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The Genus Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Canary Islands

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The Genus Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Canary Islands Courier Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 159: 113-117 Frankfurt a.M., 01.07.1993 The Genus Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Canary Islands M. CANDELARIA GIL-RODRIGUEZ & RICARDO HAROUN I Figure The genus Laurencia LAMOUROUX is a group of In the Atlantic Coasts, SAITO (1982) made a short medium-sized, erect, fleshy or cartilaginous, red al­ review of three typical European species: L. obtusa gae distributed from temperate to tropical waters. (HUDSON) LAMOUROUX, L. pinnatifida (HUDSON) LA­ During the last few years several collections along MOUROUX and L. hybrida (De.) LENORMAND. Other the coasts of the Canary Islands have shown the im­ researches carried out in this troublesome genus in portant role of the Laurencia species in the intertidal the Atlantic Ocean were made by TAYLOR (1960) in communities; however, it is rather problematic to Eastern Tropical and Subtropical Coasts of America, identify many of the taxa observed, and it seems 0LIVEIRA-FILHO {1969) in Brazil, MAGNE (1980) in necessary to make a biosystematic review of this ge­ the French Atlantic Coasts, LAWSON & JoHN (1982) nus in the Macaronesian Region. in the West Coast of Africa, RODRIGUEZ DE Rros LAMouRoux in 1813 established the genus with 8 (1981), RODRIGUEZ DE RIOS & SAITO (1982, 1985) and species, but he didn't mention a type species. Critical RODRIGUEZ DE RIOS & LOBO {1984) in Venezuela. systematic studies have been made by several authors, C. AGARDH (1823, 1824), J.AGARDH {1842, 1851, 1880), DE TONI {1903, 1924), YAMADA {1931), after reviewing many type specimens from different American and European Herbaria. TSENG {1943) Material and methods studied the Hong-Kong species, DAWSON (1944, 1963) reported on the Pacific Mexican species, CRIBB (I 958) The morphology of the species were studied using on the Australian species (Southeastern Queensland), the herbarium sheets deposited in the La Laguna DURIRATNAM {1963) on species from Sri Lanka and University Herbarium (TFC Phyc.) as well as with HOLLENBERG & ABBOTT (1965) on the Californian fresh samples from the Canary Islands; the taxonomi­ species. cal characters were observed with binocular lens and More recently, the extensive works of SAITO optical microscope. The fresh samples were studied {1964, 1966, 1967, 1969a, 1969b & 1985), SAITO & before and after fixation in 4% formalin in seawater, WOMERSLEY (1974), CHANG & BANGNEI {1980, 1983) kept in a dark place and a part were included in the and NAM & KANG (1984) have made a great contri­ TFC Phyc. bution to the knowledge of this genus in the Pacific The taxonomical characters used for the systema­ Basin. tic of the genus over the specific level are: I) Secondary pit-connections between adjacent su­ Since 198 7 we could not only collect all the perficial cortical cells: presence (Fig. 1a) versus above-mentioned species but also 4 identified other absence (Fig. I b). species and a number of which still remains uniden­ 2) Origin of tetrasporangia: adaxial (Fig. lc) or ab­ tified. It is our intention to continue this investiga­ axial (Fig. 1d). tion. 3) Disposition of tetrasporangia in the stichidial branches: parallel type (Fig. le) or right-angle type (Fig. I f). Records of species new to the Canary Islands 4) Shape and disposition of spermatangial recepta­ cles: cup-like (Fig. lg) or pocket-like (Fig. Ih); 1) Laurencia corallopsis (MoNTAGNE) HowE (TAY­ determinate (ending branch growth) or indeterm­ LOR 1928 & 1960; YAMADA 1931; RODRIGUEZ DE inate (not ending branch growth). RIOS & SAITO 1982) 2) Laurencia flexilis SETCHELL (SETCHELL 1926; YA­ Besides, other characters were used to identify MADA 1931; BOERGENSEN (1945) the species. 3) Laurencia majuscula (HARVEY) LUCAS (SAITO 1969b; SAITO & WOMERSLEY 1974; LAWSON & JOHN 1982) 4) Laurencia platycephala K'OTZING (MAGNE 1980) Results 5) Laurencia sp. I (section Laurencia SAITO) In the Canarian Area, only records and chorologi­ cal data of some taxa are known. The first species from the Canarian area was de­ Provisional key of the genus Laurencia scribed by BORY ST. VICENT (1804) as Fucus perfora­ in the Canary Islands tus BORY (= Laurencia perforata (BORY) MONTAGNE]. Until the recent studies of VIERA-RODRIGUEZ et a!. With secondary pit-connections between cortical (1987) the following species have been reported: cells ............................. 2 (Sub g. Laurencia SAITO) 1) Laurencia brongniartii J. AGARDH (VIERA-RODRI­ I* Without secondary pit-connections between cor­ GUEZ 1985; PRUD'HOMME VAN REINE com. pers.) tical cells . 