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Tibetanske Isbreer 32 De to Panchen Lama 36 Dalai Lamas 10 #1 20 20 . årg . Verdens 10 ang ORGAN FOR DEN NORSKE Tak TIBET-KOMITÉ Obama 4 Dialog 7 Klimaforskning i Tibet 32 Leder: En president uten land En president uten land Penpa Tsering, presidenten i det eksiltibetanske parlamentet i Dharamsala i India, besøkte Norge fra 6. til 8. juni. Tsering kom fra Holland, men hadde vært i USA før det, og hadde en rekke andre reisemål i Europa på programmet etter avreisen fra Norge. I en drøy måned skulle han reise rundt for å tale Tibets sak, overfor euro- peiske parlamenter og amerikanske politikere, men ikke minst overfor tibetgrupper i Den norske Tibet-komité de forskjellige landene. Jeg har hatt gleden av å møte Tsering både i Dharamsala i 2004 og i Roma i 2009. Han Leder er en åpen og lun person, nysgjerrig søkende og full av humor. Mens han besøkte Olav Gunnar Ballo Oslo fikk flere av oss i Tibet-komitéen oppleve hans varme og inkluderende vesen. E-post: leder alfakrøll tibet.no Styremedlemmer Tserings historier viste, uten at han beklaget seg en eneste gang, hvor krevende det Thrond Berge Larsen, Oslo/Akerhus Andrea Haugen Shaw, Oslo/Akerhus er å drive politikk overfor vestens demokratier når du er leder for et parlament uten Camilla Solholm tilgang til sitt eget land. Symptomatisk nok ble det ikke Stortingets president Tsering Wenche Thingnes fikk møte, men politikere som ikke behøver å frykte Kinas vrede ved å ta Tsering i Roy-Arne Varsi hånden. Varamedlemmer Margrethe Broch-Due, Oslo/Akershus Jørgen G. Bosoni, Midt-Norge Tsering er en atypisk politiker sammenlignet med hovedtyngden av parlamentspre- Nyima Yanchen, Oslo/Akershus sidenter og statsledere i vestlige demokratier (for ordens skyld – unntak finnes). For Tenzin Kalsang med posisjonene følger gjerne et anstrøk av selvhøytidelighet og en sfinxaktig ut- trykksmåte, der mer makt gir mer utydelighet, med uttalelser som gir rom for fortolk- Kontaktpersoner i lokallagene: ninger, slik reven sikrer seg mer enn en utgang fra hiet. Oslo/Akershus Margrethe Broch-Due Det virker som om utfordringen med å få dører til å åpnes skaper annerledes politi- Tlf: 958 30 199 E-post: osloakershus alfakrøll tibet.no kere av eksiltibetanerne. Det er ingen rom for arroganse, rollene krever imøtekom- menhet og ydmykhet. Den preger også i aller høyeste grad Dalai Lama, slik den har Oppland preget noen av de ledere i verden som oppnådde mest, enten de het Nelson Mandela, Elisabeth Kværne Tlf: 61 36 51 90 Rigoberta Menchú eller Mahatma Ghandi. E-post: oppland alfakrøll tibet.no Midt-Norge Det er noe forunderlig over Vestens unnfallenhet i møtet med representanter for Jørgen G. Bosoni eksil-Tibet. Hva har Vestens politikere egentlig å risikere i sine hjemland, annet enn Tlf: 930 28 426 anerkjennelse ved å ta menneskerettigheter på alvor? På Nobelsenteret så vi filmsnut- E-post: trondheim alfakrøll tibet.no ter med taler av Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela, og Wilhelm de Klerk. Det vi så Nord-Norge var politikere som risikerte mye, tidvis sine egne liv, i kampen for rettferdighet. Til Roy-Arne Varsi E-post: varsi.dntk alfakrøll gmail.com sammenligning risikerer vestlige politikere ikke stort annet enn pliktmessige angrep fra kinesiske diplomater. Stavanger Hilde Helle Olsen Tlf: 