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Download Issue I I Wilson Center Events "Globalization: The Agent of Good Governance?" Chai-anan Samudavanija,President, Institute of Public PolicyStudies, Bangkok, Thailand, April 25 "Trafficking in Women from the Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe to Bosnia" Martina Vandenberg, European Researcher,Women's Rights Division, Human Rights Watch, April 30 "The Poles,Their Past,and Their Neighbors: Remembrance and Reconciliation" Wlodzimierz Borodziej, Warsaw University; Leon Kieres, President of the Institute of National Remembrance,Warsaw; Pavol Lukac, SeniorAnalyst, Slovak Foreign PolicyAssociation, Slovakia; Ceslav Okincic, Adviserto the PresideIltof Lithuania; Andrzej Paczkowski,Fellow, Woodrow Wilson Center; Timothy Snyder, Executive Secretary,Harvard Academy. Cosponsored by the Embassyof Poland, May 2 "From Zaibatsu to Bit Valley:Tracking Tapan'sProgress in the IT Revolution" Zenji Nakazawa,Senior Attorney/Advisor,Federal Communications Commission, Marie Anchordoguy,Professor of InterIlationalStudies, University of Washington. Cosponsoredby the MansfieldCenter for PacificAffairs, May 9 The Director's Forum "Welfare, Children, and Families: The Impact of Welfare Reform in the New Economy" William Julius Wilson, LewisP. and Linda L. GeyserUniversity Professor, Harvard University, May 17 "Lobbyists and the Public Interest" CoIlgressman David Price (D-NC), invited; former CongressmaII Vin Weber (R- MN), iIlvited; Jonathan Rauch, National Journal, Rick Hall, Associate Professor of PoliticalScience, University of Michigan.Sponsored by the CongressProject, May 18 "Supercomputing and the Human Endeavor" TamesBurke, host of the televisionprogram "Connections"; Tames Billington, Librarianof Congress;Michael Capellas, Presidentand CEO of Compaq Corporation; Bernadine Healy, President of the American Red Cross; Richard Rhodes, Pnlitzer Prize-winningauthor; and many others. Cosponsoredby the Los AlamosNational Laboratory.By invitationonly; those interestedin attending should e-mail RiIlelda Bliss at [email protected], Tune 13-15 This calendar is only a partial listing of Wilson Center events. For further information on these and other events,visit the Center's Web site at ht~p://www.wilsoncenter.org.The Center is in the Ronald Reagan Building, 1300 PennsylvaniaAvenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. Although many events are open to the public, some meetings may reqllire reservations.Contact Maria-Stella Gatzoulis at (202) 601-4188to confirm time, place, and entry requirements. Please allow time 017arrival at the Center for routine security procedures.A photo ID is rec]uiredfor entry. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars WQ WQSPRING 2001 THE WILSON QUARTERLY Published by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars WQ Online: http://www.wilsonquarterly.com 45 HOW THE WORLD VIEWS AMERICA Americans tend to think of themselves as the unalloyed global good guys. Why doesn’t the rest of the world see things that way? Seven views from abroad. Essays by Allister Sparks, Denis Lacorne, Fouad Ajami, Wang Jisi, Peter Schneider, Sergio Aguayo, and Yuri Levada 10 THE DEMON IN JIM GARRISON by Max Holland Did the popular belief that the CIA was involved in the Kennedy assassination grow from a seed planted by the Soviet KGB? 18 THE EMPIRE UNDERGROUND by David W. Wolfe An Illinois scientist is only now being recognized for what he discovered 25 years ago: a new life form whose existence challenges our understanding of evolution and the origins of life. 28 THE STORM OVER THE BLACK BOOK by Andrzej Paczkowski A scholarly effort to tally the human cost of communism around the world has stirred enormous controversy. One of its authors explains why. 35 WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN? by Mark Kingwell Human beings can’t help but ask the big philosophical questions, even if they know that the answers will come up short. departments 2 EDITOR’S COMMENT 110 CURRENT BOOKS Max Byrd 3 CORRESPONDENCE on Robert E. Lee 7 FINDINGS David J. Garrow Classrooms for Sale on 1960s activists The Downside to the Upside James Morris Fading Fingerprints on American popular song 81 THE PERIODICAL OBSERVER Reviews by Amy Bloom, Michael The Morally Perplexed Academy Malone, Michael Novak, Charles Is Nanotech Getting Real? Seife, and Martin Walker 107 RESEARCH REPORTS 128 FROM THE CENTER cover: Illustration by Edel Rodriguez. Design by David Herbick. The views expressed herein are not necessarily those of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. USPS 346-670 | Volume XXV, Number 2 | Printed in the U.S.A. Editor’s Comment oday’s debate about the U.S. role in the world is as fateful as the ones that occurred at the end of the two world wars. After World TWar I, the United States chose isolation; after the next war, it chose the Marshall