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APPENDIX 9.1 NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL APPENDIX
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
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Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 SURVEY AREAS ...... 1
1.2 SURVEY OBJECTIVES ...... 2
2 METHODOLOGY ...... 4
2.1 DESK STUDY ...... 4 2.2 FIELD SURVEY ...... 5
3 RESULTS ...... 12
3.1 DESK STUDY ...... 12 3.2 FIELD SURVEY ...... 15
4 EVALUATION ...... 33
4.1 HABITATS ...... 33
4.2 AMPHIBIANS ...... 37 4.3 REPTILES ...... 39 4.4 BATS ...... 39 4.5 DORMICE ...... 40
4.6 OTTERS AND WATER VOLES ...... 40
5 ASSESSMENT ...... 42
5.1 HABITATS ...... 42 5.2 AMPHIBIANS ...... 42
5.3 REPTILES ...... 42 5.4 BATS ...... 43 5.5 DORMICE ...... 44 5.6 OTTERS AND WATER VOLES ...... 44
6 MITIGATION ...... 46
6.1 HABITATS ...... 46 6.2 AMPHIBIANS ...... 47 6.3 REPTILES ...... 48 6.4 BATS ...... 49
6.5 DORMICE ...... 50 6.6 OTTERS AND WATER VOLES ...... 51
7 CONCLUSIONS ...... 52
8 REFERENCES ...... 53
FIGURE 1 – LOCATION OF SACS DESIGNATED FOR BATS WITHIN 30KM FIGURE 2 – PROTECTED SPECIES SURVEY LOCATIONS
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ANNEX 1-A - PHASE 1 HABITAT PLANS AND TNS ANNEX 1-B – NON-STATUTORY DESIGNATED SITES
ANNEX 2-A – GREAT CRESTED NEWT HSI RESULTS ANNEX 2-B – PONDS UNABLE TO BE SURVEYED ANNEX 3 – REPTILE SURVEY RECORDS
ANNEX 4-A – BAT STRUCTURES SURVEY RESULTS ANNEX 4-B – BAT TREE SURVEY RESULTS ANNEX 5-A – DORMOUSE 2010 SURVEY RESULTS
ANNEX 5-B – DORMOUSE 2013 SURVEY RESULTS ANNEX 6-A – OTTER AND WATER VOLE SURVEY RESULTS ANNEX 6-B – WATERCOURSE UNABLE TO BE SURVEYED
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Survey areas
1.1.1 The habitats surrounding the M4 between junctions 3 (Hayes) and 12 (Theale) consist of a mixture of grassland, scrub, mixed and broad-leaf woodland, major watercourses, ditch systems and associated riparian habitats. 1.1.2 The survey conducted as part of the Stage 2 Environmental Assessment Report (“EAR”) considered a buffer zone of 50 metres (“m”) adjacent to the Order limits. Whilst this is sufficient in areas with little or no adjacent semi- natural habitat, the survey area was expanded to about 100m where semi- natural habitats of significant nature conservation value occurred near the Order limits and where access was possible. 1.1.3 The Order limits outside the main carriageway and hard shoulder consists predominantly of typical roadside verge habitat, including dense and scattered scrub, plantation woodland, scattered trees, grassland, streams, ditches and ponds. The M4 also lies adjacent to a number of statutory and non-statutory designated sites and areas with a high density of ponds. 1.1.4 Dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius ) and reptile surveys were targeted within the Scheme where areas of suitable habitat occurred. 1.1.5 The immediate off-site habitat was dominated by arable or pasture (improved grassland) with occasional amenity areas such as service stations and parks. There were several fields of semi-improved neutral grassland, woodlands, residential estates and scrub habitats, to the west. In addition to the above, the eastern portion of the Scheme incorporated urban areas, quarries and landfill sites. 1.1.6 Ponds within 250m of the Order limits were identified on Ordnance Survey maps and freely available web-based aerial photography. Habitat Suitability Index (“HSI") (Ref 9-29) assessments of the ponds identified were subsequently carried out to determine which ponds were likely to support great crested newts ( Triturus cristatus ). All ponds with a HSI score higher than 0.5 were surveyed to confirm the presence or likely absence of great crested newt.
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1.1.7 The survey area for bats consisted of features such as mature or complex trees, bridges and culverts situated adjacent to woodland blocks or tree- lined waterways that could act as corridors to commute between roosts and feeding areas. 1.1.8 The survey area for otter ( Lutra lutra ) and water voles ( Arvicola amphibius ) consisted of watercourses that passed beneath the Scheme, up to 500m on third party land, as well as the ditch network within the Order limits. 1.1.9 To prevent unnecessary injury or death to badgers in compliance with the Protection of Badgers Act 1992, all information related to badgers (including survey methodology, baseline information, mitigation and residual effects and cumulative effects), is presented in Confidential Appendix 9.2. Release of Confidential Appendix 9.2 will only be to the Planning Inspectorate (the “Inspectorate”), and on request from suitably qualified professionals.
1.2 Survey objectives
1.2.1 The objectives of the surveys were: a) to assess the existing habitat mapping and Target Notes (“TNs”) and determine if any changes had occurred since these were produced; b) to appraise the species lists relating to each TN/habitat type, to update with regards to potential protected floral species in the optimal survey period, and determine if this has any implications in terms of habitat classification and evaluation; c) to recommend any additional detailed survey requirement necessary to inform the Scheme design; d) to identify the presence of invasive species; e) to identify the potential for nesting birds; f) to identify the potentially suitable ponds within 250m of the Scheme to support great crested newts; g) where ponds have the potential for great crested newts, to establish presence/absence and indicate whether surveys to estimate population size will be required;
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h) make a preliminary assessment of the potential effects of the Scheme and the likely need for a Natural England (“NE”) great crested newt European Protected Species (“EPS”) licence and recommend appropriate mitigation measures; i) to identify the presence or likely absence of reptile populations within or close to the site; j) to assess the importance of the reptile population, if present; k) identify potential bat roost sites that will be likely to be affected by proposed works and evaluate their importance; l) identify important foraging and commuting areas for bats and evaluate their importance; m) to identify the presence or likely absence of dormouse populations within the site; n) to assess the importance of the dormouse population, if present; o) to identify the presence or likely absence of otter and water vole populations within or close to the site; p) to assess the importance of the otter and water vole population, if present; q) to recommend appropriate mitigation measures to avoid or reduce potential effects and effects; and r) to identify opportunities for enhancement. 1.2.2 The findings from these surveys are intended to inform the ecological effect assessment as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (“EIA”) process.
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2 METHODOLOGY
2.1 Desk study
2.1.1 A data search has been undertaken for records of protected and priority species in the UK, locally important species of conservation concern and statutory and non-statutory designated sites of nature conservation interest. Desk study information pertaining to plant species, habitats and statutory and non-statutory designated sites have been considered within this study. 2.1.2 Desk study information pertaining to all receptors has been considered within this study. Records for individual receptors were sought from within the survey area and the surrounding area to 1km, which is considered an appropriate likely zone of influence for this Scheme. 2.1.3 The following sources were used: a) a review of existing ecological reports; b) the Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside (“MAGIC”) website (Ref 9-10); c) Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre (“TVERC”, Ref 9- 31); d) Greenspace Information for Greater London (“GIGL”, Ref 9-32); and e) Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes Environmental Records Centre (“BMERC”, Ref 9-33). 2.1.4 This exercise is valuable in identifying past records and nature conservation designations. Understanding nature conservation issues within the wider area contributes towards the assessment of the ecological value of the site and the habitats and species that a site actually or potentially supports. 2.1.5 Where applicable, the information supplied has been incorporated into the following account with due acknowledgement where they are particularly informative or relevant.
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2.2 Field survey
Phase 1 habitat survey 2.2.1 The Phase 1 habitat survey update was undertaken in June 2013 and April and May 2014. The habitats were classified using the Joint Nature Conservation Committee standard ‘Phase 1’ habitat survey methodology (“JNCC”) (Ref 9-34). Dominant plant species and the locations of any notable plant species were recorded. Note was taken of the more conspicuous fauna, and any evidence of, or potential for the presence of protected, notable or invasive species. Amphibians Habitat suitability index (“HSI") assessment 2.2.2 As part of the great crested newt survey process 203 ponds within 500m of the Order limits were identified using MAGIC and aerial photography. Each pond was given a unique reference number (i.e. ‘Pond 1’) and mapped (Figure 2). 2.2.3 Landowners granted access to 84 ponds to undertake HSI assessments. The remaining ponds were not surveyed as they were either dry, access could not be gained through dense vegetation, access was denied or ownership/contact with the owner could not be established (refer to Annex 2-B: for information on the ponds that were not surveyed). 2.2.4 Ponds were surveyed in November and December 2013. Surveys were carried out in suitable weather conditions by experienced ecologists. 2.2.5 The HSI survey comprised an assessment of the features of the ponds and the adjacent landscape to enable an evaluation to be made on pond habitat quality for breeding great crested newts. This incorporates ten Suitability Indices (“SI”) comprising factors that influence great crested newt habitat, namely: a) SI1 Location; b) SI2 Pond area; c) SI3 Pond drying; d) SI4 Water quality; e) SI5 Shade; f) SI6 Water fowl presence; g) SI7 Fish presence; ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
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h) SI8 Other ponds (i.e. number of ponds within 1km of survey pond); i) SI9 Terrestrial habitat; and j) SI10 Macrophytes (i.e. percentage of pond surface occupied by macrophyte [aquatic plant] cover). 2.2.6 A value for each of these indices is calculated between ‘0.01’ and ‘1.0’. Unsuitable habitat is indicated with ‘0.01’ and optimal habitat represented by ‘1.0’. The geometric mean 1 of the index values is subsequently calculated to provide an individual pond HSI score between 0 and 1 as presented in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1: Categorisation of HSI scores
HSI Pond Suitability
<0.5 Poor
0.5 – 0.59 Below average
0.6 – 0.69 Average
0.7 – 0.79 Good
>0.8 Excellent
2.2.7 The HSI guidance notes (Ref 9.35) that a high scoring pond is more likely to support great crested newts than those with a low score, but it also states that “ the [HSI scoring] system is not sufficiently precise to allow the conclusion that any particular pond with a high score will support newts, or that any pond with a low score will not do so” . 2.2.8 Natural England (Ref 9-36) suggests that if a pond has a very low HSI score (< 0.5), then there will be a minimal chance of great crested newt presence and that this might be used in the absence of newt surveys to help conclude that an offence is highly unlikely. Therefore, ponds with an HSI score greater than 0.5 were subject to presence/likely absence surveys for great crested newts. Surveys were not conducted on ponds with HSI scores below or equal to 0.5 at this stage.
1 1/10 HSI = (SI 1 x SI 2 x SI 3 x SI 4 x SI 5 x SI 6 x SI 7 x SI 8 x SI 9 x SI 10 ) ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
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Presence/absence surveys 2.2.9 Ponds identified as having potential to support great crested newts had an HSI score of below average to excellent, and were surveyed for presence or likely absence. Ponds were surveyed in May 2013 or between 22 April and 19 June 2014. Temperatures during the surveys were optimal for standard great crested newt survey methods as outlined in Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (“DMRB”), Volume 10, Section 4, Part 6 (Ref 9-5). 2.2.10 Great crested newt surveys were undertaken in accordance with ‘Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines’ (Ref 9-37) and ‘Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual’ (Ref 9-38). All surveys were carried out by an appropriately licensed surveyor. 2.2.11 Presence/absence surveys require suitable weather conditions and four visits to each location from mid-March to mid-June with at least two of these visits during mid-April to mid-May. Three survey techniques were used per visit which include the following: a) bottle trapping - bottle traps (made from 2-litre plastic bottles) were set out around the edge of the ponds and left overnight at a density of one trap per 2m of bank at locations where the bank was accessible; b) egg search - any live or dead submerged vegetation that was within reach from the pond margin, especially folded leaves, were examined for newt eggs; c) torch survey - the ponds were searched for great crested newts at night by shining a powerful 1,000,000 candlepower torch around the pond margins to reveal any newts present; and d) netting - a perimeter walk of the pond margins was undertaken and a long-handled dip net was used to sample the area around the pond edge where access to open areas of water was possible. 2.2.12 According to best practice, if great crested newts are shown not to be present after four survey visits then likely absence can be assumed and the survey can cease.
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Population size class assessment 2.2.13 If after four survey visits great crested newts are present, a population size-class assessment is required in order to devise and implement a mitigation strategy. The ‘Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines’ (Ref 9- 37), states that “ population size class assessment surveys should be undertaken over six visits in suitable weather conditions from mid-March to mid-June, with at least three of these visits during mid-April to mid-May .” 2.2.14 The maximum adult count per pond per night gained through torch survey or bottle-trapping should be noted. For ponds where there is reasonable certainty of regular interchange of animals between ponds (ponds within 250m and with no barriers to dispersal), counts can be summed across ponds. Populations can be classed as: a) small - for a maximum counts up to 10; b) medium - for maximum counts between 11 and 100; and c) large - for maximum counts over 100. Reptiles 2.2.15 Reptile surveys were concentrated in areas of suitable habitat such as rough grassland and south-facing slopes. Surveys were targeted where there are existing records of reptiles and at the locations of the proposed works, specifically road widening, emergency refuge areas and structures such as bridges where widening works are proposed. 2.2.16 A total of 49 areas were selected for survey (see Figure 2). These areas covered optimum habitat and included the main areas of work affecting suitable reptile habitat on the verge along the Scheme. Maximum populations of reptiles were established from this. 2.2.17 All surveys were carried out in accordance with recognised survey guidance (Froglife, 1999 (Ref 9-39); DMRB Volume 10, Section 4 (Ref 9- 11)) and were undertaken between August and September 2013 or between April and June 2014.
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2.2.18 Artificial refugia were placed within suitable reptile habitat at a density of at least 10 per hectare, with higher densities directed around habitat features. The refugia were left for a period of seven days in order to bed-in and enable reptiles to make use of them. Each location was then visited a minimum of five times, in suitable weather conditions and the artificial refugia were checked in order to observe reptiles basking on top or underneath. All records of reptiles were then recorded on survey sheets. 2.2.19 Where refugia are placed at a density of at least 10 per hectare an approximate population estimate can be made following criteria set out in ‘Froglife Advice Sheet 10’ (Ref 9-39). Bats 2.2.20 A total of 105 structures (bridges and culverts) and 87 trees or groups of trees between junction 3 and 12 were reviewed for bat roost suitability. The review or Habitat Suitability Assessment (“HSA"), combined information gathered during site and desk study assessments and previous surveys (Ref 9-40) to evaluate the likely presence of bats within the feature. 2.2.21 This information was then compared against the likely scope of works. Where the works will affect a structure or tree where bats were potentially present, then further surveys were undertaken to ascertain the status of any bat roosts, if present. 2.2.22 The further surveys consisted of dawn and a dusk emergence/re-entry surveys. These surveys were undertaken between June and September 2013 and between June and July 2014, by experienced ecologists in accordance with ‘Bat Surveys Good Practice Guidelines’ (Ref 9-41). 2.2.23 Tree surveys were undertaken in October 2013 and May 2014 and involved a visual inspection of the tree from the ground and a climbed inspection of the tree by an experienced bat worker who was proficient in the use of an endoscope. The inspection was undertaken in accordance with the methodology prescribed in ‘Tree-roosting bats – Inspecting & Assessing PRF’, Chapter B5 (Ref 9-42).
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Dormouse 2.2.24 Dormouse surveys were concentrated in areas of habitat that were previously recorded as having high potential for dormice (Ref 9-43). This was considered appropriate due to a likely absence of the species being determined in the previous survey. Surveyors undertook a brief habitat assessment of each area to establish if the area to be surveyed was still of high value for dormice following the 2011 report. From this assessment, 19 areas of suitable habitat were identified as being suitable to support dormice. 2.2.25 Nest tube surveys were conducted in 2010 at areas 1, 2D-F, 3-6, 7A-B, 8. Areas 2A, 2B, 2C, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F and 7G were not surveyed as they were connected to larger areas of habitat. A total of 400 dormice test tubes were placed in areas of suitable habitat (hedgerows, scrub and woodland), in accordance with recognised survey guidance (Ref 9-44). The tubes were checked monthly between April and October 2010 for the presence of dormice or signs of dormice nesting material. 2.2.26 Further nest tube surveys were conducted in 2013 in areas 2A, 2B, 2D, 2E, 7A-C, 7E and 7G. A total of 234 dormice nest tubes were placed in areas of suitable habitat on the 23 rd , 29 th and 30 th May 2013 and 3rd and 4th June 2013, in accordance with recognised survey guidance (Ref 9-44). 2.2.27 The tube number, grid reference, and species of tree the tube was attached to, was recorded and high visibility tape attached to aid the identification of the tubes. The tubes were checked monthly between June and October 2013, for the presence of dormice or signs of dormice nesting material. 2.2.28 Evidence of dormouse activity in the surrounding habitat was also searched for and noted if present, including: stripped honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum ) bark; nests; and feeding signs from gnawed hazelnuts.
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Otters and water voles 2.2.29 Otter and water vole surveys were concentrated in areas of habitat that was considered suitable, such as watercourses, ditches and waterbodies. Surveys were also targeted where records of otter and water vole were located close to, or within, the watercourses within the vicinity of the Scheme. Where access permitted, surveyors undertook an initial assessment from the highways estate in order to assess the suitability of an area of habitat for otters and water vole. 2.2.30 A total of 51 areas were selected for further survey and are shown in Figure 2. These survey areas include all main watercourses running under the M4 between junctions 3 and 12. 2.2.31 All surveys were carried out in accordance with recognised survey guidance (Ref 9-9 and Ref 9-11) and were undertaken during August and September 2013 and April and June 2014. 2.2.32 All signs of otter and water vole activity and habitat suitability were recorded and mapped, whilst walking along the banks and within the channel of the survey areas. Signs recorded included otter spraints, slides, water vole burrows, feeding sites and latrines.
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3 RESULTS
3.1 Desk study
3.1.1 A summary of the results obtained from the desk study is provided below, with particular reference made to any changes from the ‘M4 Managed Motorways desk study report’ (Ref 9-45). Statutory designated sites 3.1.2 A search of the MAGIC website revealed the presence of one Special Area of Conservation (“SAC”) with bats as a designation feature within 30km of the Scheme. ‘Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment SAC’ is located 25km south-east of the Scheme at its closest point, and is designated for Bechstein’s bat ( Myotis bechsteinii ). 3.1.3 A search of the MAGIC website revealed the presence of seven statutory designated sites within the 1km radius study area, as follows: a) Sulham and Tidmarsh Woods and Meadow SSSI is located approximately 50m north of the Scheme. This site is designated for the mosaic of damp copses and seasonally-flooded meadows present, which have declined throughout southern England; b) Pincents Kiln SSSI. This is a geological SSSI situated approximately 240m north of the Scheme; c) Great Thrift Wood SSSI. This SSSI supports five semi-natural woodland types and is situated approximately 260m to the north of the Scheme near junction 8/9; d) Pearman’s Copse Local Nature Reserve (“LNR”). This woodland is situated approximately 20m to the north of the Scheme between junctions 10 and 11; e) Ockwells Park LNR. This parkland site is situated approximately 15m to the north of junction 8/9 at its closest point, incorporating part of the Bourne stream; f) Herschel Park LNR. This parkland site is situated adjacent to the north side of the Scheme between chainages 24+750 and 24+200 B; and
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g) Braywick Park LNR. This park on the site of a disused quarry contains formal parkland in addition to grasslands, woodlands and ponds. This site is located approximately 950m north of chainage 33+100. Non-statutory designated sites 3.1.4 A total of 60 Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (“SINC”) or Local Wildlife Sites (“LWS”) are located within 1km of the Scheme, which include; four Sites of Metropolitan Importance, four Sites of Borough Importance, three Sites of Local Importance, 40 Local Wildlife Sites, one Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust (“BBOWT”) Reserve and one Biological Notification Site (“BNS”). Details of all non- statutory designated sites can be found in Annex 1-B. Protected or notable botanical species 3.1.5 In total 25 plant species which are legally protected or a priority to nature conservation have been identified within 1km of the Scheme. These are Bluebell ( Hyacinthoides non-scripta ), Loose Silky-bent ( Apera spica-venti ), Grey Hair-grass ( Corynephorus caescens ), Purplestem Cat’s-tail ( Phleum phleoides ), Greater Water-parsnip ( Sium latifolium ), Stinking Chamomile (Anthemis cotula ), Common Cudweed ( Filago vulgaris ), Corn Marigold (Glebionis segetum ), Touch-me-not Balsam ( Impatiens noli-tangere ), Marsh Stitchwort ( Stellaria palustris ), Yellow Vetchling ( Lathyrus aphaca ), Pennyroyal, Marsh-mallow ( Althaea officinalis ), Fringed Water-lily (Nymphoides peltata ), Prickly Poppy ( Papaver argemone ), Tasteless Water-pepper ( Persicaria mitis ), Shrubby Cinquefoil ( Potentilla fruticosa ), River Water-dropwort ( Oenanthe fluviatilis ), Cornflower ( Centaurea cyanus ), Mistletoe ( Viscum album ), Box ( Buxus sempervirens ), Maiden Pink ( Dianthus deltoids ), Common Cudweed ( Filago vulgaris ), Fly Honeysuckle ( Lonicera xylosteum ), and Short Pottia ( Hennediella macrophylla ). Invasive plants 3.1.6 The initial Phase 1 assessment undertaken recorded four species of invasive plant; Japanese Knotweed ( Fallopia japonica ), Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum ), Indian Balsam ( Impatiens glandulifera ), and Rhododendron ( Rhododendron ponticum ). All are listed under Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981(as amended) (Ref 9- 14) with respect to England, Wales and Scotland. As such, it is an offence to plant or otherwise cause these species to grow in the wild. ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
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Amphibians 3.1.7 Desk study information relating to great crested newts suggests that this species is present in suitable habitat adjacent to the Order limits. 3.1.8 The previous great crested newt survey (Ref 9-46) found that of the ponds that were surveyed, one pond (identified as Pond 38 in Ref 9-46 and this report) had a HSI category of excellent, with a ‘small’ (Ref 9-37) population of great crested newts recorded following more detailed surveys. Reptiles 3.1.9 Desk study information for reptiles shows that the study area is suitable for reptiles. A total of 35 records of reptiles were obtained during the desk study within 1km radius of the Scheme (19 slow worm, one common lizard, two adder and 13 grass snake records were identified). Bats 3.1.10 In total ten species of bat have been identified from within 1km of the Scheme. These are Serotine ( Eptesicus serotinus ), Brandt’s bat ( Myotis brandti ), Daubenton’s bat ( Myotis daubentonii), Whiskered bat ( Myotis mystacinus ), Natterer’s bat ( Myotis nattereri ), Leisler’s bat ( Nyctalus leisleri ), Noctule bat ( Nyctalus noctula ), brown long-eared bat ( Plecotus auritus ), common pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus ) and soprano pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus pygmaeus ). The majority of the recent records have been for Daubenton’s bat, Myotis species, Noctule, common and soprano pipistelle, but Leisler’s bats were also identified by in 2011. Both of the pipistrelle species, brown long-eared bats and Noctule are relatively widespread and common although declining within the UK. Natterer’s bats are widespread throughout the UK but are a relatively scarce species. Daubenton’s are also widespread species; their numbers are thought to be increasing. Leisler’s are a species regarded as rare within the South East region. Brandt’s and Whiskered bats are found throughout England and Wales but are less common than the species above. Serotine is an uncommon species with a distribution limited to areas of South England (“BCT”) (Ref 9-47).
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Dormice 3.1.11 The desk study revealed four historic records of dormice close to junction 11. These records were from Nores Hill Wood (grid reference SU 727 693) and Pearman’s Copse LNR, both of which are close to the M4 near junction 11 and will have likely been historically connected to the highway verge prior to the construction of the B3270. All four records, one of which was a record of a dormouse nest, were recorded between 1985 and 1987. No more recent records have been found within 1km of the Scheme. Otters and water voles 3.1.12 Records received from TVERC, GIGL and BMERC revealed five records of otter and 46 records of water vole within 1km radius of the Scheme. In addition, potentially suitable habitat was identified from Ordnance Survey maps and freely available web-based aerial mapping showing water bodies, and from TNs in Ref 9-48.
3.2 Field survey
Habitats 3.2.1 The habitat plans and TNs (Annex 1-A) illustrate and describe the distribution of habitats present within and immediately adjacent to the Scheme. The following habitats were identified across the survey area: a) semi-natural broad-leaved woodland; b) plantation woodland (broad-leaved, coniferous and mixed); c) broad-leaved plantation woodland; d) scrub (dense/continuous and scattered); e) scattered trees (broad-leaved and coniferous); f) semi-improved neutral grassland; g) marsh/marshy grassland; h) species-poor semi-improved grassland; i) improved grassland; j) bracken; k) tall ruderal vegetation; l) swamp; m) standing water;
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n) running water; o) quarries; p) spoil heaps; q) arable farmland; r) amenity grassland; s) species-poor hedgerows; t) ephemeral/short perennial; u) intact and defunct hedgerows and hedgerows with trees (species- rich and species-poor); v) dry ditches; and w) bare ground and hardstanding. 3.2.2 A number of the above habitats were only recorded on land adjacent to the Order limits. Within the Order limits, the most widespread habitats were: plantation woodland, scrub, scattered trees, neutral grassland, species- poor semi-improved grassland, tall ruderal vegetation, standing water (ditches), dry ditches, bare ground and hardstanding. 3.2.3 A description of the habitats is given below. Note is made of any significant changes from the survey results presented in Ref 9-48. Semi-natural broad-leaved woodland 3.2.4 This habitat generally occurred adjacent to the Order limit and very seldom within. Exceptions to this include a small area at TN 80, consisting of Ash (Fraxinus excelsior ), Pedunculate Oak ( Quercus robur) and Crack Willow (Salix fragilis) over Bramble ( Rubus fruticosus agg.); and along the Scheme adjacent to Little Thrift Wood (TN 53) where self-seeded woodland had established on the soft estate, dominated by Silver Birch (Betula pendula ), Ash, Hazel ( Corylus avellana ) and Hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna ). To the east of the Scheme the majority of the woodlands were dominated by mature Ash with some Pedunculate Oak, and a Hazel and Elder ( Sambucus nigra) understory.