3 2) Laurencia hybrida (De.) LENORMAND (PICCONE 1884; BOERGESEN 1930; LEVRING 197 4; GIL-Ro­ 2 Branches terete or subterete. Radial branching DRIGUEZ & AFONSO-CARRILLO 1980; AUDIFFRED pattern ............. Sect. Laurencia SAITO & WEISSCHER 1984; JORGE et a!. 1986; PRUD' (L. majuscula, L. obtusa, L. tenera & L. sp. I) HOMME VAN REINE com. pers.) 2* Branches compressed. Complanate branching Syn.: Laurencia canariensis MONTAGNE in !itt. pattern ..... Sect. Planae SAITO & WOMERSLEY (KUTZING 1849, 1865), Laurencia caespitosa LA­ (L. brogniartii) MOUROUX (HARVEY 1846-1851; AGARDH 1851) 3) Laurencia obtusa (HUDSON) LAMOUROUX (MON­ 3 Tetrasporangia-initials of abaxial cutting-off. TAGNE 1839-1841; PICCONE 1884; BOERGESEN Spermatangial receptacle of determinate posi­ 1930; GIL-RODRIGUEZ & AFONSO-CARRILLO 1980; tion, cup-like type and with clear central axis LOPEZ-HERNANDEZ & GIL-RODRIGUEZ 1982; RI­ 4 BERA et a!. 1984; AUDIFFRED & WEISSCHER 1984; 3* Tetrasporangia-initials of adaxial cutting-off. AUDIFFRED 1985; VIERA-RODRIGUEZ 1985; JORGE Spermatangial receptacle of determinate posi­ et a!. 1986; GONZALEZ 1986; VIERA-RODRIGUEZ tion, cup-like and/or pocket-like type and with­ eta!. 1987; PRUD'HOMME VAN REINE com. pers.) out clear central axis. Tetrasporangia parallel 4) Laurencia panicu[ata (C. AGARDH) J. AGARDH type . Subg. nov. Pinnatifida (AUDIFFRED 1985; GONZALEZ 1986). (L. hybrida & L. pinnatifida) 5) Laurencia papillosa (FORSKAAL) GREVILLE (PIC­ CONE 1884; GIL-RODRIGUEZ & AFONSO-CARRILLO 4 Tetrasporangia right angle type .......... 5 1980; RIBERA eta!. 1984; JORGE eta!. 1986). (Subg. Chondrophycus TOKIDA & SAITO) 6) Laurencia perjorata (BORY) MONTAGNE (BORY ST. 4* Tetrasporangia parallel type ............. VICENT 1804; BOERGESEN 1930; LEVRING 1974; . ..... group Platycephala GIL-RODRIGUEZ & AFONSO-CARRILLO 1980; LO­ (L. platycephala) PEZ-HERNANDEZ & GIL-RODRIGUEZ 1982; AUDIF­ 5 Cortical cells elongate and palisade-like, thallus FRED & WEISSCHER 1984; AUDIFFRED 1985; VIE­ drying cartilagineous .. Sect. Palisadae YAMADA RA-RODRIGUEZ 1985; JORGE et a!. 1986; GONZA­ (L. corallopsis, L. paniculata, L. papillosa LEZ 1986; VIERA-RODRIGUEZ et a!. 1987; PRUD' & L. perforata) HOMME VAN REINE com. pers.) 5* Cortical cells not elongate and not palisade-like, 7) Laurencia pinnatifida (HUDSON) LAMOUROUX thallus not drying cartilagineous .......... (MONTAGNE 1839-1941; PICCONE 1884; BOERGE­ . Sect. Chondrophycus SAITO SEN 1930; LEVRING 1974; GIL-RODRIGUEZ & (L. flexilis) AFONSO-CARRILLO 1980; LOPEZ-HERNANDEZ & GIL-RODRIGUEZ 1982; RIBERA et al. 1984; GIL­ RoDRIGUEZ et al. 1985; JORGE et a!. 1986; GoN­ Conclusions ZALEZ 1986; PRUD'HOMME VAN REINE com. pers.) 8) Laurencia tenera TSENG (PRUD'HOMME VAN REINE In this first contribution to the study of the genus com. pers.) Laurencia in the Canarian Archipelago, the number of species have increased from eight to thirteen. The new records are: Laurencia corallopsis, L. flexilis, L. -~ )J~~J)~-~~~ majuscula, L. platycephala and Laurencia sp. 1. ·!l ~ '~. V0~\.. )~l~~ j. ..-'.) :rt··:\\\ .. \1''1.\.J···J<\. ;-~.( However, other taxa have been collected, although J:~ ~j( ~~~y ;' ~~ ~ I their taxonomic position needs more detailed research. );,1<~~~~)- "- \!y('\i~l~ ~~1 F1 -"'1/ I J:..-• C:/''c- \ 1, ' f[ ;I We have made a provisional systematic key to the p.;(' r ~'-"' subgenus and sections of Laurencia studied in our A B C D area. Thirteen species have been identified. Eleven have been included in the subgenus Laurencia (sections Laurencia and Planae) and in the subgenus Chondro­ phycus (sections Chondrophycus, Palisadae and and a 0l l···r; ~ new group "Platycephala"). Two species, L. pinnatiji­ da and L. hybrida have been included in the new E F G H subgenus "Pinnatijida". We propose a third subgenus, Pinnatijida subge­ nus nov.: Longitudinal secondary pit-connections Fig. 1. The taxonomical characters used of the genus among the cortical cells are absent; the tetrasporangial Laurencia LAMOUROUX. - Secondary pit-connections arrangements are a parallel type and have adaxial between cortical cells: A = presence; B = absence. - cut-offs; the spermatangial receptacles are cup-like Origin of tetrasporangia: C = adaxial; D = abaxial. - and/ or pocket-like; cortical cells are not radially Disposition of tetrasporangia; E = parallel type; F = elongated and not palisade-like. right-angle type. - Shape and disposition of sperma­ L. platycephala has not been included in section tangial receptacle: G = cup-like; H = pocket-like. level, it remains as the "Platycephala" group, in the subgenus Chondrophycus. Its systematic position should be reviewed together with other complanate species of the Subtropical Atlantic Area. Summary Differences between the subgenus and sections Up to now, only eight species of Laurencia have of the genus Laurencia been reported on the Canarian Coasts. However, a re­ vision of La Laguna University Herbarium (TFC Phyc.) and with fresh collections made from 1987 to I. Subgenus Laurencia SAITO 1989 in several locations along the Canarian
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