GRE Biology Practice Test

Biology Test Practice Book

This practice book contains ® ◾ one actual, full-length GR E Biology Test ◾ test-taking strategies

Become familiar with ◾ test structure and content ◾ test instructions and answering procedures

Compare your practice test results with the performance of those who

took the test at a GR E administration.

www.ets.org/gre Table of Contents

Overview ...... 3 Test Content ...... 3 Preparing for the Test ...... 5 Test-Taking Strategies ...... 5 What Your Scores Mean ...... 5 Taking the Practice Test ...... 6 Scoring the Practice Test ...... 6 Evaluating Your Performance ...... 6 Practice Test ...... 8 Worksheet for Scoring the Practice Test ...... 61 Score Conversion Table ...... 62 Answer Sheet ...... 63

Test takers with disabilities or health-related needs who need test preparation materials in an alternate format should contact the ETS Office of Disability Services [email protected] . For additional information, visit www.ets.org/gre/disabilities.

ETS, the ETS logo, MEASURING THE POWER OF LEARNING, GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS, and GR E are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS) in the United States and other countries.

overview of the GR E Biology Test to help you get 6. Cytoskeleton: motility and shape ready for test day. It is designed to help you: 7. Cell cycle: growth, division, •• Understand what is being tested and regulation (including signal transduction) •• Gain familiarity with the question types 8. Methods (microscopy, separation, •• Review test-taking strategies immunological) •• Understand scoring •• Practice taking the test B. Genetics and Molecular Biology (16–17%) 1. Genetic foundations To learn more about the GR E Subject Tests, visit www.ets.org/gre. 2. Chromatin and chromosomes 3. Genome sequence organization Test Content 4. Genome maintenance The content of the Biology Test is organized into 5. Gene expression and regulation in three major areas: Cellular and Molecular Biology, prokaryotes and eukaryotes: mechanisms Organismal Biology, and Ecology and Evolution. 6. Gene expression and regulation: effects In addition to the total score, a subscore in each of 7. Immunobiology these subareas is reported. 8. Bacteriophages, animal viruses, and The approximate distribution of questions by plant viruses content category is shown below. 9. Recombinant DNA methodology

I. Cellular and Molecular Biology (33–34%) II. Organismal Biology (33–34%) Fundamentals of cellular biology, genetics, and The structure, physiology, behavior, and molecular biology are addressed. Major topics in development of organisms are addressed. Topics cellular structure and function include prokaryotic covered include nutrient procurement and and eukaryotic cells, metabolic pathways and their processing, gas exchange, internal transport, regulation, membrane dynamics and cell surfaces, regulation of fluids, control mechanisms and organelles, cytoskeleton, and cell cycle. Major effectors, and reproduction in autotrophic areas in genetics and molecular biology include and heterotrophic organisms. Examples of viruses, chromatin and chromosomal structure, developmental phenomena range from fertilization genomic organization and maintenance, and the through differentiation and morphogenesis. regulation of gene expression. The cellular basis of Responses to environmental stimuli are examined immunity and the mechanisms of antigen-antibody as they pertain to organisms. Major distinguishing interactions are included. Attention is also given to characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of experimental methodology. organisms are also covered.

GRE® Biology Test Practice Book 3 Page

007629-72270 / GRE Practice Book, Biology / Created 4/14/08 YR / InDesign CS2, Fonts: Goudy, Helvetica Neue, New Aster, Universal News • D1 4/14/08 YR • D2 5/1/08 YR • 007329-108354 • Drft01 5/1/15 jdb • Drft02 6/1/15 jdb • Drft03 6/11/15 jdb • PDF Drft3 6/15/15 jdb • Drft04 6/22/15 jdb • Preflight 6/25/15 jdb • 007629-114193 • Converted CC • Drft01 6/6/16 jdb• New job 120765-007629 • Dr01 5/12/17 ta• Dr02 5/25/17 ta A. Animal Structure, Function, and 5. Meristems, growth, morphogenesis, and Organization (10%) differentiation 1. Exchange with environment 6. Control mechanisms (e.g., hormones, 2. Internal transport and exchange photoperiod, and tropisms) 3. Support and movement E. Diversity of Life (6%) 4. Integration and control mechanisms 1. Archaea 5. Behavior (communication, orientation, 2. Bacteria learning, and instinct) 3. Protista 6. Metabolic rates (temperature, body size, 4. Fungi and activity) 5. Animalia with emphasis on major phyla B. Animal Reproduction and Development 6. Plantae with emphasis on major phyla (6%) 1. Reproductive structures III. Ecology and Evolution (33–34%) 2. Meiosis, gametogenesis, and fertilization The interactions of organisms and their 3. Early development (e.g., polarity, environment, emphasizing biological principles cleavage, and gastrulation) at levels above the individual are addressed. 4. Developmental processes (e.g., Ecological topics range from physiological induction, determination, adaptations to the functioning of ecosystems. differentiation, morphogenesis, and Although principles are emphasized, some questions metamorphosis) may consider applications to current environmental 5. External control mechanisms (e.g., problems. Topics in evolution range from genetic photoperiod) foundations through evolutionary processes and their consequences. Evolution is considered at C. Plant Structure, Function, and the molecular, individual, populations, and higher Organization, with Emphasis on Flowering levels. Some quantitative skills, including the Plants (7%) interpretation of simple mathematical models, may 1. Organs, tissue systems, and tissues be required. 2. Water transport, including absorption A. Ecology (16–17%) and transpiration 1. Environment/organism interaction 3. Phloem transport and storage 2. Behavioral ecology 4. Mineral nutrition 3. Population ecology 5. Plant energetics (e.g., respiration and 4. Community ecology photosynthesis) 5. Ecosystems D. Plant Reproduction, Growth, and B. Evolution (16–17%) Development, with Emphasis on Flowering Plants (5%) 1. Genetic variability 1. Reproductive structures 2. Macroevolutionary and microevolutionary processes 2. Meiosis and sporogenesis 3. Evolutionary consequences 3. Gametogenesis and fertilization 4. History of life 4. Embryogeny and seed development

4 Page GRE® Biology Test Practice Book

GR E Subject Test questions are designed to oval corresponding to your desired answer. measure skills and knowledge gained over a long •• Your score will be determined by the period of time. Although you might increase your number of questions you answer correctly. scores to some extent through preparation a few Questions you answer incorrectly or for weeks or months before you take the test, last which you mark no answer or more than minute cramming is unlikely to be of further help. one answer are counted as incorrect. The following information may be helpful. Nothing is subtracted from a score if you •• A general review of your college courses is answer a question incorrectly. Therefore, to probably the best preparation for the test. maximize your score it is better for you to However, the test covers a broad range of guess at an answer than not to respond at all. subject matter, and no one is expected to be •• Record all answers on your answer sheet. familiar with the content of every question. Answers recorded in your test book will not •• Become familiar with the types of be counted.

questions in the GR E Biology Test, paying •• Do not wait until the last few minutes of special attention to the directions. If you a testing session to record answers on your thoroughly understand the directions before answer sheet. you take the test, you will have more time during the test to focus on the questions What Your Scores Mean themselves. The number of questions you answered correctly on the whole test and on each content area are Test-Taking Strategies converted to the scaled total score and the scaled The questions in the practice test illustrate the subscores that are reported. These conversions types of multiple-choice questions in the test. ensure that a scaled score reported for any edition

When you take the actual test, you will mark your of a GR E Biology Test is comparable to the same answers on a separate machine-scorable answer scaled score earned on any other edition of the sheet. same test. Thus, equal scaled scores on a particular The following are some general test-taking test indicate essentially equal levels of performance strategies you may want to consider. regardless of the test edition taken.

GR E Biology Test total scores are reported on •• Read the test directions carefully, and work a 200 to 990 score scale in ten-point increments. as rapidly as you can without being careless. Three subscores (Cellular and Molecular Biology; For each question, choose the best answer Organismal Biology; and Ecology and Evolution) from the available options. are also reported on a 20-99 score scale in one-point •• All questions are of equal value; do not increments. waste time pondering individual questions Test scores should be compared only with other you find extremely difficult or unfamiliar. scores on the Biology Test. For example, a total •• You may want to work through the test scaled score of 680 on the Biology Test is not quickly, first answering only the questions equivalent to a total scaled score of 680 on the about which you feel confident, then going Chemistry Test. back and answering questions that require more thought, and concluding with the most difficult questions if there is time.

GRE® Biology Test Practice Book 5 Page

conditions. Find a quiet place to take the test and takers who took the GR E Biology Test in the make sure you have a minimum of 2 hours and United States. 50 minutes available. The numbers in the column labeled “P+” on the To simulate how the administration will be worksheet indicate the percentages of test takers in conducted at the test center, print the answer sheet this sample who answered each question correctly. (pages 63 and 64). Then go to the back cover of the You may use these numbers as a guide for evaluating test book (page 60) and follow the instructions for your performance on each test question. completing the identification areas of the answer Interpretive data based on the scores earned sheet. When you are ready to begin the test, note by a recent cohort of test takers are available on

the time and begin marking your answers on the GR E website at www.ets.org/gre/subject/ the answer sheet. Stop working on the test when scores/understand. The interpretive data show, for 2 hours and 50 minutes have elapsed. selected scaled score, the percentage of test takers who received lower scores. To compare yourself Scoring the Practice Test with this population, look at the percentage next to the scaled score you earned on the practice The worksheet on page 61 lists the correct answers test. Note that these interpretive data are updated to the questions on the practice test. The “Correct annually and reported on GR E score reports. Response” columns are provided for you to mark Your three subscores show your relative those questions for which you chose the correct strengths or weaknesses in the three subfield areas answer. The “Content” columns indicate the primary of the Biology Test. The raw subscores are scaled content area to which each question contributes. in such a way that they are related to the total Mark each question that you answered correctly. scores on the test. On average, a person who has a Then, add up your correct answers and enter your comprehensive background in the field can expect total number of correct answers in the spaces to have subscores equal to about one-tenth of his labeled “Total Correct,” and your number of correct or her total score. Thus, if you have a total scaled answers on the questions contributing to each of score of 600, and your undergraduate program the three content areas in the appropriate spaces placed equal emphasis on the three areas of biology labeled “Questions Correct in Content Area.” Next, represented by the subscores, you would expect to use the conversion tables on page 62 to find the have a scaled subscore of about 60 in each area. If, corresponding total scaled score and scaled subscores. however, your subscores differ by more than a few For example, suppose you chose the correct points, you may take this as an indication that your answers to 142 questions on the test and the correct lower subscore shows weakness, and you may wish answers to 44, 38, and 60 of the questions in to concentrate your review efforts on topics in that content areas 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The “Total area. Correct” entry in the “Total Score” conversion table that matches 142 is 141-142 and your total scaled score is 810. The “Subscore” entries in the “Subscores” conversion table that match 44, 38, and 60 show that your subscores are 77, 71, and 93.

6 Page GRE® Biology Test Practice Book

GR E Biology Test, however, you will be able to determine your strengths and weaknesses and can then plan a program of study to prepare yourself

for taking the GR E Biology Test under standard conditions.

GRE® Biology Test Practice Book 7 Page

GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS®

BIOLOGY TEST

Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. GRE, GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS, ETS, EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE and the ETS logos are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.

007629-72270 / GRE Practice Book, Biology / Created 4/14/08 YR / InDesign CS2, Fonts: Goudy, Helvetica Neue, New Aster, Universal News • D1 4/14/08 YR • D3 5/13/08 YR • 007329-108354 • Drft01 5/1/15 jdb • Drft02 6/1/15 jdb • Drft03 6/11/15 jdb • Preflight 6/25/15 jdb • 007629-114193 • Converted CC • Drft01 6/6/16 jdb • New job 120765-007629 • Dr01 5/12/17 ta

BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes BIOLOGY TEST 194 Questions Time—170 minutes

194 Questions Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the Directions:answer sheet. Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. 1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through form hydrogen bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following 1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteinsorders? destined to be secreted move through form hydrogen bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following (A)orders? Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (A) Smoothcell surface ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (B) RoughGolgi ERcisternae Æ Golgi Æ secretorytransport vesicle Æ Golgicell surface cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (B) Roughcell surface ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (C) GolgiGolgi cisternae cisternae Æ Æ ER secretory transport vesicle vesicle Æ Æ smoothcell surface ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (C) Golgicell surface cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (D) Golgismooth cisternae ER Æ Æsecretory ER transport vesicle vesicle Æ Æ roughcell surface ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (D) Golgicell surface cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (E) Roughrough ERER ÆÆ smoothsecretory ER vesicle Æ Golgi Æ transport vesiclecell surface Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory (E) Rough ER smooth ER Golgi transport vesicle ÆÆ cell surface Æ vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory (A) I only 3. Stabilizationvesicle ofÆ the cell unique surface coiled structure (B) III only of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C)(A) IVI only only 3. Stabilizationattributed to of the unique coiled structure (D)(B) IIII and only II only of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (E)(C) II,IV III,only and IV (A)attributed hydrogen to bonding between the peptide (D) I and II only backbone atoms (E) II, III, and IV (B)(A) disulfidehydrogen bridges bonding between between cysteine the peptide side chainsbackbone atoms (C)(B) carbohydratedisulfide bridges moieties between attached cysteine to polar side aminochains acids (D)(C) carbohydrate peptide linkages moieties that covalently attached to bond polar amino acidsamino acids (E)(D) anpeptide abundance linkages of thatamino covalently acids with bond electrically amino chargedacids side chains (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST 4. A DNA strand with the sequence 5¢ CGA TTGTime—170 3¢ minutes 8. In cloning experiments on the frog Xenopus laevis, nuclei were removed from intestinal cells would be complementary to the sequence 194 Questions of tadpoles and transplanted into zygotes whose (A) 5¢ GCU AAC 3¢ nuclei had been removed. A small percent Directions:(B) 5¢ GCT Each AAC of the 3¢ questions or incomplete statements belowof is thesefollowed zygotes by five developed suggested into answers normal orfrogs, completions.(C) 5′ GTT Select AGC the 3 ′one that is best in each case and then completelysuggesting fill in that the corresponding space on the answer(D) sheet.5′ CAA TCG 3′ (A) intestinal cells can be transformed into all cell (E) 5′ CUU TCG 3¢ types (B) frogs do not have the same developmental 5.1. A Which cell nucleusof the following contains whichpairs of of molecules the following? would 2. Proteinsconstraints destined asto otherbe secreted species move through form hydrogen bonds? (C)the secretoryintestinal pathway cell nuclei in whichare highly of the specialized following I. DNA orders? II. Protein (D) the genomes of all somatic cells are III. RNA (A) Smoothequivalent ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ

(E) theGolgi zygotic cisternae nucleus cannotsecretory be vesiclesuccessfully (A) I only Æ Æ inactivatedcell surface (B) II only (B) Rough ER Golgi transport vesicle (C) III only 9. In garden peas, Æthe allele for tall plants (D)Æ (D) I and II only is completelyGolgi cisternae dominant Æ to secretory the allele vesicle for dwarf Æ (E) I, II, and III plants cell(d) andsurface the allele for violet flower color (W) (C)is completely Golgi cisternae dominant Æ ERto the transport allele forvesicle white Æ 6. Which of the following best explains how flowersmooth color ( wER). InÆ a secretory cross between vesicle a Ætall violet mutations in DNA can result in the expression plant, cellwith surface the genotype DDWw, and a dwarf of a new phenotype? (D)white Golgi plant, cisternae what phenotypic Æ ER transport ratio of vesicle the progeny Æ (A) A different polypeptide is produced. wouldrough be expected ER Æ fromsecretory this cross?vesicle Æ (B) The polarity of tRNA becomes the opposite (A) Allcell tall surface violet of that of DNA. (E)(B) Rough1 tall violet: ER Æ 1 smoothdwarf violet ER Æ Golgi transport (C) Nucleic acids are methylated. (C) 1 vesicletall violet: Æ Golgi 1 tall cisternaewhite: 1 dwarf Æ secretory violet: (D) The gene is now read in the 3 to 5 direction. ¢ ¢ vesicle1 dwarf Æ white cell surface (E) Eukaryotes and prokaryotes have similar (D) 1 tall violet: 1 tall white (A) I ribosomes.only 3. Stabilization(E) All dwarf of white the unique coiled structure (B) III only of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily 7. Which(C) IV ofonly the following techniques could be used attributed to to(D) demonstrate I and II only protein binding to specific DNA sequences(E) II, III,? and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbone atoms (A) Western blot hybridization (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side (B) Northern blot hybridization chains (C) Southern blot hybridization (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar (D) Electrophoretic mobility shift assay amino acids (E) Polymerase chain reaction (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST 10. Which of the following best explains why Time—170 minutes14. Of the graphs shown below, which is most enzymes are effective in facilitating chemical representative of the kinetics of ion transport 194 Questions reactions? through a membrane channel?

