads slowly. *(bd) Helianthus 11101/is spreads, but does so Heliopsis spaces. Does well on any soil. slowly. helianthoides

Availability specialty dealers trade - Scientific Name Lespedeza capitata Liatris aspera Liatris spicata Lilium supttrbum Common Name roundheaded bushclover rough blazing star dense blazing star Turk's cap lily

Height 2-5' 2-4' 1-6' 3-6'

Bloom Time summer summer-autumn summer summer

Flower Color white violet violet orange-red

Habitat infertile prairies meadows or prairies, open woods ·moist, slightly acidic soils, moist or wet meadows or woods, bottomlands swamps

Features Nitrogen-fixing plant, turns deep Round flower clusters arranged in Flowers on I' long spike; feathery Impressive 2.5" flowers. Best in bronze in autumn. Grows in any a loose spike. Best in sandy soils. appearance. Requires full sun. Do moist, humusy soils; full sun or well-drained soil. *(bf) *(bd) not overfertilize. *(bf) light shade. Spreads. Do not disturb in the wild. *(bf)

Availability specialty dealers specialty dealers "trade specialty dealers KEY: Q; =plant is toxic to humans. Features: *(x) =a food or cover benefit for ... *(bf) =butterflies, *(bf-1) =butterfly larvae, *(w) =wildlife; *(bd) =songbirds; *(be) honeybees; *(hb) = humm\ngbirds. "Do not disturb in the wild." =plant is endangered (! !), threatened (!), or potentially threatened(.)

Lobelia cardinalis Lobelia siphilitica · Monarda didyma Monarda fistulosa Oenothera biennis cardinal flower great blue lobelia beebalm wild bergamot evening primrose

2-4' 1-4' 2-5' 2-4' 2-5' summer summer summer summer spring-summer red blue red violet yellow moist sites, marshes, water fertile, moist bottomland woods moist woods, water margins dry meadows, wood borders; dry fields, roadsides margins and meadows, swamps calcareous soils

Many brilliant red tubular flowers. Showy, bright flowers in a loose Aromatic; butterfly garden Similar to M. didyma, but Large flower is lemon-scented; Use mulch to help retain moisture. spike. Short-lived perennial; essential. Does best in moist, tolerates dry soils and has paler biennial-flowers in second year. Best in partial shade. *(hb) prefet<5 partial shade and constant sunny areas. Whorls of bright flowers. *(be) *(bf) *(hb) moisture. *(hb) tubular flowers. *(be) *(bf) *(hb) trade trade trade trade trade

Penstemon digitalis Physostegia virginiana Polygonatum canaliculatum Ratibida pinnata Solidago ohioensis El smooth penstemon obedient plant large Solomon's seal yellow prairie coneflower Ohio goldenrod

2-3' 1-4' 3-5' 4-5' 2-4' summer summer/autumn spring summer summer/autumn white pink white yellow yellow meadows or wood borders moist, open woods or prairies, moist woods or wood borders dry woods or prairies prairies, open woods swamps

Showy flowers in tiered clusters Paired flowers resemble snapdrag­ Can grow up to 7' tall and forms Yellow flowers with gray centers Does best in fertile soils. Has around the stem. Best in full sun ons. Does well in moist, acidic patches. Attractive foliage turns that mature to brown. Grows well spreading and attractive flower or light shade. soils in full sun; tolerates low golden in autumn with dark blue in dry or moist soils, including heads and lush foliage. Do not fertility soils. Can be invasive. berries. Best in shady, moist soil. clays. disturb in the wild. *(bf) *(bf) specialty dealers trade specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers 1 Tall Plants (up to 6 ) (continued)

Scientific Name Solidago rigida Solidago speciosa Solidago spp Common Name goldenrod stiff goldenrod showy goldenrod

Height Goldenrods have acquired a bad reputation for 3-5' 2-6' being the cause of hay fever. Actually, they rarely Bloom Time cause hay fever. Hay fever is an allergic reaction to summer/autumn summer/autumn wind-borne pollen. Goldenrod is pollinated by llM.IFWIA>.. insects; so little of its pollen contributes to the high yellow yellow Flower Color .""21!\P~r' pollen count, weepy eyes,

Availability specialty. dealers specialty dealers

.. Scientific Name Tradescantia ohiensis Verbena stric~a Verbena hastata · Veronica virgin.ica (or Veronicastrum virginicum) Common Name Ohio spiderwort hoary vervain blue vervain culver's root

Height 2-4' 2-6' 2-6' 3-6'

Bloom Time · spring-summer summer summer summer

Flower Color violet violet blue white

Habitat' wood borders, meadows, dry clearings moist open woods or roadsides, moist, fertile thickets and roadsides water margins meadows

Features Showy and interesting flowers Drought resistant, even in dry, Numerous stiff, pencil-like spikes Small, tubular flowers on a dense open only in the morning and then sandy soils. Slender spike flowers of flowers bloom in second year. spike-like cluster. Leaves whorled wilt. Flowers may also be pink or are long-lasting. Wetland plant. and triangular. blue.

