DOCSLIB.ORG

Systematics of the Laurencia Complex(Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Systematics of the Laurencia Complex(Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) Systematics of the Laurencia complex (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in southern Africa By Caitlynne Melanie Francis Thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Science in the Department of Biological Sciences in the Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa UniversityMay of 2014 Cape Town Supervisor: Professor John J. Bolton1 Co-Supervisors: Dr Lydiane Mattio1 & Associate Professor Robert J. Anderson1, 2 1Department of Biological Sciences, Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa 2Seaweed Research, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai 8012, South Africa I The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my own, unaided work and has not been submitted in this or any form to another university. Where use has been made of the research of others, it has been duly acknowledged in the text. Work discussed in this thesis was carried out under the supervision of Professor JJ Bolton and Dr Lydiane Mattio of the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town and Associate Professor RJ Anderson of Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town. ____________________ Caitlynne Melanie Francis Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town May 2014 II TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................ I DECLARATION ......................................................................................................... II TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. III LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... VI LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... IX ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. X CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Seaweeds .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Economic and chemical importance of seaweeds ...................................... 2 1.3 General Biology and taxonomy of Rhodophyta ......................................... 4 1.4 Systematics of the genus Laurencia and the Laurencia complex .............. 10 1.5 Geographical distribution of the Laurencia complex ................................. 16 1.6 South Africa and Laurencia ........................................................................ 20 CHAPTER 2: MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE LAURENCIA COMPLEX (RHODOMELACEAE, RHODOPHYTA) IN SOUTH AFRICA 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 27 2.2 Materials and Methods ............................................................................... 29 2.3 Results ........................................................................................................ 34 2.4 Discussion ................................................................................................... 41 III CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTIONS OF AND KEY TO SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES IN THE LAURENCIA COMPLEX, WITH THE ADDITION OF FIVE NEW SPECIES 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 44 3.2 Materials and Methods ............................................................................... 47 3.3 Results & Discussion ................................................................................. 48 Morphological Descriptions ................................................................. 50 Laurencia brongniartii ............................................................. 50 Laurencia complanata ............................................................. 52 Laurencia cf. corymbosa .......................................................... 54 Laurencia dehoopiensis sp. nov. .............................................. 56 Laurencia dichotoma sp. nov. .................................................. 57 Laurencia digitata sp. nov. ....................................................... 59 Laurencia cf. elata ............................................................. 60 Laurencia flexuosa ............................................................. 62 Laurencia glomerata ............................................................ 65 Laurencia multiclavata sp. nov. ............................................... 67 Laurencia natalensis ............................................................ 69 Laurencia pumila ............................................................. 71 Laurencia sodwaniensis sp. nov. .............................................. 73 Laurencia stegengae nom. nov. ................................................ 74 Taxonomic Key .................................................................................... 76 New Records for the Laurencia complex and additional notes ........... 78 Plates ..................................................................................................... 81 IV CHAPTER 4: PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE LAURENCIA COMPLEX, WITH EMPHASIS ON THE SOUTH WEST INDIAN OCEAN 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 97 4.2 Materials and Methods ............................................................................... 