(A) They raise the temperature of the reaction Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or mixture, thereby speeding up the conversion (A) completions.of reactants Select the to one products. that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the answer(B) sheet.They alter the equilibrium constant of a reaction (K ) so that more reactant can be eq 1. Whichconverted of the following to product. pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through (C)form They hydrogen increase bonds? the maximal rate of the the secretory pathway in which of the following chemical reaction (Vmax). orders? (D) They lower the activation energy, thereby

speeding up the conversion of reactants (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ to products. (B) Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (E) They donate energy to reactions, thereby cell surface allowing nonspontaneous reactions to (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ proceed. Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface 11. Targeting of a newly synthesized protein is most (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ likely to require two different signal peptides for which of the following destinations? smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (A) Plasma membrane (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (B) Lysosome (C) rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (C) Cytosol cell surface (D) Chloroplast (E) Endoplasmic reticulum (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory 12. Approximately what fraction of the human vesicle Æ cell surface genome encodes proteins? (A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B)(A) III2% only (B) 25% of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed to (D)(C) 50% I and II only (D) (E)(D) 90% II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide (E) 99% backbone atoms (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side 13. Which of the following contain DNA sequences chains required for the segregation of chromosomes in (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar mitosis and meiosis? amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino (A) Telomeres acids (B) Centromeres (C) Nucleosomes (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically (E) charged side chains (D) Spliceosomes (E) Ribosomes

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BIOLOGY TEST 15. In eukaryotic photosynthetic cells, which of Time—170the minutes18. The action of an inhibitor that diminishes the rate following occurs when electrons flow cyclically of catalysis by binding reversibly at the active site 194 Questions through the electron transport chain associated is best described as with photosystem I? (A) facultative Directions:(A) Synthesis Each of the ATP questions or incomplete statements below(B) is followed competitive by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the (B) Reduction of NADP+ to NADPH (C) constitutive answer sheet. (C) Release of O (D) allosteric 2 (D) Reduction of CO to sugar (E) cooperative 2 (E) Formation of H O 1. Which of the following2 pairs of molecules would 19.2. ProteinsAll of the destined following to bemay secreted serve as move intracellular through form hydrogen bonds? themessengers secretory EXCEPT pathway in which of the following 16. In the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase, the rate orders? of reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol increases (A) calcium ions (A) Smooth ER Golgi transport vesicle as the concentration of acetaldehyde is increased. (B) cAMP Æ Æ Eventually, the rate of the reaction reaches a (C) acetylcholineGolgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ maximum, after which point further increases in (D) inositolcell surface 1,4,5-triphosphate the concentration of acetaldehyde have no effect. (B)(E) 1,2-diacylglycerol Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Which of the following is true at the maximal rate Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ of reaction? 20. In chloroplasts,cell surface a certain protein is found in the (C)lumen Golgi of the cisternae thylakoid Æ (thylakoidER transport space). vesicle It isÆ (A) Nearly all of the enzyme molecules are transcribed in the nucleus and synthesized on smooth ER secretory vesicle interacting with acetaldehyde molecules. cytoplasmic ribosomes.Æ How many membraneÆ (B) The activation energy of the reaction bilayerscell must surface this protein cross to reach its final decreases. (D)location? Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (C) The change in free energy of the reaction rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ decreases. (A) Onecell surface (B) Two (D) The enzyme is no longer specific for (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport acetaldehyde. (C) Three vesicle Golgi cisternae secretory (E) The enzyme has mostly been used up in (D) Four Æ Æ earlier phases of the reaction. (E) Fivevesicle Æ cell surface

(A) I only 21.3. StabilizationWhich of the offollowing the unique statements coiled structure about 17. When(B) III an only influenza virus enters a cell, it immediately starts to do which of the following? ofmitochondria an alpha helix and in chloroplas a proteints is is primarily generally true? (C) IV only attributed to (D)(A) Incorporate I and II only viral DNA into the host cell’s (A) Plants have chloroplasts but no mitochondria; (E) II,chromosome III, and IV (A) hydrogenanimals havebonding mitochondria between the but peptide no (B) Destroy the host cell’s transcriptional backbonechloroplasts. atoms machinery (B) disulfidePlants have bridges chloroplasts between but cysteine no mitochondria; side (C) Replicate its genetic material and synthesize chainsfungi have mitochondria but no viral proteins (C) carbohydratechloroplasts. moieties attached to polar (D) Use a viral copy of reverse transcriptase (C) Plantsamino and acids fungi have chloroplasts but no to manufacture viral DNA (D) peptidemitochondria; linkages animals that covalently have only bond amino (E) Destabilize membrane proteins and lyse acidsmitochondria. the host cell (E)(D) anPlants abundance and fungi of haveamino both acids chloroplasts with electrically chargedand mitochondria; side chains animals have only mitochondria. (E) Plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria; animals and fungi have only mitochondria.

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BIOLOGY TEST 22. The following pairs were placed in solution Time—170 minutes25. Which of the following sets of reactions occurs together. Which two could be separated by in the stroma of the chloroplast in plant cells? 194 Questions performing low-speed centrifugation? (A) Calvin cycle (A) DNA and mRNA (B) Krebs cycle Directions:(B) Nuclei Each and of secretory the questions vesicles or incomplete statements below(C) is followed Fermentation by five suggested answers or completions.(C) Golgi Select apparatus the one and that endoplasmic is best in eachreticulum case and then completely(D) Decarboxylation fill in the corresponding space on the answer(D) sheet.Lysosomes and endosomes (E) Ammonification (E) Ribosomes and signal-recognition particles (SRP’s) 26. Which of the following is typically NOT found 1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteinsin normal destined somatic to cells be secretedof a human move male? through 23. Phalloidinform hydrogen is a toxinbonds? made by the death cap the secretory pathway in which of the following (A) The entire genetic information possessed mushroom. The toxin binds to actin subunits and orders? by the original zygote disrupts actin function. Which of the following (A)(B) An Smooth inactivated ER Æ GolgiX chromosome transport vesicle Æ structures would be most directly affected by (C) Forty-fourGolgi cisternae autosomes Æ secretory vesicle Æ phalloidin? (D) Acell diploid surface nucleus (A) Intermediate filaments (B)(E) A Rough Y chromosome ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (B) Collagen fibers Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (C) Microfilaments 27. Whichcell of thesurface following is the most direct cause (D) Microtubules (C)of polyteny Golgi cisternae in somatic Æ cellsER transport of certain vesicle organisms? Æ (E) Keratin fibers (A) RNAsmooth transcription ER secretory vesicle Æ Æ (B) Supercoiling of chromatin 24. Mitochondria isolated and placed in a buffered cell surface (C) Chromosome replication without cell division solution with a low pH begin to manufacture (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (D) Chromosome recombination ATP. Which of the following is the best rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (E) Amplification of sex chromosomes explanation for the effect of low external pH? cell surface

(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport (A) It increases the concentration of OH-, 28. In humans, a hereditary disorder called xeroderma vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory causing the mitochondria to pump H+ to pigmentosum (XP) can result in the inability to

the intermembrane space. repair vesicleultraviolet Æ cell damage surface to DNA. Which of the following molecular lesions is most likely to (B) It increases the OH- concentration (A) I only 3. Stabilizationaccrue in individuals of the unique with XP?coiled structure in the mitochondria matrix. (B) III only of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) It increases the acid concentration (C) IV only attributed(A) Thymine to dimers (D) I inand the II mitochondriaonly matrix. (B) Deamination of cytosine (E)(D) II,It increases III, and IV diffusion of H+ from the (A)(C) hydrogenDepurination bonding between the peptide intermembrane space to the matrix. (D) Singlebackbone strand atoms DNA breaks (E) It causes a decrease in H+ in the (B)(E) disulfideDouble strand bridges DNA between breaks cysteine side intermembrane space. chains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST Time—170 minutes 194 Questions

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. 29. Portions of the DNA sequences of normal and mutant b-globin genes are shown above. The most plausible explanation for why the indicated mutation (changing an A to a G) results in the disease b-thalassemia is that 1. the Which mutation of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through form hydrogen bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following (A) changes the amino acid specified by the codon of which theorders? altered base is part (B) generates a recognition site for a restriction enzyme, so the gene is cut in two (C) creates a new splice site, so that a portion of the intron is not(A) removed Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (D) results in an increase in the transcription of the b-globin gene Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (E) results in a translation stop codon being created at the site of thecell mutation surface (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ

Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ

cell surface 30. Which of the following is encoded by the src 32. Monoclonal antisera are distinguished from oncogene and catalyzes the specific addition (C)polyclonal Golgi cisternaeantisera in Æ which ER transport of the following vesicle Æ of phosphate groups to cellular proteins? ways?smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (A) Protein phosphatase (A) Each type of antibody in a monoclonal (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (B) Adenylate cyclase antiserum reacts against a single region of (C) G protein-linked receptor rougha single ER antigen; Æ secretory each type vesicle of antibody Æ in a (D) Tyrosine kinase cellpolyclonal surface antiserum reacts against multiple (E) Homeobox transcription factor (E) Roughregions ER of Æ different smooth antigens. ER Æ Golgi transport (B) Avesicle monoclonal Æ Golgi antibody cisternae reacts Æ againstsecretory 31. Mutation of homeotic cluster genes often results vesiclemultiple Æ regions cell surface of a single antigen; a in which of the following developmental defects polyclonal antibody reacts against a single in(A) Drosophila I only ? 3. Stabilizationregion ofof relatedthe unique antigens. coiled structure (B) III only (C) A monoclonal antiserum contains antibodies (A) Absence of a group of contiguous segments of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only secreted from the descendants of a single B (B) Transformation of one segment into another attributed to (D) I and II only lymphocyte; a polyclonal antiserum (C) Polarity defects in every segment along (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogencontains bondingantibodies between secreted the from peptide the the anterior-posterior axis backbonedescendants atoms of different B lymphocytes. (D) Tumor formation in imaginal discs (B)(D) disulfideA monoclonal bridges antiserum between contains cysteine antibodies side (E) Absence of every other segment along chainssecreted from the descendants of a single B the anterior-posterior axis (C) carbohydratelymphocyte; moieties a polyclonal attached antiserum to polar aminocontains acids antibodies secreted from the (D) peptidedescendants linkages of boththat covalentlyB and T bond amino acidslymphocytes. (E) anA monoclonalabundance ofantiserum amino acids is produced with electrically by the chargeddescendants side ofchains a single B lymphocyte; a polyclonal antiserum is produced by the descendants of a single T lymphocyte.

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BIOLOGY TEST 33. Which of the following most accurately describesTime—170 minutes36. If the activity of an enzyme is constant over a a retrotransposon? broad range of pH values, it is likely that 194 Questions (A) A DNA sequence that can move from (A) only ionizing groups on the enzyme one site in the genome to another without participate in the reaction Directions:replicating Each of the questions or incomplete statements below(B) is followed only ionizing by five groups suggested on the answers substrate or completions.(B) A DNA Select sequence the one that that can is bestbe deleted in each from case and then completely participatefill in the corresponding in the reaction space on the answer sheet.the genome without consequence (C) ionizing groups on both the enzyme and (C) A DNA sequence that replicates via an RNA substrate participate in the reaction intermediate (D) no ionizing groups on the enzyme or 1. (D) Which A DNAof the sequence following that pairs replicates of molecules via a proteinwould 2. Proteinssubstrate destined participate to be secreted in the move reaction through form hydrogenintermediate bonds? (E)the secretorythe temperature pathway should in which be changed of the following in order to (E) A DNA sequence that causes orders?observe a pH effect base-substitution mutations at some other (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ site on the chromosome Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface 34. Which of the following cells are typically (B) Rough ER Golgi transport vesicle necessary for the production of a maximal Æ Æ humoral response upon initial exposure to Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ a protein antigen? cell surface (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (A) B lymphocytes only smooth ER secretory vesicle (B) T lymphocytes only Æ Æ (C) B lymphocytes and dendritic cells only cell surface (D) B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes only (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (E) B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and dendritic rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cells cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

(A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B) III only 37. ofWhich an alpha of the helix following in a protein developmental is primarily processes (C) IV only attributed to (D) I and II only has been most recently completed in the (E) II, III, and IV (A)amphibian hydrogen embryo bonding shown between above? the peptide (A) Neurulationbackbone atoms 35. The figure above shows an intact linear DNA (B) disulfideCleavage bridges between cysteine side segment from two subspecies (lanes X and Y) (C) Blastulachains formation and the same DNA segments digested by EcoRI (C)(D) carbohydrateGastrulation moieties attached to polar ¢ ¢ (lanes X and Y ), separated on an electrophoretic (E) Segmentationamino acids gel. Which of the following is the simplest (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino explanation for the difference between the DNA 38. Whichacids of the following plant cells undergoes segments of the two subspecies? (E)programmed an abundance cell death of amino to become acids withfunctional? electrically charged side chains (A) X’s DNA segment lacks any restriction sites. (A) Phloem sieve tube member (B) Y’s DNA segment has one EcoRI restriction (B) Xylem vessel member site; X’s has none. (C) Stomatal guard cell (C) Y’s DNA segment has two EcoRI restriction (D) Root cap cell sites; X’s has only one. (E) Bundle sheath cell (D) The Y segment has fewer nucleotides than the X segment. (E) X has less DNA than Y does.