Availability specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers 1 Very Tall Plants (more than 6 ) (All plants are perennial unless o1herwise note~ in "features.'1

Aster novae-angliae Aster umbellatus Cassia hebecarpa Helianthus giganteus . Helianthus grosseserratus New England aster flat-topped white aster wild senna giant sunflower sawtooth sunflower

3-7' 1-7' 4-8' 3-12' 4-12' summer/autumn summer summer summer/autumn summer/autumn violet white yellow yellow yellow wet thickets, meadows, swamps moist, open woods or meadows moist open woods, disturbed swamps, moist woods and fertile prairies areas meadows

Branched plant witb clusters of Good for wet meadows; wide, flat Leguminous plant with 6-8" long Stems are rough and reddish and Best in moist, fertile soil. Will not l" flowers. Flower color varies. cluster of 2/3" flowers. Early- pinnately compound leaves and bear many 1.5 to 3" light-yellow bloom tbe first year. *(bd) Grows best in low-fertility soils blooming aster.. *(bf) clusters of small (3/4") yellow flower heads. *(bd) and full sun. *(bf) flowers. Does well in clay or moist soils. *(bf-I) trade specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers

Helianthus maximilianii Helianthus strumosus Helianthus tuberosus Silphium perfoliatum Maximilian's sunflower woodland sunflower Jerusalem artichoke cup-plant

3-10' 3-7' 5-10' 3-10'. summer-autumn summer autumn summer yellow yellow yellow yellow prairies woods,- wood borders, clearings moist, fertile soils woods, moist meadows, wood borders KEY~ A = plant is toxic to humans. Features: *(x) = a food or cover benefit for ... *(bf) =butterflies, *(bf-I) =butterfly Flowers are 2-3" wide witb IO- Several 2-3" flowers with 9-15 Several 3" flowers with 10-20 Adaptable, but does best in fertile, larvae, *(w) =wildlife; *(bd) = 12 rays. Drought tolerant; prolific rays. *(w) *(bf) rays; weedy. Edible tuber. *(bf) moist soils. Leaves form cups that songbirds; *(be) honeybees; seeder. *(bd) *(w) *(bf) hold rainwater for butterflies, *(hb) =hummingbirds. "Do not birds. *(bd) *(bf) *(hb) disturb in the wild."= plant is endangered(!!), threatened(!), or potentially threatened(.) trade specialty dealers trade specialty dealers Ferns

Scientific Name Adiantum pedatum Athyrium filix-femina Cystopteris bulbifera Dennsta.edtia punctilobula Common Name maidenhair fern lady fern bulbet bladder fern hay-scented fern

Height 12-20" 24-60" (2-5') 6-18" Bloom Time Flower Color

Habitat moist woods, hillsides, acidic wooded water margins, moist rocky water margins well-drained woods fertile soil fertile soil

Features Easy to grow on well-drained, Graceful and easy to grow; Arching fronds are smooth and Delicate lacy blades are yellow- shaded.soils. Use mulch or requires shade; tolerates a variety deeply cut. Grows best in rocky, green, spreads quickly by humusy soils. of soil types, but best in humusy wet or moist ground with a neutral rhizomes; tolerates wide variation soils . soil pH. in environment.

• Availability trade trade specialty. dealers trade

· Scientific Name Dryopteris cristata Dryopteris goldiana Dryopteris intermedia Dryopteris marginalis Common Name crested shield fern giant wood fern evergreen wood fern marginal shield fern

Height 24-40" 24-48" 18-36" 12-24" Bloom Time Flower Color

Habitat wet or moist, acidic woods moist woods wet or moist, acidic woods well-drained woods

Features Fronds in open rosette. Needs New fronds covered with brown Blue-green fronds are very hardy; Leathery blades are gray to blue­ shade, acidic soils and moisture. and white scales. prefers shade and loam soil. green and evergreen. Good fem for limited space.

Availability specialty dealers specialty dealers specialty dealers trade KEY: a =plant is toxic to humans. Features: *(x) =a food or cover benefit for ... *(bf) =butterflies, *(bf-1) =butterfly larvae, *(w) =wildlife; *(bd) =songbirds; *(be) honeybees; *(hb) =hummingbirds. "Do not disturb in the wild."= plant is endangered(!!), threatened(!), or potentially threatened(.)

Matteuccia pensylvan~ca Onoclea sensibilis Osmunda regalis Osmunda cinnamomea Polystichum acrostichoides ostrich fern sensitive fern royal fern cinnamon fern Christmas fern

36-84" (3-7') 12-24" 12-36" 24-60" (2-5') 12-36"

moist rich loam in sun or shade wooded swamps, moist woods wet woods, water margins, acidic moist, humusy acidic woods moist, fertile, well-drained woods soils

Tall fronds resemble ostrich Tolerates sun if soil is moist; Best in moist or wet, acidic soils. Blue-green fronds tum cinnamon Evergreen and easy to grow; dark feathers. vigorous grower; forms colonies. New wine-red fronds tum green. brown in fall. Prefers moist or wet green leathery leaves. soils in partial shade, but can also grow in dry shade.