100 4.3 Results ........................................................................................................ 105 4.4 Discussion ................................................................................................... 114 CHAPTER 5: GENERAL DISCUSSION ................................................................... 125 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 134 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................. 169 V LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: An illustration of the Laurencia sensu stricto life history. ……………………… 6 Figure 1.2 Simplified phylogeny of the Laurencia complex, based on the rbcL gene region 14 Figure 1.3: Known distribution of Laurencia sensu stricto (red outline) along the southern African coast. ……………………………………………………………………………… 22 Figure 2.1: Sampling sites on the west coast and the western & central portion of the south coast. ……………………………………………………………………………………… 30 Figure 2.2: Sampling sites on the eastern portion of the south coast, and the east coast 31 Figure 2.3: The 50% majority-rule Bayesian inference tree depicting the phylogenetic relationships between species of the South African Laurencia complex as inferred from the plastid rbcL gene region under a GTR + I + G model of sequence evolution. …………….. 36 Figure 3.1: Laurencia brongniartii ……………………………………………………… 81 Figure 3.2: Laurencia complanata ……………………………………………………… 82 Figure 3.3: Laurencia cf. corymbosa ……………………………………………………… 83 Figure 3.4: Laurencia dehoopiensis sp. nov. ……………………………………………… 84 Figure 3.5: Laurencia dichotoma sp. nov. ………………………………………………… 85 Figure 3.6: Laurencia digitata sp. nov. …………………………………………………… 86 Figure 3.7: Laurencia cf. elata ……………………………………………………………. 87 Figure 3.8: Laurencia flexuosa ……………………………………………………………. 88 Figure 3.9: Laurencia glomerata ………………………………………………………….. 89 VI Figure 3.10: Laurencia multiclavata sp. nov………………………………………………. 90 Figure 3.11: Laurencia natalensis …………………………………………………………. 91 Figure 3.12: Laurencia pumila …………………………………………………………….. 92 Figure 3.13: Laurencia sodwaniensis sp. nov. …………………………………………….. 93 Figure 3.14: Laurencia stegengae nom. nov. ……………………………………………… 94 Figure 3.15: Undescribed morphotypes of the Laurencia complex in South Africa …… 95-96 Figure 4.1: Map of the South Western Indian Ocean displaying collection localities ……. 101 Figure 4.2: The 50% majority consensus Bayesian phylogeny of the Laurencia complex in the SWIO inferred from the plastid marker rbcL ………………………………………… 108 Figure 4.3: The 50% majority consensus Bayesian phylogeny of the Laurencia complex in the ocean regions of the world inferred from the plastid marker rbcL ……………………. 113 Figure A1: Submorphotypes of Laurencia cf. corymbosa ………………………………... 199 VII LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Distinguishing characters used to identify the different genera in the Laurencia complex following Martin-Lescanne et al. (2010) ……………………………………... 17-18 Table 1.2: Laurencia complex species recorded from South Africa prior to this study (from Seagrief 1984, Silva et al. 1996, Stegenga et al. 1997 and De Clerck et al. 2005) showing whether or not they have been sequenced with the plastid gene, rbcL. …………………… 24 Table 2.1: The intergeneric, interspecific and intraspecific divergence values obtained for rbcL sequences of the Laurencia
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Newsletter 4
    PHYCOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER A PUBLICATION OF THE PHYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA WINTER INSIDE THIS ISSUE: 2008 PSA Meeting 1 SPRING 2008 Meetings and Symposia 2 Editor: Courses 5 Juan Lopez-Bautista VOLUME 44 Job Opportunities 11 Department of Biological Sciences Trailblazer 28: Sophie C. Ducker 12 University of Alabama Island to honor UAB scientists 18 Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 Books 19 [email protected] Deadline for contributions 23 ∗Dr. Karen Steidinger (Florida Fish and 1 2008 Meeting of Wildlife Research Institute) presenting The Phycological Society of America a plenary talk entitled “Harmful algal blooms in North America: Common risks.” New Orleand, Louisiana, USA NUMBER 27-30 July The associated mini-symposium speakers will be Dr. Leanne Flewelling (Florida Fish he Phycological Society of America (PSA) will and Wildlife Research Institute) present- hold its 2008 annual meeting on July 27-30, ing a talk entitled “Unexpected vectors of 1 T2008 in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. The brevetoxins to marine mammals” and Dr. meeting will be held on the campus of Loyola Jonathan Deeds (US FDA Center for Food University and is being hosted by Prof. James Wee Safety and Applied Nutrition) present- (Loyola University). The meeting will kick-off with ing a talk entitled “The evolving story of an opening mixer on the evening of Sunday, 27 July Gyrodinium galatheanum = Karlodinium and the scientific program will be Monday through micrum = Karlodinium veneficum. A ten- Wednesday, 28-30 July. The PSA banquet will be year perspective.” Wednesday evening at the Louisiana Swamp Ex- hibit at the Audubon Zoo. Optional field trips are *Dr. John W.