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BIOLOGY TEST 39. Which of the following provides visual evidenceTime—170 minutes43. Experiments on song development in birds have of genetic recombination during meiosis? shown that when a young male reared in isolation 194 Questions hears only the song of a different bird species, he (A) Centromeres will develop an adult song repertoire that lacks (B) Synaptonemal complexes certain characteristics typical of his own species. Directions:(C) Haploid Each nuclei of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or This result shows that the song of his species completions.(D) Chiasmata Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the is most likely answer(E) sheet.Secondary constrictions (A) entirely learned during development 40. A plant that possesses swimming sperm, xylem (B) entirely instinctive 1. Whichwith tracheids, of the following independent pairs gametophyte of molecules and would 2. Proteins(C) both destined instinctive to beand secreted learned move through sporophyteform hydrogen phases, bonds? and no seeds is probably the(D) secretorydependent pathway upon hormones in which forof theproper following most closely related to orders?development (E) dependent upon the presence of a female (A) mosses (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ

(B) pines Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ

(C) ferns cell surface (D) liverworts (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (E) flowering plants Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface 41. The ability of the brain to detect differences in (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ stimulus intensity is best explained by the fact that smooth ER secretory vesicle which of the following varies with the stimulus Æ Æ intensity? cell surface (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (A) The amplitude of the action potential rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (B) The threshold potential cell surface (C) The number of action potentials per second 44. (E)In Zea Rough mays ER the Æ diploid smooth chromosome ER Æ Golgi number transport (D) The number of synapses crossed equals 20. In which of the following tissues of vesicle Golgi cisternae secretory (E) The final destination of the action potential the plant wouldÆ the cell division Æillustrated in the diagramvesicle above Æ occur? cell surface 42. How do cyanobacteria differ from green (A)unicellular I only algae? 3. Stabilization(A) Apical meristem of the unique coiled structure (B) III only of(B) an Anther alpha helix in a protein is primarily (A) Cyanobacteria reduce sulfur compounds. (C) IV only attributed(C) Cambium to (D)(B) Cyanobacteria I and II only lack cell walls. (D) Sepal (E)(C) II,Cyanobacteria III, and IV have no nuclei. (A)(E) hydrogenRoot primordia bonding between the peptide (D) Green algae produce cell membranes. backbone atoms (E) Green algae contain lipids. 45. (B)Which disulfide of the followingbridges between is the correct cysteine anatomical side order ofchains structures in the mammalian female (C)reproductive carbohydrate tract? moieties attached to polar amino acids (D)(A) peptideOviduct, linkages uterus, rete,that covalentlyvagina bond amino (B) Oviduct,acids epididymis, uterus, vagina (E)(C) anOvary, abundance oviduct, of uterus, amino vaginaacids with electrically (D) Ovary,charged uterus, side chainsvagina, rete (E) Ovary, epididymis, oviduct, uterus

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BIOLOGY TEST 46. Which of the following sources makes the Time—170 minutes48. Both C4 and CAM plants employ physiological greatest contribution to the dry mass of organic and biochemical strategies to reduce 194 Questions matter that comprises an oak tree? photorespiration. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two strategies? (A) Organic molecules from decaying matter Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or in the soil that are taken up by the roots (A) C4 plants fix CO2 as the 4-carbon acid completions.(B) Mineral Select nutrients the one dissolved that is best in groundwaterin each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. oxaloacetate, while CAM plants fix CO2 that are taken up by the roots as the 5-carbon acid ribulose 1, (C) Water that is taken up by the roots and carbon 5-bisphosphate. dioxide from the air 1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through (D) Endosperm located in the cotyledons of (B) C4 plants fix CO2 in the mesophyll but carry form hydrogenthe acorn bonds? the secretoryout the pathwayCalvin cycle in which in the of bundle the following sheath, orders? (E) Light that is absorbed by the chloroplasts of while CAM plants fix CO2 and carry out the leaf cells (A) SmoothCalvin ERcycle Æ in Golgi the mesophyll. transport vesicle Æ

(C) C4Golgi plants cisternae fix CO 2Æ in secretory the bundle vesicle sheath Æ but 47. In an experiment, the first cleavage plane of an cell surface amphibian zygote was manipulated so that the carry out the Calvin cycle in the mesophyll, (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ gray crescent was contained in only one of the while CAM plants fix CO2 and carry out the two blastomeres that result from the first GolgiCalvin cisternae cycle in theÆ secretorybundle sheath. vesicle Æ cleavage. The two blastomeres were then (D) C4cell plants surface store CO as phosphoglycolate, (C) Golgi cisternae ER2 transport vesicle separated. What is the expected fate of the while CAM plantsÆ store CO as Æ blastomeres? smooth ER secretory vesicle2 oxaloacetate.Æ Æ cell surface (A) The blastomere with the gray crescent will (E) C4 plants carry out photosynthetic electron (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ grow in size more quickly than the one transport in the daytime, while CAM plants without the gray crescent. rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (B) The blastomere with the gray crescent will cellcarry surface out photosynthetic electron transport form a complete, but small, embryo. (E) Roughat night. ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport

(C) The blastomere without the gray crescent will vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory 49. Double fertilization is a unique feature of flowering form a complete, but small, embryo. vesicle Æ cell surface (D) The blastomere with the gray crescent will plants. In this process, one sperm unites with the egg to yield a zygote. The second sperm unites (A) I stoponly dividing and die before the second 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B) IIIcleavage. only with the polar nuclei to initiate the formation of anthe alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C)(E) The IV only blastomere without the gray crescent will attributed to (D) I developand II only into a complete embryo with (A) megagametophyte (E) II,reversed III, and dorsal-ventralIV polarity. (A)(B) hydrogenendodermis bonding between the peptide (C) embryobackbone atoms (B)(D) disulfideendosperm bridges between cysteine side (E) epicotylchains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST 50. The crouching of very young birds in responseTime—170 minutes53. Evidence that sea urchins are more closely related to a predator’s shape overhead is an example of to frogs than they are to snails is that echinoderms 194 Questions and chordates share which of the following (A) a conditioned response embryological features? (B) a fixed action pattern Directions:(C) an imprinted Each of thebehavior questions or incomplete statements below(A) is followed An embryonic by five notochord suggested disappearsanswers or by completions.(D) learned Select behavior the one that is best in each case and then completely thefill adultin the stage. corresponding space on the answer(E) sheet.habituation (B) Larvae undergo metamorphosis. (C) Early embryos are unable to compensate 51. A healthy person sitting at rest consciously begins for missing cells. 1. to Which breathe of thetoo following fast. Which pairs of theof molecules following would 2. Proteins(D) Dermis destined arises to from be secreted somites. move through describesform hydrogen the change bonds? in the person’s blood the(E) secretoryThe pore pathway that forms in thewhich mouth of the develops following caused by this hyperventilation? orders?after the pore that forms the anus.

(A) A decrease in partial pressure of carbon (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ

dioxide and an increase in concentration Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ of hydrogen ions cell surface (B) A decrease in partial pressure of carbon (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ dioxide and a decrease in concentration Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ of hydrogen ions cell surface (C) An increase in partial pressure of carbon (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ dioxide and an increase in concentration smooth ER secretory vesicle of hydrogen ions Æ Æ (D) An increase in partial pressure of carbon cell surface dioxide and a decrease in concentration (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ of hydrogen ions rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (E) An increase in partial pressure of carbon cell surface dioxide and an unchanged concentration 54. (E)The graphs Rough aboveER Æ showsmooth the ER amount Æ Golgi of ATP transport and of hydrogen ions NADPHvesicle in isolated Æ Golgi chloroplasts cisternae Æonce secretory these organelles are given light, and then later, after vesicle cell surface exposure to a Æherbicide. Based on the evidence 52. Which of the following would increase the rate at (A)which I only a gas diffuses between the alveoli of the presented in the graphs, it can be concluded that 3. Stabilizationthis herbicide of affects the unique photosynthesis coiled structure by (B)lung IIIand only the blood within a pulmonary capillary? of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C)(A) Decreasing IV only the partial pressure gradient attributed(A) altering to the movement of H+ across (D) I ofand the II gasonly membranes of mitochondria (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide (B) Decreasing the solubility of the gas in water (B) altering the movement of H+ across backbone atoms (C) Increasing the total surface area available (B) disulfidemembranes bridges of chloroplasts between cysteine side + for diffusion (C) inhibitingchains the reduction of NADP (D) Decreasing the rate of blood flow through (C)(D) carbohydrateinhibiting the moietiesoxidation attached of NADH to polar the pulmonary capillary (E) inhibitingamino acids the oxidation of NADPH (E) Increasing the thickness of the respiratory (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino membrane acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST 55. All of the following statements about Time—170 minutes57. Many marine birds drink seawater yet maintain muscle contraction are true EXCEPT: their internal osmolarity at a constant level that is 194 Questions hypoosmotic to seawater. Which of the following (A) The ends of actin filaments move closer physiological strategies best explains how the together. birds maintain their tissue osmolarity? Directions:(B) The lengthEach of of the myosin questions filaments or inco doesmplete not statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions.change. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely(A) Marine fill in birdsthe corresponding absorb water spacefrom theon the answer(C) sheet.Calcium-troponin binding precedes environment through specialized actin-myosin binding. salt-exchange glands and produce large (D) Calcium-tropomyosin binding precedes volumes of dilute urine in the kidneys. 1. Whichactin-myosin of the following binding. pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins(B) Marine destined birds toabsorb be secreted salts from move the through (E)form ATP hydrogen hydrolysis bonds? precedes actin-myosin the secretoryenvironment pathway through in which specialized of the following binding. orders?salt-exchange glands and produce large (A) Smoothvolumes ER of Æ concentrated Golgi transport urine vesicle in the Æ 56. Mouse sperm contain receptor proteins that bind Golgikidneys. cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ to a glycoprotein (ZP3) in the zona pellucida of (C) Marinecell surface birds excrete salts through specialized mouse eggs. Binding of ZP3 receptors to ZP3 salt-exchange glands and excrete small (B) Rough ER Golgi transport vesicle initiates the sperm’s acrosomal reaction. All of volumes ofÆ urine. Æ the following experimental observations would be (D) MarineGolgi cisternaebirds excrete Æ secretory salts and vesiclenitrogenous Æ expected EXCEPT: cellwastes surface through specialized nasal glands. (C)(E) GolgiMarine cisternae birds sequester Æ ER transport salts in specialized vesicle Æ (A) Injecting eggs with antibodies that bind smoothsalt glands ER and secretorysecrete nitrogenous vesicle wastes to ZP3 blocks in vitro fertilization. Æ Æ primarily into the gut. (B) Incubating sperm with purified ZP3 prior cell surface

to mixing sperm and eggs blocks in vitro (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ 58. A stem-boring beetle has laid its eggs in the fertilization. rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ center of a 5-year-old wood twig, and the eggs (C) Incubating eggs with antibodies that bind cell surface have matured into larvae. In proper order (inside to ZP3 blocks in vitro fertilization. (E) Rough ER smooth ER Golgi transport to outside), whatÆ tissues and tissueÆ regions would (D) Coating synthetic beads with a different the larvaevesicle encounter Æ Golgi as cisternaethey eat theirÆ secretory way toward glycoprotein, ZP2, fails to lead to sperm the outsidevesicle of Æ the cell twig? surface (For simplicity, assume aggregation on the beads. that the epidermis has already fallen off (E) Coating synthetic beads with ZP3 leads (A) I only 3. Stabilizationcompletely.) of the unique coiled structure (B) IIIto only sperm aggregation on the beads. of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed(A) Pith; primaryto xylem; secondary xylem; (D) I and II only vascular cambium; primary phloem; (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogensecondary bonding phloem; between cortex the peptide (B) Pith;backbone secondary atoms xylem; primary xylem; (B) disulfidevascular bridges cambium; between secondary cysteine phloem; side chainsprimary phloem; cortex (C) carbohydratePith; secondary moieties xylem; attached primary toxylem; polar aminovascular acids cambium; primary phloem; (D) peptidesecondary linkages phloem; that cortexcovalently bond amino (D) Pith;acids primary xylem; secondary xylem; (E) anvascular abundance cambium; of amino secondary acids with phloem; electrically chargedcortex; primary side chains phloem (E) Pith; primary xylem; secondary xylem; vascular cambium; secondary phloem; primary phloem; cortex

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BIOLOGY TEST 59. During the mammalian cardiac cycle, a volumeTime—170 minutes60. Which of the following tissues in an actively of blood equivalent to ventricular stroke volume photosynthesizing plant would have the highest 194 Questions is transferred from the more compliant venous rate of oxygen production? side to the less compliant arterial side of the (A) Cortex circulation. In terms of pressures within the Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below(B) is followed Palisade by mesophyll five suggested answers or venous and arterial compartments, this transfer completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely(C) Epidermis fill in the corresponding space on the results in answer sheet. (D) Vascular cambium (A) no change in pressure in either compartment (E) Endodermis (B) no effect on venous pressure and a small 1. Whichincrease of the following in arterial pairs pressure of molecules would 61.2. ProteinsWhich of destined the following to be secreted is a correct move statement through (C)form an hydrogen increase bonds? in venous pressure and an equal theabout secretory the cohesion-tension pathway in which theory of forthe thefollowing ascent but opposite decrease in arterial pressure orders?of water in the xylem? (D) little effect on venous pressure and a large (A) The Smooth evaporation ER Æ Golgi of water transport from vesicleleaf Æ increase in arterial pressure Golgimesophyll cisternae cells Ægenerates secretory tension vesicle in Æthe (E) a decrease in venous pressure and an equal cellwater surface column. but opposite increase in arterial pressure (B) Water Rough movesER fromGolgi a transportsource region vesicle with high Æ Æ Golgihydrostatic cisternae pressure Æ secretory to a sink vesicle region Æwith celllow surfacehydrostatic pressure. (C) GolgiThe cohesion cisternae of Æ water ER transportmolecules vesicle is Æ responsible for the formation of embolisms smooth ER secretory vesicle (air bubbles)Æ in the water column.Æ (D) Livingcell surface cells of the xylem provide the main (D) Golgiconduit cisternae for an Æascent ER transportof water. vesicle Æ (E) Turgorrough pressureER Æ secretory prevents vesicle the collapse Æ cellof xylem surface cells that are under tension. (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

(A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B) III only of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed to (D) I and II only (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbone atoms (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side chains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains 62. A transverse section of a leaf is represented in the diagram above. Transpiration in the leaf depends on the transport of potassium ions (A) into O (B) into P (C) from M to L (D) from M to Q (E) from P to L

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BIOLOGY TEST 63. Which of the following is the symplastic pathwayTime—170 minutes66. All of the following statements about plant for the movement of sucrose from the site of embryogenesis are correct EXCEPT: 194 Questions photosynthesis in mesophyll cells into the (A) The suspensor is derived from the basal cell. phloem? (B) Cotyledons are derived from the apical cell. Directions:(A) Fibers, Each phloem of the parenchyma, questions or companionincomplete cell,statements below(C) is followed Shoot apical by five meristem suggested formation answers occurs or after completions.sieve Select tube the one that is best in each case and then completely seedfill in formation. the corresponding space on the answer(B) sheet.Phloem parenchyma, fibers, bundle sheath, (D) Precursors of all three plant tissue systems tracheids are formed during embryogenesis. (C) Companion cells, phloem parenchyma, fibers, (E) Late stages of embryogenesis involve 1. Whichsieve of the tube following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteinsdesiccation destined toof beembryonic secreted tissues.move through (D)form Bundle hydrogen sheath, bonds? phloem parenchyma, the secretory pathway in which of the following companion cell, sieve tube 67. Inorders? an experiment, a plant cell was placed into a (E) Bundle sheath, companion cell, fibers, (A)medium Smooth containing ER Æ Golgia 1.0 m transportM concentration vesicle Æ of ++ sieve tube Ca .Golgi The electrochemical cisternae Æ secretory potential vesicle across Æ the plasmacell membrane surface was measured at -110 mV. 64. In plants, proton pumps are involved in the (B)The Nernst Rough equationER Æ Golgi predicted transport that vesicle the Æ process of loading sugars into the phloem for intracellular concentration of Ca++ would be transport. Which of the following is true about Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ 5,400 mM. The actual concentration of Ca++ in this process? cell surface (C)the cell Golgi was cisternae 1.5 mM .Æ This ER value transport suggests vesicle that Æ (A) It is passive. calcium smooth ER secretory vesicle (B) It depends on DNA. Æ Æ (A) is actively transported into the cell (C) It requires ATP. cell surface (B) is not transported across the (D) It translocates starch. (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ plasma membrane (E) It is an oxidation/reduction reaction. rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (C) is passively transported out of the cell cell surface (D) is actively transported out of the cell 65. According to the pressure-flow model of (E) Rough ER smooth ER Golgi transport (E) diffuses freelyÆ across the plasmaÆ membrane movement of phloem contents, photosynthate vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory movement from source to sink is driven by 68. Whichvesicle of the Æfollowing cell surface statements about fungi (A) an ATP-dependent pressure-flow pump is NOT true? (A)(B) a I onlywater-pressure potential gradient 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (A) They all are eukaryotic. (B)(C) IIItranspiration only of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (B) They all have rigid cell walls. (C)(D) IVapoplastic only diffusion attributed to (C) Most are filamentous. (D)(E) a I andpH gradientII only (A)(D) hydrogenSome are photosynthetic.bonding between the peptide (E) II, III, and IV (E) Manybackbone are capable atoms of both sexual and asexual (B) disulfidereproduction. bridges between cysteine side chains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST Time—170 minutes71. Which of the following is a benefit that mycorrhizal fungi confer to many plants? 194 Questions (A) They protect plant roots from desiccation in extremely dry habitats. Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below(B) is followed They fix by nitrogen, five suggested which is answers particularly or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely importantfill in the correspondingfor plants in nitrogen-limited space on the answer sheet. habitats. (C) They provide access to phosphorus, an essential element that is limited in many 1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteinskinds destined of soils. to be secreted move through form hydrogen bonds? the(D) secretoryThey provide pathway carbon in which to plants of thein exchangefollowing 69. Barley seeds are divided in half, as shown in the orders? diagram above, and the halves containing only for fixed nitrogen. endosperm and aleurone are then treated with (A)(E) They Smooth produce ER Æ toxins Golgi thattransport kill the vesicle roots Æof different concentrations of gibberellin. After Golgineighboring cisternae plants Æ secretorycompeting vesicle for soil Æ 8 hours of incubation, reducing sugars appear cellresources. surface