=tr=a=de======~==tr=ad=e======l:==tr=ad=e======+=tr=a=d=e======l:=t=ra=d=e======~ Grasses and Sedges (All plants are perennial unless otherwise noted in "features.")

Scientific Name Andropogon gerardii Bouteloua curtipendula Carex grayi Carei muskingumensis Common Name big bluestem side-oats grama-grass Gray's sedge palm sedge

Height 48~96" (4-8') 12-36" 24-36" 24-36"

Bloom Time summer/autumn summer summer/autumn spring

Flower Color red/violet violet yellow red-brown

Habitat moist, well-drained prairies, well-drained prairies and open meadows that are wet in spring marshes, water margins openings in woods woods and dry in summer

Features Leaf blades are steel gray in late Low-growing stoloniferous, sod­ Yellow fruits resemble spiked Attractive foliage resembles palm summer; violet-red or brown in forming grass; tufted purplish clubs and are persistent. Tolerates fronds; creeps slowly. Flowers not fall. Does best in fertile soils. spikelets in summer; good for dry some shade. Prefers moisture. showy. Turns yellow with first areas . frost.

Availability trade specialty dealers specialty dealers trade • Scientific Name Carex plantaginea Elymus canadensis Common Name Wide Leaf Sedge Canada wild rye

Height 6-12" 24-48" Elymus canadensis summer Bloom Time spring Canada wild rye Elymus canadensis is an excellent brown Flower Color brown choice when a groundcover is needed quickly. Although this grass Habitat woods, wood borders clearings, any soil will not form a long-lasting turf, it es­ tablishes itself quickly on nearly any type of soil including bare sand, dry gravel, or raw clay subsoil.

Features Clumping evergreen sedge, broad Fast growing on any soil leaves are bright green with including bare sand, dry gravel or purple sheaths. Does best in raw clay subsoil. Curving moisture, but can tolerate dry soil; seedheads. Short-lived perennial; Urn111.1 cumulen.\i.1 requires shade. erosion control grass.

Availability specialty dealers specialty dealers KEY: A; =plant is toxic to humans. Features: *(x) =a food or cover benefit for ... *(bf)= butterflies, *(bf-I)= butterfly larvae, *(w) =wildlife; *(bd) =songbirds; *(be) honeybees; *(hb) = hummingbirds. "Do not disturb in the wild." =plant is endangered ( ! !), threatened (!), Of potentially threatened (.)

Elymus virgatum Eragrostis spectabilis Juncus effusus Milium effusum Panicum clandestinum Virginia wild rye .purple love grass soft rush golden wood millet deer tongue grass

24-48" 12---24" 24---36" 6---18" 24-48"

summer/autumn summer/autumn summer spring summer

blue-green violet, red yellow-green yellow white

damp areas, floodplains, woods well-drained, open fields wet meadows, water ma!gins shady, moist meadows moist, open woods

Dark shiny foliage. Good choice Open, diffusely branched panicles Clumping, medium green foliage Spring foliage is intensely yellow; Bright green, bamboo-like for wet area or floodplain. are colorful. Best on moist, sandy turns yellow-brown with first become~ yellow-green with foliage in arching mounds; turns soil. frost. Best in moist soils and golden panicles. Best in woodland yellow and brown in fall. Best in partial shade. Tolerates standing conditions. moist, fertile soils with partial water. shade.

specialty dealers trade trade specialty dealers specialty dealers

Panicum virgatum Schizachyrium scoparius Sorghastrum nutans Spartina pectinata (Andropogon scoparius) switchgrass little bluestem Indian grass prairie cord-grass

48---60" (4---5') 12-48" 36---72" (3---6') 48---92" (4---8') summer/autumn summer/autumn summer/autumn summer/autumn

violet red yellow-brown green moist prairies, roadsides, dry or moist, well-drained roadsides, prairies, waste places, marshes, water margins, wet meadows prairies, waste places open woods prairies /I

Tolerates poor co'nditions Blue-green blades in summer are Drooping and graceful seed, Erect, wiry grass; shiny green including flooding. Feathery open brown-maroon in fall and winter: flowers and fruits. Warm season blades turn yellow in fall and panicles are tan or straw yellow Good choice for dry prairies. grass; slow to establish. beige in winter. Can be invasive. through winter. Fuzzy white winter seeds. *(bd) Best in moist, fertile soils. Schi::{l('/nTi11111 1n 111c1 rius trade trade trade trade litllc blucstem Native Plant/Natural Landscaping Resources