    [Show full text]
  • The Red Alga Polysiphonia (Rhodomelaceae) in the Northern Gulf of California
    The Red Alga Polysiphonia (Rhodomelaceae) in the Northern Gulf of California GEORGE J. HOLLENBERG ' • ,. • •a and JAMES N. NORRIS SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
    [Show full text]
  • METABOLIC EVOLUTION in GALDIERIA SULPHURARIA By
    METABOLIC EVOLUTION IN GALDIERIA SULPHURARIA By CHAD M. TERNES Bachelor of Science in Botany Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 2009 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May, 2015 METABOLIC EVOLUTION IN GALDIERIA SUPHURARIA Dissertation Approved: Dr. Gerald Schoenknecht Dissertation Adviser Dr. David Meinke Dr. Andrew Doust Dr. Patricia Canaan ii Name: CHAD M. TERNES Date of Degree: MAY, 2015 Title of Study: METABOLIC EVOLUTION IN GALDIERIA SULPHURARIA Major Field: PLANT SCIENCE Abstract: The thermoacidophilic, unicellular, red alga Galdieria sulphuraria possesses characteristics, including salt and heavy metal tolerance, unsurpassed by any other alga. Like most plastid bearing eukaryotes, G. sulphuraria can grow photoautotrophically. Additionally, it can also grow solely as a heterotroph, which results in the cessation of photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis. The ability to grow heterotrophically is likely correlated with G. sulphuraria ’s broad capacity for carbon metabolism, which rivals that of fungi. Annotation of the metabolic pathways encoded by the genome of G. sulphuraria revealed several pathways that are uncharacteristic for plants and algae, even red algae. Phylogenetic analyses of the enzymes underlying the metabolic pathways suggest multiple instances of horizontal gene transfer, in addition to endosymbiotic gene transfer and conservation through ancestry. Although some metabolic pathways as a whole appear to be retained through ancestry, genes encoding individual enzymes within a pathway were substituted by genes that were acquired horizontally from other domains of life. Thus, metabolic pathways in G. sulphuraria appear to be composed of a ‘metabolic patchwork’, underscored by a mosaic of genes resulting from multiple evolutionary processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Acanthophora Dendroides Harvey (Rhodomelaceae), a New Record for the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
    15 3 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 15 (3): 509–514 https://doi.org/10.15560/15.3.509 Acanthophora dendroides Harvey (Rhodomelaceae), a new record for the Atlantic and Pacific oceans Gabriela C. García-Soto, Juan M. Lopez-Bautista The University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Complex, 1325 Hackberry Ln, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA. Corresponding author: Gabriela García-Soto, [email protected] Abstract We record Acanthophora dendroides Harvey for the first time in the Atlantic Ocean. Two specimens from the Philip- pines were resolved as conspecific to the Atlantic A. dendroides in molecular analyses extending its geographic range to the Philippines. In light of new evidence provided by field-collected specimens ofAcanthophora spicifera (M.Vahl) Børgesen (generitype) from Florida and Venezuela, the flattened species A. pacifica(Setchell) Kraft, showed no affin- ity to Acanthophora sensu stricto, suggesting that the genus should be restricted to cylindrical species only. Key words Atlantic Ocean, Philippines, taxonomy. Academic editor: Luciane Fontana da Silva | Received 8 October 2018 | Accepted 21 January 2019 | Published 21 June 2019 Citation: García-Soto GC, Lopez-Bautista JM (2019) Acanthophora dendroides Harvey (Rhodomelaceae), a new record for the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Check List 15 (3): 509–514. https://doi.org/10.15560/15.3.509 Introduction Kraft are restricted to the Pacific Ocean (Guiry and Guiry 2018), A. dendroides Harvey to the Indian Ocean The genus Acanthophora J.V. Lamouroux 1813 is a (Silva et al. 1996) and A. ramulosa Lindenb. ex. Kutz- member of the tribe Chondrieae and it is distinguished from other genera of the tribe by the presence of spirally ing appears to be confined to the Gulf of Guinea in West arranged acute spines (Gordon-Mills and Womersley Africa (Steentoft 1967).