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3.2.5 Where the habitat occurred adjacent to the soft estate it was often present in extensive blocks. Little Thrift Wood was fairly typical in terms of composition, dominated by Ash and Oak (Quercus sp .) with occasional Birch and an understorey of Hazel and Field Maple (Acer campestre ). Bracken ( Pteridium aquilinum) was locally abundant in the field layer, together with Bluebell and Yellow Archangel ( Lamiastrum galeobdolon ). 3.2.6 Many of the woodlands exhibited characteristics of ancient woodland, including boundary ditches, banks and indicative plant species, including Wood Melick ( Melica uniflora) , Wood Anemone ( Anenome nemorosa ), Wood Spurge ( Euphorbia amygdaloides ), Greater Stitchwort ( Stellaria holostea) and Yellow Archangel (Lamium galeobdolon ). 3.2.7 There were Pedunculate Oak woodlands at chainage 34+000 B which had some mature Oak trees within the soft estate and other features such as earth banks and dry ditches. This wood was only surveyed in part due to lack of access, but had mature Pedunculate Oak and Ash trees, with a Hazel, Elm understory with some bare ground. There were a large number of native Bluebells within the soft estate. 3.2.8 There was a single area of semi-natural ancient woodland to the north of motorway at chainage 18+100. Plantation woodland (broad-leaved, coniferous and mixed) 3.2.9 Broad-leaved plantation woodland was abundant within the survey area, especially within the soft estate, but coniferous and mixed plantation woodland types were relatively uncommon. The broad-leaved plantation woodland on the soft estate was often only semi-mature and appeared to have extended its coverage since the time of the 2011 surveys (Ref 9-48). This is largely due to areas having been previously identified as scrub, but which were now more readily identifiable as plantation woodland as the tree species had begun to establish. 3.2.10 The woodland type was often dominated by Ash, with frequent Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus ), Pedunculate Oak, Field Maple, Wild Cherry (Prunus avium ), Silver Birch, Hawthorn and Alder ( Alnus glutinosa ). The ground layer was very variable, ranging from rank grassland, dense stands of Common Nettle ( Urtica dioica) or Bramble, to areas dominated by Ivy (Hedera helix) or bare ground where the planting was dense and levels of shading were particularly high.
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3.2.11 One large stand of coniferous woodland was present adjacent to the soft estate (TN 40). It was bisected by the motorway and was dominated by Scots Pine ( Pinus sylvestris) with a sparse understorey. 3.2.12 There was an area of planted woodland that was homogeneous in nature, consisting almost entirely of Red Oak ( Quercus rubra ) and occasional Sycamore. This woodland extended from the bridge at chainage 33+300 to chainage 33+100. The ground flora within the woodland was species- poor, being dominated by Ivy except at the woodland fringes where species-poor grassland was dominant. 3.2.13 There were two recently planted areas of plantation woodland. These consisted of species which had been planted throughout the Scheme and a number of herbaceous species that are commonly found throughout the Scheme and are typical of this type of habitat. Scrub (dense/continuous and scattered) 3.2.14 Scrub, both dense and scattered, was one of the most widespread habitats along the soft estate. Scattered scrub most frequently consisted of Bramble or Hawthorn. There were two commonly occurring types of continuous scrub, Brambles scrub; which occurred on its own in homogenous stands and Hawthorn/Blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ) scrub. There was an area of Willow ( Salix spp.) scrub adjacent to the Scheme close to junction 8/9. 3.2.15 Dense scrub can be divided into two types on the basis of its origin: self- seeded areas and planted areas. Stands which had developed naturally through self-seeding from scattered scrub were typically dominated by only one or two species, in particular Bramble, Hawthorn, Blackthorn or Willow species. By contrast, areas of planted scrub often supported a variety of species including a mixture of the above, together with Hazel and Field Maple. Both dense and scattered scrub appeared to have expanded considerably into areas of grassland and tall herbs along the soft estate since the 2011 survey (Ref 9-48). 3.2.16 Occasional areas of invasive scrub species listed on Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) (Ref 9-14) are also present in the soft estate. This makes it illegal to cause their spread in the wild. The species are: Rhododendron (TNs 39, 40 and 97) and Wall Cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster horizontalis ) (TNs 122 and 154).
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Scattered trees (broad-leaved and coniferous) 3.2.17 Scattered trees occurred frequently in scrub and grassland areas of the soft estate and in adjoining farmland. The majority of the scattered trees in the soft estate were immature having been planted or developed since the creation of the motorway, but some mature specimens were present (e.g. TNs 95, 102, 108, 123, 136 and 147) and include features characteristic of veteran trees, such as rot holes and cracked and decaying limbs. Amongst these mature trees, the most frequently encountered species was Pedunculate Oak, but large Poplars ( Populus sp.), Crack Willows and Ash were also recorded. One very large London Plane ( Platanus × hispanica) was recorded within the soft estate (TN 147) with abundant rot holes and fissures. It had been partially section-felled. There were several tree lines running perpendicular or adjacent to the soft estate. 3.2.18 Large mature trees within the soft estate often appeared to have at one time been tree standards within hedgerows. The hedgerows were probably removed during the motorway construction, but the trees were retained (e.g. TN 108 at junction 10 and TN 24 between junctions 10 and 11). Consequently, large trees within the soft estate often occurred in close proximity to where hedgerows, present in the surrounding land, met the soft estate. This adds to the biodiversity value of the habitat, since it provides a link between the soft estate and habitats of ecological value within the surrounding land. 3.2.19 There were several areas of coniferous tree screens planted along the soft estate, between junctions 3 and 8/9. Most commonly these were Leyland Cypress ( Chamaecyparis nootkatensis x Cupressus ). Semi-improved neutral grassland 3.2.20 This habitat was not identified within the soft estate during previous surveys (Ref 9-48), but a number of areas were identified in the update, both within and adjacent to the soft estate. Within the soft estate (including TNs 73, 74, 82, 86, 98, 122, 109, 110, 149 and 150), the habitat was found to be most common in the vicinity of the motorway junctions and overbridges. 3.2.21 Within this habitat, Red Fescues ( Festuca rubra ), False Oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) and Oxeye Daisy ( Leucanthemum vulgare) were typically abundant. Frequent Creeping Cinquefoil ( Potentilla reptans ), Wild Carrot ( Daucus carota) and Common Knapweed ( Centaurea nigra) had also been recorded. ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
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3.2.22 Many areas of species-rich neutral grassland within the soft estate were likely to be of relatively recent origin, having developed from species-rich seed mixes or through natural succession from ephemeral/short perennial habitats. Amongst the former, Fescues ( Festuca spp .), False Oat-Grass and Oxeye Daisy were typically abundant, together with frequent Creeping Cinquefoil, White Clover ( Trifolium repens ), Wild Carrot and Common Knapweed. 3.2.23 However, at junction 10 at least one small area (TN 109) may pre-date the motorway. This small remnant area exhibited a calcareous influence, with abundant Glaucous Sedge ( Carex flacca ), Lady’s Bedstraw ( Galium verum) and Common Knapweed, frequent Common Fleabane ( Pulicaria dysenterica) , Selfheal ( Prunella vulgaris ), Common Bird’s-foot-trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and Meadow Vetchling ( Lathyrus pratensis), and occasional Common Spotted-orchid ( Dactylorhiza fuchsii ). The grassland at this location probably covered a larger area until quite recently, but was gradually being lost to encroaching trees and scrub. 3.2.24 A more extensive example of the habitat, though also being encroached by scrub and tall herb, was situated within another island of junction 10 to the north-east (TN 120) and was about 1 hectare in extent. This area of neutral grassland occurred in a mosaic with marshy grassland, tall herb vegetation and scattered scrub. Species present included abundant Yorkshire-fog ( Holcus lanatus ), Common Fleabane and Creeping Buttercup ( Ranunculus repens ), locally abundant Common Knapweed, Lesser Stitchwort ( Stellaria graminea ), Common Bird’s-foot-trefoil, Marsh Thistle ( Cirsium palustre) and Glaucous Sedge, frequent Common Spotted-orchid and Wild Teasel ( Dipsacus fullonum) and occasional Crested Dog’s-tail ( Cynosurus cristatus) and Twayblade ( Neottia ovata ). 3.2.25 Neutral grassland at junction 12 (TN 149) supported a similar range of species, including abundant Oxeye Daisy, Common Knapweed, Yarrow (Achillea millefolium ) and Wild Carrot, locally abundant Meadow Vetchling, Creeping Cinquefoil and Salad Burnet ( Sanguisorba minor) and locally frequent Pyramidal Orchid ( Anacamptis pyramidalis ). This grassland was also gradually being lost to encroaching scrub.
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3.2.26 At the motorway services between junctions 11 and 12 an extensive band of grassland being managed as amenity grassland (TN 150) was notable for its abundance of Common Bird’s-foot trefoil, together with frequent to abundant White Clover, Creeping Cinquefoil, Selfheal, Rough Hawkbit (Leontodon hispidus ), Black Medick ( Medicago lupulina ), Dove’s-foot Cranes-bill ( Geranium molle ), Forget-me-not ( Myosotis sp. ), Yarrow and Ribwort Plantain ( Plantago lanceolata ). 3.2.27 Notable examples of the habitat immediately adjacent to the soft estate included particularly extensive areas near the River Loddon (TNs 121 and 126) and the embankments of Kybes Lane (TN 135) to the immediate south of the bridge crossing over the motorway. Marsh/marshy grassland 3.2.28 Only very small patches of marsh/marshy grassland were present within the soft estate, supporting abundant to dominant Soft Rush ( Juncus effuses) and/or Hard Rush ( J. inflexus) , often with Yorkshire-fog, Creeping Bent ( Agrostis stolonifera) and Creeping Buttercup ( Ranunculus repens ). The habitat was much more frequently encountered on adjacent land, with one particularly extensive area in a mosaic with swamp adjacent to the River Loddon (TN 120). This area of marshy grassland supported frequent Tufted Hair-grass ( Deschampsia cespitosa) , Meadow Foxtail ( Alopecurus pratensis ), Greater Pond-sedge ( Carex riparia) , False Fox-sedge ( Carex otrubae ), False Oat-grass, Meadowsweet ( Filipendula ulmaria ), Comfrey (Symphytum sp.) and occasional Ragged Robin ( Lychnis flos-cuculi ). This habitat type was not recorded during previous surveys (Ref 9-48). Species-poor semi-improved grassland 3.2.29 Extensive areas of species-poor semi-improved grassland were present along the soft estate throughout the entire length of the survey area, often intermixed with tall ruderals, scattered trees and scrub. The dominant grass species included False Oat-grass, Yorkshire fog ( Holcus lanatus ), Cock’s Foot ( Dactylis glomerata ), Common Bent ( Agrostis capillaris), Creeping Bent ( Agrostis stolonifera) and Red Fescue. A small number of commonly occurring herbs typical of roadsides and in neglected agricultural areas were also present, including Oxeye Daisy, Common Ragwort ( Senecio jacobaea ), Rosebay Willowherb ( Chamerion angustifolium ), Yarrow, Ribwort Plantain, Buttercup ( Ranunculus sp .), Wild Teasel, Hogweed ( Heracleum sphondylium ), Hemlock ( Conium maculatum) and Weld ( Reseda luteola ).
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Improved grassland 3.2.30 This habitat was generally recorded in agricultural fields adjacent to the soft estate and was typically dominated by Perennial Rye-grass ( Lolium perenne ), with only a very limited range of herbs, such as White Clover and Dandelion ( Taraxacum agg.). Tall ruderal vegetation 3.2.31 Tall ruderal habitat was abundant throughout the soft estate, frequently in a mosaic with areas of grassland and scrub. Areas were often dominated by one species, in particular Hemlock, Common Nettle, Great Willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum) or Rosebay Willowherb. Other frequently encountered species included three species listed in the Weeds Act 1959 as injurious weeds: Common Ragwort, Spear Thistle (Cirsium vulgare) and Creeping Thistle ( C. arvense ). 3.2.32 Occasional stands of invasive tall herb plant species listed on Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) (Ref 9-14) were also present, specifically Indian balsam (TNs 108, 115 and 142) and Giant Hogweed (TNs 25, 99 and 101). 3.2.33 Although the habitat was generally quite species-poor, more diverse stands were also present, possibly where succession had taken place from species-rich grassland. Examples of this type included areas at junction 8/9 (TNs 74 and 76) supporting abundant Fleabane and Common Knapweed, with frequent Creeping Cinquefoil, Wild Teasel, Comfrey, Burdock ( Arctium spp. ), Ground-ivy ( Glechoma hederacea ), Creeping Buttercup and Common Bird’s-foot-trefoil. Swamp 3.2.34 Only small areas of this habitat were present within the soft estate (e.g. at junction 10, TN 30) and were typically dominated by Common Reed (Phragmites australis) , Bulrush ( Typha latifolia) or Reed Canary-grass (Phalaris arundinacea) , or by tall Sedges, in particular Greater Pond- sedge. Much more extensive stands were present on adjoining land, with the most extensive area occurring between the soft estate and the River Loddon (TN 120), which was dominated by Greater Pond-sedge, with frequent Meadowsweet and Comfrey.
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Standing water 3.2.35 Wet ditches occurred frequently throughout the soft estate and adjoining land. Within the soft estate, the ditches tended to be shallow in nature; with emergent vegetation dominated by Bulrush or Great Willowherb and banks supporting tall herb and species-poor semi-improved grassland. A large number of ditches were culverted at certain points under the motorway. 3.2.36 Ponds and lakes were relatively uncommon within the soft estate, although a network of balancing ponds was present at junction 11 (TNs 130 and 131), supporting emergent bankside vegetation including Yellow Flag ( Iris pseudacorus ), Lesser Water-parsnip ( Berula erecta ), Great Willowherb and Common Reed and Bulrush swamp. 3.2.37 In adjacent land, field ponds and lakes were widespread. The latter had often be formed in old quarry and gravel extraction sites. Running water 3.2.38 There were a number of streams and rivers in the study area that passed adjacent to and are culverted under the motorway, including Holy Brook (TN 4), the River Kennet (TN 5), Clayhill Brook (TN 10), River Loddon (TN 16), River Cut (TN 52), the Bourne (TN 79), Emm streams (TN 107), the River Thames (TN 159), the Jubilee River (TN 167), the Wraysbury River (TN 168), the River Colne (TN 160) and the River Cerne (TN 158). Many of these streams and rivers supported a diverse range of associated habitats; including Alder dominated wet woodland, aquatic and emergent vegetation, swamp and tall herbs. 3.2.39 These watercourses ranged in their size and their ecological importance and are described in more detail within the TNs. All of these watercourses have intrinsic biodiversity value and supported a wide range of associated habitats (wet woodland, semi-natural broad-leaved woodland) and invasive species including Giant Hogweed and Indian Balsam. Quarries 3.2.40 A number of operational quarries were present towards the western end of the study area. These were devoid of vegetation, but peripheral habitats included plantation woodland, tall herbs and neutral grassland and large standing waterbodies.
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Spoil heaps 3.2.41 Spoil heaps, typically consisting of soil and rubble, were present occasionally on the edge of farmland immediately adjacent to the soft estate. They had often been colonised by tall herbs/ruderal vegetation. Arable farmland 3.2.42 Arable farmland was one of the most widespread of adjacent land uses, with crops including wheat, rape and maize. Amenity grassland 3.2.43 Areas of amenity grassland occurred occasionally within the soft estate and surrounding land, generally in association with motorway junctions, suburban areas and business parks. The habitat was dominated by ubiquitous plant species. One area of neutral grassland at the motorway services between junctions 11 and 12 (TN 150) was being managed as amenity grassland. Ephemerals/short perennials 3.2.44 This habitat comprised short, patchy plant associations typical of derelict urban sites and disturbed ground. The habitat occurred frequently at a scale too small to map, in particular as a narrow band between the hard shoulder and the soft estate. More extensive areas were only occasional. Dominant plant species included Greater Plantain ( Plantago major) , Creeping Buttercup, Black Medick and Mayweed ( Anthemis arvensis ). In areas subjected to winter road salt, species such as Buck’s-horn Plantain (Plantago coronopus) and Danish scurvy-grass ( Cochlearia danica) predominated. Hedgerows 3.2.45 Hedgerows were a common feature of field boundaries in land adjacent to the soft estate. Species-poor Hawthorn hedgerows were most widespread, often with large Oak tree standards. Species-rich hedgerows were also present (e.g. TN 22) supporting such species as Hazel, Elder, Field Maple, Hawthorn, Blackthorn and Hops ( Humulus lupulus) . 3.2.46 Between junctions 8/9 and three hedgerows occurred reasonably frequently demarcating agricultural land, residential properties from the soft-estate. The majority of these were immature species-poor Hawthorn hedgerows. The hedgerows were often behind the motorway environmental barriers. As a result the ground flora vegetation had been
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limited by competition and shading. The dominant ground flora within much of the hedgerows was Brambles, Common Nettle and Ivy. Dry ditches 3.2.47 Ditches were widespread within the soft estate, with the majority found to be dry at the time of the survey. They were mainly found to support ruderal plant species such as Common Nettle and Great Willowherb, but some were concrete lined and largely devoid of vegetation. Within the dry ditches emergent flora was found at low densities (such as Bulrush) which suggest that the ditches hold water after periods of prolonged precipitation and storm events. Bare ground 3.2.48 Non-vegetated bare ground was only very occasional within the survey area. Hardstanding 3.2.49 Hardstanding consisting of tarmac and concrete was the most extensive habitat within Highways Agency land, but was of negligible nature conservation value. Invasive plant species 3.2.50 Giant Hogweed is listed under Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) with respect to England, Wales and Scotland (Ref 9-14). As such it is an offence to plant or otherwise cause this species to grow in the wild. Under the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (Ref 9-21), Giant Hogweed is also classified as controlled waste. This species was found at chainages 56+250 A and B, 45+100 A and B, 31+100 A and 11+050 A and B. 3.2.51 Japanese Knotweed is listed under Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) with respect to England, Wales and Scotland (Ref 9-14). As such it is an offence to plant or otherwise cause Japanese Knotweed to grow in the wild. Under the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (Ref 9-20), Japanese Knotweed is classified as controlled waste. These species was recorded at chainages 13+100 B, 17+300 on the offslip on the B carriageway, 24+300 B, 28+850 B and 32+450 B.
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3.2.52 Indian Balsam is listed under Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) with respect to England, Wales and Scotland (Ref 9-14). As such it is an offence to plant or otherwise cause Indian Balsam to grow in the wild. Under the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (Ref 9- 21), Indian Balsam is classified as controlled waste. This species was recorded at chainages 32+100 A and B; 26+850 A and B within Chalvey Brook culvert; within the culvert to the north of chainage 21+600 B; close to the River Colne underbridge at chainage 16+000 A and B; the culverts between chainages 11+000 and 10+900 A; 35+550 B; on the south eastern bank of the Thames at 36+250 A; 46+450 B; 49+150 B; 49+850 B; 56+500 A and B; and 56+650 A and B. 3.2.53 Common rhododendron ( Rhododendron ponticum ) is listed under Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) with respect to England, Wales and Scotland (Ref 9-14). As such it is an offence to plant or otherwise cause rhododendron to grow in the wild. Rhododendron was found at chainages 40+350 A; 40+150 A; 39+850 to 40+050 B; and 45+550 A. 3.2.54 Wall Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster horizontalis) is listed under Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) with respect to England, Wales and Scotland (Ref 9-14). As such it is an offence to plant or otherwise cause this plant to grow in the wild. Wall Cotoneaster was found at chainage 48+050 A and 47+750 A. Amphibians HSI assessment results 3.2.55 The results from the ten HSI indices for each pond are presented in Annex 2-A. Plans showing the location of each pond with HSI results are given in Figure 2. Where a pond has not been surveyed reasons are given in Annex 2-B. 3.2.56 Based on the 84 pond suitability indices given in Annex 2-A, 50 of these have been identified as having potential to support great crested newts where HSI scores are greater than 0.5, generally ‘below average’ to ‘excellent’ suitability. These ponds are: a) Excellent – 1B, 8, 12B, 12E, 17, and 20/21; b) Good – 10, 12c, 16A, 19, 22A, 23B, 27, 28, 30A, 24A, 24B, 70, 71, 85, 112, P1_01a, and P1_02;
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c) Average – 3B, 3C, 9, 18, 29A, 48, 69, 84, 86, 95,101, 102,103, 107, 132, P1_07, P1_11A, P1_11C and P1_11C; and d) Below Average – 23A, 31, 55, 64, 97, 108, 109, and P1_01B. Great crested newt survey results 3.2.57 Of the 50 ponds identified as having HSI scores of below average or higher, 34 were surveyed following detailed safety assessments and access being granted. The survey results for each pond are shown in Figure 2, which shows the date of survey, methodology used and number of amphibians recorded. Table 3.1 shows the maximum number of adults recorded per night through torch or bottle-trapping and the total count during the presence/absence surveys, as well as any other indicators of great crested newt.
Table 3.1: Great crested newt survey results
Great Crested Newt Small Newts Adult Pond Adult Total Other Total Pond No. Peak Peak Count Pond Count Count indicators Count 1B 0 0 0 0 0 3C 0 0 0 17 27 8 0 0 0 5 6 9+10 0 0 0 0 0 12B 0 0 0 4 5 12E 0 0 0 7 20 17 0 0 0 20 41 18 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 1 1 20+21 0 0 0 7 9 22A 0 0 0 9 21 23A 0 0 0 0 0 23B 0 0 0 0 0 23C 0 0 0 0 0 29A 0 0 0 6 8 29F 0 0 0 1 1 ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
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Great Crested Newt Small Newts Adult Pond Adult Total Other Total Pond No. Peak Peak Count Pond Count Count indicators Count 30A 0 0 0 105 324 31 0 0 0 19 32 38 7 19 0 25 94 P1_11a 0 0 0 0 0 P1_11c 0 0 0 0 0 P1_11d 0 0 0 0 0 P1_02 0 0 0 1 1 P1_01a 0 0 Eggs found 161 207 P1_01b 0 0 Eggs found 19 50 69 0 0 0 3 7 70 0 0 Eggs found 1 2 95 0 0 0 1 1 102 0 0 0 5 14 103 0 0 0 0 0 104 0 0 0 0 0 108 0 0 0 0 0 109 0 0 0 0 0 112 0 0 0 0 0
3.2.58 The presence of great crested newts was confirmed in pond No. 38, with adults being caught, as well as pond Nos. 70, P1_01A and P1_01B where great crested newt eggs were recorded. In 2010 great crested newts were recorded at ponds 69 and 70, as well as ponds 68, 90, 96, and 110 (Ref 9- 46) for which access was not given during the recent surveys.
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Reptiles 3.2.59 Much of the western section of the Scheme contained habitat suitable for widespread reptile species. This includes areas of scrub with grassland and mosaic habitats of the two. This, along with the good connectivity and lack of disturbance, provides high value habitat for slow worms, common lizards and grass snakes. In addition, sections of grass verge close to aquatic habitats such as rivers and ponds also provide habitat and hunting grounds for grass snakes. Areas to the east were generally less suitable and provided more limited reptile habitat, but could allow grass snakes and slow worms to persist in low numbers. 3.2.60 Field surveys found good numbers of reptiles, particularly in the western half of the Scheme, between junctions 8/9 and 12, with slow worms or grass snakes recorded at 25 of the 32 survey locations. Towards the east, between junctions 3 and 8/9, small numbers of reptiles were found at many of the survey locations. Out of the 17 sections surveyed, grass snake or slow worm was recorded in seven of the sites. Figure 2 shows reptile survey locations and the peak counts of the grass snake and slow worms identified. Bats Bat roosts 3.2.61 In total, 105 structures (bridges, culverts and underpasses) were assessed for their potential to provide roosting habitat along the M4 between junctions 3 and 12. Of the 105 structures, 28 were identified as having potential to support roosting bats, of which 21 were located within close proximity to proposed widening, gantry or layby works and as such were targeted for further dawn and dusk surveys. The results of these surveys and the resulting roost status are illustrated in Table 3.2 below, with raw survey data included within Annex 4-A. Of the 21 structures that were taken forward to emergence surveys, seven were found to contain bat roosts. 3.2.62 The roosts found to be present within structures were all of common species, and comprised either satellite roosts or small maternity roosts. One common pipistrelle roost was identified from Beansheaf Farm culvert at chainage 61+700, and one Daubenton’s satellite roost was identified from the River Loddon underbridge at chainage 50+450.
