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United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,332,646 Wright Et Al

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United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,332,646 Wright Et Al US005332646A United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,332,646 Wright et al. 45 Date of Patent: Jul. 26, 1994 (54) METHOD OF MAKING A COLLOIDAL tion of Organo Coloidal Precious Metal Particles, 5 Lang PALLADIUMAND/OR PLATINUM METAL muir 268 (1989). OSPERSON Nakao, Y. and Kaeriyama, K., Preparation of Noble Metal Sols in the Presence of Surfactants and Their Prop 75 Inventors: Robin E. Wright, Dakota; Hsin H. erties, 110 (1) Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Chou, Woodbury, both of Minn. (Mar. 1986). 73) Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Preparation of Organopalladium Sols by Thermal Decom Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, position of Palladium Acetate, 133(2) Journal of Colloid Minn. and Interface Science (Dec. 1989). Satoh, N., and Kimura, K., 62 Bull Chem. Soc. Jpn., (21) Appl. No.: 964,450 1758 (1989). Savinova, E. R., Chuvilin, A. L., and Parmon, V. N., 22 Filed: Oct. 21, 1992 Copper Colloids Stabilized by Water-Soluble Polymers Part I. Preparation and Properties, 48 Journal of Molecu 51) Int. Cl........................... G03G 5/00; G03C 1/52 lar Catalysis 217-229 (1988). 52) U.S. C. .................................... 430/137; 430/197; Sequoia, E., S. A., The Electrochemical Reduction of 430/32; 430/114; 427/304 Perezone in the Presence of Benzoic Acid in Acetonitrile, 58) Field of Search ................. 430/197, 137, 32, 114; 310 J. Electroanal. Chem. 293-303, (1991). 204/180.1, 180.3 Stephenson, T. A., Morehouse, S. M., Powell, A. R., 56) References Cited Heffer, J. P., and Wilkinson, G., Carboxylates of Palla dium, Platinum, and Rhodium, and their Aladducts, J. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Chem. Soc. 3632 (1965) 4,252,677 2/1981 Smith .................................. 252/430 4,892,798 1/1990 Lamanna et al. ..................... 430/38 Primary Examiner-John Kight, III 4,985,321 1/1991 Chou et al. ........................... 430/38 Assistant Examiner-Richard Jones 5,089,362 2/1992 Chou et al. ........................... 430/16 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Gary L. Griswold; Walter N. Kirn; Karl G. Hanson OTHER PUBLICATIONS (57) ABSTRACT Esumi, K., Tano, T., and Meguro, K., Preparation of A method of making a colloidal metal dispersion that is Organopalladium Particles from Thermal Decomposition useful as a toner fluid. The method involves reducing a of Its Organic Complex in Organic Solvents, 5 Langmuir palladium and/or platinum metal of a metallo-organic 268-270 (1989). palladium and/or platinum metal salt in a dispersing Gross,. M. E., Appelbaum, A., and Gallagher, P. K., medium that contains a soluble surfactant and a carrier Laser Direct-Write Metallization in Thin Palladium Ace liquid. The palladium and/or platinum metal of the tate Films, 61(4) J. Appl. Phys. (Feb. 15, 1987). metallo-organic metal salt is reduced in the dispersing Hirai, H., Chawanya, H., and Toshima, N., Colloidal medium to form elemental metal particles. The soluble Palladium Protected with Poly(N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrollidone) surfactant is present in the dispersing medium in an for Selective Hydrogenation of Cyclopentadiene, Dept. of amount sufficient to charge and stabilize the elemental Indust. Chem., Faculty of Eng., The University of To metal particles as a colloidal metal dispersion. kyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113. Meguro, K., Torizuka, M., and Esumi, K., The Prepara 27 Claims, No Drawings 5,332,646 1 2 Chloride, however, as a negatively-charged species, METHOD OF MAKING A COLLODAL may have a deleterious effect on the stability of the PALLADUMAND/OR PLATINUM METAL dispersion, and hence its use as a toner fluid. Further, OSPERSION the organometallic palladium and platinum salts dis closed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,252,677 are not commercially TECHNICAL FIELD available and are very difficult to prepare. For example, This invention pertains to a method of making a col the preparation of the dipalladiumchlorodicarbonyl loidal, palladium and/or platinum metal dispersion, and starting material calls for the use of perezone, a qui more particularly to a metal dispersion that is useful as none-type natural product extracted from certain vari a metallic toner fluid composition. This invention also 10 pertains to methods of making and transferring metallic eties of the Perezia root. See Garcia et al., Structure of coatings. Di-u-chlorobis(dicarbonylpalladium), C43 Acta, Cryst. 1679-81 (1987); Gonzalez et al., The Electrochemical BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Reduction of Perezone in the Presence of Benzoic Acid in Metallic toner fluid compositions are known in the 15 Acetonitrile, 310 J. Electronic Chem. 293-303 (1991); toner fluid art. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,089,362, 4,985,321 and and Garcia et al., Perezone and Related Sesquiterpenes 4,892,798 disclose metallic toner fluid compositions and from Parvifoline, 50 J. Nat. Prods, 1055-1058 (Novem their use in making metallic coatings. The metallic toner ber-December 1987). fluid compositions contain colloidal, elemental metal SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION particles dispersed in nonpolar organic carrier liquids. 