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns and Drivers of Species Diversity in the Indo-Pacific Red Seaweed Portieria
    Post-print: Leliaert, F., Payo, D.A., Gurgel, C.F.D., Schils, T., Draisma, S.G.A., Saunders, G.W., Kamiya, M., Sherwood, A.R., Lin, S.-M., Huisman, John M., Le Gall, L., Anderson, R.J., Bolton, John J., Mattio, L., Zubia, M., Spokes, T., Vieira, C., Payri, C.E., Coppejans, E., D'hondt, S., Verbruggen, H. & De Clerck, O. (2018) Patterns and drivers of species diversity in the Indo-Pacific red seaweed Portieria. Journal of Biogeography 45: 2299-2313. DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13410 Patterns and drivers of species diversity in the Indo-Pacific red seaweed Portieria Frederik Leliaert1,2, Dioli Ann Payo1,3, Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel4,19, Tom Schils5, Stefano G. A. Draisma6,7, Gary W. Saunders8, Mitsunobu Kamiya9, Alison R. Sherwood10, Showe-Mei Lin11, John M. Huisman12,13, Line Le Gall14, Robert J. Anderson15,16, John J. Bolton15, Lydiane Mattio15,17, Mayalen Zubia18, Tracey Spokes19, Christophe Vieira1, Claude E. Payri20, Eric Coppejans1, Sofie D'hondt1, Heroen Verbruggen1, Olivier De Clerck1 1Phycology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium 2Meise Botanic Garden, 1860 Meise, Belgium 3Division of Natural Sciences and Math, University of the Philippines Visayas Tacloban College, Tacloban, Philippines 4Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil 5University of Guam Marine Laboratory, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam, USA 6Excellence Center for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat
    [Show full text]
  • A Morphological and Phylogenetic Study of the Genus Chondria (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)
    Title A morphological and phylogenetic study of the genus Chondria (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) Author(s) Sutti, Suttikarn Citation 北海道大学. 博士(理学) 甲第13264号 Issue Date 2018-06-29 DOI 10.14943/doctoral.k13264 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/71176 Type theses (doctoral) File Information Suttikarn_Sutti.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP A morphological and phylogenetic study of the genus Chondria (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) 【紅藻ヤナギノリ属（フジマツモ科）の形態学的および系統学的研究】 Suttikarn Sutti Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science Hokkaido University June 2018 1 CONTENTS Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………….2 Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………….5 General Introduction………………………………………………………………………..7 Chapter 1. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the genus Chondria based on Japanese specimens……………………………………………………………………….14 Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussions Chapter 2. Neochondria gen. nov., a segregate of Chondria including N. ammophila sp. nov. and N. nidifica comb. nov………………………………………………………...39 Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussions Conclusion Chapter 3. Yanagi nori—the Japanese Chondria dasyphylla including a new species and a probable new record of Chondria from Japan………………………………………51 Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussions Conclusion References………………………………………………………………………………...66 Tables and Figures 2 ABSTRACT The red algal tribe Chondrieae F. Schmitz & Falkenberg (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) currently
    [Show full text]
  • Biodata of Juan M. Lopez-Bautista, Author of “Red Algal Genomics: a Synopsis”
    Biodata of Juan M. Lopez-Bautista, author of “Red Algal Genomics: A Synopsis” Dr. Juan M. Lopez-Bautista is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences of The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA, and algal curator for The University of Alabama Herbarium (UNA). He received his PhD from Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, in 2000 (under the advisory of Dr. Russell L. Chapman). He spent 3 years as a postdoctoral researcher at The University of Louisiana at Lafayette with Dr. Suzanne Fredericq. Dr. Lopez- Bautista’s research interests include algal biodiversity, molecular systematics and evolution of red seaweeds and tropical subaerial algae. E-mail: [email protected] 227 J. Seckbach and D.J. Chapman (eds.), Red Algae in the Genomic Age, Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology 13, 227–240 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3795-4_12, © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 RED ALGAL GENOMICS: A SYNOPSIS JUAN M. LOPEZ-BAUTISTA Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA 1. Introduction The red algae (or Rhodophyta) are an ancient and diversified group of photo- autotrophic organisms. A 1,200-million-year-old fossil has been assigned to Bangiomorpha pubescens, a Bangia-like fossil suggesting sexual differentiation (Butterfield, 2000). Most rhodophytes inhabit marine environments (98%), but many well-known taxa are from freshwater habitats and acidic hot springs. Red algae have also been reported from tropical rainforests as members of the suba- erial community (Gurgel and Lopez-Bautista, 2007). Their sizes range from uni- cellular microscopic forms to macroalgal species that are several feet in length.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Canary Islands
