Pastoral Theology
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LIBRARY The PASTORAL THEOLOGY. PRINTED BV MURRAY AND GIBB, FOR T. & T. CLARK, EDINBURGH. LONDON, HAMILTON, ADAMS, AND CO. DUBLIN, JOHN ROBERTSON AND CO. NEW YORK, .... SCRIBNER, WELFORD, AND ARMSTRONG. PASTORAL THEOLOGY A TREA TISE ON THE OFFICE AND DUTIES OF THE CHRISTIAN PASTOR. BY THE LATE PATRICK^AIRBAIRN, D.D., ' PRINCIPAL OF THE FREE CHURCH COLLEGE, GLASGOW ; AUTHOR OF TYPOLOGY OF SCRIPTURE,' 'commentary ON THE PASTORAL EPISTLES,' ETC. ETC. amitfj a Biograpfjical ^hctcfj of tfjc ^utfjor fig REV. JAMES DODDS, EDINBURGH: T. & T. CLARK, 38 GEORGE STREET. 1875. ; PREFACE. THE lamented Author of this treatise lived to prepare it for the press. It seems to have been originally written in its present form, though it was repeatedly delivered to his class as a course of lectures. There can also be little doubt that it was intended to be a sequel or companion volume to his recently published work on the Pastoral Epistles. As such it may safely be accepted by the public for the sound judgment, lofty aim, and evangelical spirit that characterize the work on the Epistles will not be found wanting in the present performance. Though probably not free from the defects almost inseparable from posthumous publications, the following pages will, it is hoped, amply sustain the high character of Principal Fairbairn as a theological professor. They relate to a subject which in these days is of growing importance, and which has by no means been exhausted, though several good practical works connected with it have of late made their appearance. Principal Fairbairn left instructions that no extended memoir of him should be published by any of his friends. Accordingly, nothing of the kind has been attempted \ but as VI PREFACE. he also indicated that he had no objection to a brief record of the leading events of his life being given to the public, it has been thought advisable by his trustees that such a summary should be prefixed to this work. A succinct Bio- graphical Sketch has therefore been prepared by one who knew him long and well, who was among the first to become acquainted with his high merits as an author, and who always regarded with admiration his noble Christian character. CONTENTS. PAGE Biographical Sketch, . , ix CHAPTER I. Introductory. —The Relation of the Pastoral Office TO THE Church, and the Connection between Right Views of the one and a Proper Estimate of the OTHER, . .1 CHAPTER II. The Nature of the Pastoral Office, and the Call to ENTER on its FUNCTIONS, . -39 CHAPTER III. The Pastoral and Social Life of the Pastor, . 79 CHAPTER IV. The more Special Duties of the Pastoral Office, . 120 viil CONTENTS. CHAPTER V. PAGE Different Kinds of Discourses, .... 239 CHAPTER VI. Supplementary Methods of Instruction. Personal In- tercourse. Dealings with Special Cases. Pastoral \ Visitations. Catechetical Instruction. Visitation OF the Sick, the Afflicted, and Dying, . 271 CHAPTER VII. Public Prayer and other Devotional Services, . 307 CHAPTER VIIL The Administration of Discipline, . 326 CHAPTER IX. Subsidiary Means and Agencies, .... 346 ' ' ft- .n-':> f^^. '•-j:^.* BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. Patrick Fairbairn was born at Hallyburton, in the parish of Greenlaw, Berwickshire, on the 28th January 1805. He was the second son of a family of five children. The eldest of the family, a brother, predeceased him ; the three younger members, two brothers and a sister, still survive. His father, a respectable farmer, was able to give all his children a good education, and to educate two of them for the Christian ministry, namely, the subject of this sketch, and John, the third of the family, now minister of the Free Church at Greenlaw. Patrick, considered from his eariiest years a highly pro- mising boy, was sent to various schools in the district with a view to his being prepared for the University. None of profited to such these schools were of a superior kind ; yet he an extent by the tuition they furnished, that he proceeded to the University of Edinburgh in November 18 18, before he had completed his fourteenth year. Like many Scottish youths of that period, he commenced his college studies much too early, and had in subsequent years to work doubly hard in order to make up for the deficiencies of his pre- liminary education. He attended the classes of Professors X BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. Pillans, Dunbar, Wilson, Wallace, Dr. Ritchie, and Sir John Leslie. He was noted as a diligent and well-conducted brilHant or student ; but he seems to have made no very distinguished figure in any leading branch of academic study. His mind was of that order which comes to maturity rather than rather slowly ; and he aimed at solid progress showy distinction. Early in his college career he resolved to study for the Christian ministry. In