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Environmental Documentary Sources in New York State

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Environmental Documentary Sources in New York State Preliminary Guide to ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTARY SOURCES IN NEW YORK STATE NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT NEW YORK STATE ARCHIVES Publication Number 71 NEW YORK HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION PROJECT www.archives.nysed.gov AUGUST 2000 A Preliminary Guide to Environmental Documentary Sources In New York State TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Holdings of the New York State Archives 5 Holdings of the New York State Library 57 Other New York State Government Entities 64 Local Government Holdings 66 Federal Government Repositories 86 Historical Records Repositories in New York State 97 Repositories Outside New York State Which Hold New York Related Materials 227 Appendix A: Potential Historical Record Sources for Environmental Documentation 238 Appendix B: Summary and Analysis of Documentation Resources 247 Appendix C: Online Catalogs and Repository Websites Searched 255 Appendix D: Search Terms Employed 256 Index 258 Compiled by the New York State Archives, a Division of the State Education Department, Albany New York. The New York Heritage Documentation Project is a project of the New York State Historical Records Advisory Board in cooperation with the New York State Archives. It is funded in part by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission 2 Introduction About this Guide This guide provides an overview of records relating to environmental affairs currently held in archives, libraries, historical societies and governments around New York State. It is a work in progress. In it you will find descriptions of the environmental records we have discovered so far through online searches of the statewide Historic Documents Inventory (HDI), the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN), the general schedules for local governments, Excelsior (the online catalog of the New York State Archives and State Library), and World Wide Web sites. This finding aid is being released during the course of the Environmental Affairs component of the New York Heritage Documentation Project, which is developing a plan that will provide guidance to individuals, organizations, and government agencies working to preserve the extraordinarily rich documentation of the environment and environmental concerns in New York. As the plan is implemented, more documentation will become available to researchers of all kinds, from scholars, community organizers, and policy makers, to community and family members and citizen activists. We hope that this guide will encourage further efforts to locate and make available additional archival resources that document environmental affairs in New York. A more complete guide will be published on the State Archives web site (www.archives.nysed.gov) You can help us by letting us know about environmental documentation not identified within this guide. If you know of historical records, whether in a repository or still held by an organization or individual, please contact us: New York State Archives, Cultural Education Center 9C71, Albany, NY 12230; [email protected]; 518-474-6926 3 Environmental Affairs in New York State The New York Environmental Heritage Documentation Project is examining the relationship, past and present, of humankind to the natural environment in New York. This vast topic includes the utilization of natural resources (air, energy, plants, animals, minerals, land, and water), their conservation and related environmental issues, the effect of environmental hazards on human populations and other life forms, and the development and implementation of public policy and planning related to the environment. Important components may include research in environmental sciences and public health; organizations established to promote environmental conservation, preservation, and increased awareness of environmental affairs through education, advocacy, or public action; industries, businesses and organizations which make direct use of natural resources or respond actively to environmental issues, and individuals prominent in environmental affairs. Also important are environmental impacts upon or actions by population groups, by economic class, cultural background, or region. 4 NEW YORK STATE ARCHIVES Only those series known to contain information about environmental issues are listed below, but other series, particularly legislative bill files, gubernatorial papers, and records created by the Unified Court System, also contain relevant material. Users should consult the State Archives. Executive Branch Office of Governor Current Functions. The governor, as chief executive officer of the State, is responsible for ensuring that the laws of the State are carried out. The governor exercises executive power and authority over the administrative machinery of State government, including all departments, divisions, offices, bureaus, and commissions established by constitutional provision or by statute. The governor acts as commander-in-chief of the State's military and naval forces; directs to the legislature an annual message concerning the condition of the State; recommends action to the legislature and approves or vetoes actions proposed by the legislature; convenes extraordinary sessions of the legislature, or of the senate only, when necessary; appoints, and may remove, heads of most State departments; prepares annually for the legislature a comprehensive State budget; and may grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons to persons convicted of crimes (other than treason or impeachment cases). Organizational History. New York's first constitution in 1777, and subsequent constitutions of 1821, 1846, and 1894, vested supreme executive power and authority in a governor. Colonial precedents for a governor as executive officer were the director general, who administered New Netherland under the Dutch from 1624 to 1664; and the royal governor, who administered the colony under the British until 1776. In April 1777, the Convention of Representatives of the State of New York (renamed the Fourth Provincial Congress) adopted the first State constitution, and two months later George Clinton was elected first governor of New York State. New York's constitution of 1777 created the office of governor "to take care that the laws are faithfully executed" and "to transact all necessary business with the officers of government." The governor was required to report on the condition of the State at each legislative session, could convene the legislature in special session, prorogue it, and recommend matters for legislative consideration. The governor was designated commander-in-chief of the armed forces and could grant reprieves and pardons to persons convicted of crimes other than treason and murder. The constitution provided for the election of the governor by freeholders for a three- year term, with no limit placed on the number of terms an individual might serve. Executive power was restricted by means of a system of checks and balances, including the legislature, a Council of Appointment, and a Council of Revision. The Council of Appointment, consisting of the governor and four senators elected annually by the assembly, selected nonelective public officials except those otherwise provided for in the constitution. The 5 Council of Revision, made up of the governor, the chancellor of the State's equity courts, and the justices of the supreme court, exercised a veto power over bills passed by the legislature, but a two-thirds vote of both houses of the legislature could override a veto. Both councils were abolished by the second State constitution of 1821. The legislature assumed the power of electing major government officials (the comptroller, attorney general, secretary of state, state engineer, and treasurer), but the governor retained the power to appoint other state officials with the consent of the senate. Veto power was now vested in the governor alone. The governor could no longer prorogue the legislature, and his term of office was reduced from three to two years. The power to grant pardons and reprieves was amended to exclude only treason and impeachment cases. The other powers and duties of the governor were retained as they were described in the first constitution. The third (1846) State constitution continued the governor's powers and duties as defined in the second constitution. Constitutional amendments in 1874 increased the term of office to three years, allowed the governor to veto individual items in appropriation bills, and provided that extraordinary sessions of the legislature could consider only matters recommended by the governor. The fourth State constitution was approved by the voters in 1894 and remains today as the basic legal document of New York government. It continued previous constitutional definitions of the governor's powers and duties, but reduced the term of office to two years. By the early twentieth century the executive branch of State government had grown to include nearly 200 administrative departments, boards, and commissions. Constitutional amendments in 1925 and 1927 significantly consolidated these administrative offices and expanded the power of the executive office. A 1925 amendment reduced the number of elective officials to four -- governor, lieutenant governor, comptroller, and attorney general (the latter two were first made elective posts by the 1846 constitution) -- and provided for the consolidation of all administrative agencies into not more than twenty State departments. One of the authorized departments was the Executive Department. Two laws (1926, Chapter 546, and
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