    Courier Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 159: 113-117 Frankfurt a.M., 01.07.1993 The Genus Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Canary Islands M. CANDELARIA GIL-RODRIGUEZ & RICARDO HAROUN I Figure The genus Laurencia LAMOUROUX is a group of In the Atlantic Coasts, SAITO (1982) made a short medium-sized, erect, fleshy or cartilaginous, red al­ review of three typical European species: L. obtusa gae distributed from temperate to tropical waters. (HUDSON) LAMOUROUX, L. pinnatifida (HUDSON) LA­ During the last few years several collections along MOUROUX and L. hybrida (De.) LENORMAND. Other the coasts of the Canary Islands have shown the im­ researches carried out in this troublesome genus in portant role of the Laurencia species in the intertidal the Atlantic Ocean were made by TAYLOR (1960) in communities; however, it is rather problematic to Eastern Tropical and Subtropical Coasts of America, identify many of the taxa observed, and it seems 0LIVEIRA-FILHO {1969) in Brazil, MAGNE (1980) in necessary to make a biosystematic review of this ge­ the French Atlantic Coasts, LAWSON & JoHN (1982) nus in the Macaronesian Region. in the West Coast of Africa, RODRIGUEZ DE Rros LAMouRoux in 1813 established the genus with 8 (1981), RODRIGUEZ DE RIOS & SAITO (1982, 1985) and species, but he didn't mention a type species. Critical RODRIGUEZ DE RIOS & LOBO {1984) in Venezuela. systematic studies have been made by several authors, C. AGARDH (1823, 1824), J.AGARDH {1842, 1851, 1880), DE TONI {1903, 1924), YAMADA {1931), after reviewing many type specimens
    [Show full text]
  • Antimicrobial Activity O Antimicrobial Activity of Marine Algal Extracts E
    International Journal of Phytomedicine 9 (2017) 113-122 http://www.arjournals.org/index.php/ijpm/index Original Research Article ISSN: 0975-0185 Antimicrobial activity of marine algal extracts Ekaterina A. Chingizova1*, Anna V. Skriptsova2, Mikhail M. Anisimov1, Dmitry L. Aminin1 *Corresponding author: A b s t r a c t Total, hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of 21 marine algae species (2 species of Chlorophyta, Ekaterina A. Chingizova 11 of Phaeophyceae and 8 of Rhodophyta) collected along the coast of Russian Far East were screened for antimicrobial activities (against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and 1G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Candida albicans). Among the macroalgal extracts analyzed, 95% were active against at least chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of one of studied microorganisms, while 80% of extracts were active against two or more test Russian Academy of Sciences , 159 pr. 100 strains. Broad-spectrum activity against three studied microorganisms was observed in the let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, 35% of extracts from tested species of marine seaweeds. The results of our survey did not Russia. show clear taxonomic trends in the activities of the total extracts and their hydrophilic fractions 2AV Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology against the studied microorganisms. Nevertheless, lipophilic red algal extracts had both the of the Far-Eastern Branch of Russian highest values and broadest spectrum of bioactivity among all survey algal extracts. More over, Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Str., lipophilic extracts from red algal exhibited the highest activity against fungus C. albicans Vladivostok, 690041, Russia. among tested algal extracts. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, extracts, marine algae.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Epiphytic Macroalgae on the Thalli of Their Hosts in Cuba
    Acta Botanica Brasilica 27(4): 815-826. 2013. Distribution of epiphytic macroalgae on the thalli of their hosts in Cuba Yander Luis Diez García1, Abdiel Jover Capote2,6, Ana María Suárez Alfonso3, Liliana María Gómez Luna4 and Mutue Toyota Fujii5 Received: 4 April, 2012. Accepted: 14 October, 2013 ABSTRACT We investigated the distribution of epiphytic macroalgae on the thalli of their hosts at eight localities along the sou- theastern coast of Cuba between June 2010 and March 2011. We divided he epiphytes in two groups according to their distribution on the host: those at the base of the thallus and those on its surface. We determining the dissimilarity between the zones and the species involved. We identified 102 taxa of epiphytic macroalgae. There were significant differences between the two zones. In 31 hosts, the number of epiphytes