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3.2.63 Soprano pipistrelles were found to be roosting in: Beansheaf Farm culvert, chainage 61+700; Holybrook underbridge, chainage 61+250; Foundry Brook culvert, chainage 56+550; River Loddon underbridge, chainage 50+450; the Staight Mile overbridge, chainage 43+200; Billingbear Brook culvert, chainage 43+000; and Billingbear Brook Farm overbridge, chainage 41+700. Table 3.2: Results of scoping survey showing habitat suitability of survey site
Structure Name and Location Chainage Roost Status Beansheaf Farm culvert, adjacent to 61+700 Soprano and common Arlington Business Park pipistrelle maternity roost present. Holybrook underbridge 61+250 Soprano pipistrelle maternity roost present Burghfield Road overbridge 59+200 No roost evident Foundry Brook culvert 56+550 Soprano pipistrelle maternity roost present Shinfield Road Footbridge 53+850 No roost evident: Shinfield Road overbridge 53+200 No roost evident. River Loddon underbridge 50+450 Soprano and Daubenton’s satellite roost present. Barkham Brook culvert 50+100 No roost evident Betty Grove Flood culvert 49+600 No roost evident Mill Lane underbridge 49+050 No roost evident Kingstreet Lane underbridge 48+200 No roost evident Southern Region Winnersh 47+150 No roost evident underbridge The Straight Mile overbridge 43+200 Soprano pipistrelle satellite roost Billingbear Brook culvert 43+000 Soprano pipistrelle maternity roost Billingbear Brook Farm overbridge 41+700 Soprano pipistrelle satellite roost Hammonds Wood overbridge 41+150 No roost evident Stud Green Access overbridge 35+150 No roost evident The Bourne 33+800 No roost evident Thames Bray 31+200 to 31+300 No roost evident Windsor Railway underpass and 25+550 No roost evident subways Datchet Road (B376) overbridge 24+250 No roost evident Colne Brook culvert 18+100 Desk study record of a roost.
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3.2.64 As well as the structures detailed above, 87 trees or groups of trees were identified for detailed bat roosting potential assessment. Of these, 24 were identified with features suitable to support bat roosts and were considered for a detailed inspection. Where it was deemed necessary, trees were selected for further climbed assessments, to rule out the presence of bats. Further assessment was necessary when trees were located within close proximity to proposed works areas or within/adjacent to a proposed 3m swathe of vegetation clearance to enable the drainage and communications cabling construction. 3.2.65 A confirmed tree roost was found to be present within a Willow at chainage 46+950 A. Although no bats were found at the time of survey, other potential roost features were present within trees at chainages: 17+450 to 17+700A; 24+250 A and B; 27+550 to 27+750 A; 32+450 B; 33+600 A; 33+750 A; 34+250 to 34+450 A; 34+400 B; 50+750 A; 50+950 B; 51+100 A; 51+250 A; 51+350 A; and 59+900 A. Due to the transient nature of bat tree roosts, bats could take up residence within these features prior to works. Commuting and foraging locations 3.2.66 Significant foraging and commuting corridors for bats were evident during the surveys: a) along the unlit sections of the route between chainages 44+850 to 44+750; b) Clayhill Brook, chainage 59+800; Littlefield Green overbridge, chainages 37+650 to 37+550; Littlefield Green underbridge, chainage 37+450; Stud Green culvert, chainage 35+550; and, Stud Green Access overbridge, chainage 35+150 - for common and soprano pipistrelle and Leisler’s bat; c) River Loddon underbridge, chainage 50+450 – for common and soprano pipistrelle, Leisler’s bat and Daubenton’s bat; d) Beansheaf Farm culvert, chainage 61+700 to 61+800 – for common and soprano pipistrelle species; e) Holybrook underbridge, chainage 61+250 – for common and soprano pipistrelle species; f) Thames Bray, chainage 31+200 to 31+300 – for common and soprano pipistrelle, as well as myotis species; and
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g) Windsor Branch Railway underpass and subways, chainage 25+550 – for common and soprano pipistrelle species. Dormice 3.2.67 No dormice or evidence of dormice was found during either the 2010 and 2013 surveys, as indicated in Annex 5-A and Annex 5-B. Nests of wood mice ( Apodemus sylvaticus ) and/or yellow-necked mouse ( Apodemus flavicollis ) were recorded (positive identification to species was not possible). Otters and water voles 3.2.68 The field survey found a number of field signs for otters and water voles (see Annex 6-A and 6-B). All water vole signs were located within the western portion of the site between junctions 8/9 and 12. In total, three of the 51 sites surveyed had positive signs of water voles and six of the sites had positive signs of otter. These included; footprints, burrows, spraints, slides and feeding signs. A water vole was also observed crossing a path into the River Kennet, confirming their current presence in the river. No evidence for the presence of otter holts was identified. 3.2.69 Signs of American mink ( Neovison vison ) or signal crayfish ( Pacifastacus leniusculus ) were not identified within the survey areas.
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4 EVALUATION
4.1 Habitats
Semi-natural broad-leaved woodland 4.1.1 Although broad-leaved woodland is a common habitat within the area and the south-east of England, many of the stands within the survey area were ancient/semi-natural or ancient replanted woodlands, particularly between junctions 8/9 and 10. Therefore, these woodlands have been assessed as being of likely intrinsic biodiversity value at the national level. The stands of woodland that are not ancient semi-natural or ancient replanted have been assessed as having biodiversity value at the local level. Plantation woodland (broad-leaved, coniferous and mixed) 4.1.2 Plantation woodland is a common habitat within the area and across the UK, and despite its relatively low botanical diversity, this habitat is incorporated within the HABAP Woodland HAP (Ref 9-49). In addition, the woodland within the Order limits is likely to perform a useful role as a wildlife corridor maintaining connectivity with the wider ‘green network’ when it adjoins valuable offsite habitat such as LNRs and LWSs. 4.1.3 The majority of plantation woodland within the soft estate was relatively immature. As such, the areas of plantation woodland within the survey area are assessed as being of local biodiversity value. Scrub (dense/continuous and scattered) 4.1.4 This habitat does not constitute a priority habitat, but it is included in the HABAP Woodland HAP (Ref 9-49). Most of the scrub habitats within the soft estate were fragmented and of recent origin. They are therefore assessed as being of biodiversity value at the local level only. Scattered trees (broad-leaved and coniferous) 4.1.5 The mature scattered trees within and adjacent to the Agency land were considered to appreciably enrich the habitat resource within the local context. They are therefore considered to be of local value.
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Semi-improved neutral grassland 4.1.6 Lowland meadow is a habitat of Principal Importance within Section 41 of the NERC Act (Ref 9-16) and there is a Grassland HAP within the HABAP (Ref 9-49). Long established species-rich grassland is a scarce resource nationally. The bulk of the habitat within the soft estate was considered to be of recent origin, having been created from seed mixes following motorway construction. However, the majority had developed a semi- natural character and included some fairly extensive examples (up to 1 hectare in extent). Moreover, a few areas, particularly at junction 8/9, appeared to pre-date motorway construction. In addition, there were a number of species-rich pastures and hay meadows immediately adjacent to the soft estate and the Agency resource therefore increases the connectivity of the habitat. The majority of the habitat within the soft estate is likely to be MG1 Arrhenatherum grassland of the National Vegetation Classification (“NVC”) (Ref 9-50). 4.1.7 The majority of the neutral grassland habitat adjacent to the soft estate is likely to be NVC community MG6 Lolium – Cynosurus grassland. This is not considered to be the most valuable lowland meadow type, having undergone some agricultural improvement, but further survey will be required to establish its conservation value more precisely. In view of the above, this habitat is considered likely to be of local value. Marsh/marshy grassland 4.1.8 Marsh or marshy grassland generally occurred in only very small, fragmented and species-poor patches within the soft estate. These are considered to have local value. More extensive and species-rich examples were present adjacent to the soft estate, in particular in the vicinity of the River Loddon. This habitat is considered to be of county value. However this will not fall within the extent of the proposed works. Species-poor semi-improved grassland 4.1.9 Species-poor semi-improved grassland is very common and widespread across England. Given its relatively low botanical diversity and the abundance of similar habitats in the surrounding area, the species-poor semi-improved grassland within the survey area has been assessed as being of biodiversity value within the local value only.
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Improved grassland 4.1.10 This habitat is ubiquitous and supports only common and widespread plant species. It is considered to be of local biodiversity value. Tall ruderal vegetation 4.1.11 This habitat type is common and widespread throughout the UK, and therefore within the survey area has been assessed as being of value within the local level only. Swamp 4.1.12 Swamp habitats within the soft estate were generally fragmented and small in extent. These are considered to be of local value only. More extensive and species-rich examples were present adjacent to the soft estate, in particular in the vicinity of the River Loddon. Wetland is a Berkshire BAP Priority Habitat (Ref 9-51). This habitat is considered to be of county value. However this will not fall within the extent of the proposed works. Standing water 4.1.13 Standing waterbodies, including wet ditches, ponds and lakes were found frequently throughout the survey area. These habitats fall within the HABAP Water HAP (Ref 9-49). Wetland is a Berkshire BAP Priority Habitat (Ref 9-51). However, the wet ditches within the soft estate tended to be shallow in nature and supported relatively few plant species, often dominated by Common Bulrush. Wet ditches are therefore assessed as being of local biodiversity value within the survey area. Ponds and lakes were generally more diverse but are considered to be of value at the local level. The majority of these waterbodies fall outside the soft estate. Running water 4.1.14 Many of the streams and rivers within the survey area were semi-natural in character, supporting a diverse range of associated habitats including wet woodland, swamp and marshy grassland. They also provided potentially suitable riparian habitat to support both otters and water voles and provide wildlife corridors linking to the wider countryside. As such they have been assessed as being of county level value with a local value for the extents within the Order limits. However these fall outside the extent of the Scheme.
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Quarries 4.1.15 Active quarries were dominated by bare ground, but in abandoned areas, a range of habitats were present including standing waterbodies, species- rich grassland, scrub and plantation woodland. The active areas of quarries are considered to be of negligible value. Spoil heaps 4.1.16 Spoil heaps offer potential refuge opportunities for a variety of faunal species, but were generally colonised by ubiquitous tall herb plant species. They are therefore considered to have value at the local level only. Arable farmland 4.1.17 Arable farmland was widespread and supported few plant species. It is considered to be of local value. Amenity grassland 4.1.18 This habitat is ubiquitous and supported only common and widespread plant species. It is considered to be of local value. Ephemerals/short perennials 4.1.19 This habitat is widespread nationally, and of limited intrinsic ecological value. It is also unlikely to support protected or notable faunal species. It is therefore assessed as being of value within the local only. Hedgerows 4.1.20 Hedgerows are a Habitat of Principal Importance under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 (Ref 9-16) and form important linkages between areas of semi-natural habitat. The majority of hedgerows in the survey area were species-poor, but associated mature and veteran trees added to the habitat’s biodiversity value. Hedgerows are considered to be of local value. Dry ditches 4.1.21 This habitat is common and widespread in the UK and supported only a limited range of common plant species within the survey area. Dry ditches have been assessed as being of value within the local level only.
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Bare ground 4.1.22 Non-vegetated bare ground was present at several points within the survey area. This habitat type was in general a consequence of recent disturbance. The HABAP Grasslands HAP (Ref 9-49) states that where it occurs in a mosaic with species-rich grassland it has the potential to provide habitat for a number of faunal species, such as grasshoppers and bees. In these instances, it should therefore be considered an integral part of the grassland. However, in the majority of instances it is considered to be of local biodiversity value. Hardstanding 4.1.23 Hardstanding supported few, if any, plant species and is considered to be of negligible value.
4.2 Amphibians
4.2.1 The presence of great crested newts was confirmed in four ponds, numbered P1_01A, P1_01B, 38 and 70, with great crested newts or their signs recorded. The methodology for assessing population size does not allow for an assessment to be made without adults being present; however, it could be concluded that where great crested newt eggs were recorded, their population class size is assessed as ‘small’ (Ref 9-37). Pond 38 was the only pond where adults were identified, with a small population recorded. 4.2.2 The great crested newt is a European Protected Species (“EPS”) and is listed as a Priority Species within the HABAP (Ref 9-49). Considering the location of the Scheme and the population of great crested newts recorded, it is considered to be of local value for great crested newts. 4.2.3 A number of ponds could not be surveyed as access was not given. However, previous great crested newt surveys undertaken (Ref 9-46) could be used to assess the likelihood of effects on newts as a result of the proposed construction activities. Pond 68 was found to have a medium population of great crested newts, and ponds 90, 96 and 110 a small population.
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4.2.4 The number of newts present in a pond may vary from one year to the next as a result of dispersal 2, land/habitat management and weather. Previous surveys (Ref 9-46) found pond 69 to have a small population of great crested newts, whereas as part of this study pond 69 was only found to support smooth newts. As ponds 68 and 69 are within 100m of pond 70, and it is likely that movement between these three ponds is undertaken (i.e. they are considered a meta-population), these ponds will also be considered to be of local value for great crested newts. 4.2.5 Table 4.1 gives approximate distances of confirmed newt ponds to the Agency Order limits and to the nearest proposed construction activity. Table 4.1: Distance of confirmed great crested newt ponds to Order limits and proposed works
Approximate distance Distance from from pond to Pond No. Order limits nearest construction (m) activities (m)
38 161 540
P1_01a 10 20
P1_01b 15 35
68 240 260
69 80 90
70 145 150
90 250 300
96 280 520
110 80 270
2 They commonly move between ponds that are within 250m of each other (English Nature, 2001). ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
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4.3 Reptiles
4.3.1 The highest peak count of reptiles recorded was at Site 22 where 12 slow worms and one grass snake were recorded during one visit. Sites 21 and 23 also had peak counts of ten slow worms, indicating that this section of the M4, between junctions 8/9 and 12, has a good slow worm population (Ref 9-39). To the east, numbers were lower, with peak counts of three grass snakes at Site 38 and four slow worms at Site 44. Where reptiles were located between junctions 3 and 8/9, counts indicated low populations of each species (Ref 9-39). 4.3.2 The two species of reptile recorded during the survey are considered to be locally common and generally present in suitable habitat in this region of the UK (Ref 9-5). This section of the M4 provides some patchy habitat for slow worms and grass snakes. Although not recorded during the survey, there is potential for common lizard to be present on wider sections of motorway verge; however, this species is much harder to detect using refugia surveys. The land within the Order limits provides patchy habitat for most of the widespread reptile species in locations where adjacent habitat is also suitable, and is therefore considered to be of local value to reptiles. 4.3.3 The 19 sites where negative survey results were recorded following the seven visits (Sites 1, 2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 31, 34, 35, 37, 39, 41, 45, 46, 47, 48, and 49) indicate an absence of reptiles. It is considered that the habitat in these sections is sub-optimal for reptiles, although there is potential for reptiles to be present in low numbers.
4.4 Bats
4.4.1 All of the bat roosts identified were small, and comprised common species only. All the species identified using the structures or trees as roosts are widespread within the area and there is an abundance of suitable roosting opportunities for them. Foraging habitat was assessed to be widespread within the area, and only used by common species. As such the structures, and trees with bat roosting potential and areas used for foraging within the Scheme are considered to be of no more than local to county value to bats (depending on the assemblage and roosts present, which are detailed in the chapter 9 Ecology and Nature Conservation).
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4.5 Dormice
4.5.1 Dormice populations have been recorded on the verge habitat and associated woodland of the Order limits, close to junction 13 (Ref 9-52). Areas of similar habitat have also been identified between junctions 8/9 and 12, and records from TVERC show historic records for dormice in habitat close to this section of the M4. 4.5.2 Despite the limitations of this survey, it is noted that the dormouse surveys undertaken in 2010 and 2013 recorded no evidence that indicated the presence of the species within the Scheme. Therefore, it is considered highly unlikely that dormice are present within the Order limit. There will be updated surveys in 2015 but for the purposes of this assessment the value of the Order limit to dormice is therefore considered to be negligible . 4.5.3 Where there is suitable habitat for dormice in the wider landscape there is potential for the species to be present and, therefore, utilising habitats adjacent to the Order limit, although from the survey results there is no evidence to support this.
4.6 Otters and water voles
4.6.1 The otter population in the Thames catchment has increased significantly over the past ten years with the Environment Agency’s 2009/2010 survey reporting 51-75% of positive sites within the region. This has been due to improved water quality and re-colonisation in the region which may partially be due to the reintroduction of 17 otters in the Upper Thames catchment in 1999 (Ref 9-53). 4.6.2 Survey findings confirm otters are using some of the watercourses in the area. At locations where no evidence was found but where the habitat is suitable, the presence of otters has also been considered. 4.6.3 Taking into account the number of records and signs of otters, and the suitability of habitat close to the M4, the habitats within the survey area are considered to be of local to county value for otters (depending on the importance of certain areas for connectivity which are documented in chapter 9 Ecology and Nature Conservation).
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4.6.4 Water voles have been in decline for a number of years with recent data indicating the species has declined by a fifth in the UK since 2011. Sections of the Kennet River and Kennet and Avon Canal have been listed by BBOWT as local key areas for water voles (Ref 9-9). Therefore, some of the watercourses running under and next to the Scheme are confirmed to be of biodiversity value for water voles. The habitats within the survey area are considered to be of local value to water voles.
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5 ASSESSMENT
5.1 Habitats
5.1.1 Habitats within the Order limits will be subject to direct effects as a result of the Scheme. Permanent and temporary loss of some habitat will occur during the construction phase, through land take associated with widening of structures and other activities. Mitigation is proposed to minimise the magnitude of the effects on habitats (see section 7 below), with temporary loss of habitat being offset by reinstatement following the completion of the works. 5.1.2 Other effects upon habitats comprise incidental pollution or dust deposition; these effects are indirect, and temporary in nature, and it is considered that the mitigation proposed will ensure that these effects are either avoided or significantly minimised.
5.2 Amphibians
5.2.1 In the absence of mitigation there is a potential for the Scheme to have a negative effect on the great crested newt population. There may be direct effects (mortality) on individual great crested newts during the construction or removal of gantries and the removal of vegetation along the Agency Order limits; and indirect effects from the removal of hedgerows and other suitable habitat resulting in a reduction in foraging and hibernating habitat. 5.2.2 As Ponds P1_01a, P1_01b, 69, and 70 are within 250m of the Agency Order limits and construction activities, negative effects are considered probable. Therefore, mitigation is proposed to reduce and/or avoid potential adverse effects on great crested newts (see section 7, below).
5.3 Reptiles
5.3.1 In the absence of mitigation there is a potential for the Scheme to affect reptiles through habitat loss and incidental mortality/injury. As reptiles are widespread across much of the site, all works requiring vegetation removal or excavation have the potential to damage reptile habitat and cause death or injury to reptiles.
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5.3.2 Any disturbance to the verges, such as siting of machinery, parking of vehicles and storage of equipment have the potential to disturb and damage habitat and potentially kill or injure reptiles seeking refuge in these areas. If any sections of verge require extensive areas of habitat removal this could result in habitat fragmentation, which could restrict the movement of reptiles. Mitigation is therefore proposed to reduce and/or avoid potential adverse effects on reptiles (see section 7, below).
5.4 Bats
5.4.1 There is potential for negative, indirect and temporary disturbance to roosting bats from noise, vibration and lighting from the following proposed works: a) construction of ERA E7-B4, chainage 43+250. If there is a need for activities that may involve significant levels of disturbance and vibration, such as piling, it is considered probable that this will affect roosting bats at the Straight Mile overbridge; b) construction of ERA E8-A2, chainage 50+550. If there is a need for activities that may involve significant levels of disturbance and vibration, such as piling and the installation of cable ducting to the bridge structure, it is considered probable that this will affect the Daubenton’s bat roost at the River Lodden underbridge; c) removal of gantry G9-05, chainage 56+550, which is adjacent to a pipistrelle roost at Foundry Brook culvert. Works are unlikely to generate significant levels of noise and disturbance and therefore it is highly unlikely that roosting bats will be negatively affected; d) gantry G9-17, chainage 61+250. If there is a need for activities that may involve significant levels of disturbance and vibration, such as piling and the installation of cable ducting to the bridge structure, it is considered probable that this will affect a pipistrelle maternity roost at Holybrook underbridge; and
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e) widening of the carriageway at chainage 61+550 to 61+850, which goes over the pipistrelle maternity roost at Beansheaf Farm culvert. This is likely to involve piling operations and it is considered probable that this will affect roosting bats. In addition, there is a possibility that Beansheaf Farm culvert may need widening or replacement headwalls to allow for the improvement of the slip roads east of junction 12 and, therefore, damage or disturbance to the roost may be unavoidable. 5.4.2 Works to trees at the following locations have the potential to cause direct negative effects on bats roosting with in them through disturbance and mortality: chainages 17+450 to 17+650 A and B; 27+550 to 27+700 A; 32+450 B; 33+600 A; 33+750 A; 34+250 to 34+450 A; 34+400 B; 46+950 A; 50+750 A; 50+950 B; 51+100 A; 51+250 A; 51+350 A; and 59+900 A. 5.4.3 During the construction phase indirect effects may occur to foraging/commuting corridors, through increased levels of lighting, noise, dust and vibration, which could restrict the availability of bat foraging habitat and deter commuting bats. 5.4.4 Mitigation is proposed to avoid and/or reduce the magnitude of the potential effects on bats. This is discussed further in section 7, below.
5.5 Dormice
5.5.1 Adverse effects on dormice as a result of the Scheme are not predicted since it is considered most likely that this species is absent from the habitats that will be directly and indirectly affected by the proposed works.
5.6 Otters and water voles
5.6.1 The proposed works will not result in any direct effects to otter or water vole habitat i.e. watercourses, ditches or riparian habitat. As such, direct effects on these species are considered unlikely 5.6.2 Despite no likely direct effects, any work near water carries a risk of pollution. Pollution incidents can cause indirect effects to both otter and water vole by affecting their food resources and habitat. Particular locations where pollution incidents could affect these species are: a) chainage 61+200 - gantry installation between the River Kennet and Holy Brook;
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b) chainage 43+000 to 43+050 - Installation of a refuge close to the Billingbear Brook; c) chainage 32+100 - The Cut culvert, installation of signage and MS4 on A carriageway; and d) chainage 31+300 - Thames Bray, widening of bridge structure over the watercourse. 5.6.3 Excessive noise and lighting close to watercourses may cause disturbance to otters and water voles. Any works within minor drainage ditches could also have an indirect effect on watercourses that are connected further downstream. 5.6.4 Road mortality is known to be one of the major causes of death to otters. Therefore, where concrete central reserve barriers are being installed in sections of motorway in close proximity to watercourses, there is potential for otter deaths to increase. 5.6.5 Mitigation is proposed to avoid and/or reduce the potential for effects on otters and water voles. This is discussed further in section 7, below.
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6 MITIGATION
6.1 Habitats
6.1.1 Ref 9-45 sets out a number of general recommendations to avoid and/or minimise effects as a result of the Scheme, of which the following remain applicable: a) where possible works will be located to avoid possible effects upon the sensitive sites and habitats. A buffer around any such site will be considered for this purpose; b) the Environment Agency’s Pollution Prevention Guideline on working near watercourses will be incorporated into site specific guidance notes provided to the site agent. These will form part of the site Construction Environmental Management Plan (“CEMP”) (Appendix 4.2) which will detail specific measures to avoid degradation of natural habitats; c) all vehicles to carry spill kits and all staff to be trained in how to use emergency response equipment; d) toolbox talks to be held with main works, vegetation clearance and cabling contractors, with particular attention given to the requirements of working close to watercourses and sensitive species; e) areas that will be disturbed will be kept to a minimum and will be clearly defined prior to the commencement of works. This could necessitate the erection of temporary fencing to demarcate works boundaries and sensitive areas; f) if vehicles have to be temporarily parked onsite, they will be kept within the site construction area to minimise disturbance to the surrounding area; g) any works that disturb drainage features will ensure that re- instatement is designed to retain their current working function; h) materials will not be stored or works compounds sited within areas of particular ecological interest to keep the spatial footprint of the effect upon such features to a minimum;
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i) all top soil will be retained onsite and replaced in the works areas post construction in order to maintain the local seed bank. In addition, areas of species-poor semi-improved grassland will be enhanced upon reinstatement through the use of appropriate species-rich grassland seed mixes and aftercare; and j) mature trees will be retained where possible and works close to them will be carried out in accordance with the British Standard BS5837:2012 ‘Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction – Recommendations’ (Ref 9-27). 6.1.2 In addition to the above, opportunities to enhance habitats within the Order limits will be explored through favourable management to offset some of the effects of the Scheme, including measures to eliminate invasive plant species listed on Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) (Ref 9-14) will be implemented.
6.2 Amphibians
6.2.1 A full suite of surveys of all ponds including those assessed as being of ‘poor’ suitability for great crested newts will be undertaken prior to the application for an EPS mitigation licence. Further attempts will be made to access ponds where contact with the relevant landowners was not made. 6.2.2 A mitigation strategy will be developed to reduce and/or avoid potential adverse effects on the great crested newt populations within the ponds where their presence has been confirmed (Ponds 38, P1_01a, P1_01b, 68, 69, 70 and 110), to ensure that the works comply with current legislation. This may include sensitive vegetation clearance, pitfall trapping, erection of exclusion fencing and careful hand searching for great crested newts. 6.2.3 Due to the potential effects on great crested newts, an EPS licence will be required for the Scheme. The licence will detail all mitigation proposals in a method statement. 6.2.4 Although the ponds themselves will not be directly affected by the development proposals, any potential amphibian hibernacula such as wood piles, tree roots and rubble piles within the construction footprint will be retained, if possible. Alternatively, hibernacula will be moved to an area where they will be undisturbed in the future, under the supervision of a suitably experienced ecologist.
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6.2.5 Dismantling and removing of any potential amphibian hibernacula will be undertaken outside of the amphibian and reptile hibernation period (generally from October to March inclusive). 6.2.6 Where vegetation is removed as part of the construction works, this will be replaced with native trees and shrubs of local provenance. 6.2.7 Following the mitigation detailed above, and subject to a detailed method statement, it is considered that the Scheme will not be detrimental to the conservation status of great crested newts.