515 34 261 Etter at Tsering hadde forlatt Norge snakket han med varme til utenlandske medier om oppholdet her, og innsatsen som nedlegges i Norge for Tibets frihetskamp. Det var hyggelige ord for oss som møtte ham. Samtidig tenker jeg: Også i Norge er den samlede innsatsen for Tibets sak knapt større enn det som med rimelighet må kunne forventes i fredsprisens hjemland. Tserings hyllest til Norge blir en illustrasjon på hvor stort potensialet er for mer hjelp, mer bistand, mer synlighet for menneskeret- tighetene i Tibet og andre undertrykte nasjoner og kulturer. Olav Gunnar Ballo Leder Den norske Tibet-komité 2 VERDENS TAK NR. 1 2010 Innhold Leder: En president uten land 2 Hva kan Obama gjøre for Tibet? 4 Dialogen mellom Kina og Dalai Lama 7 Kinas arbeidsforum om Tibet i 2010: 9 Et vendepunkt mot å innfri grunnleggende menneskelige behov? Fra Lillehammer til Lhasa 17 Obama og Tibet Side 4 En dag i Tibet 20 Tibets mange ansikter 25 – kulturelle øyeblikk og møter fra Tibet Lhamo 29 – tibetansk opera i eksil. En stemningsrapport fra Kathmandu, Nepal Tibetanske isbreer 32 De to Panchen Lama 36 Dalai Lamas 10. mars-tale 39 Ny retning i Tibet? Side 9 Jordskjelv i Tibet 40 Vitnesbyrd fra Kyegudo 41 Nyheter 44 Siden sist - nytt fra Tibet-komitéen 47 Reiseskildringer Side 20 - 29 Verdens Tak utgis av Den norske Tibet-komité Kirkegata 5 0153 OSLO Tlf.: 22 47 92 00 Faks: 22 47 92 01 E-post: info alfakrøll tibet.no Redaktør: Bodil Fremstad E-post, redaktør: redaktor alfakrøll tibet.no Redaksjon: Harald Askestad, Bodil Fremstad E-post, redaksjonen: redaksjonen alfakrøll tibet.no Takk til: Pål Meland, Gabriel Lafitte, Annika Hagstrøm, Olav-Gunnar Ballo, Inge Bjart Torkildsen, Internett: www.tibet.no Roy-Arne Varsi, Stein Arne Fossum, Chungdak Koren, Anne Pedersen, Jim McGill, Giovanna Calogiuri Trykket med støtte fra Norad Layout og sats: Harald Askestad Design: Sven Inge Bråten Forfatterne er ansvarlige for egne artikler, og Trykk: Prinfo Unique representerer ikke nødvendigvis synspunktene Forside: Den tibetanske landeveien. Foto: Jim McGill Photography til Den norske Tibet-komité. Bakside: Bilde fra Annika Hagstrøms utstilling. Se s. 25. VERDENS TAK NR. 1 2010 3 Hva kan Obama gjøre for Tibet? I forrige nummer av Verdens Tak satte vi søkelyset på USAs forhold til Tibet-spørsmålet under president Barack Obama. Bakgrunnen var tildelingen av Nobels fredspris – en pris som var kontroversiell for mange på grunn av Obamas korte tid i presidentembe- tet. I denne artikkelen diskuteres denne problemstillingen videre. Det sentrale spørs- målet som stilles er hva president Obama kan gjøre for Tibet. Av Pål Meland ken av møter i dialogen mellom par- noen måte skulle være en forbindel- tene. I disse møtene bekreftet nok se mellom disse opptøyene og eksil- President Obama besøkte Kina i en gang utsendingene fra tibetanske myndighetene. Samtidig hender det november 2009. Besøket hadde et eksilmyndigheter at de aksepterer at det kommer utsagn om slike sam- sterkt fokus på økonomiske spørs- Kinas herredømme over Tibet, og menhenger fra politisk hold i Kina. mål. Flere kritiserte i etterkant at det at de respekterer de nåværende ter- Slik agitasjon rettes ofte mot Dalai ble et for svakt fokus på spørsmål ritorialgrensene til folkerepublikken. Lama personlig i forbindelse med at knyttet til demokrati og menneske- Samtidig