and a calibration curve is developed for the (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ relation between gibberellin concentration and 72. Short-term changes in plant growth rate mediated Golgi cisternae secretory vesicle the production of reducing sugars. by the plant hormone Æauxin are hypothesizedÆ to resultcell from surface The most important reason for removing the (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (A) loss of turgor pressure in the affected cells embryo of the seeds used in the experiment is to smooth ER secretory vesicle (B) increased extensibilityÆ of the wallsÆ of (A) prevent the seeds from germinating during cellaffected surface cells the experiment (D)(C) Golgisuppression cisternae of metabolic Æ ER transport activity vesicle in affected Æ (B) facilitate the absorption of gibberellin into roughcells ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ the cut seeds (D) cytoskeletalcell surface rearrangements in the affected (C) remove the natural source of gibberellin (E) Roughcells ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport (D) prevent the inhibition of gibberellin activity (E) enlargementvesicle Golgi of the cisternae vacuoles of secretoryaffected cells (E) remove the glucose contained in the embryo Æ Æ vesicle Æ cell surface 73. A prokaryote that is thermophilic and 70. Which of the following would be the most (A) I only 3. Stabilizationmethanogenic of and the has unique isoprenylglycerol coiled structure ethers (B)dependable III only environmental signal that a plant in its membrane instead of phospholipids is most in a temperate ecosystem could use to initiate of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributedlikely to (D)flowering I and IIat onlythe correct time of the year? (A) hydrogena proteobacterium bonding between the peptide (E)(A) Circadian II, III, and rhythmIV (B) a spirochete (B) Photoperiod backbone atoms (B)(C) disulfidea member bridges of the genusbetween Chlamydia cysteine side (C) Changing air temperature (D) an archaeon (D) Fluctuations in abscisic acid levels chains (C)(E) carbohydratea rickettsia moieties attached to polar (E) Changing amounts of precipitation amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST 74. Antibiotics that affect bacterial cells interfereTime—170 minutes80. Which of the following is a reason that geneticists with all of the following EXCEPT use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to study the 194 Questions relatedness of animal populations? (A) peptidoglycan synthesis (B) protein synthesis (A) mtDNA mutates at a slower rate than Directions:(C) DNA Each synthesis of the questions or incomplete statements below is followednuclear by DNA. five suggested answers or completions.(D) reverse Select transcriptase the one that is best in each case and then completely(B) mtDNA fill in the is passed corresponding from mother space to on child the answer(E) sheet.RNA polymerase and is free from recombination that occurs between pairs of chromosomes. 75. Which of the following characteristics (C) There are few single nucleotide polymor 1. distinguishes Which of the followingangiosperms pairs from of moleculesgymnosperms? would 2. Proteinsphisms destined in the to hypervariable,be secreted move noncoding through form hydrogen bonds? the secretoryregions. pathway in which of the following (A) Perennial growth orders?(D) All mitochondrial proteins are coded for by (B) True roots mitochondrial genes. (C) Apical growth (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (E) A large percentage of the mitochondrial (D) Seeds enclosed in ovaries Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ genome codes for proteins, and thus the (E) Vascular cambium that produces phloem cell surface majority of retained mutations are neutral. and xylem (B) Rough ER Golgi transport vesicle Æ Æ

81. All of Golgithe following cisternae characteristics Æ secretory vesicle are typical Æ 76. In fungi, cell walls are reinforced by which of the of r-selectedcell surface species EXCEPT following? (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (A) high reproductive rate (A) Chitin smooth ER secretory vesicle (B) small body sizeÆ Æ (B) Silica (C) occupancycell surface of unstable environments (C) Lignin (D) Golgiminimal cisternae parental Æ care ER transport vesicle Æ (D) Collagen fibers (E) highrough competitive ER Æ secretory ability vesicle Æ (E) Microtubules cell surface

82. Which(E) Rough of the ER following smooth active ER pools Golgi of carbontransport 77. Ferns undergo alternation of generations in which a Æ Æ is the largestvesicle onÆ EarthGolgi andcisternae contributes Æ secretory (A) dominant sporophyte alternates with an the mostvesicle to carbon Æ cell cycling? surface independent gametophyte (A) The atmosphere (B) dominant gametophyte alternates with a (A) I only 3. Stabilization(B) Rain-forest of thevegetation unique coiled structure dependent sporophyte (B) III only of(C) an Recoverable alpha helix infossil a protein fuels is primarily (C) sporophyte and a gametophyte have equal life (C) IV only attributed(D) Dead toorganic matter in soils spans (D) I and II only (E) The oceans (D) gametophyte produces gametes by meiosis (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide (E) II, III, and IV (E) gametophyte alternates with a haploid zygote backbone atoms 83. Which of the following characteristics is predicted (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side for an early-successional plant community? 78. Mammals are homeostatic for all of the following chains EXCEPT (C)(A) carbohydrateHigh niche divergence moieties attachedamong co-occurring to polar aminospecies acids (A) body temperature (D)(B) peptideHigh ratios linkages of primary that covalently production bond amino (B) blood glucose concentration acidsto standing-crop biomass (C) blood pH (E)(C) anHigh abundance frequency of of amino K-selected acids withspecies electrically (D) metabolic rate (D) Highcharged detrital side biomass chains (E) blood calcium concentration (E) Slow nutrient cycling, with most nutrients

tied up in plant biomass 79. Which of the following statements is true of air

as compared to water ? (A) Air provides more physical support. (B) Air has a higher O2 concentration. (C) Air offers more resistance to motion. (D) Air has more thermal inertia. (E) Air has lower rates of gas diffusion.

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BIOLOGY TEST 84. An aspect of the natural world that developedTime—170 minutes86. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium generally assumes primarily as a result of biological processes is all of the following EXCEPT 194 Questions Earth’s (A) a large population (A) O -rich atmosphere (B) genetic drift Directions:2 Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or (B) CO -rich atmosphere (C) random mating completions.2 Select the one that is best in each case and then completely(D) absence fill in theof selectioncorresponding space on the answer(C) sheet.water cycle (E) absence of migration

(D) seasonality 87. Most of the world’s major deserts occur in two 1. (E) Which tectonic of the processesfollowing pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through latitudinal bands that are centered at 30∞ north form hydrogen bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following andorders? 30∞ south latitude. This pattern is best explained by (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (A) rain shadows of major mountain ranges that Golgi cisternae secretory vesicle occur at those latitudesÆ Æ (B) patternscell surface of continental drift in the last (B) Rough65 million ER Æ years Golgi transport vesicle Æ (C) globalGolgi climate cisternae changes Æ secretory that have vesicle occurred Æ cellin the surface last century (C)(D) Golgilatitudinal cisternae variation Æ ER in transportsoil characteristics vesicle Æ (E) majorsmooth patterns ER Æ of secretory atmospheric vesicle circulation Æ cellabove surface and below the equator (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ rough ER secretory vesicle Æ Æ cell surface 85. The graph above shows the photosynthetic (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport response of three coexisting plant species, X, vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory Y, and Z, to a gradient of light intensity. Based vesicle Æ cell surface on these response curves, which of the following (A)is most I only likely true? 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B) III only (A) Species Y is the tallest of the three. of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only (B) Species Y should outcompete species Z attributed to (D) I and II only in all light environments. (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide (C) Species X is the superior competitor backbone atoms in deep shade. (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side (D) Species X has been artificially selected for chains high yield. (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar (E) Removal of species X should allow the amino acids population of species Z to increase greatly. (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST Time—170 minutes 194 Questions

vesicle Æ cell surface 88. The figures above show the results of an experiment in which two microbial species, A and B, were grown (A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B)in three III onlytreatments. In treatment I, species A was grown alone. In treatment II, species B was grown alone. In treatment III, both species were grown together at the same startingof an alpha densities helix inas ain protein (I) and is (II). primarily The results (C) IV only attributed to (D)suggest I and the II interaction only is best described as (E)(A) competitive II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide (B) commensal backbone atoms (C) parasitic (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side (D) predatory chains (E) mutualistic (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino 89. The process in which pioneer species colonize 90. Naturalacids enemies have been implicated as a strong a bare substrate such as rock, sand, or glacial till (E)selective an abundance force for allof aminoof the followingacids with EXCEPT electrically is known as charged side chains (A) aposematic coloration (A) weathering (B) chemical defenses (B) stabilizing succession (C) masting (synchronous fruiting) (C) secondary succession (D) lekking behavior (D) primary succession (E) immune responses (E) cyclic succession

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 91. Gene flow between populations results in 95. In Sweden, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) severely 194 Questions limits populations of its prey, including hares. (A) an increase in genetic homogeneity in However, red fox populations are sometimes the metapopulation attacked by a fatal parasite, the mange mite. As Directions:(B) an increase Each of in the the questions rate of deleterious or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or mite population sizes increase at a given site, how completions.mutations Select thein the one metapopulation that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the are hare and fox populations most likely to answer(C) sheet.an increased likelihood of speciation respond at the same site? (Assume that hares have (D) disruption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium no major predators at this site other than foxes.) in the metapopulation 1. Which(E) an ofenhancement the following of pairsthe effects of molecules of group would 2. Proteins(A) Both destined fox and tohare be populationssecreted move will through decrease. form hydrogenselection inbonds? each population (B)the secretoryBoth fox pathwayand hare inpopulations which of the will following increase. (C)orders? Fox populations will decrease and hare 92. Keystone species are thought to have profound populations will increase. (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ effects on the structure and composition of (D) Fox populations will increase and hare ecological communities because they populationsGolgi cisternae will Æ decrease. secretory vesicle Æ (E) Foxcell populations surface will decrease but hare (A) tend to reduce diversity by eliminating (B) Roughpopulations ER Æ willGolgi be transport unaffected. vesicle Æ food resources for other species Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (B) provide the foundation for food webs cell surface (C) are more abundant than most other species in their communities (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (D) have unusually narrow niche requirements smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (E) can prevent superior competitors from cell surface driving inferior competitors to local (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ extinction rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface 93. Among primates, a high degree of sexual (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport dimorphism in a species usually indicates intense vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory competition between vesicle Æ cell surface (A) males in order to obtain individual food (A) I resourcesonly 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B) males III only in order to obtain mates of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IVfemales only in order to obtain individual food 96. attributedThe figure to above shows population growth (D) I resourcesand II only trajectories over time (as indicated by the arrows) (D)(E) females II, III, and in IVorder to obtain mates (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide of twobackbone stored-grain atoms beetle species when grown (E) females in order to provide food for offspring together under constant conditions. Three (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side experimentschains were performed that differed only 94. A species of small rodent eats seeds from only in the initial densities of the two species. Which one species of pine. In normal years, a pair of (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar of the aminofollowing acids is the best interpretation of the these rodents will have a litter of two or three. experimental results? It is unusual for small rodents to have such (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino small litter sizes. The rodents are most likely (A) Populationacids growth is random (unpredictable) to exhibit which other characteristic? (E) anfor abundance each species. of amino acids with electrically (B) Nocharged equilibrium side chains exists in which both species (A) Moderate sexual size dimorphism can coexist. (B) High parental investment (C) Interspecific competition is stronger than (C) Precocial young intraspecific competition. (D) Frequent extrapair matings (D) Density dependence within each species is (E) Infanticide by wandering male rodents stronger than interspecific competition. (E) No conclusion can be drawn from the information presented.

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 97. Aggressive ants live in the swollen thorns of 100. The A-B-O blood group locus in humans a small tropical tree and feed on oil-rich bodies 194 Questions contains 3 alleles. In the Japanese population, the that the tree produces at the tips of its leaflets. frequencies of these alleles, IA, IB, and i, Directions:Which of Each the following of the questions experiments or inco bestmplete tests statements beloware is followedapproximately by five 0.28, suggested 0.17, and answers 0.55, or completions.the hypothesis Select that the antsone defendthat is best the plantin each by case either and then completelyrespectively. fill in the If thecorresponding Japanese population space on isthe killing or chasing away leaf-feeding insects? answer sheet. in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this locus, (A) Remove ants and measure subsequent which of the following is closest to the expected leaf damage. frequency of heterozygotes at this locus in the 1. (B) Which Remove of the oil-richfollowing bodies pairs and of molecules measure would 2. ProteinsJapanese destined population? to be secreted move through form hydrogensubsequent bonds? ant density. the secretory pathway in which of the following (C) Remove the thorns and measure subsequent orders?(A) 0.05 density of ants. (B) 0.15 (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (D) Remove leaf-feeding insects and measure (C) 0.41 subsequent ant density. (D) 0.59Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (E) Remove leaf-feeding insects and measure (E) 0.74cell surface subsequent plant growth. (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ 101. WhichGolgi of the cisternae following Æ is secretory a biological vesicle attribute Æ 98. Which of the following factors does NOT that wouldcell surface most likely allow a species to become promote linkage disequilibrium? (C)cosmopolitan Golgi cisternae in distribution? Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (A) Asexual reproduction (A) Extremesmooth habitatER Æ secretoryspecialization vesicle Æ (B) Coadapted gene complexes (B) K-selectedcell surface reproductive rate (C) Epistasis (D)(C) GolgiLimited cisternae dispersal Æ abilities ER transport vesicle Æ (D) Population subdivision (D) Rarityrough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (E) Random mating (E) Capacitycell surface for long-distance dispersal

(E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport 99. A species of goose nests on both cliffs and vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory beaches near the ocean. Soon after hatching, all chicks must make their way to the ocean. vesicle Æ cell surface Chicks from cliff nests must tumble down the (A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B)cliff IIIto getonly to the ocean, and many are killed by the fall. Which of the following is most consistent of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed to (D)with Ithe and hypothesis II only that cliff nesting is adaptive (E)in this II, goose III, and species? IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide (A) Many more geese nest on the beaches than backbone atoms on the cliffs. (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side (B) Cliff-side nesting confers a higher fitness chains than does beach nesting. (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar (C) Chicks from cliff nests instinctively step amino acids off the cliffs at the appropriate time. (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino (D) More chicks survive the fall from the cliffs acids than are killed. (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically (E) Closely related goose species do not exhibit charged side chains cliff nesting.