6.3 Reptiles
6.3.1 Prior to the commencement of construction works, a reptile mitigation strategy identifying mitigation measures for specific areas of suitable reptile habitat will be produced. The document will identify the most appropriate mitigation, and location of receptor sites if translocation is deemed necessary. The reptile mitigation strategy will contain the method statements to be used in each location. 6.3.2 Where any vegetation clearance or excavation is required it will be undertaken in a sensitive manner, and in accordance with a method statement produced by an experienced ecologist. These methods will include: phased vegetation clearance; seasonal constraints and destructive searches. Depending upon the extent of habitat to be lost, it may also be necessary to carry out a localised translocation of reptiles. This will involve fencing off the working area and trapping reptiles using artificial refugia until it is judged that no more reptiles are present. 6.3.3 In addition to the above, where habitat is lost (and will not be able to re- establish) or habitat is fragmented then habitat enhancement will be implemented. This will involve creation of hibernacula (e.g. log piles and stone piles), habitat management and re-connection of habitats through appropriate habitat re-instatement (i.e. grassland and scrub). 6.3.4 Where reptile habitat will be disturbed rather than removed (e.g. used to store materials or park vehicles), the area will be cleared of all refuge features, such as logs, stones, mounds and grassy tussocks. It will then be strimmed and checked by an ecologist for any reptile presence prior to any disturbance.
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6.4 Bats
6.4.1 To minimise or avoid adverse effects to roosts, the Scheme design will seek to avoid obstruction or damage to roost features, particularly during the active bat season (May to September inclusive). Should intrusive works resulting in damage or destruction of the roost be unavoidable, then alternative roost habitat will be created under the application of an EPS development licence. Disturbance to the roost from construction activities, for example increased levels of lighting, noise and vibration above the existing threshold of the motorway, will also be managed subject to the conditions of an EPS licence. 6.4.2 Locations where particularly sensitive construction measures will be applicable are outlined within the following text: a) construction of ERA E7-B4, chainage 43+250: piling activities will be timed to avoid the active period for bats (i.e. between October and April) where possible. Works within 50m of this feature will be undertaken subject to the control of a detailed method statement, in order to protect the roost from significant levels of noise, vibration, dust and light; b) construction of ERA E8-A2, chainage 50+550; and construction of gantry G9-17, chainage 61+250: piling and cable duct installation activities will be timed to avoid the active period for bats (i.e. between October and April) where possible. Piling methodology will be adopted which minimises the effects of vibration (as stated above). Where these activities cannot be undertaken between October and April, then a detailed working method statement will be produced and consideration given to the need for an EPS licence from Natural England; c) widening of the carriageway at chainages 61+550 to 61+850: The Scheme design will seek to avoid obstruction or damage to the roost feature, particularly during the active bat season (May to September inclusive) by maintaining the existing structure and climate of the culvert. There is a possibility that the structure may need widening or replacement headwalls. Where effects cannot be avoided by timing and there is a need for structural enhancement, then a detailed working method statement will be produced and
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consideration given to the need for an EPS licence from Natural England; and d) works to trees at the following locations: chainages 17+450 to 17+650 A and B; 24+250 A and B; 27+550B to 27+750B; 32+450 B; 33+750 A; 33+600 A; 34+250 to 34+450 A; 34+650B to 35+150B; 50+750A; 50+950 B; 51+100 A; 51+250A; 51+350 A; and 59+900 A. The Scheme design will seek to avoid obstruction or damage to roost trees, particularly during the active bat season (May to September inclusive). If an effect to these trees cannot be avoided then a detailed working method statement will be produced and consideration given to the need for an EPS licence from Natural England. 6.4.3 In general, works in the vicinity of all known bat roost sites will avoid construction lighting where possible, or use directional lighting to avoid sensitive roost and foraging habitat, particularly during the period of May to September. 6.4.4 To minimise effects to bat foraging and commuting habitat a sensitive working method statement will be produced to detail measures to minimise the generation of noise, vibration and lighting, particularly at night during the active bat season (May to September). Any construction lighting will be directional and avoid spill into areas adjacent to the immediate work area where possible. 6.4.5 The Scheme also presents opportunities for enhancement with respect to bats, in particular the installation of bat boxes in order to provide bats with additional roosting opportunities.
6.5 Dormice
6.5.1 There is a likely absence of dormice from the Scheme, hence there is no requirement for mitigation measures for the species, or for an EPS licence. 6.5.2 In the unlikely event that any dormice or signs of dormice are found during the works, then those works will cease immediately. A suitably experienced ecologist will be consulted to assess the situation and determine whether a licence is required from Natural England.
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6.6 Otters and water voles
6.6.1 Where any works are close to ditches, watercourses and culverts then pollution prevention and control methods will be implemented and extreme care taken in accordance with Pollution Prevention Guidance, such as, Environment Agency Pollution Prevention Guidance 5 (“PPG5”) (Ref 9- 25). 6.6.2 Where works requiring extra lighting or excessive levels of noise or vibration (those considered to be above the normal levels) are necessary then, where possible, locations next to major watercourses will be avoided. If these cannot be avoided than precautions such as noise reduction methods and directing lighting away from the watercourse will be implemented. 6.6.3 Where concrete barriers are installed in the central reserve and watercourses are running either side or underneath the carriageway, then otters will be provided with adequate access through existing culverts, underpasses or overbridges that are safe from flooding. Fencing will be installed to minimise the risk of otters accessing the motorway, particularly at chainage 38+850 where there was a record of a dead otter on the road, and where there are two watercourses either side of the carriageway which do not appear to be connected by a culvert.
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7 CONCLUSIONS
7.1.1 The findings of this ecological survey update are broadly comparable to the original Phase 1 survey (Ref 9-48). The principal differences are as follows: a) changes in the extent of grassland, scrub and tall herb habitats, with encroaching scrub present in areas previously recorded as open habitats; and a) an increase in the extent of broad-leaved plantation woodland previously mapped as planted dense scrub; and the identification of additional habitats of significant ecological value within and adjacent to the Scheme. This includes neutral grassland, marsh/marshy grassland and swamp. 7.1.2 Small populations of great crested newts are present within the study area. Suitable terrestrial habitat for great crested newts is available within the Order limits between junctions 3 and 12. Therefore any works within 500m of a pond containing great crested newts will be undertaken under licence from Natural England following the mitigation outlined above. 7.1.3 The Order limits between junctions 3 and 8/9 provides some areas of habitat for widespread reptile species, with areas between junctions 8/9 and 12 providing areas of high quality habitat for the same species. Any works affecting this habitat has the potential to cause harm to reptiles. However, with the implementation of the appropriate mitigation measures all direct and indirect effects will be avoided or minimised to be in accordance with the legal protection afforded to reptiles. 7.1.4 There is potential for short-term adverse effects to bats during the construction period, as invasive works may be required near roosts. Access to available foraging and roosting features may be restricted (particularly for works during the active bat season of May to September inclusive). However, with the mitigation measures described all significant short-term and long-term adverse effects, with respect to bats, can be avoided. 7.1.5 Dormice are considered highly likely to be absent from the Order limits, hence no negative effects are predicted for this species as a result of the Scheme.
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7.1.6 As works are focused within the Agency land boundary (i.e. away from watercourses) direct negative effects on otters and water voles are unlikely. It is considered that with implementation of the appropriate mitigation, no significant indirect negative effects should occur to these species.
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REFERENCES Ref 9-1 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (2006) Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment within the United Kingdom . IEEM: Winchester
Ref 9-2 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 11, Section 3, Part 4. (2005) Ecology and Nature Conservation . Highways Agency
Ref 9-3 Highways Agency (2010) Interim Advice Note 130/10, Ecology and Nature Conservation: Criteria for Impact Assessment
Ref 9-4 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 11, Section 4, Part 1. (2005) Assessment of Implications (of Roads and/or Highways) on European Sites . Highways Agency
Ref 9-5 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 10, Section 4, Part 6. (2005) Nature Conservation Advice in Relation to Amphibians . Highways Agency
Ref 9-6 Natural England (2001) Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines , and European Protected Species license
Ref 9-7 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 10, Section 4, Part 7. (2005) Nature Conservation Advice in Relation to Reptiles and Roads . Highways Agency
Ref 9-8 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 10, Section 4, Part 3. (2005) Nature Conservation Advice in Relation to Bats . Highways Agency
Ref 9-9 Strachan, R., Moorhouse, T. & Gelling, M. (2011) Water vole Conservation Handbook (third edition) . WildCRu: Oxford
Ref 9-10 MAGIC (2014) [Online] Available from http://magic.defra.gov.uk/
Ref 9-11 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 10, Section 4. (2005) Nature Conservation . Highways Agency
Ref 9-12 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 11, Section 2, Part 5.
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(205/08) Assessment and Management of Environmental Effects . Highways Agency
Ref 9-13 The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2010) London: The Stationery Office Ref 9-14 Statutory Instrument 1151. The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 4) Order 1994. (1994) The Stationary Office Limited
Ref 9-15 Countryside and Rights of Way Act (2000) London: The Stationery Office
Ref 9-16 Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (2006) London: The Stationery Office
Ref 9-17 Statutory Instrument (1992) Protection of Badgers Act 1992 . London: The Stationery Office
Ref 9-18 Department for Communities and Local Government (2012) National Planning Policy Framework . London: The National Archives
Ref 9-19 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2011) Biodiversity 2020: A strategy for England’s wildlife and ecosystem services
Ref 9-20 Highways Agency (2010) Highways Agency Environmental Strategy
Ref 9-21 Environmental Protection Act (1990) London: The Stationery Office
Ref 9-22 Bat Conservation Trust (2009) Bats in Bridges. Bats and the Built Environment Series. Bat Conservation Trust , London
Ref 9-23 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 1, Section 4, Part 2. (2005) Mitigating Against Effects on Badgers . Highways Agency
Ref 9-24 Bat Conservation Trust (2007) Bat Surveys: Good Practice Guidelines. Bat Conservation Trust . London
Ref 9-25 Environment Agency (2007) Pollution Prevention Guidelines Works and Maintenance in or near Water: PPG5
Ref 9-26 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 10, Section 4, Part 4. (2005) Nature Conservation Advice in Relation to Otters . Highways
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Agency
Ref 9-27 BS 5837 ‘Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction – Recommendations (2012) London: The British Standards Institution
Ref 9-28 United Kingdom Climate Impact Programme 2009 (UKCP09) [Online] Available from http://ukclimateprojections.metoffice.gov.uk. [Accessed February 2015]
Ref 9-29 Oldham RS, Keeble J, Swan MJS & Jeffcote M (2000) Evaluating Suitability of habitat for the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus ), Herpetological Journal 10(4), 143-155
Ref 9-30 Natural England (2011) Badgers and Development, A guide to Best Practice and Licensing . Natural England, Peterborough
Ref 9-31 Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre (2014) [Online] Available from http://www.tverc.org/cms/
Ref 9-32 Greenspace Information for Greater London (2015) [Online] Available from http://www.gigl.org.uk/
Ref 9-33 Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes Environmental Records Centre (2015) [Online] Available from http://www.buckinghamshirepartnership.co.uk/partnership/BucksMKER C/bmerc.page
Ref 9-34 Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2010) Handbook for Phase I Habitat Survey – a Technique for Environmental Audit , reprinted 2010, JNCC, Peterborough Ref 9-35 Habitat Suitability Index: Langton T., Beckett C. and Foster J., (2001) Great Crested Newt Conservation Handbook . Froglife, Halesworth
Ref 9-36 Natural England (2011) Assessing population status of the great crested newt in Great Britain (NERC080) First Edition. October 2011
Ref 9-37 English Nature (2001) Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines , English Nature, Peterborough
Ref 9-38 Gent, A.H., & Gibson, S.D., eds., (1998) Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual . Joint Nature Conservation Committee: Peterborough
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Ref 9-39 Froglife (1999) Reptile survey: an introduction to planning, conducting and interpreting surveys for snakes and lizard conservation . Froglife Advice Sheer 10. Froglife: Halesworth Ref 9-40 Mouchel (2011) M4 Junction 8-12 Managed Motorway, Bat Report . Unpublished report for the Highways Agency
Ref 9-41 Hundt L (2012) Bat Surveys: Good Practice Guidelines , 2 nd Edition, Bat Conservation Trust
Ref 9-42 Andrews, (2013) Chapter B5 – Tree-roosting bats – Inspecting & Assessing PRF, Chapter B5 Ref 9-43 Mouchel (2011) M4 Junctions 3 to 12 Managed Motorways Ecological Survey Report Dormouse . Highways Agency
Ref 9-44 Chanin, P. and Woods, M. (2003) Surveying Dormice using nest tubes. Results and experiences from the Southwest Dormouse Project . English Nature Research Report No.524. English Nature, Peterborough
Ref 9-45 Mouchel (2010) M4 Junctions 3 to 12 Managed Motorways desk study report . Highways Agency
Ref 9-46 Mouchel (2011) M4 Junctions 3 to 12 Ecological Survey Report Great Crested Newts . Highways Agency
Ref 9-47 http://www.bats.org.uk/
Ref 9-48 Mouchel (2011) M4 Junctions 3 to 12 Managed Motorways Phase 1 Habitat Survey Report . Highways Agency
Ref 9-49 Highways Agency Biodiversity Action Plan (2002) Highways Agency
Ref 9-50 Rodwell (ed.) (1992) British Plant Communities Volume 3: Grasslands and montane communities . Cambridge University Press
Ref 9-51 http://berkshirelnp.org/
Ref 9-52 Highways Agency (2010) A34/M4 Junction 13 Improvement Five Years After Study
Ref 9-53 Crawford, A. (2011) Fifth otter survey of England 2009-2010 . Environment Agency: Bristol
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Ref 9-54 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Volume 10, Section 1. (2005) New roads. Highways Agency
Ref 9-55 Stace, C (1997) New Flora of the British Isles , Second Edition
Ref 9-56 FPCR (2008) SIFE, Bat Report for Goodman International Ltd
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Annex 1-A Phase 1 Habitat Plans and Target Notes (“TNs”)
TN Location Description Notable species
1 Numerous Suitable habitat to support sheltering and Reptiles foraging common reptiles. (potential)
2 Chainage Railway line: suitable wildlife corridor Bats 61+400 A providing access to the soft estate and across and B the M4 carriageway. This area is also considered suitable bat foraging habitat.
4 Chainage Holy Brook has good water vole potential with Water vole, otter, 61+250 A holes in the bank, as well as otter and bat bats (potential) and B commuting potential through the culvert. Bat droppings and deer slots in the culvert. Culvert and brook adjacent to a semi-mature Willow plantation and improved grassland.
5 Chainage River Kennet. Good riparian habitat suitable Otters, water 61+100 A for otter and water voles. vole, bats and B (potential)
6 Chainage Broad drain, about 10m wide, fringed by Bats, otters, 61+050 A Bulrush, with Broad-leaved Pondweed and water vole and B flowering rush abundant in the channel. (potential) Flanked by species-poor semi-improved grassland on both banks with scattered trees and shrubs (Willow and Hawthorn). Culvert has potential for commuting bats. Willows and Bramble grow on the bank adjacent to the culvert.
8 Chainage Off-site habitat immediately adjacent to the Reptiles 60+150 to soft estate consists of a mosaic of rank, (potential) 60+500 B species-poor grassland, dense and scattered scrub, dominated by Willows and Bramble and mature plantation woodland fringing the adjacent lake. The area is considered suitable habitat to support common reptiles.
9 Chainage Dry ditch running parallel to the Agency Amphibians 59+950 to boundary fence likely to be seasonally wet. (potential) 60+350 B Bulrush and Soft-rush are abundant. This habitat is considered suitable to support dispersing and foraging amphibians.
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TN Location Description Notable species
10 Chainage Clayhill Brook appears to have been diverted Otters, water 59+800 B about 30m to the west of its former course vole, bats, and now passes under the motorway at dormouse 59+850. To the north of the motorway the (potential) brook is situated in a diverse semi-mature plantation with Willow, Oak, Hazel and Bramble. To the south the stream is surrounded by Nettles and Brambles, but the culvert entrance is not overgrown. The original course of the brook at 59+750 is now a dry ditch. To the north of the motorway it runs along an old hedgerow. The ditch culvert is clear and dry, and could be used by mammals as an underpass. A mature Oak with bat potential is present in the hedge about 30m from the soft estate. Further old Oaks with bat potential are situated within 10m of the soft estate between this point and 59+850 B.
13 Chainage Two under passes connecting the wetland Otter, water 56+500 A areas via watercourses running south to voles, Indian and B north. Marginal and aquatic vegetation balsam present present and the banks are covered in dense scrub suitable for otter and water voles. These passages could also be used by commuting bats to cross the carriageway. A small patch of Indian balsam is present on the westbound side of the M4.
14 Chainage Dead Oak tree stump in the soft estate with Bats (potential) 50+950 B bat potential. Defunct hedge lines radiate from this point with mature Oaks (also with bat potential). The area is surrounded by semi-mature Ash plantation.
15 Chainage Wet ditch covered in Duckweed. Holes were Water vole 50+450 A noted in the banks. The culvert contains (potential), bat and B many cracks suitable for roosting bats. roost (potential)
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TN Location Description Notable species
16 Chainage River Loddon is a wide river running from Water vole, otter 50+400 A south to north. This area is considered (potential), bats and B excellent riparian habitat and the bridge is (roost and considered suitable to support roosting bats commuting using the cracks and joints between the potential in concrete. This is likely to be an important culvert) wildlife corridor crossing the M4 carriageway. The river is fringed with Yellow Flag, with banks of scattered crack Willow and Alder over Nettle. A number of possible water vole holes were noted in the bank.
17 Chainage Underpass with large box culvert. Large Bats (roost and 49+550 A cracks observed in the roof around the joints. commuting and B The broad wet ditch supports Soft-rush, potential) Lesser Water-parsnip, Gypsywort, Water Figwort, Water Mint, Brooklime and Hemlock Water-dropwort.
18 Chainage Dead Oak in an improved field with bat roost Bats (roost 49+250 potential, about 50m from the soft estate. A potential off site) large mature Oak, also with bat potential, lies further to the west in the same field.
19 Chainage A house identified as having bat roost Bats (roost 48+900 B potential in 2009, but no obvious entrance potential off site) holes or hanging tiles and floodlights are present by the roof apex. However, the hedgerow next to the house has a number of mature trees with good bat potential
21 Chainage A dead veteran Oak with bat roost potential Bats (roost 47+500 A situated south of the soft estate. Mammal potential off site) runs present in the vicinity.
22 Chainage Species-rich hedgerow linking to the soft Dormouse 49+200 A estate. Very overgrown, with Hazel, Elder, (potential) Field Maple, Hawthorn, Blackthorn and Hops.
23 Chainage Species-poor semi-improved field with a band Reptiles 50+400 A of wet woodland to the south. The grassland (potential) is rank and likely to be suitable for reptiles, together with the adjacent soft estate.
24 Chainages: Mature Oaks and Ash trees with bat roost Bats (roost 50+750 A; potential at the ends of four old, defunct potential within 51+100 A; hedgerows, falling within or immediately and adjacent to 51+300 A; adjacent to the soft estate. Frost cracks, knot the soft estate) 51+350 A. holes, dead branches, fissures and peeling bark are present in the majority.
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TN Location Description Notable species
25 Chainage Giant Hogweed present in the soft estate on Giant hogweed 56+250 A both sides of the motorway. and B
27 Chainage Grass snake sighting in 2009. Reptiles 60+450 A
28 Chainage Large Oak just outside the soft estate with Reptiles 44+950 B high bat potential. The adjacent soft estate (potential), consists of immature broad-leaved plantation Bats (potential) over poor semi-improved grassland adjacent to the soft estate. Considered suitable for reptiles together with the adjacent soft estate.
29 Chainage Poor semi-improved grassland forming a Reptiles 42+150 to mosaic with scattered bramble, tall ruderals (potential) 45+150B and deciduous trees. Considered suitable for reptiles.
30 Chainage A mature Ash and Oak immediately adjacent Bats (roost 44+700 B to the soft estate close to the end of a potential, hedgerow. adjacent to the soft estate)
31 Chainage Two species-poor semi-improved fields, Reptiles 44+350 to infrequently cut or grazed, with abundant (potential) 44+650 B False Oat-grass, Yorkshire Fog and Creeping Buttercup. A very well-defined mammal run follows the southern edge of these fields immediately adjacent to the soft estate.
32 Chainage A mature Oak located adjacent to the Bats (roost 44+350 B eastbound soft estate with features suitable potential, for use by roosting bats. adjacent to the soft estate)
33 Chainage Partially wet drainage ditch running through Reptiles, 43+850 B the Agency soft estate parallel to the amphibians boundary fence, supporting abundant (potential) Bulrush, Reed Canary-grass, False Fox- sedge.
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TN Location Description Notable species
34 Chainage A concrete box culvert approximately 1.5 x Bats (roost 43+000 A 2m passes under the carriageway. A small potential within a and B stream runs through northwards. The culvert) sediment is gravel and silt. Shells of freshwater clams were recorded in 2009. There is some potential for bats to use this culvert to roost. The banks on the northern side are dominated by Hemlock Water- dropwort, with dense Bramble and Blackthorn scrub on the southern side.
35 Chainage Broad-leaved semi-natural woodland (Bushy dormouse 41+950B Lees) dominated by Oak with frequent Silver (potential) Birch. The understorey is Hazel, Bramble, Bracken and occasional Rhododendron. This woodland grades into the plantation woodland of the soft estate.
36 Chainage A field drainage ditch connecting to the soft Reptiles, 41+150 B estate ditch and supporting Watercress, amphibians, Bulrush and Bittersweet. An area of marshy water vole grassland lies to the immediate west with (potential) abundant Hard Rush, Hemlock Water- dropwort, False Fox-sedge and scattered Willow saplings.
37 Chainage Hammond’s Wood. A broad-leaved, semi- Dormouse 40+750 to natural woodland bisected by the motorway. (potential); 41+050 A Dominant species include Oak with frequent Bats (potential and B Silver Birch and an understorey of Hazel, the roost adjacent to latter particularly dense on the westbound soft estate) side. One large Oak with bat roost potential is also present on the westbound side immediately adjacent to the soft estate. The ground layer is often sparse with locally dominant Bramble and Bluebell and frequent Honeysuckle. The adjoining soft estate consists of dense scrub and broad-leaved plantation.
38 Chainage A wet ditch linking to arable drainage. The Bats (potential) 40+450 B ditch is concrete lined and likely to be always wet. The watercourse is culverted under the carriageway through a concrete pipe. The ditch is heavily shaded and access was difficult due to steep banks and dense vegetation. Aquatic species present include Common Water-starwort.
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TN Location Description Notable species
39 Chainage The Plantation. Broad-leaved, semi-natural Rhododendron 40+050 to woodland dominated by Silver Birch and Oak 40+350 A with occasional Sweet Chestnut. The and B understorey is dominated by a dense covering of Rhododendron on the eastbound side of the motorway and this is encroaching onto the soft estate. The westbound side part of the woodland is more open, but rhododendron is also encroaching onto the soft estate at chainage 40+350 A and 40+150 A.
40 Chainage A large area of coniferous plantation Rhododendron 39+050 to woodland, locally dominated by Scots Pine 40+050 A over a ground layer of Bracken. Oak and and B Birch are occasional. This woodland becomes a line of mixed plantation onto the soft estate. Species include Oak, Birch and Sweet Chestnut. Rhododendron is present at the western end of the wood and is extending onto the soft estate between chainages 39+850 and 40+050 B.
41 Chainage A drainage ditch linked to a pond with Yellow- Water vole 38+850 B flag, Bulrush and Water Plantain. (potential)
44 Chainage A steep sided, wet (though shallow) ditch, Bats (potential) 37+900 B culverted under the carriageway via a concrete box culvert about 30-40cm high and 1-1.5m wide.
47 Chainage Ditch culverted under the carriageway, Bats (potential) 37+100 A supporting soft rush and Gypsywort. The and B culvert consists of a concrete tunnel approximately 60-70cm in diameter suitable for wildlife passage.
48 Chainage Broad-leaved semi-natural woodland Dormouse 36+150 to (Paddock Wood), dominated by Ash and 36+500 A Oak, with locally abundant Hazel and Field and B Maple over Dog’s Mercury, Bluebell, Wood Anemone, Wood Spurge, and Wood Melick.
50 Chainage A strip of plantation woodland with potential Dormouse 36+150 B to act as a wildlife corridor for dispersing (potential) animals to and from the adjacent semi-natural woodland. Species present include, Ash, Oak, Field Maple, Hawthorn and hazel. Ground layer includes Wood Melick and Greater Stitchwort.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 6
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
52 Chainage The River Cut runs from south to north under Bats (roost 35+550 A the carriageway. The substrate is gravel and potential in and B silt and the water is clear and approximately culvert); 10cm deep. The river passes through a box Indian balsam concrete culvert with features such as cracks and missing mortar considered suitable for use by roosting bats. South of the motorway the banks are lined with crack willow. North of the motorway the banks are more open, dominated by Nettle, Bramble and Indian Balsam with scattered willow. Mink footprints and scats were observed at this culvert in 2009.
53 Chainage Broad-leaved semi-natural woodland (Little Bats, dormouse 34+750 to Thrift Wood) dominated by Ash and Oak with (potential). 35+150 B occasional Birch and an understorey of Hazel and Field Maple. Bracken is locally abundant in the field layer, together with Bluebell and Yellow Archangel.
54 Chainage A number of mature Oaks are present Bats (potential) 34+850 to immediately adjacent to the soft estate with 35+050 B bat potential. The woodland on the soft estate is dominated by Birch, Ash, Hazel and Hawthorn.
55 Chainages: Mammal runs Mammal 37+450 B; (potential) 37+550 A
56 Chainage A raised embankment, consisting of poor Reptiles 37+600 to semi-improved grassland and tall herb (potential) 37+900 A mosaic, adjacent to soft estate habitats of plantation woodland, scattered trees and semi-improved grassland. Suitable reptile habitat.