Plan and a commitment to contain communism around the world. Now, without the Cold War to structure global relations, there are new choices. Our cover “cluster” of essays is designed to illumi- nate the alternatives by giving a sense of some of the realities overseas. Four main schools of thought have emerged in the American debate— although there are different currents within each and significant points of overlap among the four: “Realists,” including many in the Bush administration, call for the preser- vation of U.S. leadership through a traditional balance-of-power strategy by which the United States maintains links with all the world’s major powers in order to play a central “balancing” role. “Multilateralists” argue that America’s interests are best served by chan- neling its energies into multilateral institutions, which constrain America’s power but advance its goals. “Universalists” believe that the United States, as the wellspring of univer- sal democratic rights, should pursue the global triumph of liberal democra- tic values. “Neo-isolationists” or “nationalists” are wary of U.S. involvements over- seas and critical of globalization and free trade. As always, our essays are offered in the spirit of furthering public debate rather than advancing any particular point of view. But the time for that debate is now. This moment of maximum American power grows out of Japan’s long economic stagnation, Europe’s slow consolidation, and China’s halting transformation. It likely will not last. Editor: Steven Lagerfeld The Wilson Quarterly (ISSN-0363-3276) is published in Deputy Editor: James M. Morris January (Winter), April (Spring), July (Summer), and Managing Editor: James H. Carman October (Autumn) by the Woodrow Wilson International Senior Editor: Robert K. Landers Center for Scholars at One Woodrow Wilson Plaza, 1300 Literary Editor: Stephen Bates Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20004–3027. Associate Editor: Justine A. Kwiatkowski Complete article index now available online at Editors at Large: Ann Hulbert, Jay Tolson http://wwics.si.edu/WQ/WEBIND.HTM. Subscriptions: Copy Editor: Vincent Ercolano one year, $24; two years, $43. Air mail outside U.S.: one year, Contributing Editors: Martha Bayles, $39; two years, $73. Single copies mailed upon request: $7; Linda Colley, Denis Donoghue, Max Holland, outside U.S. and possessions, $8; selected back issues: $7, Stephen Miller, Jeffery Paine, Walter Reich, including postage and handling; outside U.S., $8. Periodical Alan Ryan, Edward Tenner, Charles Townshend, postage paid at Washington, D.C., and additional mailing Alan Wolfe, Bertram Wyatt-Brown offices. All unsolicited manuscripts should be accompanied by a self-addressed stamped envelope. Members: Send Researcher: Robert J. Yule changes of address and all subscription correspondence with Librarian: Zdenek˘ V. David Wilson Quarterly mailing label to Subscriber Service, Editorial Advisers: K. Anthony Appiah, The Wilson Quarterly, P.O. Box 420406, Palm Coast, FL Robert Darnton, Nathan Glazer, Harry Harding, 32142–0406. (Subscriber hot line: 1-800-829-5108.) Robert Hathaway, Elizabeth Johns, Postmaster: Send all address changes to The Wilson Michael Lacey, Jackson Lears, Quarterly, P.O. Box 420406, Palm Coast, FL 32142–0406. Seymour Martin Lipset, Robert Litwak, Microfilm copies are available from Bell & Howell Wilfred M. McClay, Richard Rorty, Information and Learning, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Blair Ruble, Martin Sletzinger, S. Frederick Michigan 48106. U.S. newsstand distribution by Eastern Starr, Joseph Tulchin, Martin Walker News Distributors, Inc., 2020 Superior Street, Sandusky, Founding Editor: Peter Braestrup (1929–1997) Ohio 44870 (for information, call 1-800-221-3148). Publisher: Kathy Read Advertising: Kathy Read, Tel.: (202) 691-4018, Business Manager: Suzanne Napper Fax: (202) 691-4036. Publisher/Mail Order: Kalish, Circulation: Cary Zel, ProCirc, Miami, Fla. Quigley & Rosen, Tel.: (212) 399-9500, Fax: (212) 265-0986. 2 Wilson Quarterly CorrespondenceCorrespondence Letters may be mailed to One Woodrow Wilson Plaza, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20004–3027, or sent via facsimile, to (202) 691-4036, or e-mail, to [email protected]. The writer’s telephone number and postal address should be included. For reasons of space, letters are usually edited for publication. Some letters are received in response to the editors’ requests for comment. blow to American credibility. That Acheson and The Gulf War’s Legacy the rest of the government misestimated the Andrew J. Bacevich argues that the Persian Gulf challenge, and that neither the Bush adminis- War, like the Spanish-American War, was a tration nor the Clinton administration com- turning point in U.S. history [“A Less than pletely understood the challenges
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