la de frem et memorandum han fremstilles som en såkalt ”split- rettigheter. Riktignok holdt Obama for genuint selvstyre for det tibetan- tist”, dvs. en som ønsker å splitte det en tale for studenter i Shanghai hvor ske folk. I denne vektlegges det at kinesiske moderlandet. han vektla ytringsfrihet og et usensu- tibetansk selvstyre kan la seg gjen- rert internett. Han fremmet derimot nomføre innenfor rammen av den I februar 2010 gjennomførte Dalai ikke en spesielt sterk kritikk når det kinesiske konstitusjonen. Hvorvidt Lama et besøk til USA. Det knyttet gjaldt kinesisk politikk i ver- seg stor spenning til hvorvidt ken Tibet eller Xinjiang. Tibet det ville bli et personlig møte ble likevel diskutert i et møte Under møtet med Dalai Lama ga pre- mellom ham og president med president Hu Jintao. I sident Obama sin fulle støtte til hans Obama i løpet av besøket. følge amerikanske myndig- ”middle way approach”, dvs. selvstyre for Bakgrunnen for dette var po- heter gjentok Obama her at Tibet innenfor rammen av den kinesiske litisk press fra kinesiske myn- de respekterer at Tibet er en staten. digheter. Fra Beijing kom det del av Kina, men at de ønsker advarsler om at et møte mel- fortsatt dialog mellom kine- lom de to ville bli sett på som siske myndigheter og Dalai Lama et slikt selvstyre er i samsvar med en provoserende innblanding i indre med sikte på å komme frem til enig- konstitusjonen har tidligere vært et kinesiske anliggender. På samme tid het mellom partene. tema for diskusjon. var det flere skjær i forholdet mellom de to land. Kina var sterkt kritisk til Helt uavhengig av dette ble det i ja- Opptøyene i Tibet i 2008 er frem- amerikansk salg av våpen til Taiwan, nuar avholdt møter mellom Kina og deles et tema i dialogen mellom par- samt forulempet av amerikansk kri- Dalai Lamas utsendinger i Beijing. tene. De tibetanske utsendingene har tikk av landets sensur av internett. Dette var den niende runden i rek- gjentatte ganger avkreftet at det på President Obama valgte å trosse ad- 4 VERDENS TAK NR. 1 2010 Dalai Lama i samtale med president Obama i Det hvite hus, 18. februar 2010 Foto: Pete Souza/Det hvite hus pressebilder varslene. Dalai Lama ble tatt i mot i En annen positiv utvikling er at USA mellom kinesiske myndigheter og Det hvite hus i Washington den 18. og Kina vil gjennomføre nye møter i tibetanske eksilmyndigheter for å februar. Han møtte også utenriksmi- den bilaterale menneskerettighetsdi- legge forholdene bedre til rette for nister Hillary Clinton i løpet av sitt alogen mellom de to land. Det vil bli forståelse mellom de to partene. For besøk i den amerikanske hovedsta- avholdt et møte i Washington D.C. det andre at USA arbeider for å få den. Obama er den fjerde amerikan- i mai måned. Dette blir det første Kina til å invitere Dalai Lama på ske presidenten på rad som har tatt i møtet i dialogen siden mai 2008, og besøk til landet. Det første av disse mot Dalai Lama i Det hvite hus. dermed det første siden Obama tok forslagene kan sees på som en type over presidentembetet. Dette skaper megling, mens det andre kan sees på Under møtet med Dalai Lama ga forventning om en utvikling i disku- som en oppfølging av en tidligere president Obama sin fulle støtte til sjonen om menneskerettigheter mel- uttalelse fra Obama.
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