57 Chainage Broad-leaved semi-natural woodland (Great Dormouse, bats 38+200 to Wood). The canopy is dominated by (potential) 37+900 A Pedunculate Oak and Sweet Chestnut with and B occasional Silver Birch. The understorey is Hazel and Hawthorn with a dense ground flora of Bracken. Immature semi-natural woodland also extends onto the soft estate in a mosaic with tall herb and poor semi- improved grassland.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 7
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
58 Chainage A drainage ditch adjacent to the carriageway Amphibians and 39+300 B with frequent bulrush, occasional Lesser reptiles Water-parsnip. (potential)
59 Chainage Grass snake observed sheltering under a Reptiles 36+600 B concrete slab of drainage well in 2009.
61 Chainage Pond with little or no aquatic vegetation and Amphibians 37+650 A shallow banks. Ringed by scattered Willows (potential) and Alder.
65 Chainage Warren Copse broad-leaved semi-natural Dormouse 42+250 A woodland dominated by Oak, Sweet Chestnut (potential) and Hazel. The ground layer includes Wood Melick and Bluebell.
66 Chainage Artificial spoil heap consisting of hardcore Reptiles, 35+150 A and earth. Partially vegetated with Garlic amphibians Mustard, Nettle, Hogweed and Bramble. (potential).
67 Chainage Immature, open plantation woodland with Ash Reptiles, 35+100 A (A-D), Pedunculate Oak (LA), Hawthorn (F). amphibians The ground layer is grassy with False Oat- (potential) grass and Oxeye Daisy. Shaded areas with Bluebell Bluebell and Greater Stitchwort. (present).
68 Chainage A row of about 10 semi-mature Ash Bats (roost 34+800 A immediately adjacent to the soft estate, a potential, number with small dead limbs and cracks. adjacent to soft estate).
69 Chainage Species-rich overgrown hedge with Field Bats (roost 34+600 A Maple, Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Hazel and Oak potential, standards with bat roost potential. Two adjacent to soft adjacent spoil heaps of rubble and sandy soil estate), reptiles, are vegetated with Nettle, Bramble, Broad- amphibians, leaved Dock and False Oat-grass. The soft dormouse estate consists of Bramble and Blackthorn (potential). with scattered Ash and occasional grassy patches.
70 Chainage 3 mature Oaks and one dead tree within Bats (roost 34+250 to broad-leaved plantation of the soft estate. potential within 34+450 A Peeling bark and dead limbs are visible. the soft estate) (junction 8/9) Plantation woodland consists of Ash, Cherry and Oak over Blackthorn, Bramble, Nettle, False Oat-grass and Greater Stitchwort.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 8
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
71 Junction 8/9 Dense sycamore/Hawthorn plantation on the Mammal burrows soft estate. Mammal burrows. (potential)
72 Junction 8/9 Spoil heaps adjacent to the soft estate Reptiles, consisting of soil and dead wood, mostly dormouse vegetated by Nettle. Plantation (potential). woodland/scrub of the soft estate consists of co-dominant Hawthorn and Hazel with occasional Oak over a sparse ground layer of ground Ivy and Nettle. A large mature Oak is present in a defunct Hawthorn dominated hedge adjacent to the soft estate and the spoil heap.
73 Junction 8/9, Small strip of moderately species-rich semi- Reptiles chainage improved grassland with abundant Oxeye (potential) 33+950 A Daisy, Creeping Cinquefoil, White Clover and Wild Carrot, frequent Ground-ivy and occasional Wild Teasel and Common Vetch.
74 Junction 8/9 Mosaic of moderately species-rich semi- Reptiles improved neutral grassland, marshy (potential) grassland and tall herb. Black Knapweed is abundant to dominant, with abundant Red Fescue, Oxeye Daisy and Creeping Cinquefoil; locally abundant Lady’s Bedstraw, Wild Teasel and Comfrey and frequent Yarrow. Marshy grassland/swamp areas support greater pond-sedge, False Fox- sedge, Hairy Sedge, Yellow Sedge and Silverweed. A dead roe deer was present.
75 Junction 8/9 Area of swamp dominated by greater pond- Reptiles sedge with frequent Purple Loosestrife; and (potential) Hard Rush dominant around the peripheries.
76 Junction 8/9 Moderately species-rich tall herb habitat with Reptiles abundant Fleabane and Creeping Cinquefoil, (potential) frequent Wild Teasel, Comfrey, Burdock, Ground-ivy, Creeping Buttercup and Bird’s- foot-trefoil. Surrounding scrub consists predominantly of Hawthorn and English Elm.
78 Chainage Mature Oak with dense Ivy cover on the edge Bats (roost 34+300 B of the soft estate, at the western end of an potential within area of dense plantation woodland, consisting soft estate), of Oak, Field Maple, Hawthorn, Birch, dormouse Sycamore and Ash.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 9
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
79 North of The Bourne stream. A modified river channel Water vole, otter junction 8/9 with locally dominant Greater Pond-sedge, (potential), bats Bulrush and Water Crowfoot in the channel. (roost potential in The banks are typically dominated by Nettle culverts) with abundant Hemlock Water-dropwort, together with scattered Crack willow and Grey Willow. The watercourse skirts the northern side of the junction and is culverted (box culverts) at three points: under the start of the A404(M), the A308(M) and the M4 at MP44/8.
80 Chainage A Crack Willow in the soft estate with bat Bats (roost 36+550 A roost potential, amongst a small band of potential in the semi-natural woodland, consisting of Ash, soft estate). Oak and Willow over Bramble.
81 Chainage Spoil heap adjacent to Paddock Wood largely Reptiles 36+500 B covered in Nettle. (potential)
82 Chainage Moderately species-rich neutral grassland on Habitats 36+250 B a north-west facing slope. Species include (potential) Oxeye Daisy, Dove’s-foot Cranesbill, Quaking Grass, Lesser Stitchwort, Lady’s Bedstraw, Common Spotted-orchid, Perforate St. John’s wort and Common Vetch.
84 Chainage Spoil heaps of rubble, earth and dead wood, Reptiles 35+150 B largely vegetated by nettle, of potential value (potential) to reptiles. The adjacent soft estate consists of fairly open, young ash plantation over species-poor semi-improved grassland, together with an open band of grassland adjacent to the carriageway.
85 Chainage Cluster of small ponds in a semi-improved Amphibians 37+050 B field about 50m from the soft estate, (potential) supporting frequent Bulrush and banks dominated by Hard Rush.
86 Chainage Broad, west-facing embankment consisting of Reptiles 37+050 to a mosaic of semi-improved grassland, (potential) 36+850 B scattered trees and scrub and tall herb communities. Species present in the grassland include Bird’s-foot-trefoil, Oxeye Daisy, Common Knapweed, Bugle, Wood Sedge and Male Fern, with scattered Ash, Rose and Bramble.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 10
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
87 Chainage Mature Oak with bat potential on an Bats (roost 38+550 B embankment/bund dominated by Hawthorn. potential) Two more Oaks are located in a line extending into the adjacent field, probably marking an old field boundary.
90 Chainage Large manure heap. Suitable egg-laying Reptiles 41+650 A habitat for grass snake. (potential)
91 Chainage Ongoing ground works (possibly bund Invasive species 41+200 A creation) in farmland immediately adjacent to (potential due to the soft estate. The soft estate fence earth movement) boundary has been partially removed and the works are effecting on the adjacent ditch.
92 Chainage Two fishing ponds fringed by Yellow Iris and Reptiles, 40+500 to Greater Pond-sedge. Separated from the soft amphibians 40+700 A estate by a high embankment supporting a (potential) mosaic of grassland and ruderal vegetation. The soft estate consists of a mosaic of Bramble and Nettle/Hemlock Water-dropwort dominated tall herb with a narrow band of poor semi-improved grassland adjacent to the hard shoulder.
95 Chainage Four mature Ivy-covered crack willows within Bats (roost 44+550 A the soft estate adjacent to a small dry ditch potential) culverted under the motorway. Both the trees and the culvert have bat roost potential. The culvert may also serve as a mammal passage under the motorway.
96 Chainage Semi-natural woodland called Birch Dormouse, bats 42+950 A Plantation, with a canopy dominated by oak (potential) and ash over a well-developed shrub layer of Hazel and Hawthorn. The ground layer is grassy with frequent Bluebell. Some old Oaks are present with rot holes. A band of Aspen plantation lies immediately adjacent to the soft estate. The soft estate is dominated by Blackthorn and Bramble scrub with scattered immature trees.
97 Adjacent to Semi-natural woodland dominated by Rhododendron westbound Sycamore with frequent Yew and Sweet off slip Chestnut over an understorey of Holly, junction 10, Rhododendron, Cherry Laurel and Wych Elm. chainage The adjacent soft estate consists of dense 45+550 A plantation dominated by Ash with a Hawthorn understorey.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 11
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
98 Chainage Small area of species-rich grassland in front Reptiles 45+400 B of a large road sign with Oxeye Daisy, Bugle, (potential) Common Spotted-orchid, Common Knapweed, Glaucous Sedge, Lesser Stitchwort. Adjoining woodland consists of oak in the soft estate with Beech further in, with Wood Avens and Nettle in the ground layer.
99 Chainage Large pond surrounded by Ash, Willow, Amphibians 45+100 A Sweet Chestnut and Field Maple. A stand of (potential), giant Giant Hogweed is present in Willow scrub hogweed immediately adjacent to the soft estate.
101 Chainage Giant Hogweed amongst Nettle and Bramble Giant hogweed 45+100 B along the soft estate drainage ditch. Ditch supports locally dominant Bulrush.
102 Chainage Mature London Plane tree, partially section- Bats (potential, 45+350 B felled, with an abundance of rot holes and within the soft cracks, within young plantation woodland in estate) the soft estate.
103 Adjacent to Semi-natural oak woodland with a hazel Dormouse eastbound understorey and a Bluebell dominated ground (potential) on slip, layer. The soft estate consists of a mosaic of junction 10, trees and scrub. chainage 45+800 B
104 Junction 10 Large mature Oak with abundant cracks and Bats (roost chainage rot holes within plantation woodland close to potential in the 45+950 the end of slip road from the A329 (M). soft estate)
105 Chainage Semi-natural woodland extending onto the Dormouse, bats 46+800 A soft estate, with a canopy of Ash, Oak and (potential) Silver Birch over a shrub layer of Holly and Hazel. Some trees are covered in Ivy.
106 Chainage An Ivy-covered oak with bat potential on the Bats (roost 46+550 A edge of the soft estate and linked to a defunct potential) hedgerow with trees.
107 Junction 10, Emm Brook flowing south to north under the Water vole chainage motorway through a double culvert one of (potential) 46+450 A which is dry. The banks are dominated by and B Nettle with some Bramble, Reed Canary- grass, Hemlock Water-dropwort and Alder. Indian Balsam is also present on the north side of the culvert. Fox prints were noted at the southern end of the culvert.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 12
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
108 Junction 10 Three mature Oaks with numerous cracks Bats (roost and rot holes and two mature ash covered in potential) dense Ivy. The surrounding ground layer is dominated by nettle and Indian Balsam.
109 Junction 10 A small area of species-rich grassland with Reptiles abundant Glaucous Sedge, Lady’s Bedstraw, (potential) Common Knapweed, Common Spotted Orchid (O), Fleabane, Selfheal, Bird’s-foot- trefoil and Meadow Vetchling, being encroached by trees and scrub.
110 Junction 10 Mosaic of species-rich grassland, tall herb Reptiles and marshy grassland. Species present (potential) include Black Knapweed, Lesser Stitchwort, Common Spotted-orchid, Fleabane, Glaucous Sedge, Common Toadflax, Wild Teasel, Marsh Thistle, Creeping Buttercup, Bird’s-foot-trefoil, Yorkshire Fog, Crested dog’s-tail, Twayblade.
112 Chainage A block of semi-natural woodland with Bats, barn owl, 47+500 B dominant Oak, Ash and Sycamore, and dormouse frequent Elm, Yew, Horse Chestnut and Laurel. Shrub layer with dominant Hazel and Holly, ground layer with dominant Ivy. Line of mature trees by a drain (Oak and Ash). Bat and barn owl potential in a dead tree in this line of trees, approximately10m away from the soft estate.
113 Chainage Stream culvert under M4, approximately 0.5m Bats (potential) 48+050 B radius above the water level. Potential for commuting bats. Hemlock Water-dropwort lines the banks and common water-starwort in the channel. Surrounded by semi-mature trees, with dominant Willow, Oak and Ash, with good Ivy cover. Understory with dominant Hazel, ground layer with dominant Ivy.
114 Chainage Stream culvert under M4, approximately 0.5m Bats (potential) 48+350 B radius from the water level. Culvert entrance relatively clear, good potential for commuting bats. Semi-mature tree plantation with dominant Willow, Field Maple, Ash and Elm. Understory with Hazel, Honeysuckle and Hawthorn. Ground layer with Buttercup, Common Valerian and Common Figwort.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 13
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
115 Chainage Indian Balsam in a soft estate ditch with Indian balsam 49+150 B Nettle and Hemlock Water-dropwort.
116 Chainage The adjacent soft estate consists of Willow, Bats 49+250 B Elder and Hawthorn with scattered Ash. (commuting potential)
117 Chainage A shallow pond 30m from the soft estate; Amphibians, bats 49+350 B about 10m x 15m. Very little emergent (potential) vegetation, except for some Floating Sweet Grass. A species-poor area of marshy grassland is present between the pond and the soft estate, dominated by Tufted Hair- grass. To the south-west is a veteran Oak tree with bat potential, situated a few metres from the soft estate.
118 Chainage Stream adjacent to River Loddon. Abundant Water vole, otter 49+850 B Reed Canary Grass, Common Club-rush and (potential), Indian Lesser Water-parsnip in and adjacent to the balsam channel. A group of Alders with bat potential due to extensive hops and ivy cover occur between the stream and river. Indian Balsam growing by the Alders. There are potential water vole burrows in the stream banks near the culvert at chainage 49+850.
119 Chainage Culvert under M4 – four tunnels with water. Bats, otter, water 50+050 B Excellent bat potential (foraging and vole (potential) commuting). Willow, Bramble, Marsh Marigold, Yellow Flag occur along the stream banks.
120 Chainage A large area of marshy grassland and swamp Reptiles 50+250 B adjacent to the River Loddon and the soft (potential) estate. The swamp is dominated by Greater Pond Sedge, with Meadowsweet and Comfrey. The marshy grassland supports frequent Tufted Hair-grass, Meadow Foxtail, Greater and Lesser Pond Sedge, False Fox Sedge, False Oat Grass, Meadowsweet, Comfrey and occasional Ragged Robin. Reed Canary Grass and Willows are present on the periphery, with Cherry and Hawthorn.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 14
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
121 Chainage Mostly species-poor semi-improved fields Reptiles 49+950 A adjacent to the soft estate but with pockets of (potential) diversity, providing a link between the soft estate and Loader’s Copse woodland. Grassland with dominant Yorkshire Fog, Cock’s-foot and False Oat-grass, together with locally frequent Greater Bird’s-foot trefoil, Common Bird’s-foot trefoil, Lesser Stitchwort, Crosswort, Grass Vetchling and Creeping Buttercup. Loader’s Copse is a wet woodland with abundant Ash, Willow and Alder, over a ground layer dominated by Greater Pond Sedge and Nettle.
122 Chainage Species-rich grassland by M4 hard shoulder, Reptiles 47+750 to with Grass Vetchling, Meadow Vetchling, (potential), wall 48+250 A Goat’s Beard, Cat’s Ear, Wild Carrot and Wild cotoneaster Parsley. Locally abundant Salad Burnet, Oxeye Daisy and Common Vetch. Wall Cotoneaster is present, approximately 5 x 3m large area at chainage 48+050 A.
123 Chainage Two mature Poplars with bat potential in the Bats (roost 51+750 A soft estate – double-headers with Ivy cover potential in soft and fissures, DBH 1m. Derelict barn and estate) house immediately adjacent to the soft estate have bat and barn owl potential.
124 Chainage Adjacent to the soft estate fence at the end of Bats (roost 51+050 A a defunct hedgerow with a large mature Oak potential) (see TN24).
125 Chainage A band of wet woodland adjacent to a stream, Habitats 50+450 A dominated by Alder and Ash with Grey (potential) Willow. Ground layer of Nettle and Comfrey. Yellow Flag, Lesser Pond Sedge and Reed Canary grass in wetter areas.
126 Chainage Species-rich semi-improved grassland Habitats 50+450 B flanked by a line of willows next to a ditch. (potential) Abundant Cat’s Ear, Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Oxeye Daisy, Lesser Stitchwort, Ribwort Plantain and Meadow Buttercup, with scattered Hawthorn and Rose. Grazed by horses.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 15
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
127 Chainage Semi-mature plantation with Oak, Ash, Field Dormouse, bats 51+200 B Maple and Willow. Mammal runs present. (potential) Dormouse potential (Honeysuckle, Oak, Bramble and Hazel with good connectivity). Ivy-clad mature oaks with bat potential near 51+350 marker.
129 Chainage Three slow worms were found under a reptile Reptiles – 53+300 B tile. The surrounding grassland is species- confirmed rich in places, with Meadow Vetchling, presence Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Knapweed, Oxeye Daisy, Wild Carrot, Fleabane, Hairy Sedge and Yorkshire Fog, together with scattered shrubs and saplings, including Ash, Oak, Blackthorn, and Bramble.
130 Junction 11 A chain of three balancing ponds adjacent to Habitats M4 J11. Isolated by main roads on all sides. Amphibians The central pond is dominated by Bulrush (potential) and Common Reed swamp habitat. The outer two are predominantly open water, fringed by Yellow Flag, Lesser Water-parsnip and Great Willowherb. The westernmost pond also supports Broad-leaved Pondweed. Waterfowl were present.
131 Junction 11 New balancing pond fringed by Yellow Flag, Habitats with floating seeded mats extending out Amphibians across the surface. Isolated by roads on all (potential) sides. Surrounded by species-rich grassland and young plantation woodland.
132 Chainage Mature conifers adjacent to the soft estate in Bats (roost 53+650 A a private garden. Bat potential – cracks, potential) hazard beams and Ivy.
134 Chainage Two mature Oaks adjacent to the soft estate. Bats (roost 52+400 A Bat potential – peeling bark, fissures, dead potential) branches. Second Oak grows in an old double hedgerow. Next to an arable field and species-poor semi-improved grassland.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 16
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
135 Chainage Species-rich neutral to calcareous semi- Reptiles 56+700 A. improved grassland on a road embankment (potential), south of the M4 soft estate, supporting Oxeye Virginia creeper Daisy, Lady’s Bedstraw, Dove’s-foot Cranesbill, Salad Burnet, Selfheal, Rough Hawkbit, Germander Speedwell, Knapweed, Creeping Cinquefoil, Lesser Stitchwort, Cowslip, Yarrow, Mullein, Yellow Loosestrife, Bladder Campion and Hare’s Tail Grass. A small area of Virginia Creeper is also present. A similar, but smaller area is also present on the eastern embankment which is gradually scrubbing up. This area also supports Teasel, Hairy Sedge and Betony.
136 Chainage Mature Oaks with bat potential – holes, dead Bats (roost 56+500 A branches and fissures, in a field adjacent to potential) the soft estate. Improved grassland flanked by hedges on two sides.
137 Chainages Culvert under M4 adjacent to a semi-mature Bats (potential) 56+350 A Poplar plantation connecting onto a muddy and 56+250 ditch. The eastbound culvert entrance is B hidden below the bank by Willows, Nettles and Brambles.
138 Chainage Bat roost potential in two Poplars adjacent to Bats (potential) 56+150A the soft estate fence. Large holes close to the ground.
139 Chainage Culvert under M4 with potential for Bats (potential) 56+050 A commuting bats. Dry at present, but connecting onto a wet ditch. Dense blackthorn is present on the adjacent soft estate. The only access to the culvert is via a dry ditch on adjacent farmland lined by two overgrown hedgerows with trees, consisting of Hawthorn, Ivy and Blackthorn, Field Maple and Oak. The trees along the hedgerows offer bat roost potential.
140 Chainage Two mature Oaks with bat potential in a line Bats (potential), 55+850 A of trees flanked by improved grassland. On the edge of a mature broad-leaved plantation - mammal runs present. A lot of holes – probably a rabbit warren.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 17
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
141 Chainage Culvert under M4 surrounded by bramble Bats (potential) 55+200 A which grows on both sides of a wet ditch. The and B ditch supports gypsywort and great willowherb. Southern entrance very overgrown and potentially difficult for bats to use for commuting. Water levels very high. Northern side of the culvert is clear and accessible.
142 Chainage Indian balsam, nettle and hemlock water- Indian balsam 56+450 B dropwort present in a dry soft estate ditch.
143 Chainage Ash tree in a hedge with bat potential (ivy, Bats (potential) 58+150 A dead branches, cracks). Just outside the soft estate, next to improved grassland.
144 Chainage Culvert under M4 connected to a dry ditch. Bats (potential) 59+100 A The northern entrance lies in semi-mature and B plantation The culvert entrance from the other side of the motorway is inaccessible due to thick brambles.
146 Chainage West-bound culvert by Arlington Business Bats (roost 61+750 A Park, joined onto the business park lakes via confirmed), and B a ditch which also runs along the edge of the otters, water vole soft estate which is considered to be sub- (potential) optimal for water voles. Ditch banks support Water Figwort, Great Willowherb, Hogweed and Hemlock Water-dropwort. Lakes and ditch surrounded by semi-mature and mature trees (Willow, Oak, Lime, Ash, Hawthorn). Culvert is adjacent to semi-improved grassland next to the hard shoulder with very good reptile potential. Empty shells by culvert possibly due to feeding otter. Mammal runs present in the semi-mature plantation between the grassland area and the business park. East-bound culvert entrance is in a semi- mature willow plantation and joins onto a stream which is culverted under a field track. Stream has water vole potential with holes in the bank. Lesser Water Parsnip, Water Forget-me-not and Yellow Flag grow in the stream, flanked by ruderal vegetation and Willows.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 18
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
147 Chainage Group of Ivy-clad crack willows within the soft Bats (roost 61+450 A estate next to the railway boundary with bat potential) potential (Ivy, fissures, peeling bark and dead branches).
149 Junction 12 Bands of rank, but fairly species-rich Habitats grassland along the peripheries of J12 soft (potential) estate islands. The northernmost area supports abundant Oxeye Daisy, Knapweed, Yarrow, Wild Carrot and locally frequent Pyramidal Orchid. The bands adjacent to the M4 carriageway are similar, with abundant Knapweed, Meadow Vetchling, Creeping Cinquefoil and locally abundant Salad Burnet.
150 Chainage Semi-improved species-rich grassland Habitats 59+300 to managed as amenity grassland, but mown (potential) 59+700 B with sufficient height or infrequency to allow some flowering. Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil, White Clover, Creeping Cinquefoil, Self-heal, Rough Hawkbit, Black Medick, Dove’s Foot Cranesbill, Forget-me-not, Yarrow and Ribwort Plantain are frequent to abundant.
151 Chainage Small pond covered in Duckweed in a band Amphibians 60+350 B of semi-mature willow plantation, situated (potential) between the soft estate and a dirt track. Track separates the pond from a lake. Approximately 8m x 5m, fringed by Lesser Water-parsnip, Yellow Flag and Soft Rush and shaded by Willow, Alder and Bramble. No evidence of waterfowl.
152 Chainage Two small ponds approximately 40m from the Amphibians 59+900 A soft estate. First pond is about 15m x 5m (potential) when full, second pond about 10m x 3m but currently dry and dominated by Bulrush, Reed Canary Grass and Water Mint. The ponds are situated in rank, species-poor grassland with scattered scrub.
153 Chainage Garden allotments immediately adjacent to Reptiles 47+200 A the soft estate. (potential)
154 Chainage Area of bare gravel across the top half of a Cotoneaster 47+750A south facing embankment with scattered (invasive bramble and Wall Cotoneaster species)
155 Numerous Indian Balsam Impatiens glandulifera
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
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APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 19
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
156 Numerous Japanese Knotweed Fallopia japonica
157 Numerous Giant Hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum
158 Chainage River Cerne culvert –Motorway over bridge. Impatiens 11+050 Small River has muddy substrate. Indian glandulifera, to10+900 A Balsam occurs in large homogenous stands Heracleum & B along both banks. Giant Hogweed occurs mantegazzianum along both river banks to the north and Potential for south of the motorway. The stands of this otter. plant have spread into the woodland to the north of the river and along the soft estate of the on slip.
159 Chainage River Thames. Major river with a wooded Impatiens 36+250 A & island to the north. The western river bank glandulifera B is shaded by tall trees including mature Potential for Willow. The eastern bank has mature scrub otter. with semi-mature trees within it; this bank has a well-used footpath along it. The River Thames is considered suitable foraging habitat for otters. There is a stand of Indian Balsam on the south eastern bank.
160 Chainage River Colne. The river passes under the Impatiens 16+000 A motorway bridge. To the south is glandulifera. and B Harmondsworth Nature Reserve and the Potential for otter river banks are shaded by mature scrub. To the north the land appears to be frequently inundated and the flora reflects this with mature Willow and semi-mature Alder. There are two small stands of Indian balsam within 50m from the northern extent of the bridge. There are birds nesting within the bridge structure. The river corridor provides suitable foraging habitat for bats and otter. The habitat close to the bridge is sub-optimal for water vole.
161 Chainage Chavley Brook. Culverted brook under M4. Impatiens 26+850 A glandulifera and B
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
162 Chainage The Cut. A heavily shaded watercourse. Impatiens 32+100 A Both banks of this river have been glandulifera. and B reinforced with timber boarding. The banks Heracleum have Hawthorn and Hazel scrub with large mantegazzianum stands of nettles where shade is not Potential for otter complete. The cut has potential to support foraging otter. The watercourse has limited marginal/emergent flora, is heavily shaded and the reinforced banks make the channel directly adjacent to the road bridge unsuitable for water vole. Rat footprints were observed within the mud under the road bridge. The South side of the bridge supports a stand of Indian Balsam with a few Giant Hogweed plants within it.