was higher on the surface of the thallus, whereas the number of epiphytes was higher at the thallus base in 25 hosts, and the epiphytes were equally distributed between the two zones in five hosts (R=−0.001, p=0.398). The mean dissimilarity between the two zones, in terms of the species composition of the epiphytic macroalgae, was 96.64%. Hydrolithon farinosum and Polysiphonia atlantica accounted for 43.76% of the dissimilarity. Among macroalgae, the structure of the thallus seems to be a determinant of their viability as hosts for epiphytes. Key words: Chlorophyta, epiphytism, distribution, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyta Introduction scales is a potentially productive approach. It is important to understand the patterns of abundance of all sympatric The structure of intertidal marine communities is deter- epiphytic species along the various gradients, because in- mined by a combination of physical factors and biotic interac- terspecific relationships could represent one of the factors tions (Little & Kitching 1996; Wernberg & Connell 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Cover Page to Be Inserted
    0 Ghent University Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology Phycology Research group Diversity of the marine red alga Portieria in the Philippines, an integrative approach Dioli Ann Payo Promotor: Prof. Dr. O. De Clerck Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment Co-Promotors: Prof. Dr. H. Calumpong of the requirements for the degree of Dr. F. Leliaert Doctor (PhD) of Sciences (Biology) 26 September 2011 i EXAM COMMITTEE ______________________________ Members of the reading committee Dr. Line Le Gall (Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris) Prof. Dr. Ludwig Triest (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) Dr. Yves Samyn (Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuuurwetenschappen) Members of the examination committee Prof. Dr. Dominique Adriaens (Chairman Pre-Defense, Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Koen Sabbe (Chairman Public Defense, Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Olivier De Clerck (Promotor, Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Hilconida Calumpong (Co-Promotor, Silliman University, Philippines) Dr. Frederik Leliaert (Co-Promotor, Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Annemieke Verbeken (Ghent University) Dr. Heroen Verbruggen (Ghent University) _______________________________________________________ The research reported in this thesis was funded by the Flemish Interuniversity Council (VLIR) and the Global Taxonomy Initiative, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. This was performed at the Phycology Research Group (www.phycology.ugent.be) and at the Institute of Environment & Marine Sciences, Silliman University, Philippines. ii iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to acknowledge the people who made it possible so I could start with this PhD project on Portieria. It all started from Prof. Olivier De Clerck‘s discussion with Prof. John West about this alga. Next thing that happened was the endorsement of Prof. West and Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus "Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae
    - Courier Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 159: 113- 117 - Frankfurt a.M., 0 1.07.1993 The Genus Laurencia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Canary Islands I Figure Tha riamiir 1 ~i..-ni.-:~ 1 i.inwinnrtv :e a mrnian nr iii~~GUUJ uuursi~,iu knmvunvun a= a fiiuup vk Ir! !he A!!ari.!ic Cous, STUTC(!W) ?i?ade a short medium-sized, erect, fleshy or cartilaginous, red al- review of three typical European species: L. obtusa gae distributed from temperate to tropical waters. (HUDSON)LAMOUROUX, L. pinnatifida (HUDSON)LA- During the last few years severa1 collections along MoURoUX and L. hybrida (Dc.) LENORMAND.Other the coasts of the Canary Islands have shown the im- researches carried out in this troublesome genus in portant role of the Laurencia species in the intertidal the Atlantic Ocean were made by TAYLOR(1960) in communities; however, it is rather problematic to Eastern Tropical and Subtropical Coasts of America, identify rnany of the taxa observed, and it seems OLIVEIRA-FILHO(1 969) jn Brazil, MACNE(1 980) in necessary to make a biosystematic review of this ge- the French Atlantic Coasts, LAWSON& JOHN(1982) nus in the Macaronesian Region. in the West Coast of Africa, RODRICUEZDE RIOS LAMOUROUXin 1813 established the genus with 8 (1981), RODRIGUEZDERroS & SNTO (1982, 1985) and species, but he didn't mention a type species. Critica1 RODRIGUEZDE RIOS& LOBO(1984) in Venezuela. systematic studies have been made by several authors, C. ACAIU)H(1823, 1824), J.AGARDH(1842, 1851, 1880), DE TON1 (1903, 1924). YMADA(1931). after reviewing many type specimens from different American and European Herbaria.
    [Show full text]