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 102. Hybrids between some related species of plants 103. The concept of punctuated equilibrium refers to are sterile because the parent plants had different194 Questions (A) oscillating ecological successional stages chromosome numbers. Occasionally the (B) ecological succession arrested by sudden chromosome number of such a hybrid plant Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followedenvironmental by five suggested changes, e.g.,answers fire or doubles spontaneously. Which of the following completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely(C) persistent fill in the predator-prey corresponding relationships space on the in best describes the descendants of those plants answer sheet. relatively stable environments with the double chromosome number? (D) bursts of speciation followed by relatively (A) The plant with the double chromosome unchanging lineages 1. Whichnumber of the followingwould be pairsgenetically of molecules defective would and 2. Proteins(E) erratic destined gene-frequency to be secreted changes move due through to genetic form hydrogenhave no descendants. bonds? the secretorydrift pathway in which of the following (B) The descendants would be at a selective orders? advantage because of the increased ability (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ to introgress. (C) The descendants would be reproductively Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ successful because they could backcross cell surface with the parental species. (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (D) The descendants would be at a selective Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ disadvantage because they could not cell surface reproduce asexually. (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (E) The descendants would regain the ability smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ to reproduce sexually because chromosomes cell surface could pair normally. (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ

rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 194 Questions

vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory 105. In which of the following populations would 106. In onevesicle taxonomic Æ cell classification, surface Archaea, the rate of evolution due to random genetic drift Eukarya, and Bacteria represent the three major be(A) the I onlylowest ? (Assume the total number of 3. Stabilizationdomains of life. of theEukarya unique utilize coiled the structure general (B)individuals III only is the same across populations.) oftranscription an alpha helix factors in a TBP protein (TATA-binding is primarily protein) (C) IV only attributedand TFIIB to in transcription, whereas Bacteria do (A) There are more females than males; there is (D) I and II only not. At least one member of Archaea has a protein no difference in reproductive success within (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide (E) II, III, and IV similar to TBP and a protein similar to TFIIB. each sex. backbone atoms Based on this observation, which of the following (B) The numbers of males and females are equal; (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side scenarios is most likely? there is no difference in reproductive chains success within each sex. (C)(A) carbohydrateArchaea and Eukaryamoieties diveattachedrged afterto polar their (C) There are fewer females than males; there is aminocommon acids ancestor diverged from Bacteria. no difference in reproductive success within (D)(B) peptideArchaea linkages and Bacteria that covalently diverged after bond amino each sex. acidstheir common ancestor diverged from (D) The numbers of males and females are equal; (E) anEukarya. abundance of amino acids with electrically a few dominant males get most matings in (C) Bacteriacharged and side Eukarya chains diverged after their each generation. common ancestor diverged from Archaea. (E) The numbers of males and females are equal; (D) Archaea, Eukarya, and Bacteria diverged a few dominant females produce more simultaneously from a common ancestor. progeny in each generation. (E) Archaea, Eukarya, and Bacteria each evolved from different ancestral organisms.

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 107. According to Hamilton’s rule, an altruistic trait 110. In a given population, 1 out of every 400 people can evolve if c < br, where c is the fitness cost 194 Questions has a cancer caused by a completely recessive of the altruistic behavior to the donor, b is the allele, b. Assuming the population is in Hardy- Directions:fitness benefit Each toof the recipient,questions andor inco r ismplete the statements belowWeinberg is followed equilibrium, by five suggested which of answers the following or is the expected proportion of individuals who carry completions.(A) coefficient Select ofthe relatedness one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the the b allele but are not expected to develop the answer(B) sheet.frequency of the altruistic allele cancer? (C) inbreeding coefficient (D) rate of reciprocity (A) 1/400 1. (E) Which return of the on following investment pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins(B) 19/400 destined to be secreted move through form hydrogen bonds? the(C) secretory20/400 pathway in which of the following (D) orders? 38/400 (E) 380/400 (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ

111. WhichGolgi of the cisternae following Æ occurred secretory first vesicle during Æ the separationcell surface of the elements of Pangaea through continental(B) Rough drift?ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (A) Gondwana and Laurasia were formed. cell surface (B) Africa separated from South America. (C) India Golgi collidedcisternae with Æ EREurasia transport to form vesicle Æ smooth ER secretory vesicle the HimalayanÆ mountain chain. Æ (D) Australiacell surface separated from the rest of 108. In the phylogenetic tree above, the grouping that (D) Golgithe continental cisternae Æ landmasses. ER transport vesicle Æ is based on the presence of character C is (E) Antarcticarough ER assumed Æ secretory its current vesicle position Æ at the South Pole. (A) monophyletic cell surface

(B) paraphyletic (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport 112. Which of the following facts was established prior (C) derived vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory to 1859, the year in which Charles Darwin (D) a deme publishedvesicle On Æthe cell Origin surface of Species ? (E) convergent (A) I only 3. Stabilization(A) DNA provides of the uniquethe macromolecular coiled structure basis 109. RNA(B) III is onlythought to have played an important role of an alphaof heredity. helix in a protein is primarily (C)in the IV evolution only of life for which of the following attributed(B) Mendelian to principles explain why some (D)reasons? I and II only traits are dominant and others are recessive. (E) II, III, and IV (A)(C) hydrogenProkaryotes bonding include between two major the domains,peptide I. It occurred in great quantities on early Earth. backbonethe Bacteria atoms and the Archaea. II. It can self-replicate via a complementary (B)(D) disulfideThe age of bridges Earth betweenis more than cysteine 4 billion side years. chain. (E) Therechains exist fossilized remains of species that III. It can catalyze some cellular functions. (C) carbohydratehave become moieties extinct. attached to polar (A) I only amino acids (B) II only (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino (C) III only acids (D) I and II (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically (E) II and III charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes • A terminal extracellular respiratory electron 115. Which of the following adaptations would limit acceptor in some archaea and bacteria 194 Questions pollination by bees and promote hummingbird pollination? • A major component of Precambrian banded Directions:rock formations Each of the that questions are thought or inco to mpletebe linked statements to below(A) is followed Patterns by of fiveultraviolet suggested color answers on the orpetals completions.the rise Select of atmospheric the one that oxygen is best in each case and then completely(B) Modified fill in the petals corresponding to provide space a landing on the space answer sheet. (C) Pendant (hanging) red-colored flowers • A major redox component of both chloroplast (D) Nectar with high sugar concentration and mitochondrial electron transport chains produced in limited amounts 113. 1. Which of the following pairschemical of molecules elements wouldis best 2. Proteins(E) Upright destined petals to fused be secreted to form move a nectar through cup formcharacterized hydrogen by bonds? the above set of statements? the secretory pathway in which of the following 116. Inorders? the formation of the earliest cells, which of the (A) Magnesium following components most likely arose first? (B) Carbon (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (C) Sulfur (A) NucleusGolgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (D) Iron (B) Plasmacell surface membrane (E) Phosphorus (B)(C) RoughMitochondrion ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (D) Flagellum Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (E) Lysosome 114. Which of the following is the best explanation cell surface

for why net primary productivity in terrestrial (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ ecosystems tends to increase toward the tropics? 117. Which of the following statements about excretorysmooth organs ER isÆ true? secretory vesicle Æ (A) The higher species diversity in the tropics cell surface (A) The kidneys of saltwater fishes produce urine tends to increase plant growth. (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (B) There are lower metabolic costs to plant hyperosmotic to their tissues. (B) Therough kidneys ER Æ of secretory desert mammals vesicle Æproduce growth in the tropics. cell surface (C) The availability of water and warm urine that is hypoosmotic to the urine of (E) Rough ER smooth ER Golgi transport temperatures in the tropics fosters freshwaterÆ fishes. Æ photosynthesis. (C) Malpighianvesicle Æ Golgitubules cisternae allow insects Æ secretory to excrete (D) The tropics have more predators that vesiclewaste through Æ cell thesurface exoskeleton. minimize herbivory. (D) Juxtamedullary nephrons in the mammalian (A)(E) The I only tropics have a greater availability of 3. Stabilizationkidney ofallow the theunique organism coiled tostructure produce (B) IIInewly only weathered inorganic nutrients. of an alphahyperosmotic helix in aurine. protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed(E) Metanephridia to are excretory organs that (D) I and II only allow planaria to filter coelomic fluid. (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbone atoms (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side chains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes Directions: Each group of questions below consists of five lettered headings followed by a list of numbered words, phrases, or sentences. For each numbered word, phrase194 Questionsor sentence, select the one heading that is most closely related to it and fill in completely the corresponding space on the answer sheet. One heading may be used once, moreDirections: than once, Each or of not the at questionsall in each or group. incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. Questions 118-119 refer to the following amounts Questions 123-125 refer to the following of DNA found in human cell types. The amounts components of the lac operon in bacteria. are 1. Whichindicated of the relative following to the pairs amount of molecules of DNA would(X) 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through foundform in hydrogenmature neurons bonds? that are in the G0 stage of (A)the secretorycAMP–CAP pathway complex in which of the following the cell cycle. (B)orders? Operator (C) Promoter (A) Smooth ER Golgi transport vesicle (A) 4X (D) lac Z Æ Æ (B) 2X (E) lacGolgi I cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (C) 1.5X cell surface (D) 1X 123. Is(B) bound Rough by ERrepressor Æ Golgi protein transport vesicle Æ (E) 0.5X Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface 124. Contains binding site for RNA polymerase 118. Amount of DNA found in a mature spermatozoan (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ

smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ 119. Amount of DNA in a skin cell in G of the cell 2 125. Encodescell repressor surface protein cycle (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ

rough ER secretory vesicle Æ Æ Questions 120-122 refer to the following. cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport (A) Peptide hormone vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory (B) Prohormone vesicle Æ cell surface (C) Phospholipase C (D)(A) Steroid I only hormone 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (E)(B) Active III only G protein of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed to 120. H(D)as relatively I and II only little biological activity (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide 121. Binds to adenylate cyclase backbone atoms (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side 122. Readily traverses cell membranes chains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 194 Questions Questions 126-129 refer to the following graph. Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.

Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface 126. Rate of population growth is highest. (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ 127. Per capita growth rate is highest. cell surface (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ 128. Both population and per capita growth ratesrough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ are positive but decelerating. cell surface

(E) Rough ER smooth ER Golgi transport 129. Population size is nearest to carrying capacity. Æ Æ vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes Questions 130-132 refer to the following. Questions 133-136 refer to the following functions. 194 Questions (A) Actin (A) Respiration Directions:(B) Tubulin Each of the questions or incomplete statements below(B) is followed Support by five suggested answers or completions.(C) Calmodulin Select the one that is best in each case and then completely(C) Locomotion fill in the corresponding space on the answer(D) sheet.Fibronectin (D) Feeding (E) Troponin (E) Excretion

130. 1. Bipolar-filament-formi Which of the followingng pairs protein of molecules that binds would and 133. 2. Radula Proteins of destined molluscs to be secreted move through hydrolyzes GTP form hydrogen bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following

134. Spiculesorders? of sponges 131. Major cytoskeletal protein in microvilli, filopodia, contractile rings, and growth cones (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ 135. NematocystsGolgi cisternae of cnidarians Æ secretory vesicle Æ 132. Calcium-binding switch protein in vertebrate cell surface skeletal muscle fibers 136. Tracheae(B) Rough of ERinsects Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ

Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ

cell surface

(C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes Questions 137-140 refer to the following. Questions 141-143 refer to the following diagram 194 Questionsof a replication fork. (A) Biome Directions:(B) Community Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions.(C) Ecosystem Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the answer(D) sheet.Metapopulation (E) Population

137. 1. A Which group of of the potentially following interbreeding pairs of molecules individuals would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through presentform hydrogen at the same bonds? location the secretory pathway in which of the following orders? 138. A group of potentially interacting species present at the same location (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ 139. A large geographical area characterized by its cell surface dominant form of vegetation (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ

Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ 140. All organisms and their nonliving environment cell surface present at the same location (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ 141. Locationcell of surface RNA primer (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ 142. Location of DNA polymerase rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ

cell surface 143. Location of DNA with a free 3¢ OH (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport

vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes Directions: Each group of questions below concerns a laboratory or an experimental situation. In each case, first study the description of the situation. Then choose the194 one Questions best answer to each question and fill in completely the corresponding space on the answer sheet. Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the Questionsanswer sheet. 144-147

TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a key transcription factor in eukaryotes. A schematic representation of the 240-amino1. Which ofacid the TBP following of yeast pairs is shown of molecules in Figure would 1 below, with the2. Proteinspositions destined of two mutations to be secreted indicated. move Thethrough boxed areaform represents hydrogen the evolutionarilybonds? conserved C-terminal domain of theTBP, secretory and the pathwayshaded (dark) in which regions of the of following this domain represent two repeated elements involved in DNA binding.orders? One mutation (P65S) changes proline 65 to serine, and the other (I143N) changes isoleucine 143 to asparagine. (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface Figure 2 below represents autoradiographs of gels containing RNA transcripts produced in extracts of wild-type or mutant cells. Lanes 1–2 are from wild-type yeast (WT), lanes 3–4(C) are Golgi from cisternae the I143N Æ mutant, ER transport and lanes vesicle 5–6 Æare from the P65S mutant, as indicated. Figure 2A shows transcripts of a genesmooth transcribed ER Æ by secretory RNA polymerase vesicle Æ I (Pol I). Figure 2B shows transcripts of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase IIcell (Pol surface II). Figure 2C shows transcripts of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). Lanes 1, 3, and 5(D) show Golgi transcripts cisternae produced Æ ER transport at 24∞C, vesicle and lanes Æ 2, 4, and 6 show transcripts produced at 37∞C. Shading of the bands representsrough signals ER Æ of secretory different vesicleintensity. Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 144. As a control, wild-type TBP was added to mutant 146. The 5S rRNA gene is transcribed by RNA extracts prior to transcription analysis. It was 194 Questions polymerase III. If transcription of 5S rRNA is observed that wild-type TBP could restore assayed as above, more 5S rRNA transcription Directions:transcription Each by of all the three questions RNA polymerasesor incomplete in statements belowwould is followed be found by five suggested answers or mutant extracts. The controls were performed completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely(A) in fill extracts in the from corresponding the I143N spacemutant on than the in order to check answer sheet. in extracts from wild-type (A) whether mutant transcription phenotypes (B) at 37oC than at 24oC in I143N mutant extracts are due to perturbation of TBP function (C) at 37o C than at 24oC in P65S mutant extracts 1. (B) Which for of equivalent the following RNA pairs levels of in molecules all lanes would 2. Proteins(D) in both destined wild-type to be and secreted mutant move extracts, through (C)form the hydrogen specific bonds? activity of RNA polymerase the secretoryrelative pathwayto a pol Iin transcribed which of the gene following (D) for differential TBP activity in promoters orders?(E) in extracts from the P65S mutant than of different genes in extracts from the I143N mutant (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (E) whether mutant transcription phenotypes are temperature sensitive 147. WhichGolgi of the cisternae following Æ conclusions secretory vesicle about ÆTBP is mostcell consistent surface with the data? 145. Which of the following conclusions about (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (A) TBP binds exclusively to the TATA box mutations in TBP is most consistent with Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ of eukaryotic promoters. the data? cell surface (B) TBP is important in regulating transcription (A) The I143N mutation affects transcription (C) Golgifrom cisternaepol II ge nesÆ ERexclusively. transport vesicle Æ of pol II genes in a temperature-sensitive (C) DNAsmooth binding ER Æ is secretoryessential forvesicle TBP Æ function. manner. (D) TBPcell issurface required for transcription of genes (B) The P65S mutation affects transcription of (D) Golgitranscribed cisternae by Æpol ER I, poltransport II, and vesicle pol III. Æ pol II genes in a temperature-sensitive (E) Troughhe action ER ofÆ wild-type secretory TBPvesicle is temperatureÆ manner. cellsensitive. surface (C) The P65S mutation affects transcription of (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport pol I genes in a temperature-sensitive vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory manner. (D) Transcription of pol I, pol II, and pol III vesicle Æ cell surface genes is equally sensitive to TBP mutations. (A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (E)(B) TBP III only function is noticeably resistant to mutation. of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed to (D) I and II only (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbone atoms (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side chains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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Questions 148-151 BIOLOGY TEST Time—170 minutes Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is used to label cells194 in the Questions S phase of the cell cycle. Lobsters were exposed to BrdU during six 4-hour periods during the 24-hour day. The number of labeled neurons in the brain was counted for each 4-hour labeling period, and the means of these counts were plotted as histograms relative to time of day for animals maintainedDirections: on Each the normalof the questions light/dark or cycle inco mplete(Figure statements 1: Normal belowLD) and is followedon the reversed by five light/dark suggested cycle answers (Figure or 2: Reversedcompletions. LD). Select The shadedthe one bars that indicateis best in the each sampling case and peri thenod atcompletely dawn and fill dusk, in the which corresponding also are shown space in on the the table below.answer Thesheet. horizontal bar at the top of the graph indicates illumination conditions (white = light; black = dark; arrows = subjective dusk). The dawn/dusk data for LD and DD (dark/dark conditions) are summarized in Table 1 below. 1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through form hydrogen bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following orders? (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 148. The graphs of mean counts of BrdU-labeled 150. Which of the following is best supported by neurons proliferating at different times of day 194 Questions the data when lobsters are exposed to a normal in the lobster brain demonstrate that LD cycle followed by constant darkness for three days (normal DD) ? Directions:(A) neurons Each proliferate of the questions at the same or inco ratemplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions.throug Selecthout the a 24-hourone that period is best in each case and then completely(A) Neuronal fill in the proliferation corresponding stops. space on the answer(B) sheet.the greatest number of neurons proliferate (B) Neuronal proliferation increases. at 16:30-19:30 clock hour (C) Neuronal proliferation is greater at the time (C) the greatest number of neurons proliferate of subjective dusk. 1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through at 4:30-7:30 clock hour (D) Neuronal proliferation is greater during the form hydrogen bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following (D) the greatest number of neurons proliferate middle-of-the-night period. orders? at subjective dusk (E) Neuronal proliferation is the same throughout the period of constant darkness. (E) the greatest number of neurons proliferate (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ at subjective dawn 151. These Golgiexperiments cisternae demonstrate Æ secretory that vesicle neurogenesis Æ cell surface 149. The graphs demonstrate that the proliferation in the lobster brain is controlled by (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ of new neurons is entrained by (A) the time of day Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (B) diurnal hormonal variations (A) the clock hour cell surface (C) seasonal factors, such as photoperiod (B) when the animals feed (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (C) the light/dark cycle and temperature smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (D) temperature (D) BrdU, light, and the clock hour cell surface (E) the relative amount of BrdU available (E) an endogenous clock that is entrained (D) Golgiby the cisternae light/dark Æ cycleER transport vesicle Æ rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST Questions 152-155 Time—170 minutes 194 Questions Plant species S is pollinated primarily by hummingbirds, whereas bees are the main pollinators of closely related