163 Chainage Steep sided bank which supports tall Mammal burrows 21+650 B ruderal growth – Brassica spp. and (potential) Hemlock.
165 28+050 A Plantation woodland (Ash, Field Maple, and Mammal burrows Sycamore) in which there are dry ditches (potential) and an area of woodland that has been cleared and is regenerating to form an area of thick Bramble scrub.
166 Chainage Semi-Improved grassland. Wood Lane Habitats 27+300 A overbridge had a diverse sward including (potential) Red Fescues, Creeping Bent, Cock’s-foot, False Oat-grass, Oxeye Daisy, Red Campion ( Silene dioica ), Creeping Cinquefoil, Hairy Tare ( Vicia hirsuta ), Common Vetch (Vicia sativa ). Cut-leaved Crane's-bill (Geranium dissectum ).
167 Chainage The Jubilee River. A man made river that Otter 30+300 acts as storm relief for the River Thames. The river has shallow banks which vary in levels of vegetation, sometimes shaded by scrub but often supporting large amounts of marginal/emergent species such as Common Reed, Carex spp. No sign of water vole activity was recorded. Both banks of this river are used by walkers and the bank had evidence of frequent use by dogs. Otter spraints were found under the Motorway bridge
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
TN Location Description Notable species
168 Chainage The Wraysbury River. The river passes under Potential for otter 16+100 the motorway bridge. To the south is and water vole. Hamondsworth Nature Reserve and the river Evidence of mink banks are shaded by mature scrub. To the found north the land appears to be frequently inundated and the flora reflects this with mature Willow and semi-mature Alder and species poor rank grassland.
169 Construction Two log piles creating suitable hibernacula Amphibian/reptile compound 2 potential
170 Construction Tree with bat roost potential Bat potential compound 3
171 Construction Tree with bat roost potential Bat potential compound 4
172 Construction Invasive non-native species rhododendron. Rhododendron compound 8
175 Numerous Access not obtained
176 Construction Piles of rubble and debris cresting suitable Amphibian/reptile compound hibernacula potential 14
177 Construction Pond Amphibian compound potential 14
178 Construction Mammal hole .Mammal paths identified over Mammal burrows compound site. (potential) 14
179 Construction Tree with bat roost potential Bat potential compound 14
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APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-A PAGE 22
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Annex 1-B Non-Statutory Designated Sites NON-STATUTORY DESIGNATED SITES OF IMPORTANCE FOR NATURE CONSERVATION WITHIN 1KM OF THE SCHEME. Site Name and Distance Grid Habitat Value/Importance from Scheme Reference
London’s Canals 920m north TQ 202 Bare ground, canal, ruderal, Site of Metropolitan of the 833 scattered trees, scrub, Importance Scheme secondary woodland, semi- improved neutral grassland, tall herbs, vegetated wall/tombstones, wet woodland/carr. Carp Ponds and 760m north TQ 077 A series of lakes and Broads Dock of the 795 ponds, teeming with plant Site of Metropolitan Scheme life including a number of Importance species which are unusual in London. Lower Colne Crosses TQ 047 Marsh/swamp, orchard, Site of Metropolitan the 780 pond/lake, running water, Importance Scheme wet ditches, wet grassland, wet woodland/carr. Crane Corridor Adjacent TQ 113 This corridor of open space Site of Metropolitan 743 around the River Crane Importance combines an excellent variety of wetland habitats, including ponds and lakes and includes some historic buildings. Cranford Countryside Adjacent TQ 100 Amenity grassland, edge, Park and Open 775 orchard, planting shrubbery, Space scattered trees, scrub Site of Borough secondary woodland, semi Importance improved neutral grassland, tall herbs, unimproved neutral grassland vegetated wall/tombstones, wet ditches. Wall Garden Farm Adjacent TQ 078 Bare ground, sand bank, Sand Heaps 783 semi-improved neutral Site of Borough grassland. Importance
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Site Name and Distance Grid Habitat Value/Importance from Scheme Reference
St George’s 620m TQ 058 Marsh/swamp, pond/lake, Meadows, North of 791 scattered trees, scrub, tall Southlands Arts the herbs, unimproved neutral Centre Scheme grassland Site of Borough Importance Cranford Lane Gravel 50m South TQ 096 Bare ground, hedge, Workings of Scheme 780 ruderal, scattered trees, Site of Borough scrub, semi-improved Importance neutral grassland, wet ditches. Stockley Road Rough 480m TQ 075 Rough grassland Site of Local North of 793 Importance Scheme Hartlands Wood and 250m West TQ 107 Scrub, secondary Lower Park Farm of Scheme 780 woodland, semi-improved Local Importance neutral grassland, tall herbs Airlinks Ponds 675m West TQ 113 Amenity grassland, (Proposed) Local of Scheme 784 pond/lake, reed bed Importance Trumper’s Field Local Adjacent SU 914 Unimproved damp neutral Wildlife Site 794 grassland Dorney Common and 640m SU 937785 Rough semi-improved Cress Brook Local South of grassland Wildlife Site Scheme Bray Pit BBOWT Adjacent SU 903 Grassland and wetland Nature Reserve 787 Home Farm Stream Adjacent Wide stream, scattered Biological Notification MP 29/3 shrubs, cattle poaching on Site eastern bank; trees and bushes on western bank, reeds. Hammonds Wood Adjacent SU838738 Semi-natural woodland LWS Kiln Copse LWS Adjacent SU834734 Ancient woodland Bushy Lees LWS Adjacent SU829733 Semi-natural woodland Warren Copse LWS Adjacent SU 826 Ancient woodland 729 Loddon River (part) Adjacent SU720652 Semi-natural riverine LWS to habitats SU788786 Pearman’s Copse Adjacent SU735693 Ancient woodland LWS
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APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-B PAGE 2
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Site Name and Distance Grid Habitat Value/Importance from Scheme Reference
The Grove LWS Adjacent SU729689 Mosaic of rank grassland, scrub, secondary woodland and two ponds Burghfield Gravel Pits Adjacent SU687703 Lakes, marginal wetland LWS habitats and woodland Theale Gravel Pits Adjacent SU659704 Lakes, marginal wetland LWS habitats and woodland Paddock Wood LWS Adjacent SU869773 Ancient woodland Little Thrift Wood Adjacent SU878781 Ancient woodland LWS Great Wood Adjacent SU855762 Ancient woodland New England Wood Adjacent SU854751 Ancient woodland Grassland at Holyport 600m SU888778 Semi-natural grassland LWS Ockwells Manor 600m SU874785 Ancient woodland Wood LWS Woodland near Short 500m SU872768 Semi-natural woodland Lane Farm LWS Triangular Wood, 500m SU870767 Semi-natural woodland Paley Street LWS Woods by Waltham 300m SU860770 Ancient woodland Place LWS Marsh Wood LWS 600m SU847768 Semi-natural woodland Pond Wood LWS 200m SU849756 Ancient woodland Buck Farm Copse 600m SU854742 Semi-natural woodland LWS Benhams Copse 600m SU854742 Semi-natural woodland LWS Gardner’s Copse 150m Not known Ancient woodland LWS Surrells Wood LWS 700m SU821738 Semi-natural woodland Furze Covert LWS 300m SU798715 Semi-natural mixed woodland Bearwood Estate – 600m SU776686 Semi-natural woodland Woods and Lakes around a large lake LWS Winnersh Woodland 600m SU773707 Semi-natural hazel coppice LWS woodland Loddon Bridge/Lower 300m SU766711 Parkland including some Earley Common LWS species-rich grassland
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APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-B PAGE 3
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Site Name and Distance Grid Habitat Value/Importance from Scheme Reference
Alder Carr, adjacent 300m SU765702 Wet woodland to River Loddon LWS Gravel Pit Wood 400m SU761690 Lowland deciduous LWS woodland and wet woodland Rushy Mead and 180m SU751691 Wet woodland New Covert LWS St John’s Copse 400m SU745691 Semi-natural woodland LWS Shinfield Park, Nores 200m SU727693 Ancient woodland Hill LWS Great Lea Pond LWS 300m SU709685 Mosaic of silted pools and wet woodland Pinge Wood LWS 400m Not known Woodland Small Copse at 600m Not known Woodland Burghfield Mill LWS Hosehill Green, 500m Not known Unknown Jame’s Hill, Bennettshill LWS Harefield Copse, 500m SU650727 Semi-natural woodland Mount Skyver, Boxgrove Wood LWS
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APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 1-B PAGE 4
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Annex 2-A Great Crested Newt HSI Results
Pond SI1 SI2 SI3 SI4 SI5 SI6 SI7 SI8 SI9 SI10 HSI Pond No. Score Suitability
1B 1.00 0.73 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.67 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.36 0.80 Excellent
2 1.00 0.90 0.90 0.67 1.00 0.01 0.33 0.45 0.67 0.33 0.42 Poor
3B 1.00 0.95 0.50 0.33 1.00 0.67 1.00 0.84 0.33 0.61 0.67 Average
3C 1.00 0.95 1.00 0.33 1.00 0.67 1.00 0.84 0.33 0.31 0.67 Average
4 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.84 0.33 0.31 0.49 Poor
7 1.00 0.01 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.10 1.00 0.33 0.18 Poor
8 1.00 0.70 0.90 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.81 0.83 Excellent
9 1.00 0.80 0.90 0.67 0.40 1.00 0.33 0.68 1.00 0.51 0.68 Average
10 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.67 0.40 1.00 0.33 0.68 1.00 0.56 0.70 Good
11 1.00 0.01 0.90 1.00 0.60 0.67 0.01 0.83 1.00 0.32 0.32 Poor
12A 1.00 0.01 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.67 0.01 0.83 1.00 0.33 0.33 Poor
12B 1.00 0.70 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.71 0.90 Excellent
12C 1.00 0.80 0.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.59 1.00 0.90 0.73 Good
12D 1.00 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.56 0.90 Excellent
12E 1.00 0.50 0.10 0.67 0.20 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.75 0.55 Excellent
13 1.00 0.01 0.90 1.00 0.80 0.67 0.01 0.83 1.00 0.32 0.32 Poor
14A 1.00 0.01 0.90 1.00 0.40 0.67 0.01 0.87 1.00 0.32 0.30 Poor
15 1.00 0.01 0.90 0.67 0.80 0.01 0.01 0.87 1.00 0.32 0.21 Poor
16A 1.00 0.80 0.50 0.67 0.60 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.61 0.79 Good
17 1.00 0.76 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.67 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.41 0.81 Excellent
18 1.00 0.53 0.90 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.67 0.90 0.33 0.36 0.66 Average
19 1.00 0.82 0.90 1.00 0.60 0.67 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.46 0.79 Good
20/21 1.00 0.76 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.67 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.71 0.82 Excellent
22A 1.00 0.95 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.67 0.67 1.00 0.33 0.71 0.79 Good
22B 1.00 0.20 0.10 0.67 0.30 0.67 0.67 0.90 1.00 0.32 0.47 Poor
23A 1.00 0.77 0.90 0.33 1.00 0.67 0.33 0.90 0.33 0.32 0.59 Below average
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 2-A PAGE 1
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Pond SI1 SI2 SI3 SI4 SI5 SI6 SI7 SI8 SI9 SI10 HSI Pond No. Score Suitability
23B 1.00 0.73 0.90 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.67 0.90 0.67 0.33 0.72 Good
24A 1.00 0.10 0.10 0.67 0.60 0.67 0.67 0.93 1.00 0.41 0.48 Poor
27 1.00 0.71 0.90 1.00 0.80 0.67 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.36 0.75 Good
28 1.00 0.73 0.90 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.41 0.72 Good
29A 1.00 0.47 0.90 0.67 0.40 0.67 0.64 0.90 1.00 0.32 0.66 Average
29f 1.00 n/a 0.90 1.00 0.75 0.01 0.33 0.75 1.00 0.60 0.46 Poor
30A 1.00 0.98 0.90 0.67 0.60 1.00 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.46 0.77 Good
31 1.00 0.35 0.50 0.67 0.20 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.67 0.31 0.59 Below average
34 1.00 0.87 0.90 0.67 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.74 0.67 0.51 0.33 Poor
34A 1.00 0.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.74 1.00 0.56 0.73 Good
34B 1.00 0.10 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.74 1.00 0.76 0.74 Good
35 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.01 0.74 0.33 0.36 0.45 Poor
38 1.00 0.05 0.90 0.67 0.80 0.67 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.58 Below average
41 1.00 0.01 0.90 1.00 0.80 0.01 0.01 0.68 1.00 0.32 0.21 Poor
43 1.00 0.01 0.90 0.67 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.68 1.00 0.32 0.20 Poor
44 1.00 0.01 0.90 1.00 0.60 0.67 0.01 0.68 1.00 0.36 0.31 Poor
44A 1.00 0.01 0.90 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.67 0.45 1.00 0.33 0.46 Poor
44B 1.00 0.01 0.90 0.33 1.00 0.67 0.67 0.45 1.00 0.31 0.42 Poor
69 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.33 0.30 1.00 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.31 0.65 Average
70 1.00 0.71 0.50 1.00 0.80 0.67 0.33 1.00 0.67 0.91 0.72 Good
95 1.00 0.30 0.50 0.33 0.40 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.66 0.62 Average
102 1.00 0.23 0.50 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.67 0.84 0.33 0.95 0.65 Average
103 1.00 0.45 0.90 0.67 0.90 0.67 0.33 1.00 0.67 0.36 0.65 Average
104 1.00 0.60 0.90 0.33 1.00 0.67 0.01 1.00 0.67 0.41 0.45 Poor
108 1.00 0.16 0.10 0.67 0.60 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.67 0.41 0.51 Below average
109 1.00 0.16 0.50 0.33 0.40 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.67 0.36 0.53 Below average
112 1.00 0.32 1.00 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.33 1.00 0.67 1.00 0.71 Good
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 2-A PAGE 2
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Pond SI1 SI2 SI3 SI4 SI5 SI6 SI7 SI8 SI9 SI10 HSI Pond No. Score Suitability
46 1.00 0.31 0.90 0.67 0.40 0.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.41 0.45 Poor
47 1.00 0.31 0.90 0.67 0.60 0.01 0.67 0.74 0.67 0.36 0.41 Poor
48 1.00 0.80 0.50 0.33 1.00 0.67 0.67 0.74 0.33 0.95 0.65 Average
55 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.67 0.01 0.84 1.00 0.36 0.53 Below average
57a 1.00 0.24 0.10 0.33 1.00 0.01 1.00 0.84 0.67 0.31 0.33 Poor
64 1.00 0.12 0.50 0.33 0.60 1.00 1.00 0.84 1.00 0.36 0.57 Below average
71 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.33 1.00 1.00 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.36 0.74 Good
72 1.00 0.04 0.50 0.01 0.30 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.33 0.31 0.30 Poor
73 1.00 0.99 0.90 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.01 0.59 0.67 0.41 0.50 Poor
74 1.00 0.03 0.90 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.01 0.59 0.67 0.41 0.35 Poor
84 1.00 0.24 1.00 0.67 0.70 1.00 0.67 0.84 1.00 0.31 0.67 Average
85 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.33 0.60 1.00 0.67 0.84 1.00 0.31 0.71 Good
86 1.00 0.16 0.50 0.67 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.74 0.67 0.31 0.62 Average
86a 1.00 0.01 0.90 0.67 0.30 0.67 0.67 0.59 1.00 0.33 0.42 Poor
97 1.00 0.10 0.90 0.33 1.00 0.67 0.67 0.79 0.67 0.31 0.54 Below average
98 1.00 0.06 0.10 0.33 0.20 1.00 1.00 0.79 1.00 0.31 0.40 Poor
98a 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.33 1.00 0.01 0.67 0.90 0.67 0.31 0.39 Poor
101 1.00 0.31 0.50 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.33 0.84 1.00 0.46 0.65 Average
105 1.00 0.24 0.90 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.01 1.00 0.67 0.46 0.44 Poor
106 1.00 0.30 0.90 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.01 1.00 0.67 0.41 0.45 Poor
107 1.00 0.13 1.00 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.67 0.84 1.00 0.36 0.67 Average
114 1.00 0.01 0.90 0.67 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.69 0.67 0.36 0.20 Poor
122 1.00 0.34 0.90 0.33 1.00 0.01 0.67 0.84 0.67 0.36 0.41 Poor
123 1.00 0.10 0.10 0.33 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.69 0.01 0.81 0.34 Poor
130 & 1.00 0.01 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.67 0.33 0.51 0.20 Poor 131
132 1.00 0.50 0.90 0.67 1.00 0.67 0.67 0.83 0.33 0.32 0.64 Average
P1_01 1.00 0.15 0.50 0.67 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.59 1.00 1.00 0.70 Good a
P1_01 1.00 0.06 0.10 0.67 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.59 1.00 0.90 0.54 Below b average
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APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 2-A PAGE 3
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Pond SI1 SI2 SI3 SI4 SI5 SI6 SI7 SI8 SI9 SI10 HSI Pond No. Score Suitability
P1_02 1.00 0.08 1.00 0.67 0.80 1.00 0.67 0.83 1.00 0.91 0.68 Average
P1_07 1.00 0.30 0.50 0.67 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.59 0.67 0.41 0.66 Average
P1_11 1.00 0.07 0.50 0.67 1.00 0.11 1.00 0.74 0.67 0.91 0.63 Average a
P1_11 1.00 0.01 0.50 0.67 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.74 0.67 0.51 0.47 Poor b
P1_11 1.00 0.03 0.50 0.67 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.74 0.67 0.91 0.57 Average c
P1_11 1.00 0.12 0.50 0.67 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.74 0.67 0.91 0.67 Average d
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APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 2-A PAGE 4
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Annex 2-B Ponds Not Surveyed
Pond Number Description
1A Pond dry, dominated by Japanese Knotweed 3A Pond no longer present 3B Unsafe to access – deep silt 5 Unable to contact landowner 6A 6b No communication with landowner regarding access 6c 12c Unsafe to access 12d Unsafe to access 14 Unable to contact landowner 16A Unable to contact landowner regarding access for Presence/Absence surveys 16B Access could not be sought from Thames Water within survey time frame 24B Pond no longer present 24C Unable to contact landowner 25A Unable to contact landowner 25B Pond no longer present 26 A large reservoir 27 Access denied 28 Access for Presence Absence initially given but then withdrawn after one survey. 29B 29C Detailed information requested by landowner which could not be 29D finalised within the survey time frame 29E 30B Unable to contact landowner 32 A swimming pool, pond no longer present 33 Pond no longer present 34A Access was granted but not in time to undertake the great crested newt surveys 34B Access was granted but not in time to undertake the great crested newt surveys 36 Jubilee River 37 Jubilee River 39A Jubilee River
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Pond Number Description
39B Unable to contact landowner 40 Unable to contact landowner 42 No open water visible through reeds and reed mace. Pond may be dry 45 Unable to contact landowner 46 Previously surveyed as part of junctions 8/9 to 12 – results incorporated into this report 47 Previously surveyed as part of junctions 8/9 to 12 – results incorporated into this report 48 Unable to contact landowner regarding access for Presence/Absence surveys 49 Could not gain access due to thick scrub 51 Unable to contact landowner 53 No reply 54 Pond appears to be within the boundary of a private garden 55 Unable to contact landowner 55a Unable to contact landowner 56 Unable to contact landowner 57 Pond dry at the time of survey 62 Unable to contact landowner 64 No communication with landowner regarding access for Presence/Absence surveys 65 Unable to contact landowner 66 Owner unavailable until after survey period 67 Access refused 68 Access refused – great crested newts recorded previously (Ref 9-46) 71 Unable to contact landowner regarding access for Presence/Absence surveys 75 Unable to contact landowner 76 Land recently sold, no contact details 80 Access refused 83 Pond dry at the time of survey 84 Unable to contact landowner regarding access for Presence/Absence surveys 85 Unable to contact landowner regarding access for Presence/Absence surveys 89 Access refused 90 Access refused – great crested newts recorded (Ref 9-46) 91 Being surveyed for great crested newts 93 Pond dry at the time of survey 94 Pond dry at the time of survey 96 Access refused – great crested newts recorded (Ref 9-46)
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APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 2-B PAGE 2
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Pond Number Description
97 Unable to contact landowner regarding access for Presence/Absence surveys 101 Unable to contact landowner regarding access for Presence/Absence surveys 107 Unable to contact landowner regarding access for Presence/Absence surveys 107b Unable to contact landowner for HSI survey 110 Access refused – great crested newts recorded (Ref 9-46) 111 Access refused 113 Large lake. Unsuitable for great crested newts. 115 Large treated lake, stocked with fish and used for water sport. Unsuitable for great crested newts. 116 Very large fishing lake. Unsuitable for great crested newts. 117 Very large sports and sailing lake with fish. Unsuitable for great crested newts. 119 Dried up pond at the time of survey 120 Large lake. Unsuitable for great crested newts. 121 Pond dry at the time of survey 128 Large fishing lake, unsuitable for great crested newts 132 Unable to contact landowner regarding access for Presence/Absence surveys
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APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 2-B PAGE 3
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Annex 3 Reptile Survey Records
Peak Count of Site survey No. of Species found individuals in one number refugia visit
1 15 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 2 26 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 3 10 Slow worm 2 4 15 Slow worm 3 5 15 Slow worm 3 6 15 Slow worm 3 7 15 Slow worm 3 8 9 Slow worm 1 9 15 Slow worm 3 10 15 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 11 15 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 12 15 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 13 15 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 14 15 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 15 15 Grass snake 2 16 15 Grass snake 1 17 14 Slow worm 1 18 12 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 19 15 Grass snake 1 Slow worm 2 20 15 Grass snake 2 21 15 Slow worm 10 22 15 Slow worm 12 Grass snake 1 23 15 Slow worm 10 24 15 Slow worm 3 25 15 Slow worm 3 26 15 Slow worm 4 27 15 Slow worm 2 Grass snake 1 28 15 Slow worm 1 29 30 Slow worm 5 30 20 Slow worm 1
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 3 PAGE 1
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Peak Count of Site survey No. of Species found individuals in one number refugia visit
31 15 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 32 15 Slow worm 2 33 15 Slow worm 2 34 5 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 35 10 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 36 20 Grass snake 2 33 15 Slow worm 2 34 5 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 35 10 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 36 20 Grass snake 2 37 10 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 38 15 Grass snake 3 39 5 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 40 10 Grass snake 2 41 15 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 42 15 Grass snake 1 43 15 Slow worm 1 44 10 Slow worm 4 45 20 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 46 20 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 47 10 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 48 10 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0 49 10 No reptiles were recorded over 7 visits 0
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APPENDIX MARCH 2015
APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 3 PAGE 2
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Annex 4-A Bat Structures Survey Results
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Junction 3 10+850 No potential for roosting bats. No further action. overbridge and A312 Gaps in concrete by support underpass pillars are not water tight, and there is lighting in the underpass
Four underpasses with the same construction, no bat roosting opportunities. River Crene 11+000 Low potential for roosting bats. No further action.
Water level prevented surveys. Gaps in the structure were well sealed and no evidence of bats was seen. St Dunstan’s 11+200 No bat roost potential. No further action. subway Low suitability for bats due to risk of predation from ground predators. Gap seen at south side of the subway at the top of the kerb, no other crevices were seen. Fuller Way 11+700 No potential for roosting bats. No further action. subway Pedestrian subway was lit and had tiled walls. High Street 12+150 Low potential for roosting bats. No further action. A437 overbridge M4 and the bridge are lit. Gaps (Harlington between the pre-fabricated Bridge) concrete sections could allow for roosting bats, but there is no evidence to confirm this. St Peters 12+500 No potential for roosting bats. No further action. subway No features suitable for roosting bats. The subway is concrete pre- fabricated, tiled and lit. Junction 4 13+800 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. overbridge & M4 underpass Unlikely to be used by roosting east bats because of noise, vibration and illumination of the underpass. The pre-fabricated concrete has gaps between sections, but there is no evidence for use by bats.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Junction 4 13+950 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. overbridge & M4 underpass Unlikely to be used by roosting west bats because of noise, vibration and illumination of the underpass. The pre-fabricated concrete has gaps between sections, but there is no evidence for use by bats. Holloway Lane 14+100 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. underpass The underpass is lit and there is a lot of noise and vibration from traffic. There are gaps in the pre- fabricated concrete, but there were no signs of bats.
Sipson Road 14+250 Negligible roost potential. No further actions. subway
Harmondsworth 14+950 Not surveyed. No further actions Road (North) overbridge Will require traffic management to survey, no invasive work proposed.
Harmondsworth 14+950 Not surveyed. No further actions Road (South) overbridge Will require traffic management to survey, no invasive work proposed.
Saxon 15+450 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions (Unnamed) Footbridge No suitable features for roosts, (North) noise from the traffic and illumination make it unsuitable.
River Colne 16+000 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. underbridge Crevices on underside of the slip roads have some potential.
Wraybury River 16+100 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. underbridge Crevices on underside of the structure.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Bigley Ditch 16+450 Not surveyed. No further actions. culvert Will require traffic management to survey, no invasive work proposed.
Junction 4b 16+750 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. M25 Overpass M25, M4 and associated slip roads are lit. There are gaps between the two carriageways and in the pre-fabricated concrete, however no signs of roosting bats were seen.