Choosing Plants The National Wildflower Research Center, 4801 La Cross Blvd, The Wildflower Gardener's Guide: Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Great Austin, TX 78739; http://www.wildflower.org [Publishes La,kes and Eastern Canada Edition, Henry W. Art. Storey recommended species .lists by state.] Communications, 1991. Native Plants for Woodland Gardens, New England Wild Flower The Wildflower Gardener's Guide: Great Plains and Canadian Society, 1986. Prairies Edition, Henry W. Art. Storey Communications, 1991. Native Trees, Shrubs and Vines for Urban & Rural America, G. Hightshoe. VanNostrand Reinhold, 1988. Field Guides/Identification/Flora Nature's Heartland, Native Plant Communities of the Great Plains. A Field Guide to the Ferns, Boughton Cobb. Houghton Mifflin, 1963. Bjll Boon and Harlen Groe. Iowa State University Press, Field Guide to Wildflowers, R.T. Peterson and M. McKenny. 1990. Houghton Mifflin, 1968. Tallgrass Prairie Wildflowers, Doug Ladd and Frank Oberle, National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees Falcon Press Publishing Co, Inc., 1995. (Eastern Region), Elbert Little. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1995. The Wildflower Meadow Book: A Gardener's Guide, Laura C. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflow­ Martin. Globe Pequot Press, 1983. ers (Eastern Region), William Niering and Nancy Olmstead. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1995. Landscaping Newcomb's Wildflower Guide, L. Newcomb. Little, Brown, 1977. Gardening with Wildflowers and Native Plants. Brooklyn Botanical The Vascular Plants of Ohio, Clara Weishaupt. Kendall/Hunt Publish­ Garden, 1990. [Brooklyn Botanic Garden 100 Washington ing Co., 1968. Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11225.] The Woody Plants of Ohio, E. Lucy Braun. The Ohio State University The La,ndscape Restoration Handbook, Donald Harker, et al. Lewis Press, 1961. Publishers, 1993. The Monocotyledoneae: Cat-tails to Orchids, E. Lucy Braun. The wndscaping with Nature, Jeff Cox. Rodale Press, 1991. Ohio State University Press, 1967. Landscaping with Wildflowers, Jim Wilson. Houghton Mifflin, The Dicotyledoneae of Ohio Part 2: Linaceae through 1992. Campanulaceae, Tom S. Cooperrider. The Ohio State University fAmdscaping with Wildf!owers and Native Plants, William Wilson. Press, 1995. Ortho Books, 1985. The Dicotyledoneae of Ohio Part 3: Asteraceae, Richard Fisher. The The Native Plant Primer, Carole Ottesen. Harmony Books, 1995. Ohio State University Press, 1988. The Natural Habitat Garden, Kenneth Druse. Clarkson Potter, 1994. Plant Supplier Lists The Prairie Garden, 70 Native Plants You Can Grow in Town or The National Wildflower Research Center, 4801 La Cross Blvd, Country, J. Robert Smith and Beatrice S. Smith. University of Austin, TX 78739; http://www.wildflower.org [List of potential Wisconsin Press, 1987. regional suppliers and a bimonthly member newsletter.] Restoring the Tallgrass Prairie, Shirley Smith. University of Iowa New England Wild Flower Society, Garden in the Woods, Book Shop, Press, 1994. 180 Henway Rd., Framingham, Mass. 01701-2699 [Regularly Wildflowers, J. A. Hubbard. Burpee American Gardening Series, updated list: Nursery Sources, Native Plants and Wildflowers] 1995 .. Ohio Nursery and Landscape Association, 72 Dorchester Square, Ohio Department of Natural Resources; http://www.dnr.ohio.gov/ Westerville., Ohio 43081-3350; 614-899-1195; http:// odnr/publications/publications.html www.onla.org [Annually publishes: Ohio Nursery Stock Survey.] Di vision of Forestry: 1855 Fountain Square Court Columbus, Ohio American Seed Trade Association, Wildflower Group; 601 13th St. 43224; 614-265-6694; http://hortwww-2.ag.ohio-state.edu/ N.W. Suite 570 South, Washington D.C. 20005-1593 [Updated ODNR/Forestry.htm [Seedling sales.] list of native seed suppliers.] Division of Natural Areas and Preservation: Fountain Square, Building F; Columbus, Ohio 43224; 614-265-6453 [Slide Propagation sets, posters, pamphlets and books available.] Directory to Resources on Wildflower Propagation, G. A. Sullivan and United States EPA, Great Lakes National Program Office's Green R. H. Daley. Council of State Garden Clubs, 1981. Landscaping with Native Plants; 77 West Jackson Boulevard; A Garden of Wildflowers: 101 Native Species and How to Grow Them, Chicago, Illinois 60604; (312) 886-4040; http:// Henry Art. Storey Communications, 1986. www.epa.gov I grtlakes/ greenacres Growing and Propagating Showy Native Woody Plants, Richard E. Bir. Purdue University Consumer Horticulture Department http:// The University of North Carolina Press, 1992. www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/prairie_ wildflowers.html Handbook of Wildflower Cultivation, Kathryn Taylor and Stephen Ohio State University Horticulture and Crop Science in Virtual Hamblin. Collier/Macmillan, 1963. Perspective; "Plant Dictionary" and "A Sense of Place;" Native Plants for Woodland Gardens: Selection, Design & Culture, http ://www. hes. ohi o-state. edu/hcs/hcs .html New England Wild Flower Society, 1986. Propagation of Wildflowers, Will C. Curtis. New England Wild Flower Sources Used in Creating this Bulletin Society, 1986. The Wildflower Meadow Book: A Gardener's Guide, Laura C. Martin. Landscaping for Wildlife, Carrol L. Henderson. 