species T. A study was performed to identify which floral traits influence visitation by the two pollinators. Several Directions:hundred F hybrids Each of of the species questions S and or inco T weremplete produced statements in a greenhousebelow is followed and then by planted five suggested into a suitable answers habitat or completions.2 Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the frequentedanswer sheet. by both hummingbirds and bees. For each individual F2 plant, the investigators measured pollinator visitation rates as a function of carotenoid pigment concentration in the petals (Figure 1) and nectar volume per flower (Figure 2). In addition the investigators identified each plant’s genotype at the car genetic locus, which influences 1. Which pigmentation.of the following The pairs car ofgenetic molecules locus wouldhas three alleles, 2. c 1 Proteins, c2 and cdestined3, as shown to be in secretedFigure 3. move through form hydrogen bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following orders? (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ

rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 152. Which of the following statements agrees with the 154. If plant fitness increases linearly with pollinator data shown in Figures 1 and 2 ? 194 Questions visitation rate and the two animal species are equally effective pollinators, which genotype (A) Both bee and hummingbird visitation rates at the car locus would be expected to be most Directions:are Eachpositively of the correlated questions withor inco carotenoidmplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or common in plant species T ? completions.concentration. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the answer(B) sheet.Both bee and hummingbird visitation rates (A) c1c1 are negatively correlated with carotenoid (B) c2c2

concentration. (C) c3c3 1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through (C) Only the bee visitation rate is positively (D) c1c2 form hydrogencorrelated bonds? with carotenoid concentration. the secretory pathway in which of the following (E) c2c3 (D) Both bee and hummingbird visitation rates orders?

are positively correlated with nectar 155. An(A) isolated Smooth population ER Æ Golgi of hybridstransport between vesicle Æ volume. species S and T is discovered in an area where (E) Only the hummingbird visitation rate is Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ hummingbirds have recently gone extinct but bees positively correlated with nectar volume. cell surface remain. Assuming these conditions persist, which (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ of the following evolutionary changes is most 153. Which statement accurately describes the Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ likely to occur during the next few hundred dominance relationship between one pair cell surface generations? of alleles at the car locus with respect to (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ carotenoid concentration? (A) Averagesmooth nectarER Æ volumesecretory will vesicle increase. Æ (B) Average carotenoid concentration will 1 2 cell surface (A) Allele c is dominant to allele c . increase. (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (C) Average carotenoid concentration will (B) Alleles c1 and c2 exhibit incomplete roughdecrease. ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ dominance. cell surface (D) Allele c1 will increase in frequency. 1 3 (E) Rough ER smooth ER Golgi transport (C) Alleles c and c exhibit incomplete (E) Allele c3 willÆ decrease in frequency.Æ dominance. vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory

(D) Alleles c2 and c3 exhibit incomplete vesicle Æ cell surface dominance. (A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure 3 2 (B)(E) Allele III only c is dominant to allele c . of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed to (D) I and II only (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbone atoms (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side chains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes Questions 156-159 156. What concentration of pig insulin produced a 194 Questions half-maximal effect on glucose oxidation? A comparative study of insulins from a bird (A) 0.1 ng � mL-1 Directions:(turkey), two Each mammals of the (pig questions and guinea or inco pig),mplete and statementsa below is followed by five suggested answers or (B) 0.5 ng � mL-1 fishcompletions. (bonito) wasSelect undertaken the one that to assess is best the in eachrelative case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the (C) 1 ng � mL-1 biologicalanswer sheet. activity of the hormone. The hormone’s (D) 10 ng � mL-1 ability to stimulate glucose oxidation (and hence, (E) The value cannot be determined from the uptake 1. Which and ofmetabolism) the following was pairs assayed of molecules in isolated would 2. Proteinsdata. destined to be secreted move through fat cellsform from hydrogen rats. Identical bonds? populations of fat cells the secretory pathway in which of the following were suspended in media containing radioactive 157. Theorders? four insulins differ in their ability to stimulate glucose oxidation. In spite of this difference, the 14 glucose ( C-glucose) and different concentrations hormones(A) Smooth may ER be Æ equally Golgi transporteffective invesicle the species Æ of each insulin. Their production of radioactive from whichGolgi theycisternae were Æ obtained. secretory Which vesicle of Æthe cell surface carbon dioxide (14CO ) was then measured for a following best tests this hypothesis? 2 (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ fixed period of time and the data were expressed (A) Repetition of the experiment to check its Golgivalidity cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ as percentages of the maximum value observed (B) Ancell assay surface of the biological activities of all for pig insulin. The percentages are plotted in the (C) Golgifour insulinscisternae on Æ fat ER cells transport isolated vesicle from Æthe figure below as a function of the log of the insulin smoothfour species ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ concentration. The resulting plot for each hormone is (C) Dosage-responsecell surface measurements of the four (D) Golgiinsulins cisternae on rat Æcells ER from transport such othervesicle insulin- Æ called a dosage-response curve. sensitive tissues as liver and muscle rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (D) Determinationcell surface of the binding affinities of the four insulins to plasma membranes isolated (E) Rough ER smooth ER Golgi transport from rat fatÆ cells Æ (E) Directvesicle comparison Æ Golgi cisternae of the DNA Æ secretorysequences of vesicleinsulin genesÆ cell cloned surface from the four species

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 158. In this study, the dosage-response curve of turkey 159. Above 5 ng � mL-1, pig insulin exerted no further insulin lies to the left of those generated by the 194 Questions effect on glucose oxidation. Which of the other vertebrate insulins. An identical result was following best explains this result? obtained for turkey insulin in several other Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers- or1 completions.comparative Select assays the oneof biological that is best activity. in each Which case and then completely(A) Levels fill in of the insulin corresponding above 5 ngspace � mL on the are answerof the sheet. following provides the best explanation for toxic to rat fat cells. the relative position of the dosage-response curve (B) Such levels exceed the pig’s capacity to of turkey insulin? synthesize and secrete insulin. (C) At this level all insulin receptors in rat fat 1. Which(A) Turkeys of the metabolizefollowing pairs glucose of molecules less rapidly would than 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through cells are bound to the hormone. form hydrogendo other vertebrates. bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following (D) Above this level insulin degrades itself in (B) Differences in the base sequence of the turkey orders? an autocatalytic manner. insulin gene increase the hormone’s ability (A)(E) R Smoothat fat cells ER Æshow Golgi no responsetransport tovesicle insulin Æ in to bind to insulin receptors at lower -1 concentrations. Golgiconcentrations cisternae greaterÆ secretory than 5 vesicle ng � mL Æ . (C) Turkey insulin stimulates gene activity more cell surface effectively than does that from other species. (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (D) Nonavian vertebrates metabolize glucose less Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ rapidly than do turkeys. cell surface (E) Turkeys have higher levels of insulin (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ circulating in their blood than do other smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ vertebrates. cell surface

(D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ

rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes Questions 160-162 refer to the following 160. At which of the following water temperatures is the experiment. 194 Questions resting metabolism of the fish maximal?

(A) 0°C Directions:The graph Eachbelow of shows the questions the metabolic or inco ratemplete of a statements below is followed by five suggested answers or small fish over a wide range of water temperatures (B) 10°C completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely(C) 20 fill°C in the corresponding space on the whileanswer the sheet. fish is swimming at maximal sustainable (D) 30°C speed (curve A) and while at rest (curve B). (E) 40°C 1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through form hydrogen bonds? 161. Endurancethe secretory is pathwayoften related in which to the of amount the following by which orders?metabolic rate can be elevated. On the basis of this assumption, at what temperature would the fish be (A)expected Smooth to have ER Æthe Golgi greatest transport endurance? vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae secretory vesicle (A) 5°C Æ Æ cell surface (B) 15°C (B) Rough ER Golgi transport vesicle (C) 25°C Æ Æ (D) 30Golgi°C cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) 35°C (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ 162. The Q10 for resting metabolism between 10°C cell surface and 20°C is (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (A) 2.0rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ (B) 3.0cell surface (E)(C) Roughless than ER for Æ active smooth metabolism ER Æ Golgi between transport 10°C and 20°C vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory (D) the same as for active metabolism between vesicle Æ cell surface 10°C and 20°C

(E) the same as for resting metabolism between (A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure 30°C and 35°C (B) III only of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily

(C) IV only attributed to (D) I and II only (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbone atoms (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side chains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST Questions 163-166 Time—170 minutes 194 Questions Biologists performed an experiment with flies to examine the effects of population size on the maintenance of genetic variation and on egg-to-adult survival. From a large source population, they randomly assigned eggs to three experimentalDirections: Each populations of the questions of size N, or equal inco mpleteto 20, 60, statements and 100. below For later is followed generations, by five they suggested collected answers N eggs fromor each populationcompletions. and Select moved the them one thatinto is identical best in eachvials casethat containedand then completely fresh medium. fill in They the correspondingcounted the number space ofon adult the flies thatanswer emerged sheet. and used tissue samples from the adults for genetic analyses. Genetic variation was measured by scoring alleles at several polymorphic loci and expressed as the average number of alleles at those loci. The results are summarized in Figure 1 and Figure 2 below. 1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through form hydrogen bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following orders? (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory

vesicle Æ cell surface 163. Based on Figure 1, which of the following best 165. The numbers of adult flies that emerged from the (A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure describes(B) III only the change in genetic variation over three populations in the first generation are closest time? ofto whichan alpha of helixthe following? in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed to (A)(D) It I and increased II only in all three populations. N = 100 N = 60 N = 20 (B)(E) II,It was III, unchangedand IV in the largest population (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide (A) 35 33 13 and increased in the two smaller backbone atoms (B) 35 55 20 populations. (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side (C) 35 60 50 (C) It was unchanged in all three populations. chains (D) 65 55 35 (D) It was unchanged in the two larger (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar (E) 100 60 20 populations and declined in the smallest amino acids

population. (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino 166. Which other process appears to have substantially (E) It declined in all three populations. acids influenced the outcome of this experiment? (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically 164. Which process best explains the dynamics of (A) Density-dependentcharged side chains survival genetic variation observed in this experiment? (B) Frequency-dependent fecundity (C) Niche partitioning (A) Genetic drift (D) Spatial heterogeneity (B) Linkage disequilibrium (E) Temporal variability (C) Mutation

(D) Segregation distortion (E) Selection

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Questions 167-170 BIOLOGY TEST Time—170 minutes Two action potentials are portrayed in the figure below. The solid line is an intracellular recording from a motor 194 Questions neuron (neuron A) in the spinal cord of a frog. The broken line is a recording from a sensory neuron (neuron B) in the same animal. Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.

1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through form hydrogen bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following orders? (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory 167. At time = 0, relative to neuron A, neuron B is 169. The change in polarization of neuron B between vesicle cell surface time = 0 and timeÆ = 1 is due to which of the (A) hypopolarized following? (B)(A) depolarized I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (C)(B) hyperpolarized III only of(A) an Only alpha potassium helix in a leak protein channels is primarily are open. (D)(C) nonpolarized IV only attributed(B) Only sodiumto channels are closed. (E)(D) polarizing I and II only (C) Sodium channels and potassium leak (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogenchannels bonding are open. between the peptide 168. At time = 0, which of the following exerts (D) Thebackbone sodium-potassium atoms pump is activated. the predominant influence on the membrane (B)(E) disulfideCalcium channelsbridges between are closed cysteine in addition side to potential? chainsthe few sodium channels that are already (C) carbohydrateclosed. moieties attached to polar (A) The chloride leakage current amino acids (B) The free diffusion of sodium 170. Which(D) peptide of the linkages following that best covalently describes bond the ionicamino (C) The potassium rectifier current currentsacids at the peak (see arrow) of the action (D) The potassium leakage current (E)potential an abundance for neuron of B? amino acids with electrically (E) The lack of ion movement charged side chains (A) The outward sodium current is greater than the inward potassium current. (B) The outward potassium current is equal to the inward sodium current. (C) The inward chloride current is equal to the inward sodium current. (D) The outward calcium current is greater than the inward sodium current. (E) The inward sodium current is equal to the outward chloride current.

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BIOLOGY TEST Questions 171-173 Time—170 minutes 194 Questions Cardiac output, the volume of blood pumped per minute by the heart, is the product of stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR); that is, CO = SV ¥ HR. Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or Heartcompletions. rate can Select be measured the one directly,that is best and in cardiac each case output and isthen obtained completely by the fill Fick in themethod corresponding using the equation space on the -1 COanswer = Q sheet./(A- V), where Q = the oxygen consumed (mL � min ) and A-V = the difference in oxygen content between arterial blood and venous blood. Given values for HR and CO, stroke volume is subsequently calculated.