this matter he was greatly influenced by his mother, who was a woman of fervent piety and great Christian worth. All her children owed much to her pru- dent and prayerful training ; but Patrick seems to have been specially benefited by her influence, and example. On the occasion of her death in 1861, her distinguished son thus ' wrote of her : I doubt if I should ever have thought of giving myself to the ministry, had it not been for the early bent my mind received from her spirit and instructions. While I live I cannot but cherish her memory with afl"ection and regard ; and I shall rest in the hope of meeting her in another and better state of existence.' The young student never prized highly the advantages presented by the classes at the University as they were con- ducted in his time. With one or two exceptions, the pro- fessors in the Arts Course were not successful teachers j and few students ever thought of taking a degree. Wilson was a brilliant lecturer, but he never attempted any systematic instruction in Moral Philosophy. Wallace and Leslie were profound mathematicians, but failed in carrying their students along with them in the demonstrations of the class-room. Patrick Fairbairn never ceased to lament the imperfect training he received at college. The great im- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. XI provements that have of late been effected in the Edinburgh University system were not even projected in his early academic days. When he entered the Divinity Hall, he found matters worse than they were in the Faculty of Arts. Dr. William Ritchie, an old and infirm man, who had never been very efficient, was Professor of Systematic Divinity ; Dr. Brunton was Professor of Hebrew ; and Dr. Meiklejohn of Church History. There was nothing in the Hall to stimulate or reward the exertions of the students. Dulness and routine prevailed in all the classes ; there was in none of them much evangelical life or theological enthusiasm. Several able young men were fellow-students with Patrick Fairbairn, and like him afterwards made a distinguished figure in the Church ; but they owed little of their learning to the instructions of the theological professors. It was not till Dr. Chalmers had been appointed to the Chair of Syste- matic Theology, and Dr. Welsh to the Chair of Church History, that the Edinburgh Divinity Hall acquired a character worthy of the famous University to which it belongs. It must here be mentioned that the young Berwickshire student received much assistance in the course of his philosophical studies from a Mr. Hay, a small merchant in the quiet little town of Gordon, near Greenlaw. This Mr. Hay belonged to a class of men who were, perhaps, once more numerous in Scotland than they are now,—men who, though moving in a humble station, and possessed of limited means, yet contrived to cultivate literature and philosophy in a remarkable manner, and to gather all sorts of informa- tion from such miscellaneous collections of books as they XU BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. were able to purchase or borrow. This Gordon philosopher delighted to impart to superior young men the various knowledge he had accumulated, and to kindle in their minds that genuine love of moral and metaphysical specu- lation with which he was himself inspired. During a considerable period of his University career, Mr. Fairbaim attended the ministry of Dr. Robert Gordon, then held in the highest repute as a powerful evangelical preacher. The high intellect of Dr. Gordon, joined to his solemn and impressive pulpit oratory, peculiarly attracted the better class of theological students, and indeed many leading pro- fessional men in Edinburgh. His influence in recommend- ing the gospel to the more cultivated classes of society was very great ; and down to the close of his life he was, as a highly intellectual yet truly spiritual preacher, almost un- rivalled. It is well known that the late Principal Cunning- ham was profoundly influenced in early life by one of Dr. Gordon's printed sermons, and that ever afterwards he re- garded him with special affection. Patrick Fairbairn must also be set down as one of those young men of high pro- mise who received great benefit, at a critical period of life, from Dr. Gordon's powerful ministrations. There was another excellent Edinburgh minister to whom the youthful student was introduced in his college days, and to whom he became united by the ties of the closest friendship. This was the late Dr. James Henderson of Free St. Enoch's Church, Glasgow, who in the early part of his life was minister of Stockbridge Chapel of Ease, Edinburgh. After living on terms of cordial intimacy for half a century, the two friends were but a short while separated by death. Dr. Hender- son surviving Principal Fairbaim little more than a month. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.