1995. - Globe Pequot Press, 1983. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees -- (Eastern Region), Elbert Little. 1995. Creating Wildlife Habitats An Encyclopaedia of Ferns, David L. Jones. London: British Museum of Natural History. 1987. Attracting Backyard Wildlife, William J. Merilees. Voyageur Press, The Landscape Restoration Handbook, Donald Harker, et al. 1993. 1989. Manual of Herbaceous Ornamental Plants, Steven Still. The Audubon Society Guide to Attracting Birds, Stephen W. Kress. Champaign, IL: Stipes Publishing Co. 1994. Scribner's, 1985. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants, Michael A. Dirr. Champaign, Backyard Wildlife Habitat Information Packet, National Wildlife IL: Stipes Publishing. 1990. Federation. 8925 Leesburg Pike; Vienna, Va 22184; 703-790- Native Trees, Shrubs and Vines for Urban & Rural America, G. 4100; http://www.nwf.org/nwf/habitats Hightshoe. 1988. The Butterfly Garden, Jerry Sedenko. New York: Villard Books, 1991. Ohio Nursery Stock Survey 1996. Ohio Nursery and Landscape Landscaping for Wildlife, Carrol L. Henderson. St. Paul, MN: Association. 1996. Minnesota's Bookstore, 1995. The WcJOdy Plants of Ohio. E. Lucy Braun. 1961. Educational Groups and Initiatives The Vascular Plants of Ohio. Clara Weishaupt. 1968 Ohio State University Extension Service factsheets on line at http:// ohioline.ag.ohio-state.edu Native Plant Solutions Sampler Dry Soils Wet Soils Rocky or Gravelly Clay Soils Low Fertility Soils Shady Areas Trees Trees Soils Woody Trees Trees Diospyros virginiana **Acer negundo Diervilla lonicera Acer negundo. Acernigrum * Gleditsia triacanthos Acerrubrum Trees Quercus palustris Diospyros virginiana Acer saccharum (variety inermis) Acer saccharinum Celtis occidentalis Quercus velutina Populus grandidentata Amelanchier arborea Ostrya virginiana ** Betula nigra Craetegus crusgalli Symphoricarpos albus Quercus coccinea Amelanchier laevis Quercus coccinea ** Carpinus caroliniana Craetegus phaenypyrum Quercus velutina Carpinus caroliniana Quercus macrocarpa ** Larix laricina Diospyros virginiana Herbaceous Rhus typhina Cornus alter~ifolia Nyssa sylvatica Cornus florida Quercus muhlenbergi Juglans cinerea Cassia hebecarpa Populus deltoides Quercus velutina Juniperus virginiana Elymus canadensis Shrubs Rhus copallina ** Quercus bicolor Quercus coccinea Ratibida pinnata Comptonia peregrina Shrubs **Quercus palustris Rhus glabra Quercus imbricaria Solidago nemoralis Juniperus communis Hamamelis virginiana Rhus typhina Rhus glabra Potentilla fruticosa Hydrangea aborescens Solidago rigida Robinia pseudoacacia Shrubs Sassafras albidum Rhus aromatica Ostrya virginiana Aronia melanocarpa Spiraea tomentosa Staphylea trifolia · Shrubs ** Cephalanthus occidentalis Shrubs Vaccinium angustifolium Symphocarpus albus Sandy Soils Taxus canadensis Aronia melanocarpa ** Clethra alnifolia Aralia spinosa Tsuga.canadensis Ceanothus americanus **Salix discolor Diervilla lonicera Trees perennials Comptonia peregrina Sambucus pubens Juniperus communis Betula nigra Asclepias tuberosa Juniperus communis Thuja occidentalis Physocarpus opulifolius Diospyros virginiana Baptisia australis Perennials Potentilla fruticosa Aruncus dioicus Viburnum cassinoides Rhus aromatica Populus grandidentata Helianthus mollis Rhus aromatica Vaccinium corymbosum Quercus coccinea Asarum canadense Rubus odoratus Iris cristata * Vaccinium angustifolium Quercus velutina Aster divariratus Vaccinium angustifolium Lupinis perennis * Viburnum prunifolium Caltha palustris - Perennials Viburnum lentago Phlox subulata Carex plantaginea Aruncus dioicus Shrubs Potentilla simplex Chamaelirium luteum Perennials Asclepias syriaca Comptonia peregrina Rudbeckia hirta Perennials Cornus canadensis * Anaphalis margaritacea Aster novae-angliae Diervilla lonicera Solidago nermoralis Cystopteris bulbifera Dodecatheon meadia Asclepias tuberosa Aster umbellatus Gaylussacia baccata Elymus canadensis Heuchera americana Aster azureus Caltha palustris Physocarpus opulifolius ** Hepatica americana Phlox subulata Aster divaricatus Carex muskingumensis Vaccinium corymbosum Opuntia humifusa Polophyllum peltatum Aster ericoides Chelone glabra Phlox subulata Tiarella cordifolia Baptisia australis Cornus canadensis Bouteloua curtipendula Perennials Trillium grandiflorum * Elymus virgatum ** Elymus canadensis Viola spp. * Ecchinaea purpurea Filipendula rubra Eragrostis spectabilis most ferns * Helianthus maximilianii **Iris shrevei Euphorbia corollata Hepatica americana Juncus effusus Liatris aspera Liatris aspera Lobelia cardinalis Lupinis perennis Lupinis perennis Monarda didyma Opuntia humifusa Opuntia humifusa Physostegia virginiana Phlox subulata * Phlox subulata Spartina pectinata Solidago nemoralis