The 1. Whichfollowing of the data following were collected pairs of befo moleculesre and during would vigoro us human 2. Proteins exercise. destined to be secreted move through form hydrogen bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following Parameter At Rest orders? During Exercise Oxygen consumption (Q) 250 mL � min -1 (A) Smooth1500 mL ER � Æmin Golgi-1 transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ A-V difference 50 mL O2 per liter of blood cell 150 surface mL O 2 per liter of blood (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Heart rate (HR) 60 beats � min-1 120 beats � min-1 Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

(C) Golgi cisternae ER transport vesicle 171. Based on the data, during exercise cardiac output 173. Based on the data, it Æcan be concluded that Æ increased by a factor of approximately increasedsmooth cardiac ER Æoutput secretory during vesicle exercise Æ is primarilycell asurface function of an increase in which (A) 1.5 (D)of the Golgi following? cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (B) 2 rough ER secretory vesicle (C) 3 I. Heart rate Æ Æ (D) 6 II. Strokecell surface volume (E) 10 (E)III. RoughPeripheral ER Æresistance smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory (A) I only 172. Based on the data, which of the following best vesicle cell surface (B) II only Æ describes how stroke volume changes during (C) I and III only (A)exercise? I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B) III only (D) II and III only (A) It decreases by a factor of 4. of(E) an I, alpha II, and helix III in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed to (D)(B) It I and decreases II only by a factor of 2. (E)(C) It II, increases III, and IV by a factor of 2. (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide (D) It increases by a factor of 4. backbone atoms (E) It remains unchanged. (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side chains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST Questions 174-176 Time—170 minutes 194 Questions The figure below represents a temporal plot of recorded breeding activities of both allopatric and sympatric populations of three related species of Rana (leopard frog). Rana males attract females by vocalizing. The Directions:key quantifies Each numbers of the of questions observed or breeding incomplete records statements for each below population. is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 174. Which of the following is correct based on the 175. Based on the data, which of the following data? 194 Questions inferences is most likely correct? (A) Sympatric populations of R. berlandieri have (A) Interspecific hybrids are fertile only Directions:expanded Each of their the questionsbreeding seasonsor incomplete compared statements below is followedin areas by of five sympatry. suggested answers or completions.with Select allopatric the one populations. that is best in each case and then completely(B) The fill mating in the correspondingcalls of the three space species on the answer(B) sheet.Sympatric populations of R. sphenocephala are very similar. have expanded their breeding seasons (C) The sympatric populations of the three compared with allopatric populations. species are more morphologically 1. (C) Which Sympatric of the following populations pairs of of all molecules three species would 2. Proteinsdivergent destined than to be the secreted allopatric move populations. through form hydrogenhave reduced bonds? the overlap of their breeding the(D) secretoryThe sympatric pathway populations in which of the threefollowing seasons compared with allopatric orders?species are more genetically divergent populations. than the allopatric populations. (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (D) Allopatric populations of all three species (E) The allopatric populations of Rana are have largely nonoverlapping breeding Golgiparthenogenetic. cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ seasons. cell surface (E) The breeding seasons of allopatric and 176. The(B) data Rough suggest ER Æ that Golgi when transport the three vesicle Rana Æ species sympatric populations of all three species occur Golgisympatrically cisternae they Æ secretoryexhibit which vesicle of Æthe are similar. following?cell surface

(C)(A) GolgiPrezygotic cisternae reproductive Æ ER transport isolation vesicle Æ

(B) Cytogeneticsmooth ER incompatibilityÆ secretory vesicle Æ (C) Convergentcell surface evolution (D) GolgiPostzygotic cisternae reproductive Æ ER transport isolation vesicle Æ (E) Sympatricrough ER hybridization Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes Questions 177-179 194 Questions

period following infection? of infection? (A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B)(A) IIIThe only virus undergoes rapid mutation. of(A) an The alpha host’s helix lymphoid in a protein organs is primarily have been (C)(B) The IV only immune system eliminates most attributeddestroyed to by HIV. (D) I ofand the II virus.only (B) HIV is released from lymphocytes, and (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide (E)(C) The II, III, rate and of IV viral replication accelerates. + backboneCD4 T cells atoms decrease in number. (D) Cells encapsulate the viruses, thus protecting (B)(C) disulfideAnti-HIV bridges antibodies between no longer cysteine recognize side them from the immune system. chainsthe virus. (E) The viruses enter cells and therefore are not (C)(D) carbohydrateHIV has infected moieties brain attached cells. to polar measurable. + (E) Theamino size acids of the CD8 T cell population is

(D) peptidedecreasing. linkages that covalently bond amino 178. Based on the data, during which time period acids is an individual infectious? (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically (A) Only during the initial increase in HIV charged side chains concentration (B) Only when the concentration of CD8+ T cells is in decline (C) Only when the concentration of anti-HIV antibody peaks (D) Starting at year 1 after infection (E) Throughout the entire period of infection

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes Questions 180-181 180. If the thyroid gland were removed from the 194 Questions tadpoles in Group 3, metamorphosis would The following experiment is designed to study the (A) occur at 10 days role of several hormones in the regulation of Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below(B) is followed occur at by15 fivedays suggested answers or metamorphosis in frogs. completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely(C) occur fill in at the 30 correspondingdays space on the

answer sheet. (D) occur immediately Days to Group # Treatment (E) not occur over the course of the experiment Metamorphosis 1. 1 Which Salineof the following pairs of molecules30 would 181. 2. These Proteins results destined suggest to be which secreted of the move following through 2form hydrogenProlactin bonds? > 100 theabout secretory prolactin pathway at the dose in which tested? of the following 3 TSH 15 orders? 4 Thyroxine 10 (A) It promotes metamorphosis. 5 Corticosterone 30 (A)(B) SmoothIt opposes ER the Æ action Golgi oftransport the thyroid vesicle gland. Æ 6 Thyroxine + 5 (C) ItGolgi has the cisternae opposite Æ effect secretory from vesiclethat Æ Corticosterone cellof corticosterone. surface 7 Prolactin + TSH 30 (B)(D) RoughIt can reverse ER Æ theGolgi effects transport of thyroid vesicle removal Æ in Group 8. 8 Thyroid gland removed > 100 Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (E) It can completely block the action of cell surface Groups consisting of 10 frog tadpoles (all in the thyroxine and TSH. (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ same developmental stage) were injected with one smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ of several solutions or else had their thyroid glands cell surface removed (treatments) and the time until final tail (D) Golgi cisternae ER transport vesicle reabsorption was measured. The experiment was Æ Æ terminated at 100 days. The hormones used were rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ from one of three glands: the pituitary gland cell surface (prolactin and TSH— thyroid stimulating hormone), (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport the thyroid gland (thyroxine), or the adrenal glands vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory (corticosterone). The only known endogenous action vesicle Æ cell surface of TSH is to stimulate thyroid gland secretions. (A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B) III only of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed to (D) I and II only (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbone atoms (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side chains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 194 Questions Questions 182-185 Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions.The MacArthur-Wilson Select the one equilibrium that is best modelin each of case island and biogeography then completely predicts fill in the the num correspondingber of species space found on theon islands.answer sheet.The figure below depicts two volcanic islands located off a section of mainland coast.

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 182. The MacArthur-Wilson model predicts that the 184. According to the MacArthur-Wilson model, the relative numbers of bird species on the mainland194 Questions number of bird species present on Island 2 at any and two islands would be one time is a function of the relative rates of Directions:(A) Mainland Each of> Islandthe questions 1 = Island or inco2 mplete statements below(A) is followed speciation by andfive extinction suggested answers or completions.(B) Mainland Select > theIsland one 1that > Island is best 2 in each case and then completely(B) immigration fill in the corresponding and local extinction space on the answer(C) sheet.Mainland > Island 2 > Island 1 (C) competition and predation (D) Mainland = Island 1 = Island 2 (D) island growth and shrinkage (E) Island 2 > Island 1 > Mainland (E) stability and disturbance 1. Which of the following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through 183. Accordingform hydrogen to the bonds? MacArthur-Wilson model, how 185. Ifthe a secretorydrop in sea pathway level led in Islandwhich 1of to the double following would the number of bird species change from the orders?in area, the MacArthur-Wilson model predicts time of an island’s formation (assuming it remains that the number of bird species found there would (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ constant in size and isolation) ? (A) remainGolgi unchangedcisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (A) (B) experiencecell surface an initial sharp increase, then (B) Roughdecrease ER andÆ Golgi equilibrate transport at the vesicle previous Æ number of species Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (C) experience an initial sharp decrease, then cell surface increase and equilibrate at the previous (C) Golginumber cisternae of species Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (D) increasesmooth andER equilibrateÆ secretory at vesicle a new, Æhigher (B) cellnumber surface of species (D)(E) Golgidecrease cisternae and equilibrate Æ ER transport at a new, vesicle lower Æ roughnumber ER of Æ species secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (C) (A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B) III only of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed to (D) I and II only (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbone atoms (B) disulfide bridges between cysteine side (D) chains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains (E)

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BIOLOGY TEST Questions 186-188 refer to the following pedigreeTime—170 for the inheritanceminutes of a very rare human disease over three generations. 194 Questions

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 186. Which of the following is the most likely mode 188. If individuals III-3 and III-6 were to produce a of inheritance for the disease trait? 194 Questions son, what is the probability that the son would be affected with the disease? (A) Cytoplasmic Directions:(B) X-linked Each recessive of the questions or incomplete statements below(A) is followed 1.00 by five suggested answers or completions.(C) Y-linked Select dominant the one that is best in each case and then completely(B) 0.75 fill in the corresponding space on the answer(D) sheet.Autosomal dominant (C) 0.50 (E) Genetic imprinting (D) 0.25 (E) 0.00 187. 1. If Which individual of the III-3 following were topairs have of amolecules daughter, wouldwhat is 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through theform probability hydrogen thatbonds? the daughter would receive the secretory pathway in which of the following the disease trait from her mother (III-3) ? orders? (A) 1.00 (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (B) 0.50 Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (C) 0.33 cell surface (D) 0.25 (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (E) 0.00 Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ

cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST Questions 189-191 Time—170 minutes 194 Questions According to the ABC model of flower development in Arabidopsis, three classes of organ identity genes— designated A, B, and C—are required to specify the identity of floral organs in each whorl of a flower. As shown Directions:in the figure below,Each of expression the questions of Aor classincomplete genes alonestatements in the below first (outermost) is followed whorl by five specifies suggested sepals; answers expression or of Acompletions. and B class Select genes the in one the thatsecond is best whorl in eachspecifies case petalsand then; expression completely of fill B andin the C corresponding class genes in spacethe third on whorlthe specifiesanswer sheet. stamens; and expression of C class genes alone specifies carpels.

A and C class genes restrict each other’s expression. Null mutations in A class genes lead to expression of C class 1. Which genes ofin theall fourfollowing whorls, pairs whereas of molecules null C classwould mutations result2. Proteins in expression destined of to A be class secreted genes move in all through whorls. form hydrogen bonds? the secretory pathway in which of the following orders? (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 189. If wild type Arabidopsis were transformed with 190. An Arabidopsis line that produced flowers a chimeric gene composed of a C class promoter194 Questions with carpel identity in all four whorls would fused to a B class coding sequence, which of the most likely have mutation(s) in following arrangements (outer to inner) would be Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below(A) is followed A class bygenes five only suggested answers or predicted? completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely(B) B fill class in thegenes corresponding only space on the answer(A) sheet.Se Pe St St (C) C class genes only (B) Se Pe Ca Ca (D) A and B class genes (C) Pe Pe St Ca (E) A and C class genes 1. (D) Which Se ofSe the St Cafollowing pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins destined to be secreted move through (E)form Se hydrogen Pe Pe Ca bonds? 191. Accordingthe secretory to pathwaythe ABC inmodel, which which of the of following the orders?following arrangements of floral organs (from outermost to innermost whorl) would be (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ predicted for a null mutation in a B class gene? Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (A) Secell Pe surfaceSt Ca (B) Se Rough Se Ca ER Ca Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ (C) Pe Pe St St Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (D) Se Pe Pe Se cell surface (E) St St Ca Ca (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface

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BIOLOGY TEST Questions 192-194 Time—170 minutes 194 Questions The following figure is a model of seedling establishment as a function of distance from a parent tree. Initial seed density measures the number of seeds falling to the ground. Seed survivorship measures the proportion of seeds that surviveDirections: to the Each adult of st theage questionsat each distance. or inco mplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then completely fill in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.

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BIOLOGY TEST

Time—170 minutes 192. This model predicts that recruitment of new 194. Which of the following factors is most likely individuals into the population should be 194 Questions to generate the seed survivorship curve shown? (A) highest directly under the parent tree (A) Seed predation is lowest far from the Directions:(B) highest Each at ofan theintermediate questions distanceor incomplete from statements below is followedparent bytree. five suggested answers or completions.the Selectparent thetree one that is best in each case and then completely(B) The fill best in the microhabitat corresponding for mutualisticspace on the seed answer(C) sheet.highest far from the parent tree dispersers is directly under the parent tree. (D) high directly under the parent tree and far (C) The best microhabitat for seedling growth from it, but low at intermediate distances is directly under the parent tree. 1. Whichfrom of the it following pairs of molecules would 2. Proteins(D) Many destined seeds reach to be thesecreted locations move where through (E)form independent hydrogen bonds? of the distance from the secretorythey would pathway have inthe which highest of theprobability following the parent tree orders?of surviving to adulthood. (E) Seedling competition is most intense (A) Smooth ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ 193. Which of the following factors is most likely at intermediate distances from the to generate the seed density curve shown? Golgiparent cisternaetree. Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (A) There are no effective seed dispersers (B) Rough ER Æ Golgi transport vesicle Æ of this tree species. Golgi cisternae Æ secretory vesicle Æ (B) Most seeds fall directly under the parent cell surface tree, but some are dispersed away from it. (C) The seeds are randomly dispersed by wind. (C) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ (D) Seed predation is lowest under the parent smooth ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ tree. cell surface (E) The microhabitat is most favorable directly (D) Golgi cisternae Æ ER transport vesicle Æ under the parent tree. rough ER Æ secretory vesicle Æ cell surface (E) Rough ER Æ smooth ER Æ Golgi transport

vesicle Æ Golgi cisternae Æ secretory

vesicle Æ cell surface

(A) I only 3. Stabilization of the unique coiled structure (B) III only of an alpha helix in a protein is primarily (C) IV only attributed to (D) I and II only (E) II, III, and IV (A) hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbone atoms If you finish before time is called, you may (B)check disulfide your bridgeswork on between this test. cysteine side chains (C) carbohydrate moieties attached to polar amino acids (D) peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids (E) an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains

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007629-72270 / GRE Practice Book, Biology / Created 4/14/08 YR / InDesign CS2, Fonts: Goudy, Helvetica Neue, New Aster, Universal News • D1 4/14/08 YR • D3 5/13/08 YR • 007329-108354 • Drft01 5/1/15 jdb • Drft02 6/1/15 jdb • Drft03 6/11/15 jdb • Preflight 6/25/15 jdb • 007629-114193 • Converted CC • Drft01 6/6/16 jdb NOTE: To ensure prompt processing of test results, it is important that you fill in the blanksexactly as directed. I SUBJECT TEST

A. Print and sign your full name PRINT: ______(LAST) (FIRST) (MIDDLE) in this box: SIGN: ______

6. TITLE CODE Copy this code in box 6 on 2 4 2 3 6 Copy the Test Name and Form Code in box 7 on your answer your answer sheet. Then sheet. 0 0 0 0 0 fill in the corresponding 1 1 1 1 1 ovals exactly as shown. 2 2 2 2 2 TEST NAME ______Biology 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 FORM CODE ______GR1724 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9

GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS SUBJECT TEST B. The Subject Tests are intended to measure your achievement in a specialized field of study. Most of the questions are concerned with subject matter that is probably familiar to you, but some of the questions may refer to areas that you have not studied. Your score will be determined by the number of questions you answer correctly. Questions you answer incorrectly or for which you mark no answer or more than one answer are counted as incorrect. Nothing is subtracted from a score if you answer a question incorrectly. Therefore, to maximize your score, it is better for you to guess at an answer than not to respond at all. You are advised to use your time effectively and to work as rapidly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend too much time on questions that are too difficult for you. Go on to the other questions and come back to the difficult ones later if you can. YOU MUST INDICATE ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET. No credit will be given for anything written in this examination book, but you may write in the book as much as you wish to work out your answers. After you have decided on your response to a question, fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. BE SURE THAT EACH MARK IS DARK AND COMPLETELY FILLS THE OVAL. Mark only one answer to each question. No credit will be given for multiple answers. Erase all stray marks. If you change an answer, be sure that all previous marks are erased completely. Incomplete erasures may be read as intended answers. Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are questions in the test.