M4 EB exit slip 16+800 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. to M25 Clockwise Lots of noise and vibration from overbridge traffic, and illuminated by M4 lighting columns. Gaps between pre-fabricated concrete but no signs of bats M4 WB exit slip 16+800 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. to M25 Clockwise Lots of noise and vibration from overbridge traffic, and illuminated by M4 lighting columns. Gaps between pre-fabricated concrete but no signs of bats M25 Anti- 16+800 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. clockwise exit slip to M4 WB There are gaps in the pre- underpass fabricated concrete but the gaps are very exposed and there are no signs of bats. Noise and vibration from traffic, and light from M4 lighting columns make it unsuitable for bats.
M25 Clockwise 16+800 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. exit slip to M4 EB underpass There are a few gaps in the pre- fabricated concrete structure, noise and vibration from traffic and light from the slip road make it unsuitable for bats.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Colne Brook 17+100 Not surveyed. No further actions. underbridge No access. Assume bat roost is present due to FPCR surveys (Ref 9-56). However as no intrusive works are planned, there will be no significant effects on bats.
Old Slade Lane 17+550 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. overbridge No cavities suitable for bats in the structure.
Colne Brook 18+100 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. culvert
Sutton Lane 19+450 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. overbridge Unlikely to support roosting bats. Structure is lit at night.
Langley 20+100 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. interchange underbridge Structure is well lit at night, better east roosting opportunities located nearby.
Langley 20+100 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. Roundabout subway There is a single crevice in the bridge however it is fully lit 24 hours a day.
Langley 20+250 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. interchange underbridge Structure is well lit at night, better west roosting opportunities located nearby.
Ditton Road 20+600 Very low potential for roosting No further actions. subway bats.
No evidence of bats found.
Gas Main 21+200 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. subway Not open.
Hams Farm 21+200 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. Footbridge No evidence of bats found.
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APPENDIX MARCH 2015
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Ashleys Arch 21+550 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions.
Roosting opportunities in housing and woodland on either side of the Scheme, the works will not effect on any commuting routes. The site is illuminated at night.
Riding Court 22+500 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. Road overbridge Evidence of water staining and no gaps seen in the face of the overbridge.
Water main 23+650 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. subway
Recreation 23+900 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. Ground overbridge No substantial crevices on the underside of the structure and the structure is illuminated at night.
Datchet Road 24+250 Low potential for roosting bats. Emergence survey carried out. No overbridge roosts present.
No further actions.
Water and gas 24+300 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. main subway Not open.
Culvert 24+750 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. (Winvale) Pipe culvert was less than 1m in diameter.
Unnamed Drain 24+900 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions.
Slough Road 25+000 to Very low potential for roosting No further actions. (Prince of 24+900 bats. Wales) underbridge There were gaps in the pre- fabricated concrete structure but no signs of bats. Underside of the structure is lit, and there is noise and vibration from traffic.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Windsor Branch 25+550 Low potential for roosting bats. Emergence survey confirmed Railway absence. Structure is being widened underbridge Arch made of pre-fabricated asymmetrically to the south, with concrete with gaps between widening on all four abutments. sections, low likelihood of use by bats. No further actions.
Junction 6 25+700 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. culvert east Junction 6 A355 26+100 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. Slough/Windsor underpass east Gaps in suspension joins but no evidence of bat. Noise and vibration caused by traffic make it unsuitable for bats.
Junction 6 A355 26+150 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. Slough/Windsor underpass west Gaps in suspension joins but no evidence of bat. Noise and vibration caused by traffic make it unsuitable for bats.
Junction 6 26+250 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. culvert west No access to culvert on east side, concrete culver less than 1m in diameter, very unsuitable for roosting bats.
Chalvey culvert 26+850 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions.
Unable to access culvert. Culvert only 1ft above water level on eastbound side, if prone to flooding the culvert is unsuitable for use by roosting bats.
Wood Lane 27+300 Very low potential for roosting No further actions. overbridge bats.
Evidence of water staining on the underside of the structure. Some gaps on the underside of the structure but not deep enough to provide shelter.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Oldway Lane 28+400 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. overbridge Underside of structure is made of pre-fabricated concrete with some gaps, but the gaps are too shallow for day roosting. There was a bit of water staining.
Junction 7 28+900 Not surveyed. Inspection prior to commencement of culvert east works recommended, if invasive No access. works to take place.
Huntercombe 28+950 Very low potential for roosting No further actions. Spur overbridge bats.
Pre-fabricated concrete had gaps between sections. Overbridge is well lit at night; there is a lot of noise and vibration from traffic.
Lake End Road 29+500 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. overbridge No obvious gaps on the north or south face of the structure. A few crevices but all too shallow for day roosting. Lots of water staining indicates the structure is not dry a lot of the time.
Roundmoor 29+950 Not surveyed. Inspection prior to commencement of culvert works recommended, if invasive No access. works undertaken.
Thames Flood 30+300 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. Channel Jubilee Few suitable features for use by bats, evidence of water damage.
Lots Hole 30+350 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. culvert Marsh Lane 30+700 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. overbridge No evidence of bats. Some gaps between pre-fabricated concrete, very wet structure with lots of water staining.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Thames Bray 31+200 to No Potential for roosting bats in Emergence survey confirmed 31+300 structure however high potential absence of roosting bats however foraging area. high levels of foraging and commuting activity.
Monkey Island 31+650 No potential for roosting bats. No further actions. Lane overbridge Some crevices, but evidence of water staining. Gaps in pre- fabricated concrete but there was no evidence of use by bats.
The Cut 32+100 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions.
Pre-fabricated concrete with some gaps but no access to underside of the bridge was possible to check for evidence of bats.
Flood culvert 32+150 No potential for roosting bats. No invasive works proposed in this NO.3 area. Quarry conveyor belt running through the culvert. Inspection not No further actions. possible because it is fenced off.
Flood culvert 32+250 Low potential for roosting bats. No invasive works proposed in this NO. 2 area. Restricted access. Dense bramble blocked access to No further actions. culvert, no evidence of bats seen.
Flood culvert 32+300 Low potential for roosting bats. No invasive works proposed in this NO.1 area. Entrance is overgrown by scrub and brambles, culvert appears full No further actions. of rubble, no evidence of bats seen.
Windsor Road 32+700 Low potential for roosting bats. No further actions. underbridge Underside of structure is lit, some large holes and crevices but no evidence of bats. Lots of residential housing nearby will provide alternative shelter.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Ascot Road 33+300 Very low potential for roosting No further actions. overbridge bats.
Some gaps deep enough for use by bats, water staining around crevices suggests they get very wet, poor suitability for bats.
The Bourne 33+800 Low potential for roosting bats. No invasive works proposed in this culvert area. Pre-fabricated sections make up the culvert. Survey not possible No further actions. due to depth of water.
Junction 8/9 34+050 Not surveyed. No further actions. Holyport Interchange Needs traffic management and there will be no intrusive works.
Junction 8/9 34+150 Not surveyed. No further actions. Holyport Interchange Needs traffic management and there will be no intrusive works.
Stud Green 35+150 Suitable roost features and The feature is a suitable candidate Access adjacent connective habitat good for enhancement opportunities, for overbridge for foraging example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Stud Green 35+550 Suitable cavities and optimum The feature is a suitable candidate culvert foraging areas. for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Paley Street 36+600 Suitable cavities and optimum The feature is a suitable candidate Farm foraging areas. for enhancement opportunities, for overbridge example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Littlefield Green 37+450 Suitable cavities and optimum The feature is a suitable candidate underbridge foraging areas. for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Littlefield Green 37+600 Suitable cavities and optimum The feature is a suitable candidate overbridge foraging areas. for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Drain 38+150 Suitable cavities and optimum The feature is a suitable candidate foraging areas. for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Beenhams 39+000 Suitable cavities and optimum The feature is a suitable candidate Heath foraging areas. for enhancement opportunities, for overbridge example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Hammonds 41+150 Features suitable for roosting bats The feature is a suitable candidate Wood and suspected droppings found for enhancement opportunities, for overbridge example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Billingbear 41+700 Unlit section, close proximity to Works within 50m of this feature Farm woodland forage corridors, cracks should be undertaken subject to the overbridge and cavities in feature providing control of a method statement which opportunities for bats. should seek to protect the roost from significant levels of noise vibration, dust and light. Should more intrusive works be required at this location then consideration for a European Protected Species (EPS) licence may be applicable. The feature is a suitable candidate for enhancement opportunities the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Billingbear 43+000 Evidence of use by bats The Scheme design should seek to Brook culvert droppings, staining etc. avoid obstruction or damage to the roost feature, particularly during the active bat season (May to September Inclusive) by maintaining the existing structure and climate of the culvert. Should damage or destruction to the feature be unavoidable an alternative roost feature will need to be created under the application of an EPS development licence. Disturbance to the roost from construction activities causing increased levels of lighting, noise and vibration above the existing threshold of the motorway will also need to be managed subject to the conditions of an EPS licence.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
The Straight 43+200 Evidence of use by bats Works within 50m of this feature Mile overbridge droppings, staining etc. should be undertaken subject to the control of a method statement which should seek to protect the roost from significant levels of noise vibration, dust and light. Should more intrusive works be required at this location then consideration for a European Protected Species (“EPS”) licence may be applicable. The feature is a suitable candidate for enhancement opportunities the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Drain 43+150 Suitable cavities and optimum The feature is a suitable candidate foraging areas. for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Bill Hill 44+900 No evidence of bats noted, The feature is a suitable candidate overbridge however features supporting for enhancement opportunities, for potential habitat present example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Junction 10 46+150 Suitable cavities and optimum The feature is a suitable candidate Interchange foraging areas. for enhancement opportunities, for overbridges example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Emmbrook 46+400 Suitable cavities and optimum The feature is a suitable candidate culvert foraging areas. for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Southern 47+150 Features suitable for roosting bats The feature is a suitable candidate Region and good forage corridor for enhancement opportunities, for Winnersh adjacent. example through the introduction of underbridge more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Reading Road 47+350 Features suitable for roosting bats The feature is a suitable candidate underbridge for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Kings Street 48+250 Features suitable for roosting bats The feature is a suitable candidate Lane for enhancement opportunities, for underbridge example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Mill Lane 49+050 Features suitable for roosting bats The feature is a suitable candidate underbridge for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Betty Grove 49+600 Features suitable for roosting bats The feature is a suitable candidate Flood culvert for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Barkham brook 50+100 Features suitable for the presence The feature is a suitable candidate culvert of bats for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
River Loddon 50+450 Evidence of use by bats The Scheme design should seek to underbridge droppings, staining etc. avoid obstruction or damage to the roost feature, particularly during the active bat season (May to September Inclusive) by maintaining the existing structure and climate of the culvert. Should damage or destruction to the feature be unavoidable an alternative roost feature will need to be created under the application of an EPS development licence. Disturbance to the roost from construction activities causing increased levels of lighting, noise and vibration above the existing threshold of the motorway will also need to be managed subject to the conditions of an EPS licence.
Cutbush Lane 51+800 Some cracks and gaps suitable The feature is a suitable candidate overbridge for bat use good forage for enhancement opportunities, for connectivity to adjacent example through the introduction of woodland. more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Shinfield Road 53+200 to Cracks, crevices and cavities The feature is a suitable candidate overbridge 53+250 providing roosting opportunities for enhancement opportunities, for for bats example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Shinfield 53+850 Cracks, crevices and cavities The feature is a suitable candidate Footbridge providing roosting opportunities for enhancement opportunities, for for bats example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Junction 11 54+800 to Some cracks and gaps suitable The feature is a suitable candidate Three Mile 54+900 for bat use and excellent forage for enhancement opportunities, for Cross and riparian corridor. example through the introduction of Interchange more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Drain 56+050 Some cracks and gaps suitable The feature is a suitable candidate for bat use and excellent forage for enhancement opportunities, for and riparian corridor. example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Foundry Brook 56+500 to Evidence of use by bats Works within 50m of this feature culvert 56+550 droppings, staining etc. should be undertaken subject to the control of a method statement which should seek to protect the roost from significant levels of noise vibration, dust and light. Should more intrusive works be required at this location then consideration for a European Protected Species (“EPS”) licence may be applicable. The feature is a suitable candidate for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Poundgreen 56+700 Some cracks and gaps suitable The feature is a suitable candidate Road for bat use good forage for enhancement opportunities, for overbridge connectivity to adjacent example through the introduction of woodland. more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Mortimer Line 57+150 Some cracks and gaps suitable The feature is a suitable candidate Railway for bat use and excellent forage for enhancement opportunities, for underbridge and riparian corridor. example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Burghfield Road 59+200 Some suitable cavities evident. The feature is a suitable candidate overbridge for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Clayhill Brook 59+800 to Some cracks and gaps suitable The feature is a suitable candidate culvert 59+750 for bat use and excellent forage for enhancement opportunities, for and riparian corridor. example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Wellmans Farm 61+050 Some cracks and gaps suitable The feature is a suitable candidate Access for bat use and excellent forage for enhancement opportunities, for and riparian corridor. example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
River Kennet 61+150 Although there are not many The feature is a suitable candidate underbridge features visible for bat use within for enhancement opportunities, for the structure the adjacent riparian example through the introduction of corridors provide good forage and more sensitive directional lighting, to connective habitat. minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Holybrook 61+250 Evidence of use by bats The Scheme design should seek to underbridge droppings, staining etc. avoid obstruction or damage to the roost feature, particularly during the active bat season (May to September Inclusive) by maintaining the existing structure and climate of the culvert. Should damage or destruction to the feature be unavoidable an alternative roost feature will need to be created under the application of an EPS development licence. Disturbance to the roost from construction activities causing increased levels of lighting, noise and vibration above the existing threshold of the motorway will also need to be managed subject to the conditions of an EPS licence.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Structure Chainage Results of Preliminary Bat Recommendations for Further name Survey Survey
Western Region 61+400 Cracks and cavities potentially The feature is a suitable candidate Theale suitable for bat roosts for enhancement opportunities, for underbridge example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
Beansheaf 61+700 Evidence of use by bats Bat Roost Present Farm culvert droppings, staining etc. Soprano/Common Pipistrelle Maternity Roost
Pincents Lane 62+350 Cracks and cavities potentially Emergence Survey Results: Footbridge suitable for bat roosts. Emergence survey not undertaken as direct effect to feature not anticipated. (No works proposed to bridge deck and feature already subject to disturbance from existing M4 lighting.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Annex 4-B Bats: Tree Survey Results
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection
61+250 A Group of Ivy-clad crack Willows Tree situated at a significant distance from within the Order limits next to vegetation clearance, gantry or widening the railway boundary with bat works to not be subject to a significant effect potential (Ivy, fissures, peeling from the proposed works. As such no further bark and dead branches). surveys undertaken.
59+900 A Oak close to proposed gantry Climbed Inspection 14.10.13. Suitable G9 features but no signs of use by bats. Recommend re-inspection by ladder with fibrescope prior to felling to confirm continued absence of bats.
58+150 A Ash tree in a hedge with bat Tree situated at a significant distance from potential (ivy, dead branches, vegetation clearance, gantry or widening cracks). Just outside the Order works to not be subject to a significant effect limits, next to improved from the proposed works. As such no further grassland. surveys undertaken.
56+550 A Mature Oaks with bat potential – Tree situated at a significant distance from holes, dead branches and vegetation clearance, gantry or widening fissures, in a field adjacent to works to not be subject to a significant effect the Scheme. Improved from the proposed works. As such no further grassland flanked by hedges on surveys undertaken. two sides.
56+150 A Bat roost potential in two poplars Single tree with four stems. Two stems are adjacent to the Order limits hollow from base with cavities at ground level fence. Large holes close to the –not suitable as access very close to ground ground. level (high predation potential). One of these stems is snapped off at 3m – there is access at top and also at 0.5m above ground level, but no evidence of use and very low potential. The third stem has a snapped-off limb – lateral split, but not suitable. Fourth stem has no features suitable for use by bats. No need for re-survey prior to felling due to very low potential for use by bats.
55+750 Two mature Oaks with bat Tree situated at a significant distance from potential in a line of trees vegetation clearance, gantry or widening flanked by improved grassland. works to not be subject to a significant effect On the edge of a mature broad- from the proposed works. As such no further leaved plantation - potential surveys undertaken. badger habitat with mammal runs present. A lot of holes – probably a rabbit warren.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection
53+600 A Mature conifers adjacent to the Tree situated at a significant distance from Scheme in a private garden. Bat vegetation clearance, gantry or widening potential – cracks, hazard works to not be subject to a significant effect beams and Ivy. from the proposed works. As such no further surveys undertaken.
52+400 A Two mature Oaks adjacent to Tree situated at a significant distance from the Order limits. Bat potential – vegetation clearance, gantry or widening peeling bark, fissures, dead works to not be subject to a significant effect branches. Second Oak grows in from the proposed works. As such no further an old double hedgerow. Next to surveys undertaken. an arable field and species-poor semi-improved grassland.
51+750 A Two mature Poplars with bat Surveyed on 15.10.13 potential within the Order limits – Dense immature Ivy not suitable for roosting double-headers with Ivy cover bats, fissures very shallow, no roosting and fissures, DBH 1m. Derelict potential. No constraint to felling barn and house immediately adjacent to the Scheme have bat and barn owl potential.
51+250 B Semi-mature plantation with Surveyed on 14.10.13 Oak, Ash, Field Maple and Tree(s) ruled out – not suitable. Ivy present Willow. Mammal runs present. is dense immature Ivy without thick mature Dormouse potential stems, and does not provide roost (Honeysuckle, Oak, Bramble opportunities and Hazel with good connectivity). Ivy-clad mature Oaks with bat potential near 51+350 marker.
50+750 A; Mature Oaks and Ash trees with Climbed inspection of one of the oaks within 51+100 A; bat roost potential at the ends of the direct zone of effect undertaken on the 51+250 A; four old, defunct hedgerows, 25/10/13. 51+350 A falling within or immediately No evidence of bats noted during inspection, adjacent to the Order limits. however potentially suitable roosting features Frost cracks, knot holes, dead are present. Therefore recommended that branches, fissures and peeling should felling of this feature be required that bark are present in the majority. a further inspection be undertaken prior to felling.
50+950 B Tree Stump Surveyed on 14.10.13 Tree suitable, but unable to survey comprehensively by endoscope. Recommend emergence survey prior to felling to confirm absence [note seasonal constraint to follow-up survey is May- Sep/Oct]
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection
49+250 Dead Oak in an improved field Tree situated at a significant distance from with bat roost potential, about vegetation clearance, gantry or widening 50m from the Order limits. A works, to not be subject to a significant effect large mature Oak, also with bat from the proposed works. As such no further potential, lies further to the west surveys undertaken. in the same field.
48+950 B A house identified as having bat Hedgerow situated at a significant distance roost potential in 2009, but no from vegetation clearance, gantry or obvious entrance holes or widening works to not be subject to a hanging tiles and floodlights are significant effect from the proposed works. present by the roof apex. As such no further surveys undertaken. However, the hedgerow next to the house has a number of mature trees with good bat potential
47+550 A A dead veteran Oak with bat Tree situated at a significant distance from roost potential situated south of vegetation clearance, gantry or widening the Scheme. Mammal runs works to not be subject to a significant effect present in the vicinity. from the proposed works. As such no further surveys undertaken.
46+950 A Willow Roost feature droppings found, suspected to be noctule. Should be retained. The Scheme design should seek to avoid obstruction or damage to the roost feature, particularly during the active bat season (May to September Inclusive) by maintaining the existing structure and climate of the culvert. Should damage or destruction to the feature be unavoidable an alternative roost feature will need to be created under the application of an EPS development licence. Disturbance to the roost from construction activities causing increased levels of lighting, noise and vibration above the existing threshold of the motorway will also need to be managed subject to the conditions of an EPS licence. The feature is also suitable candidate for enhancement opportunities, for example through the introduction of more sensitive directional lighting, to minimise existing light disturbance to the structure and the installation of bat boxes to provide additional optimal roosting features.
46+800 A Semi-natural woodland Tree situated at a significant distance from extending onto the Scheme, with vegetation clearance, gantry or widening a canopy of ash, oak and silver works to not be subject to a significant effect birch over a shrub layer of holly from the proposed works. As such no further and hazel. Some trees are surveys undertaken. covered in ivy.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection
46+450 A An Ivy-covered Oak with bat Surveyed on 15.10.2013 potential on the edge of the Dense immature Ivy with no bat roosting Order limits and linked to a potential. No constraints to felling defunct hedgerow with trees.
Junction Three mature Oaks with Surveyed on 25.10.13. 10, 46+450 numerous cracks and rot holes No likely roost features, so no constraints for B and two mature Ash covered in works at this location, with respect to bats. dense Ivy. The surrounding ground layer is dominated by Nettle and Himalayan Balsam.
Junction Large mature Oak with Surveyed on 15.10.2013 10 45+950 abundant cracks and rot holes Original TN identifies oak with abundant within plantation woodland close cracks and rot holes. One semi- mature oak to the end of slip road from the identified at indicated location totally A329(M). obscured by dense immature ivy foliage. Ivy does not provide suitable roost features, and no other features identified. Second Oak tree has small number of splits and knot holes. All potential roost features inspected with torch and fibrescope, and ruled out as very low potential or unsuitable as all blind ending and shallow. No constraints to felling.
45+350 B Mature London Plane tree, Surveyed on 24.10.13. No likely roost partially section-felled, with an features, so no constraints for works at this abundance of rot holes and location, with respect to bats. cracks, within young plantation woodland within the Order limits.
44+950 B Large Oak just outside the Order Tree situated at a significant distance from limits with high bat potential. The vegetation clearance, gantry or widening adjacent habitat consists of works to not be subject to a significant effect immature broad-leaved from the proposed works. As such no further plantation over poor semi- surveys undertaken. improved grassland. This was also considered suitable habitat for reptiles.
44+650 A Adjacent to Bill Hill Bridge. New Surveyed on 15.10.2013 gantry Location. Tree not suitable no need for further survey. Two large primary limbs (500mm diameter) recently fallen onto Highways fence. All branch stubs upward facing and do not extend into cavities with any roost potential. All knot holes are solid (no access to cavities)
44+650 B A mature Ash and Oak Tree situated at a significant distance from immediately adjacent to the vegetation clearance, gantry or widening Order limits close to the end of a works to not be subject to a significant effect hedgerow. from the proposed works. As such no further surveys undertaken.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection
44+350 B A shallow pond 30m from the Tree situated at a significant distance from Order limits; about 10m x 15m. vegetation clearance, gantry or widening Very little emergent vegetation, works to not be subject to a significant effect except for some floating sweet from the proposed works. As such no further grass. A species-poor area of surveys undertaken. marshy grassland is present between the pond and the Order limits, dominated by Tufted Hair- grass. To the south-west is a veteran oak tree with bat potential, situated a few metres from the Order limits.
44+350 B A mature Oak located adjacent Tree situated at a significant distance from to the eastbound Order limits vegetation clearance, gantry or widening with features suitable for use by works to not be subject to a significant effect roosting bats. from the proposed works. As such no further surveys undertaken
42+900 A Semi-natural woodland called Tree situated at a significant distance from Birch Plantation, with a canopy vegetation clearance, gantry or widening dominated by Oak and Ash over works to not be subject to a significant effect a well-developed shrub layer of from the proposed works. As such no further Hazel and Hawthorn. The surveys undertaken. ground layer is grassy with frequent Bluebell. Some old Oaks are present with rot holes. A band of aspen plantation lies immediately adjacent to the Order limits. The habitat within the Order limits is dominated by Blackthorn and Bramble scrub with scattered immature trees.
40 +750 to Hammond’s Wood. A broad- Trees inspected by climber on 15.10.13. 41+050 A leaved, semi-natural woodland Inspection revealed small amount of dead and B bisected by the motorway. wood, but bark fully occluded and blind Dominant species include Oak ending knotholes only. One oak at chainage with frequent Silver Birch and an 41+050 has a split on its western limb, but understorey of Hazel, the latter very low potential for use by bats. Split particularly dense on the approximately 50mm wide but tapering in to westbound side. One large Oak depth of 80mm only, shallow and no with bat roost potential is also evidence of use by bats. Split does not present on the westbound side extend into any deeper cavity. No further immediately adjacent to the survey required. Order limits. The ground layer is often sparse with locally dominant Bramble and Bluebell and frequent Honeysuckle. The adjoining area consists of dense scrub and broad-leaved plantation.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection
38+050 A Broad-leaved semi-natural Tree situated at a significant distance from and B woodland (Great Wood). The vegetation clearance, gantry or widening canopy is dominated by works to not be subject to a significant effect pedunculate Oak and Sweet from the proposed works. As such no further Chestnut with occasional Silver surveys undertaken. Birch. The understorey is Hazel and Hawthorn with a dense ground flora of Bracken. Immature semi-natural woodland also extends onto the Scheme in a mosaic with tall herb and poor semi-improved grassland.
38+550 B Mature Oak with bat potential on Tree situated at a significant distance from an embankment/bund vegetation clearance, gantry or widening dominated by Hawthorn. Two works to not be subject to a significant effect more Oaks are located in a line from the proposed works. As such no further extending into the adjacent field, surveys undertaken. probably marking an old field boundary.
36+550 A A crack willow within the Order Survey: 14.10.2013 Suitable but no signs of limits with bat roost potential, bat use. Area of loose bark along fissure amongst a small band of semi- extending from 0.5m to 2.5m on east side of natural woodland, consisting of stem. Ash, Oak and Willow over Survey: 15.10.2103 Flaking bark checked bramble. and removed. Tree left unsuitable no constraint to felling
34+650 to Broad-leaved semi-natural Inspected 15.10.13 by climber, one small oak 35+150 B woodland (Little Thrift Wood) adjacent to Highways Fence at chainage dominated by Ash and Oak with 34+400 is suitable and requires re-inspection occasional Birch and an by ladder prior to felling. All other trees ruled understorey of Hazel and Field out. Any potential roost features including Maple. Bracken is locally splits, fissures, dead wood, loose bark and abundant in the field layer, potential cavities were inspected with torch together with Bluebell and and fibrescope from short ladder where Yellow Archangel. required. All potential features ruled out as not suitable due to splits or fissures being too small or blind ending. All bark around dead wood fully occluded.