Rudbeckia hirta **Verbena hastata Solidago rigida Solidago nemoralis Viola spp. Solidago speciosa Verbena stricta * drought tolerant * * tolerates flooding~standing water Index of Common Names alumroot, 29 bluestem cup-plant, 37 goldenrod anemone,Canada,25 big, 40 devils-walkingstick, .16 grey, 31 arborvitae: eastern, 20 little, 41 dogwood Ohio, 35 ash boneset, common, 33 flowering, 13 showy, 36 blue, 7 bowman's root, 29 gray, 17 stiff, 36. red or green, 7 boxelder, 11 pagoda, 12 grass white, 7 buckeye redosier, 17 deer tongue, '41 aspen Ohio, 11 roughleaf, 13 Indian, 41 bigtooth, 9 yellow, 6 silky, 16 pointed blue-eyed, 31 quaking, 11 bunchberry,25 Dutchman's breeches, 25 purple love, 41 aster bushclover, roundheaded, 34 elder hackberry, common, 7 calico, 32 bush-honeysuckle, dwarf, 17 common, 15 hawthorn flat-topped white, 37 butterfly weed, 27 scarlet, 15 cockspur, 13 New England, 37 butternut, 8 elm, slippery, 11 thicket, 13 sky blue, 28 buttonbush, 16 fairy wand, 28 Washington, 13 smooth, 32 campion, starry, 30 fern hemlock, Canada, 20 white heath, 28 cardinal flower, 35 bulbet bladder, 38 hepatic a white wood, 28 catchfly, royal, 30 Christmas, 39 round-lobed, 25 azalea, northern roseshell, 21 cedar, eastern red, 20 cinnamon, 39 sharp-lobed, 25 bayberry, northern, 18 checkerberry or creeping crested shield, 38 hickory Ill beebalm, 35 wintergreen, 22 evergreen wood, 38 bitternut, 6 beech, American, 7 cherry, wild black, 9 giant wood, 38 mockemut, 7 bellflower, tall, 32 chokeberry, black, 16 hay-scented, 38 shagbark, 7 bergamot, wild, 35 chokecherry, common, 14 lady, 38 hobblebush, 15 birch cinquefoil maidenhair, 38 honeylocust, common thomless, 7 river, 6 bush, 18 marginal shield, 38 honeysuckle, trumpet, 22 yellow, 6 common, 24 ostrich, 39 hophornbeam, American, (ironwood), black-eyed Susan, 30 coffeetree, Kentucky, 7 royal, 39 14 bladdernut, American, 19 columbine, wild, 27 sensitive, 39 hop tree (or wafer-ash), 14 blazing star coneflower filbert, American, 17 hornbeam, American, 12 dense, 34 purple, 33 fireweed, 33 huckleberry, 17 rough, 34 three-lobed, 30 foam flower, 26 hydrangea, smooth, 17 bloodroot, 26 yellow prairie, 35 fringe tree, 12 indigo bluebells, Virginia, 29 cord-grass, prairie, 41 fumitory, climbing, 24 Atlantic white, 32 blueberry cottonwood, eastern, 8 gentian, closed, 29 blue false, 32 highbush, 19 crabapple, American, 14 geranium, wild, 29 iris, blue flag lowbush, 19 creeper ginger, wild, 25 northern, 29 blue flag Virginia, 22 goats beard, 32 southern, 29 northern, 29 trumpet, 22 golden alexanders, 31 iris, crested dwarf, 25 southern. 29 culver's root. 36 Jack-in-the-pulpit, 27 oak sassafras, common, 11 tick-trefoil, Canada, 33 Jacob's ladder, creeping, 30 black, IO sedge tovara, 31 Jerusalem artichoke, 37 bur, 9 Gray's, 40 trillium, large-flowered, 31 Joe-Pye weed chinkapin, 9 palm, 40 tuliptree, 8 hollow, 33 pin, 9 Wide Leaf, 40 tupelo, black (black gum or som spotted,33 red, 9 senna, wild, 37 gum), 11 sweet, 33 scarlet, 9 service berry turtlehead, 28 juniper, common, 20 shingle, 11 Allegheny, 12 vervain larch, eastern, 20 shumard red, 9 downy Uuneberry), 12 blue, 36 larkspur, tall, 33 swamp white, 9 shooting star, 28 hoary, 36 laurel, mountain, 21 white, 9 side-oats grama-grass, 40 vetch, Canada milk, 32 leatherwood, 17 obedient plant, 35 snowberry, common, 19 viburnum lily onion, nodding pink, 27 . Solomon's seal, large, 35 American cranberrybush, 15 American trout, 25 partridge-berry, 24 sourwood (or sorrel tree), 14 arrowwood, 15 Turk's cap, 34 pawpaw, common, 12 spicebush, 18 blackhaw, 15 linden, American (basswood), I 0 pear, prickly, 26 spiderwort, 31 mapleleaf, 15 lobelia, great blue, 35 pearly everlasting, 27 spiderwort, Ohio, 36 nannyberry, 15 locust, black, I 0 penstemon, smooth, 35 spurge, flowering, 28 witherod, 19 lupine, wild, 29 pepperbush, sweet, 16 steeplebush, 19 violet magnolia persimmon, common, 7 strawberry common blue, 26 1111 phlox barren, 24 bigleaf, 11 common white, 26 cucumbertree, 8 creeping, 24 wood, 25 common yellow, 26 umbrella, 13 moss, 24 sumac marsh blue, 26 maple wild blue, 30 flameleaf (shining), 14 sweet white, 26 black, 6_ pine, white, 20 fragrant, 18 virgin's bower, 22 mountain, 12 pinxter flower, 18 smooth, 14 Virginia bluebells, 29 red, 6 ·primrose, evening, 35 staghorn, 14 wahoo, Eastern, 13 silver, 6 queen-of-the-prairie, 33 sunflower walnut, black, 8 sugar, 6 raspberry, flowering, 19 downy, 34 willow marigold, marsh, 28 rattlesnake master, 33 giant, 37 black, 11 mayapple, 30 redbud, eastern, 12 Maximilian's, 37 pussy, 15 milkweed rhododendron,rosebay,2 ox-eye, 34 wintergreen, spotted, 25 common, 32 rose sawtooth, 37 witchhazel, common, 13 swamp, 27 Carolina, 18 western, 29 winterberry, common, 17 millet, golden wood, 41 prairie, 19 woodland, 37 yew, Canadian, 20 mint, hoary mountain, 30 swamp, 18 sweetfern, 16 mulberry, red, 8 rush, soft, 41 sweetgum, 8 New Jersey tea, 16 rye switchgrass, 41 ninebark, common, 18 Canada wild, 40 sycamore, 8 Virginia wild, 41 thimbleweed, 27 Index of Scientific Names