Example: Sample Answer

What city is the capital of France? A B C D E CORRECT ANSWER (A) Rome PROPERLY MARKED A B C D E (B) Paris A B C D E (C) London A B C D E IMPROPER MARKS (D) Cairo (E) Oslo A B C D E

DO NOT OPEN YOUR TEST BOOK UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

® 60 Educational Testing Service Princeton, New Jersey 08541

007629-72270 / GRE Practice Book, Biology / Created 4/14/08 YR / InDesign CS2, Fonts: Goudy, Helvetica Neue, New Aster, Universal News • D1 4/14/08 YR • D3 5/13/08 YR • 007329-108354 • Drft01 5/1/15 jdb • Drft02 6/1/15 jdb • Drft03 6/11/15 jdb • Preflight 6/25/15 jdb • 007629-114193 • Converted CC • Drft01 6/6/16 jdb • New job 120765-007629 • Dr01 5/12/17 ta Worksheet for the GR E Biology Test, Form GR1724 Answer Key and Percentages* of Test Takers Answering Each Question Correctly

QUESTION CONTENT QUESTION CONTENT QUESTION CONTENT P+ CORRECT P+ CORRECT P+ CORRECT RESPONSE RESPONSE RESPONSE Number Answer 1 2 3 Number Answer 1 2 3 Number Answer 1 2 3 1 E 60 • 66 C 19 • 131 A 60 • 2 B 62 • 67 D 52 • 132 E 68 • 3 A 80 • 68 D 57 • 133 D 48 • 4 D 70 • 69 C 47 • 134 B 46 • 5 E 78 • 70 B 76 • 135 D 50 • 6 A 94 • 71 C 19 • 136 A 86 • 7 D 20 • 72 B 33 • 137 E 88 • 8 D 55 • 73 D 66 • 138 B 88 • 9 D 88 • 74 D 74 • 139 A 84 • 10 D 91 • 75 D 80 • 140 C 82 • 11 D 11 • 76 A 69 • 141 A 65 • 12 A 52 • 77 A 46 • 142 B 67 • 13 B 76 • 78 D 55 • 143 B 32 • 14 D 54 • 79 B 71 • 144 A 55 • 15 A 39 • 80 B 85 • 145 C 80 • 16 A 91 • 81 E 67 • 146 E 74 • 17 C 56 • 82 E 34 • 147 D 57 • 18 B 86 • 83 B 32 • 148 D 81 • 19 C 35 • 84 A 91 • 149 C 89 • 20 C 35 • 85 C 94 • 150 C 61 • 21 E 68 • 86 B 87 • 151 E 82 • 22 B 42 • 87 E 81 • 152 E 95 • 23 C 66 • 88 E 89 • 153 B 76 • 24 D 65 • 89 D 89 • 154 C 74 • 25 A 77 • 90 D 49 • 155 C 84 • 26 B 79 • 91 A 45 • 156 B 74 • 27 C 66 • 92 E 45 • 157 B 79 • 28 A 66 • 93 B 86 • 158 B 43 • 29 C 50 • 94 B 90 • 159 C 70 • 30 D 56 • 95 C 98 • 160 D 96 • 31 B 54 • 96 D 49 • 161 C 56 • 32 C 49 • 97 A 94 • 162 C 47 • 33 C 41 • 98 E 37 • 163 D 91 • 34 E 18 • 99 B 61 • 164 A 64 • 35 B 78 • 100 D 31 • 165 A 64 • 36 D 68 • 101 E 55 • 166 A 60 • 37 D 61 • 102 E 57 • 167 C 59 • 38 B 54 • 103 D 63 • 168 D 36 • 39 D 75 • 104 B 86 • 169 C 55 • 40 C 50 • 105 B 55 • 170 B 45 • 41 C 66 • 106 A 87 • 171 B 74 • 42 C 53 • 107 A 60 • 172 E 68 • 43 C 77 • 108 B 67 • 173 A 63 • 44 B 68 • 109 E 55 • 174 C 85 • 45 C 93 • 110 D 43 • 175 B 35 • 46 C 54 • 111 A 60 • 176 A 59 • 47 B 38 • 112 E 65 • 177 B 49 • 48 B 26 • 113 D 33 • 178 E 73 • 49 D 71 • 114 C 77 • 179 B 69 • 50 B 57 • 115 C 41 • 180 E 71 • 51 B 26 • 116 B 78 • 181 B 58 • 52 C 86 • 117 D 25 • 182 B 75 • 53 E 66 • 118 E 66 • 183 E 73 • 54 C 76 • 119 B 71 • 184 B 61 • 55 D 46 • 120 B 59 • 185 D 72 • 56 A 45 • 121 E 56 • 186 D 64 • 57 C 54 • 122 D 68 • 187 B 72 • 58 E 23 • 123 B 50 • 188 B 43 • 59 D 41 • 124 C 76 • 189 A 33 • 60 B 80 • 125 E 43 • 190 D 40 • 61 A 58 • 126 C 89 • 191 B 60 • 62 B 60 • 127 A 12 • 192 B 32 • 63 D 42 • 128 D 82 • 193 B 76 • 64 C 74 • 129 E 95 • 194 A 65 • 65 B 45 • 130 B 38 •

Total Correct: ______, Scaled Score: ______

Subscore 1 (Cellular and Molecular Biology): Questions Correct in Content Area 1: ______, Scaled Subscore: 1: ______Subscore 2 (Organismal Biology): Questions Correct in Content Area 2: ______, Scaled Subscore: 2: ______Subscore 3 (Ecology and Evolution): Questions Correct in Content Area 3: ______, Scaled Subscore: 3: ______

* The numbers in the P+ column indicate the percentages of test takers in the United States who answer each question correctly.

GRE® Biology Test Practice Book 61 Page

007629-72270 / GRE Practice Book, Biology / Created 4/14/08 YR / InDesign CS2, Fonts: Goudy, Helvetica Neue, New Aster, Universal News • D1 4/14/08 YR • D3 5/13/08 YR • 007329-108354 • Drft01 5/1/15 jdb • Drft02 6/1/15 jdb • Drft03 6/11/15 jdb • Preflight 6/25/15 jdb • 007629-114193 • Converted CC • Drft01 6/6/16 jdb Score Conversions for the GR E Biology Test, Form GR1724

Total Score Subscores Total Scaled Total Scaled Subscore Scaled Subscore Scaled Correct Score Correct Score 1 2 3 Subscore 1 2 3 Subscore 179-194 990 95-96 590 62-65 60-65 99 29 29 59 177-178 980 93-94 580 61 59 64 98 28 34 58 175-176 970 91-92 570 58 63 97 28 27 33 57 173-174 960 89-90 560 60 57 96 27 32 56 171-172 950 87-88 550 59 62 95 26 26 55

169-170 940 84-86 540 58 56 61 94 25 25 31 54 167-168 930 82-83 530 57 55 60 93 24 24 30 53 165-166 920 80-81 520 54 92 23 29 52 162-164 910 78-79 510 56 53 59 91 22 23 28 51 160-161 900 76-77 500 55 58 90 21 22 50

158-159 890 74-75 490 54 52 57 89 21 27 49 156-157 880 72-73 480 53 51 88 20 20 26 48 154-155 870 70-71 470 52 50 56 87 19 25 47 152-153 860 68-69 460 55 86 18 19 46 150-151 850 65-67 450 51 49 54 85 17 18 24 45

148-149 840 63-64 440 50 48 84 16 17 23 44 146-147 830 61-62 430 49 47 53 83 15 16 22 43 143-145 820 59-60 420 48 46 52 82 14 42 141-142 810 57-58 410 51 81 15 21 41 139-140 800 55-56 400 47 45 80 13 14 20 40

137-138 790 53-54 390 46 44 50 79 12 13 39 135-136 780 51-52 380 45 43 49 78 11 12 19 38 133-134 770 49-50 370 44 48 77 10 18 37 131-132 760 47-48 360 42 76 9 11 17 36 129-130 750 45-46 350 43 41 47 75 8 10 35

127-128 740 42-44 340 42 40 46 74 7 9 16 34 125-126 730 40-41 330 41 45 73 8 15 33 122-124 720 38-39 320 40 39 72 6 14 32 120-121 710 36-37 310 38 44 71 5 7 31 118-119 700 34-35 300 39 37 43 70 4 6 13 30

116-117 690 32-33 290 38 42 69 3 5 12 29 114-115 680 30-31 280 37 36 68 2 4 28 112-113 670 28-29 270 36 35 41 67 11 27 110-111 660 26-27 260 35 34 40 66 1 3 10 26 108-109 650 24-25 250 39 65 0 2 9 25

106-107 640 22-23 240 34 33 38 64 1 24 103-105 630 19-21 230 33 32 63 8 23 101-102 620 17-18 220 32 31 37 62 0 7 22 99-100 610 15-16 210 31 30 36 61 6 21 97-98 600 0-14 200 30 35 60 0-5 20

62 Page GRE® Biology Test Practice Book

007629-72270 / GRE Practice Book, Biology / Created 4/14/08 YR / InDesign CS2, Fonts: Goudy, Helvetica Neue, New Aster, Universal News • D1 4/14/08 YR • D3 5/13/08 YR 763338

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08541 NJ Princeton, Service, Testing Educational by 2012 ® Copyright TF212E70 • 89176-02954 Q3442/1-2/2 E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E of cover (on back of cover (on back D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B SHADED AREA FOR ETS USE ONLY SHADED 8. TEST BOOK SERIAL NUMBER TEST 8. 7. TEST TEST NAME 7. book) test your book) test your FORM CODE A A A A A A A of in upper right (number corner cover of front book) test your A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115

E E E E E E E E E E E E - SUBJECT TEST - SUBJECT D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D D D D D D D D D D D D . C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C book) test your of cover (on back 6. TITLE 6. CODE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B

A A A A A A A A A A A Item responses continued on reverse side. on reverse continued responses Item A A A A A A A A A A A A 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 choice. answer your sheet. this answer complete THEM BLANK. HERE: ILLUSTRATED E E E E E E E E E E E E AS D D E D D E D D E D D E D D E D D E D D E D D E D D E D D E D D E D 2 or HB) to C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C NUMBER - B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B ® 5. REGISTRATION 5. LEAVE PLEASE admission ticket) your (from lead (No. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A A A A A A A A A A A

A A A A A A A A A A A A IF SO, 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 THE INTENDED SPACE marks. or stray errors NEED. E E E E E E E E E E E E YOU D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D D D D D D D D D D D D to the space that corresponds in completely fill THAN C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C only) B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B NUMBER 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (U.S.A. A A A A A A A A A A A

any erase Completely black a pencil with soft, Use only to Be sure A A A A A A A A A A A A FILLS AND COMPLETELY SOCIAL SECURITY 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 4. LAST FOUR DIGITS OF LAST 4. E E E E E E E E E E E E 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D E D D D D D D D D D D D D Year USE INK 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B FIND MORE RESPONSE SPACES Day 0 1 2 3 A A A A A A A A A A A MAY A

A DO NOT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 YOU MARK IS DARK BE SURE EACH Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS GRADUATE 3. DATE OF BIRTH DATE 3. Month A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Initial Middle A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z First Initial Name Number Room Code ZIP or Postal or Province State or Province State – Address – Letters – or Street

– Box – P. O . (given name), and name), name initial (given , first Number Center – – –

– Country City City M.I. Name (Given) or Surname) First Last Name (Family – – Enter your last name your Enter one. have initial if you middle etc. II., Jr., apostrophes, Omit spaces, Country – MAILING ADDRESS: CENTER: SIGNATURE: (Print) (Print) YOUR NAME: YOUR I J 2. L F T Z A B E K P S V X Y C D H N R U G O Q M W 1. NAME 1. 15 Name or Surname) - First (Family Last Name only

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GRE® Biology Test Practice Book 63 Page

007629-72270 / GRE Practice Book, Biology / Created 4/14/08 YR / InDesign CS2, Fonts: Goudy, Helvetica Neue, New Aster, Universal News • D1 4/14/08 YR • D3 5/13/08 YR • 007329-108354007629-72270 / •GRE Drft01 Practice 5/1/15 Book, jdb • Drft02Biology 6/1/15 / Created jdb • 4/14/08Drft03 6/11/15 YR / InDesign jdb • Preflight CS2, Fonts: 6/25/15 Goudy, jdb • 007629-114193 Helvetica Neue, • NewConverted Aster, CCUniver • Drft01sal News 6/6/16 • D1 jdb 4/14/08 YR • D3 5/13/08 YR SIDE 2 CERTIFICATION STATEMENT Please write the following statement below, DO NOT PRINT. “I certify that I am the person whose name appears on this answer sheet. I also SUBJECT TEST agree not to disclose the contents of the test I am taking today to anyone.” Sign and date where indicated.

COMPLETE THE CERTIFICATION STATEMENT, THEN TURN ANSWER SHEET OVER TO SIDE 1.

SIGNATURE: DATE: Month Day Year

BE SURE EACH MARK IS DARK AND COMPLETELY FILLS THE INTENDED SPACE AS ILLUSTRATED HERE: . YOU MAY FIND MORE RESPONSE SPACES THAN YOU NEED. IF SO, PLEASE LEAVE THEM BLANK.

116 A B C D E 148 A B C D E 180 A B C D E 212 A B C D E 117 A B C D E 149 A B C D E 181 A B C D E 213 A B C D E 118 A B C D E 150 A B C D E 182 A B C D E 214 A B C D E 119 A B C D E 151 A B C D E 183 A B C D E 215 A B C D E 120 A B C D E 152 A B C D E 184 A B C D E 216 A B C D E 121 A B C D E 153 A B C D E 185 A B C D E 217 A B C D E 122 A B C D E 154 A B C D E 186 A B C D E 218 A B C D E 123 A B C D E 155 A B C D E 187 A B C D E 219 A B C D E 124 A B C D E 156 A B C D E 188 A B C D E 220 A B C D E 125 A B C D E 157 A B C D E 189 A B C D E 221 A B C D E 126 A B C D E 158 A B C D E 190 A B C D E 222 A B C D E 127 A B C D E 159 A B C D E 191 A B C D E 223 A B C D E 128 A B C D E 160 A B C D E 192 A B C D E 224 A B C D E 129 A B C D E 161 A B C D E 193 A B C D E 225 A B C D E 130 A B C D E 162 A B C D E 194 A B C D E 226 A B C D E 131 A B C D E 163 A B C D E 195 A B C D E 227 A B C D E 132 A B C D E 164 A B C D E 196 A B C D E 228 A B C D E 133 A B C D E 165 A B C D E 197 A B C D E 229 A B C D E 134 A B C D E 166 A B C D E 198 A B C D E 230 A B C D E 135 A B C D E 167 A B C D E 199 A B C D E 231 A B C D E 136 A B C D E 168 A B C D E 200 A B C D E 232 A B C D E 137 A B C D E 169 A B C D E 201 A B C D E 233 A B C D E 138 A B C D E 170 A B C D E 202 A B C D E 234 A B C D E 139 A B C D E 171 A B C D E 203 A B C D E 235 A B C D E WANT THIS ANSWER SHEET TO BE SCORED TO ANSWER SHEET THIS WANT 140 A B C D E 172 A B C D E 204 A B C D E 236 A B C D E

141 A B C D E 173 A B C D E 205 A B C D E 237 A B C D E full name here: Sign your B. NOT 142 A B C D E 174 A B C D E 206 A B C D E 238 A B C D E 143 A B C D E 175 A B C D E 207 A B C D E 239 A B C D E 144 A B C D E 176 A B C D E 208 A B C D E 240 A B C D E 145 A B C D E 177 A B C D E 209 A B C D E 241 A B C D E 146 A B C D E 178 A B C D E 210 A B C D E 242 A B C D E IF YOU IF YOU DO 147 A B C D E 179 A B C D E 211 A B C D E

TR TW TFS TCS 1R 1W 1FS 1CS 2R 2W 2FS 2CS

FOR ETS USE ONLY 3R 3W 3FS 3CS 4R 4W 4FS 4CS A. Fill in both circles here . . . . . here in both circles Fill A. To cancel your scores from this test administration, you must: you administration, this test from scores cancel your To receive scores for this test. No this test. for scores will not receive You A and B below. complete administration, this test from scores cancel your to want If you GRE file. on your this test for will be no scores and there indicated, you the recipients or the cancellation will be sent to of this test record

5R 5W 5FS 5CS 6R 6W 6FS 6CS

64 Page GRE® Biology Test Practice Book

007629-72270 / GRE Practice Book, Biology / Created 4/14/08 YR / InDesign CS2, Fonts: Goudy, Helvetica Neue, New Aster, Universal News • D1 4/14/08 YR • D3 5/13/08 YR 120765-007629 • UNLWEB617 • 7699