20 Surfactants are employed in the nonpolar carrier liquids The present invention provides a new method of to charge and stabilize the colloidal metal dispersions. making a palladium and/or platinum colloidal metal These patents disclose that the metallic toner fluid com dispersion. The method comprises reducing a metallo positions can be prepared using a gas evaporation reac organic palladium and/or platinum metal salt in a dis tor (GER), a Klabunde-style static reactor, or a Tor 25 persing medium that comprises an organic carrier liquid rovap TM rotary reactor (Torrovap Industries, Mar and a soluble surfactant. The palladium and/or plati kam, Ontario, Canada). The GER is disclosed as being num metal of the metallo-organic metal salt is reduced the preferred reactor for making colloidal metal disper in the dispersing medium to form elemental metal parti sions. Although these reactors may be suitable for mak cles. The soluble surfactant is present in the dispersing ing colloidal metal dispersions, each of these reactors, 30 including the preferred GER, provide difficult and medium in an amount sufficient to charge and stabilize mechanically-complicated ways of generating metallic the elemental palladium and/or platinum metal particles particles for toner fluids. as a colloidal dispersion. For example, the GER generates metal particles from This method is advantageous in that: (i) it provides a bulk metal under very stringent operating conditions. 35 colloidal metal dispersion under mild conditions; (ii) it The metal is heated in a furnace chamber to a tempera allows the concentration of metal particles to be more ture that can be in excess of 1000 C. under a relatively easily controlled; (iii) it permits a colloidal metal disper low vacuum. The metal particles that form from this sion to be made without employing expensive equip heating are carried from the furnace chamber to the ment; (iv) it employs metallo-organic metal salts, which carrier liquid by an inert gas. Frequently, vacuum leaks unlike the previously-disclosed organometallic com occur in the GER, causing an increase in particle size an pounds, are readily available and unlikely to have dele oxidation of the metal particles (when oxidizable metals terious effects on the use of the resulting metal disper are used). In addition, it is very difficult, if not impossi sion as a toner fluid; and (v) it is more practical for ble, to generate small metal particles at a fast rate; commercial scale up. thereby making a commercialized process impractical. 45 Colloidal metal particles produced by the method of Large metal particles are not as suitable for use in a this invention can be electrophoretically-deposited on a metallic toner fluid composition because the dispersions primary receiving substrate to make a nonconductive tend to be less stable, and when the large particles are metallic coating. Electrophoretic deposition is a process deposited on a substrate they provide low image resolu where dispersed, charged pigment particles migrate to tions. High resolutions are needed to make good 50 graphic images. and deposit upon a surface under the influence of an U.S. Pat. No. 4,252,677 discloses a method of prepar electric field. The non-conductive metallic coating or a ing a dispersion of colloidal nickel, palladium, or plati portion thereof can be transferred from the primary num metal particles in the size range of about 10 to 200 receiving substrate to a secondary receiving substrate. Angstroms. The method comprises preparing a solution 55 Before or after this transfer, the metallic coating can be of a functional polymer in an inert solvent, and incre contacted with an electroless metal plating solution to mentally adding thereto an organometallic metal pre form a metal plating thereon. Articles that bear an elec cursor containing nickel, palladium, or platinum. The trophoretically-deposited metallic coating can be used temperature of the solution is sufficiently high to de in catalysis. Electroless plating is an example of a cata compose the organometallic metal precursor to yield lytic application for metallic coatings, and an electroless colloidal metal particles. The only palladium and plati plated article may be useful in electronics as a circuit or num organometallic metal precursors that are disclosed in graphic arts as a metallic image. in this patent are dichloroplatinumdicarbonyl and dipal ladiumchlorodicarbonyl. These organometallic metal GLOSSARY precursors have the carbon atom bound directly to the 65 As used herein: metal aton and contain neutral carbonyl functionality, "electrically conductive", when referring to metallic and therefore require an anionic species, in this case, coatings, means that the conductivity of the coatings is chloride, to balance the positive charge of the metal. greater than 10 (ohm-cm)-l; 5,332,646 3 4. "electrically nonconductive', when referring to me Reduction of palladium and/or platinum in the metal tallic coatings, means that the conductivity of the coat lo-organic metal salts can be accomplished by employ ings is less than or equal to 103 (ohm-cm) l; ing a primary or secondary reducing agent in the dis "metallic coating' means a continuous, discontinu persing medium.
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