Acer umbellatus, 37 racemosa, '17 Fraxinus nigrum, 6 Astragalus canadensis, 32 sericea, 17 americana, 7 negundo, 11 Athyriumfilix-femina, 38 Cory/us americana, 17 pennsylvanica, 7 rubrum, 6 Baptisia Crateagus crusgalli, 13 quadrangulata, 7 saccharinum, 6 australis, 32 Crataegus Gaultheria procumbens, 22 saccharum, 6 leucantha, 32 phaenopyrum, 13 Gaylussacia baccata, 17 spicatum, 12 Betula punctata, 13 Gentiana andrewsii, 29 Adiantum pedatum, 38 lutea, 6 Cystopteris bulbifera, 38 Geranium maculatum, 29 Adlumia fungosa, 24 nigra, 6 Delphinium exaltatum, 33 Gillenia trifoliata, 29 Aesculus Bouteloua curtipendula, 40 Dennstaedtia punctilobula, 38 Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis, 7 flava, 6 Caltha palustris, 28 Desmodium canadense, 33 Gymnocladus dioicus, 7 glabra, 11 Campsis radicans, 22 Dicentra cucullaria, 25 Hamamelis virginiana, 13 Allium cernuum, 27 Campanula americana, 32 Diervilla lonicera, 17 Helianthus Amelanchier Carex Diospyros virginiana, 7 giganteus, 37 arborea, 12 grayi, 40 Dirca palustris, 17 grosseserratus, 37 laevis, 12 muskingumensis, 40 Dodecatheon meadia, 28 maximilianii, 37 Anaphalis margaritacea, 27 plantaginea, 40 Dryopteris mollis, 34 Andropogon gerardii, 40 Carpinus caroliniana, 12 r;ristata, 38 occidentalis, 29 Anemone Carya goldiana, 38 strumosus, 37 canadensis, 25 cordif(mnis, 6 intermedia, 38 tuberosus, 37 .. virginiana, 27 ovata, 7 marginalis, 38 Heliopsis helianthoides, 34 Aquilegia canadensis, 27 tomentosa, 7 Echinacea purpurea, 33 Hepatica Aralia spinosa, 16 Cassia hebecarpa, 37 Elymus .acutiloba, 25 Arisaema atrorubens, 27 Ceanothus americanus, 16 canadensis, 40 americana, 25 Aronia melanocarpa, 16 Celtis occidentalis, 7 virgatum, 41 Heuchera americana, 29 Aruncus dioicus, 32 Cephalanthus occidentalis, 16 Epilobium angustifolium, 33 Hydrangea arborescens, 17 Asarum canadense, 25 Cerci.1· canadensis, 12 Eragrostis spectabilis, 41 flex verticillata, 17 Asclepias Chamaelirium /utewn, 28 Eryngium yuccifolium, 33 Iris incarnata, 27 Che/one glabra, 28 Erythronium americanum, 25 cristata, 25 syriaca, 32 Chimaphila maculata, 25 Euonymus atropurpureus, 13 shrevei, 29 tuberosa, 27 Chionanthus virginicus, 12 Eupatorium versicolor, 29 Asimina triloba, .I 2 Clematis virginiana, 22 jistulosum, 33 Jug fans Aster Clethra alnifolia, 16 maculatum, 33 cinerea, 8 azure us (or Aster oolentangiensis), Comptonia peregrina, 16 perfoliatum, 33 nigra, 8 28 Corn us purpureum, 33 Juncus effi1sus, 41 divaricatus, 28 alternif'olia, 12 Euphorbia corollata, 28 Juniperus communis, 20 ericoides, 28 amomum, 16 Fagus grandifolia, 7 Juniperus virginiana, 20 laevis, 32 canadensis, 25 Filipendula rubra, 33 Kalmia latifolia, 21 /ateriflorus, 32 drurnmondi, 13 Fragaria vesca, 25 Larix laricina, 20 novae-a11,rdiae, 37 florida, 13 Lespedeza capitata, 34 Liatris Phlox Rhus Thuja occidentalis, 20 aspera, 34 divaricata, 30 aromatica, 