34+850 to A number of mature Oaks with Tree situated at a significant distance from 35+050 B bat potential are present vegetation clearance, gantry or widening immediately adjacent to the works to not be subject to a significant effect Order limits. The woodland from the proposed works. As such no further within the Order limits is surveys undertaken. dominated by Birch, Ash, Hazel and Hawthorn.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection
34+850 A A row of about 10 semi-mature Tree situated at a significant distance from ash immediately adjacent to the vegetation clearance, gantry or widening Order limits, a number with works to not be subject to a significant effect small dead limbs and cracks. from the proposed works. As such no further surveys undertaken.
34+650 A Species-rich overgrown hedge Inspected 15.10.13 by climber, one small oak with Field Maple, Hawthorn, adjacent to Highways Fence at 34+400 Blackthorn, Hazel and Oak suitable and requires re-inspection by ladder standards with bat roost prior to felling. All other trees ruled out. Any potential. potential roost features including splits, fissures, dead wood, loose bark and potential cavities were inspected with torch and fibrescope from short ladder where required. All potential features ruled out as not suitable due to splits or fissures being too small or blind ending. All bark around dead wood fully occluded.
34+250 to 3 mature Oaks and one dead Inspected 15.10.13 by climber, one small oak 34+450 A tree within broad-leaved adjacent to Highways Fence at chainage (junction plantation within the Order limits. 34+400 suitable and requires re-inspection 8/9) Peeling bark and dead limbs are by ladder prior to felling. All other trees ruled visible. Plantation woodland out. Any potential roost features including consists of Ash, Cherry and Oak splits, fissures, dead wood, loose bark and over Blackthorn, Bramble, potential cavities were inspected with torch Nettle, False Oat-grass and and fibrescope from short ladder where Greater Stitchwort. required. All potential features ruled out as not suitable due to splits or fissures being too small or blind ending. All bark around dead wood fully occluded.
34+400 B Mature Oak with dense Ivy See above results for TN70. cover on the edge of the Order limits, at the western end of an area of dense plantation woodland, consisting of Oak, Field Maple, Hawthorn, Birch, Sycamore and Ash.
33+850 to Area of trees and scrub, with some 2a – Mature willow. Small number of knot 33+750 A trees that could potentially support holes, but all blind at 40-50mm depth. No bats. features containing potentially suitable roost sites on limbs overhanging Highways Agency Adjacent to road widening fence. Re-inspect ahead of works.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection
33+600 A Mature woodland with a number 1a – Semi Mature oak, woodpecker hole at of trees that could potentially 1m high, is facing the carriageway. In support bats addition the tree has limited flaky bark. Immediately adjacent to road Inspected with a fiberscope, no evidence of widening bats but extent of cavity could not be reached. Emergence survey using night vision camera is recommended. 1B – Small cherry spp. two open cavities, one potentially suitable for bat, but no evidence of use. 32+450 B Mature trees that may or may not Category 1 Elm with frost crack, adjacent to have bat roost potential Highways Agency fence. Will recommend that this is checked with an endoscope by a licenced Adjacent to and possibly within the bat worker if an effect to these trees cannot be scope of proposed layby avoided.
Several other Category 2 and 3 trees nearby. If works to Cat 2 trees can’t be avoided then they should be ivy stripped prior to works and soft felled. 31+900 A Mature trees that may or may not No trees with potentially suitable roosting sites. have bat roost potential
Adjacent to and possibly within the scope of proposed layby 31+900 B Poplar with Ivy cover No potentially suitable roost sites.
Adjacent to location of new gantry 31+550 A Fairly mature Oak with dense Ivy No potentially suitable roosting sites in this area. cover
Approx. 20m north of proposed bridge demolition and construction 31+200 to Mature trees either side of River 5a – one Willow spp. Small hole 25m x 50mm 31+300 A and Thames at 4m height on west side. Ladder and B endoscope used for inspection. Hole blind at Immediately adjacent to and 50mm, no potentially suitable roost sites. possibly within footprint of bridge Maybe lost with widening of bridge widening 5b – Several semi-mature Poplar with Ivy. Very low potential for roost potential and unlikely to be affected by works.
5c – Semi mature Poplar partially obscured by immature Ivy. No potentially suitable roost sites.
5b – Semi mature Ash/Sycamore. Partially obscured by Ivy immature only. No potentially suitable roost sites.
5e – Several semi-mature trees with immature Ivy. No potentially suitable roost sites. ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT APPENDICES NATURE CONSERVATION TECHNICAL
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection 30+650 A and Mature trees either side of No trees with potentially suitable roost sites B motorway identified on either side.
Adjacent to bridge demolition and construction 28+800 A Couple of mature trees No trees with potentially suitable roost sites.
Adjacent to road widening 28+500 A Three mature trees just outside the No trees with potentially suitable roost sites. Order limits. Avenue of mature trees, hornbeam, ash, lime, A few metres away from road oak – small number of knot holes but all solid widening at bridge with no potential for bats. One oak had a split stem at the top– little potential and unlikely to be affected by works. 27+550 to Line of trees Section of woodland with numerous trees totally 27+700 A, obscured by Ivy – nothing with any great and 27+800 B Adjacent to and within the scope of potential. Re-inspect before any works. a layby area and a new gantry 1 dead Hornbeam in woodland with cavity in top of dead stem. Cavity about 60mm diameter x 500mm long. Small opening at top no evidence of bats. Stem broken off and left on the ground – made unsuitable 26+850 A Willow next to culvert Access from hard shoulder
A few metres from new gantry Tree felled already – no constraint 26+550 A 2 mature trees Access from hard shoulder.
Adjacent to road widening Tree totally obscured by dense, immature ivy. Unlikely to have potentially suitable roost sites. 24+750 A Trees that may or may not have bat Accessed from hard shoulder. potential All ivy is immature and very dense. Several In proximity of new gantry holes in poplar inspected with fiberscope - all blind and/or wet, mulch, grass – no potentially suitable roost sites.
NB: bird nest box on one poplar 24+250 A and Trees either side of bridge Access from Datchet Road (SL5 9AB) B Adjacent to bridge demolition and 15a – semi-mature Willow spp. Fallen on fence. construction Multi-stem. Lateral split (see photos in folder). Does not lead to any small cavities. No evidence of use by bats.
15b – Semi-mature Willow. Multi-stemmed. Felled at 1.8 m. Hollow stem at break but not going into complex cavity – no evidence of bats.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection 24+050 A Group of mature trees Access from Datchet Road (SL5 9AB)
Adjacent to and possibly within Row of semi-mature Ash on fence line of the footprint of new layby Scheme – mostly obscured by immature Ivy – no features considered potentially suitable roosting sites.
Mature Willow c.12m from boundary fence (Cat 1?). Small number of rut holes/knots on secondary limbs. Not climbable (3 rd party land). Unlikely to be affected by proposals. Directly next to SOS phone 24+050 B. 23+850 A and Group of mature and semi-mature Access from 15 or possibly hard shoulder B trees No survey required Adjacent to footbridge demolition and construction 23+750 B Mature hedge Accessed from Recreation Ground overbridge
New layby All semi-mature hawthorn hedge – no potentially suitable roost sites. 23+650 to Mature hedge Accessed from hard shoulder 23+550 A Water main subway to be No potentially suitable roost sites lengthened No survey required 23+550 B Mature hedge Accessed from hard shoulder
New gantry All semi-mature – diameter 100-200. Little ivy – all immature. No potentially suitable roost sites. 23+250 A A few semi-mature trees Accessed from hard shoulder
Existing gantry foundation to be No potentially suitable roost sites. reused Less than 120 diameter 22+950 B Hedge behind a sound barrier Accessed from hard shoulder
New gantry Semi-mature CM only. Max diameter 80mm – no potentially suitable roost sites. No constraint. 22+650 A A few mature and semi-mature Access from Riding Court Road overbridge trees Semi-mature trees - mostly conifer and New gantry sycamore. Mostly partially obscured by immature ivy. Very unlikely to have feature potentially suitable roost sites. All trees fairly healthy. No obvious features except one conifer dead at top but no potentially suitable roost site features.
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection 22+500 A&B A group of mature and semi-mature Accessed from Riding Court Road overbridge trees (SL3 9JU)
Adjacent to bridge demolition + 24a – semi mature – few snapped limbs, all construction and a new gantry scars solid. No potentially suitable roost sites.
24b – minor loose bark on elder – no potentially suitable roost sites. 22+300 to Trees/hedge behind a sound barrier Accessed from Riding Court Road overbridge 22+150 B (SL3 9JU) and 22+050 B New layby Small semi-mature trees only – no potentially New gantry suitable roosting sites 21+950 to Trees lining Riding Court Road Accessed from hard shoulder 21+850 A New gantry Avenue of semi-mature Poplar. Several within this zone (c.12 trees + more outside) mostly obscured by ivy with very dense immature Ivy on main stem. Very unlikely to obscure features of potentially suitable roost sites as none were seen on other trees and will block bat access anyway – not climbable. 21+650 A Trees lining Riding Court Road, Accessed on hard shoulder adjacent to a lake Semi-mature Sycamore/Ash/Elm with immature New gantry Ivy only. No potentially suitable roosting sites. 21+550 B Trees lining a stream and Major’s Access from A470 Farm Road, B470. Close proximity to the Queen Mother Reservoir. Significant number of semi-mature Sycamore/Ash – all totally obscured by dense Ashley’s Arch, lengthening immature Ivy. Very low/no potentially suitable roosting sites. 21+450 B 2 dead Sycamore trees adjacent to Accessed from hard shoulder Riding Court Not found at this location. Five small dead Elm on the verge of Riding Court Road – some loose bark but very open to weather and/or totally obscured by dense immature Ivy. Very low/no potentially suitable roosting sites 21+150 B Trees lining Riding Court Road and Accessed from hard shoulder Ditton Park Road 30a – multi-stem Poplar – partially obscured by Gas main lengthening immature Ivy. Few scarred – potentially suitable roosting sites but low. Inspected 19/05/2014 with ladder – all blind or fully occluded. No potentially suitable roosting sites
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection 21+150 B Scattered mature and semi-mature Accessed from hard shoulder trees adjacent to Major’s farm Road B470. Close proximity to the Queen No trees with potentially suitable roosting sites. Mother Reservoir.
New gantry 20+850 A Trees in a hedge lining Riding Access from Riding Court Road overbridge/hard and Court Road. shoulder 20+850 to 20+550 A New gantry Semi-mature Poplar/Sycamore/Elm/CM/Willow – mostly partially/totally obscured by dense Widening immature Ivy. No potentially suitable roost sites 20+450 A No vegetation; trees and shrubs No survey required further east, nearer to Langley roundabout.
New gantry 20+350 to Scrub, mature and semi-mature All fully occluded, blind or full wet mulch – no 19+950 A trees adjacent to proposed potentially suitable roost sites and widening 20+250 to 19+950 B Structures to be widened 19+450 to Trees adjacent to Sutton Lane Accessed from Sutton Lane overbridge 19+350 B overbridge Several semi-mature Poplar/Willow – partially New gantry observed by immature Ivy only. No potentially suitable roost sites. 19+250 Line of trees behind a sound barrier Accessed from hard shoulder on both sides. A on both sides of M4 and 19+250 to 36a – north side – all very small trees – 75mm 19+150 A and New gantry diameter – no potentially suitable roost sites B and removal of existing gantry (N&S) 36b – south side – hedge only – no potentially suitable roost sites. 19+150 Trees in a hedge/scrub Accessed from hard shoulder B New gantry Hedge only at this location – less than 75mm diameter – no potentially suitable roost sites 19+050 A Line of trees behind a fence Accessed from hard shoulder
New gantry Few semi-mature trees partially obscured by immature Ivy – no potentially suitable roost sites. 18+950 to Trees in a hedge Accessed from hard shoulder 18+850 B New gantry Scrub and small trees only; less than 150mm diameter. No potentially suitable roost sites.
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APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 4-B PAGE 12
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection 18+600 A and Mature trees, Oak Plantation Accessed from hard shoulder 18+600 to 18+450 A and New gantry and removal of existing 40a – north side – one multi-stem semi-mature B gantry N&S ash with few small knot holes but all solid – no potentially suitable roost sites. 18+450 to Mature trees, Old Wood Accessed from hard shoulder 18+350 B New gantry No trees with potentially suitable roost sites. Semi mature – some Ivy, immature only 18+250 A Semi-mature and mature trees at Accessed from hard shoulder the edge of Oak Plantation 42a – north side – semi-mature trees. No New gantry potentially suitable roost sites
42b – south side – few semi-mature Oak with Ivy, partially obscured by Ivy (immature only). No potentially suitable roost sites. Small Sycamore with knot holes; all solid + mulch. No potentially suitable roost sites 18+000 A and Occasional semi-mature and Accessed from hard shoulder at chainage B mature trees in a hedge/scrub 17+950
New gantry N&S No potentially suitable roost sites. 17+850 A and Semi-mature and mature trees in a Accessed from hard shoulder B hedge/scrub No trees with potentially suitable roost sites Removal of existing gantry N&S 17+700 to Mature, semi-mature trees and Accessed from Old Slade Lane overbridge (SL0 17+450 A and shrubs on both sides of the M4. 9DX) 17+600 to Good connectivity to Oak Plantation 17+450 B (N) and Old Wood (S). Old Slade 45a – group of mature Willow, some lake on the south side. partially/totally obscured by immature Ivy only, few dead trees included. Demolition of structure and new build to east. 45b – standing dead Willow – small knot holes inspected with ladder/torch – hole blind at 30mm, loose bark – No signs of current occupation
45c – multi-stem Willow – possible cavity at c.120mm high, hole 300x100mm diameter – occupied by bees – not inspected due to health and safety, but very unlikely to be used by bats. 16+700 B Shrubs and semi-mature trees in a Accessed from hard shoulder plantation within junction 4b, east of the M25 intersection. Dense CM scrub – no potentially suitable roost sites New gantry
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HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Chainage Description Results of further survey/climbed inspection 16+400 A Shrubs and semi-mature trees in a Accessed from hard shoulder plantation within junction 4b, between M4 and slip road. No suitable trees – no potentially suitable roost sites New gantry 16+200 A Line of mature and semi-mature Accessed from hard shoulder trees (including Conifers) north of the slipway. Close proximity to No trees in immediate area – no potentially Wraysbury River and River Colne. suitable roost sites No trees between slipway and M4.
New gantries – north of the slipway and north side of M4 15+550 B A few shrubs and semi-mature Accessed from hard shoulder trees in central reservation. Semi- mature and mature trees on the Semi-mature Sycamore/Ash – no potentially south side, close proximity to suitable roost sites identified Saxon Lake.
New gantry 15+500 to Line of mature and semi-mature Accessed from hard shoulder 15+400 trees on the north side of M4. A few A shrubs and semi-mature trees in No trees with potentially suitable roost sites on central reservation. north of M4.
New gantry No access to central reserve but all looks too young 15+400 B Mature and semi-mature trees and Accessed from hard shoulder shrubs in central reservation 15+300 B No potential trees in central reserve – too young Removal of gantry and very dense.
New gantry No trees with potential on south side verge 15+100 A Mature and semi-mature trees and Assessed from hard shoulder/Hammersmith shrubs overbridge 15+000 A New layby 52a N – all trees small with 100-150 diameter – 15+200 B no potentially suitable roost sites New gantry 15+150 B 52b S - 3-4 semi-mature cherry spp. With gnarly New layby and gantry removal bark/knot holes but all blind/solid – no potentially New gantry suitable roost sites.
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APPENDIX 9.1 ANNEX 4-B PAGE 14
HIGHWAYS AGENCY – M4 JUNCTIONS 3 TO 12 SMART MOTORWAY
Annex 5-A Dormouse 2010 Survey Results
Survey Section No. of Tubes No. of Evidence of Dormouse Dormouse Found 1 50 0 None 2A Block not surveyed 2B Block not surveyed 2C Block not surveyed 2D 0 None 2E 50 0 None 2F 0 None 3 50 0 None 4 50 0 None 5 50 0 None 6 50 0 None 7A 0 None 50 7B 0 None 7C Block not surveyed 7D Block not surveyed 7E Block not surveyed 7G Block not surveyed 8 50 0 None
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Annex 5-B Dormouse 2013 Survey Results
Survey No. of Evidence of Evidence of other species Section Tubes dormice
2A 44 None Wood mice/Yellow necked mice 2B 15 None Wood mice/Yellow necked mice 2D 15 None Wood mice/Yellow necked mice 2E 28 None Wood mice/Yellow necked mice 7A 25 None Wood mice/Yellow necked mice 7B 18 None Wood mice/Yellow necked mice 7C 36 None Wood mice/Yellow necked mice 7E 20 None Wood mice/Yellow necked mice
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Annex 6-A Otter and Water Vole Survey Results
Watercourse Location Field signs Previous Potential for and survey (Grid Records Otter and number reference Water Vole and chainage) 1 – Arlington SU652713 Feeding remains of Water vole Highly suitable Business Park freshwater mussel records from this habitat for otter drain 61+750 were found on the channel section. and water vole. banks most likely to Note: The drain be from otters. Water adjacent to vole prints were found highway boundary within the ditch. considered to be sub-optimal for water vole. Though footprints have been recorded at this location previously (2013), a more-recent search has confirmed the absence of water vole burrows (2015). 2 – Holy Brook SU658710 No evidence found – Water vole Highly suitable 61+750 access limited due to records from this habitat for otter vegetated and narrow section of River and water vole banks and deep Kennet channel. No spraints on ledges of the bridge underpass. Signal crayfish were seen in the watercourse. 3 – River SU658709 Water vole seen Water vole Highly suitable Kennet 61+100 crossing path into records from this habitat for otter River at SU651707. section of River and water vole Kennet 4 – Drain SU659709 No evidence found Water vole Highly suitable connecting records from this habitat for otter large water section of River and water vole bodies Kennet
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Watercourse Location Field signs Previous Potential for and survey (Grid Records Otter and number reference Water Vole and chainage) 5 – Drain SU669701 No evidence found Records of water Good habitat on channel from 59+850 but dense vegetation vole further northern side and River Kennet along banks and upstream within moderate across watercourse this watercourse. potential on prevented access. southern side for water vole. Moderate potential for otter. 6 – Foundry SU700694 Water vole burrows, Water vole record Good habitat for Brook 56+550 otter feeding remains on Foundry Brook otter and water and spraints found on vole. the northern side channel and at the edge of the adjoining lake. Otter slide found on the southern side. 7 – Drain SU705692 Old water vole Water vole record Good habitat for 56+050 burrows and feeding on Foundry Brook otter and water remains found on the vole. northern side. Drain was dry on the southern side. 8 – River SU757696 Numerous sets of Records of white Suitable habitat Loddon 50+450 otter prints were found clawed crayfish for water vole and in the underpass of excellent habitat this watercourse. No for otter. further signs were found and dense vegetation and safe access prevented many of the banks being checked for signs. 9 – Loddon SU760696 No evidence found. Records of white Moderate habitat Side channel clawed crayfish for water vole and 50+150 good commuting habitat for otter. 10 – Culvert SU765698 No evidence found No records Good commuting 58+550 identified habitat for otter. 11 – Ditch SU769700 No evidence found. No records Limited potential connecting to 49+150 identified for water vole and Loddon otter.
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Watercourse Location Field signs Previous Potential for and survey (Grid Records Otter and number reference Water Vole and chainage) 12 – Emm SU794706 North side - Otter No records Moderate Brook 46+450 spraint located on identified potential for water overhanging bough vole and highly and footprints located suitable habitat on a poached bank for otter. indicate otters moving through the areas. No evidence of water vole found. Access to the southern side was limited due to restricted access. An old otter spraint was noted. No signs in mid- section of junction 10. 13 – Ditch and SU822726 No evidence noted No records Suitable habitat drain 43+050 identified on the northern side for water vole and habitat that could be utilised for otter on the northern side. 14 – Tributary SU842742 Access permission not No records Moderate habitat of Twyford 40+450 given for this section. identified for water vole and Brook otter. 15 – Twyford SU854753 Access permission Record from 1993 Potential habitat Brook only given for a small of an otter found for water vole and 38+850 section immediately dead on the M4 otter. adjacent to the carriageway next Agency estate to this therefore the section watercourse. could not be fully surveyed and no evidence was found in the immediate adjacent section. 16 – The Cut SU874777 Access restricted by Records of water Moderate habitat dense vegetation and vole exist further for water vole and 35+550 water too deep to upstream. good habitat for enter. No evidence of otter. otter or water vole noted. 17 - The SU889786 No evidence of otter Record of water Good habitat for Bourne 33+850 or water vole noted. vole within 150m water vole and otter. 18 – The Cut 32+050 Otter Spraint at two Record of water Unsuitable habitat culvert locations vole within 150m for water vole and excellent habitat for otter.
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Watercourse Location Field signs Previous Potential for and survey (Grid Records Otter and number reference Water Vole and chainage) 19 – Thames No evidence of otter Records of water Potential habitat Bay 31+200 to or water vole noted vole exist further for water vole and 31+300 during the surveys upstream. otter. however a potential otter was observed during the other survey works. 20 – Jubilee 30+300 Otter spraint located Record from 1993 Potential habitat River under motorway of an otter found for water vole and bridge and under dead on the M4 excellent habitat footbridge carriageway next for otter. to this watercourse. 21 30+000 No evidence of otter No records Sub-optimal or water vole noted identified habitat for water vole and habitat with some potential for otter. 22 29+550 No evidence of otter No records Unsuitable habitat or water vole noted identified for water vole and otter. 23 28+850 No evidence of otter No records Unsuitable habitat or water vole noted identified for water vole and otter. 24 27+100 No evidence of otter No records Sub-optimal or water vole noted identified habitat for water vole and otter 25 – Chalvey 26+850 No evidence of otter No records Sub-optimal ditch or water vole noted identified habitat for water vole and otter 26 – Chalvey 26+350 No evidence of otter Records of white Unsuitable habitat ditch or water vole noted clawed crayfish for water vole and otter. 27 – Chalvey 25+700 Feeding remains of Records of white Potential habitat ditch frog found potentially clawed crayfish for water vole and from otter. No other otter. signs were noted. 28 24+950 No access Water vole record No access on Foundry Brook 29 24+700 Water vole record Unsuitable habitat on Foundry Brook for water vole and otter. 30 24+250 No access Records of water No access vole further upstream within this watercourse. 31 24+000 No access Water vole No access records from this section of River Kennet
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Watercourse Location Field signs Previous Potential for and survey (Grid Records Otter and number reference Water Vole and chainage) 32 22+450 No evidence of otter Water vole Unsuitable habitat or water vole noted records from this for water vole and section of River otter. Kennet 33 21+850 No evidence of otter Water vole Some potential for or water vole noted records from this water vole and section of River little potential for Kennet otter. 34 21+700 No evidence of otter Water vole Some potential for or water vole noted records from this water vole and channel section. little potential for otter. 35 - Pond 21+600 No evidence of otter No records Some potential for or water vole noted identified water vole and little potential for otter. 36 21+000 No evidence of otter No records Some potential for or water vole noted identified water vole and little potential for otter. 37 – Ditton 19+050 No access No records No access Farm pond identified 38 19+050 No access No records No access identified 39 No access No access 40 18+350 No evidence of otter No records Some potential for or water vole noted identified water vole and little potential for otter. 41 18+050 No evidence of otter No records Some potential for or water vole noted identified water vole and little potential for otter. 42 17+950 No access No records No access identified 43 No access No records No access identified 44 – Colne 17+100 No evidence of otter No records Low potential for Brook or water vole. identified water vole and Footprints believed to potential habitat be rat were found. for otter. 45 – Bigley No evidence of otter No records Unsuitable habitat Ditch 16+450 or water vole noted identified for water vole and low potential for otter. 46 – Wraysbury 16+100 No evidence of otter No records Limited potential River or water vole noted identified for water vole and potential for otter (lying up)
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Watercourse Location Field signs Previous Potential for and survey (Grid Records Otter and number reference Water Vole and chainage) 47 – River 16+000 No evidence of otter No records Potential habitat Colne or water vole noted identified for water vole and potential foraging habitat for otter (unlikely to be used for lying). 48 No evidence of otter No records Sub-optimal or water vole noted identified suitable habitat for water vole and limited potential for otter holts/lying up. 49 14+000 No evidence of otter No records Unsuitable habitat or water vole noted identified for water vole or otter. 50 12+150 No evidence of otter No records Unsuitable habitat or water vole noted identified for water vole or otter. 51 – River 10+900 No evidence of otter No records Low potential for Crane or water vole noted identified water vole and potential foraging habitat for otter (unlikely to be used for lying).
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Annex 6-B Watercourses unable to be surveyed
Watercourse and survey Description number 2 Access limited due to vegetated and narrow banks and deep channel. 5 Access prevented due to dense vegetation along banks and across watercourse. 8 Access to many banks prevented due to dense vegetation and lack of safe access. 12 Access to the southern side was limited due to restricted access. 14 Access permission not given for this section.
15 Access permission only given for a small section immediately adjacent to the Agency estate therefore the section could not be fully surveyed. 16 Access restricted by dense vegetation and water too deep to enter.
18 Access denied south of motorway by land owner
29 Access denied by Slough Council 30
37 Access denied by landowner
38 Access denied
39 Access denied
40 Access denied south of motorway
41 Access denied south of motorway
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