18 Tiarella cordifolia, 26 spicata, 34 stolonifera, 24 copallina, 14 Tilia americana, 10 Lilium superbum, 34 subulata, 24 glabra, 14 Tovara virginiana, 31 Lindera benzain, 18 Physocarpus opulifolius, 18 typhina, 14 Tradescantia Liquidambar styraciflua, 8 Physostegia virginiana, 35 Robinia pseudoacacia, 10 ohiensis, 36 Liriodendron tulipifera, 8 Pinus strobus, 20 · Rosa virginiana, 31 Lobelia Platanus occidentalis, 8 carolina, 18 Trillium grandiflorum, 31 cardinalis, 35 Podophyllum peltatum, 30 palustris, 18 Tsuga canadensis, 20 siphilitica, 35 Polemonium reptans, 30 setigera; 19 Ulmus rubra, 11 Lonicera sempervirens, 22 Polygonatum canaliculatum, 35 Rubus odoratus, 19 Vaccinium Lupinis per.ennis, 29 Polystichum acrostichoides, 39 Rudbeckia angustifolium, l 9 Magnolia Populus hirta, 30 corymbosum, 19 acuminata, 8 deltoides, 8 triloba, 30 Verbena mtfcrophylla, 11 grandidentata, 9 Salix hastata, 36 tripetala, 13 tremuloides, 11 discolor, 15 stricta, 36 Malus coronaria, 14 Potentilla nigra, 11 Veronica virginica (or Veronicastrum Matteuccia pensylvanica, 39 fruticosa, 18 Sambucus virginicum), 36 Mertensia virginica, 29 simplex, 24 canadensis, 15 Viburnum Milium effusum, 41 Prunus pubens, 15 acerifolium, 15 Mitchel/a repens, 24 serotina, 9 Sanguinaria canadensis, 26 alnifolium (or lantanoides), 15 Monarda virginiana, 14 Sassafras albidum, 11 cassinoides, 19 didyma, 35 Ptelea trifoliata, 14 Schizachyrium scoparius (Andropogon dentatum, 15 .. fistulosa, 35 Pycnantheum incanum, 30 scoparius), 41 lentago, 15 Marus rubra, 8 Quercus Silene prunifolium, 15 Myrica pensylvanica, 18 alba, 9 regia, 30 trilobum, 15 Nyssa sylvatica, 11 bicolor, 9 stellata, 30 Viola Oenothera biennis, 35 coccinea, 9 Silphium perfoliatum, 37 blanda, 26 Onoclea sensibilis, 39 imbricaria, 11 Sisyrinchium angustifolium cucullata (or V. obliqua), 26 · Opuntia humifusa, 26 macrocarpa, 9 (S. graminoides, S. bermudiana), 31 pubescens, 26 Osmunda muehlenbergii, 9 Solidago sororio (or V. papilionacea), 26 cinnamomea, 39 palustris, 9 neinoralis, 31 striata, 26 regalis, 39 rubrum, 9 ohioensis, 35 Waldensteinia fragarioides, 24 Ostrya virginiana, 14 shumardii, 9 rigida, 36 Zizia aurea, 31 Oxydendrum arboreum, 14 velutina, 10 speciosa, 36 Panicum Ratibida pinnata, 35 Sorghastrum nutans, 41 clandestinum, 41 Rhododendron Spartina pectinata, 41 virgatum, 41 maximum, 21 Spiraea tomentosa, 19 Parthenocissus quinquefolia, 22 nudijlorum (or R. periclymenoides), 18 Staphylea trifolia, 19 . Penstemon digitalis, 35 roseum, 21 Symphoricarpos albus, 19 Taxus canadensis. 20 Black Swamp

Glaciated CD Allegheny Plateau 4

1. low bush blueberry 2. white pine 3. sugar maple 4· Kentucky coffeetree 5. Ohio buckeye <~.-.·,··~.\\{,'/·.. >' \. f ' , •,

'• ' 6. purple coneflower \ '! /' . ·\ .. /F: ...·.· I U nglaciated \ v~ 7. prickly pear Allegheny Plateau 8. mountain laurel Prairie \J \j: Peninsula i