DONBAS: Territory of Existence

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DONBAS: Territory of eXistence

ASSESSMENT OF ARMED CONFLICT INFLUENCE TO THE DONETSK AND LUHANSK REGION’S STATE OF TECHNOGENIC AND ECOLOGIC SAFETY IN UKRAINE Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

ASSESSMENT OF ARMED CONFLICT INFLUENCE TO THE DONETSK AND LUHANSK REGION’S STATE OF TECHNOGENIC AND ECOLOGIC SAFETY IN UKRAINE

The authors: Chernenko Ruslan Pliushchakova Lina Aleksieieva Viktoriia Nefodova Nadiia Voloshyna Nataliia

The editor: Pliushchakova Lina

Translation: Afanasienko Anna

Design and layout: Nefodova Nadiia

The Ukrainian version of the link - iEco.in.ua © All the rights are reserved. All the information inside could be used only if Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology is mentioned © Designed by Harryarts/Freepik CONTENT

1. Preamble...... 5 2. Introduction...... 6 3. TOP-100 Facilities...... 10 4. TOP-10 Facilities...... 20 5. Resume...... 28 6. Luhansk Region TOP-10...... 30 7. Donetsk Region TOP-10...... 50

Annex 1...... 70 Annex 2...... 74 DONBAS: Territory of eXistence

-4- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

The summary PREAMBLE analysis of the most important works has been issued as a The environmental problems and priorities of component part of the report «Assessment the eastern Ukraine of environmental damage and priorities for environment in conditions of the armed conflict restoration on the east of Ukraine» by the OSCE Project The aim of this report is to access the influence of the armed Coordinator in Ukraine. conflict to the state of environmental and industrial safety of the It has displayed relative Donetsk and Luhansk regions in Ukraine within 2014 – 2018 years as ambivalence of the well as to forecast the abovementioned state in prospect in accordance problem highlighted with the most probable scenarios. as well as variety of assessment subjects The main tasks of this investigation are as follows: and approaches being — identification of the most possible catastrophes of technogenic origin used. and places of their occurrence in the eastern Ukraine in conditions of armed conflict in order to maintain readiness for such disasters and However the major possibility to respond appropriately); focus of such report - determination of negative influence degree on the state of technogenic was placed on the and environmental safety of eastern regions of Ukraine (Donetsk and present environmental Luhansk regions) for its subsequent restoration at the social level, as state being changed well as at the regional, interregional, national and international levels. under condition of the armed conflict. Within this work, the methods aimed to make a comprehensive analysis of the interrelated environmental and industrial components of the region safety are used. The region’s urbanization, industrialization and militarization factors are taken into account during preparation of this work. Such analysis is conducted through the assessment of the separate hazardous infrastructure facilities, their branch and technological connections and complexes with the specification of the state of environmental and industrial components of the region’s safety in peace time (retrospectively) as well as during the armed conflict (present and prospective in accordance with the most probable scenarios: cessation and escalation).

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INTRODUCTION The armed conflict in eastern Ukraine, taking place in one of the most industrialized and urbanized regions of Europe, led to significant increase of interrelated technogenic and environmental threats to the population, in particular due to the violation of operating conditions of numerous dangerous plants: Potentially Hazardous Facilities (PHF) and Facilities of Increased Danger (FID). Before the beginning of this conflict, almost a quarter of industrial potential of Ukraine was concentrated on the territory of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Up to 80% of such facilities belong to the most environmentally hazardous production facilities, which have the most negative influence on the environment, causing an overall, substantial irreversible impact.

The complex of mining, processing, chemical, power and other facilities with a significant number of industrial and urban agglomerations inherited from the former Soviet Union, led to appearance of significant risks of technogenic and ecological disasters with the major transboundary consequences due to military actions in places of PHF location. The greatest threat among them pertains to power stations, chemical industry enterprises, mines, product pipelines and hydrotechnical structures, including places for the hazardous waste disposal.

Significant disproportions in the production forces distribution, which took place over a long period of time, led to the following situation in Ukraine: the environmental technogenic burden became 4-5 times higher compared to the same in the developed countries. However, about 4600 PHF (17% of the total) are concentrated on the territory of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, so the space density factor is two times higher than the average value within the country, and in Donetsk region - 3 times higher (75,6 and 109,7 against 39,2 units/ths.km2 correspondingly). The major part of them, being the facilities of critical infrastructure, work using outdated technologies, in conditions of excessive deterioration (up to 70%) and dangerous decrease of subsoil strength because of flooding as well as widespread occurrence of karst processes typical for the region (85% of the territory) and the corrosion devastating effects on the structural elements of engineering communications and structures. -6- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

The highest level of technogenic burden in two eastern regions of Ukraine is greatly increased because of the presence of more than 650 FID, many of which carry a threat of chemical damage to the population. In general, at the beginning of the conflict, there were 218 production facilities in the region, being the place of storage and use of more than 84 thousand tons (28% of the total) of hazardous chemicals (including chlorine, ammonia, concentrated acids, benzene, methanol, formalin) intended for production activities. At the same time, 28 productions within the region considered comprised approximately a half of all plants of the 1st level - the highest level of chemical hazard in Ukraine.

The concentration of a large number of hazardous facilities and high density of population in Donetsk and Luhansk regions caused a significant threats leading to death of the population because of accidental (emergency) situations, even during the peacetime. Only at 01.01.2014 2,6 million of people occupied the zones of possible chemical pollution within these regions, the total area of which had compounded 11 thousand km2.

In the conditions of armed conflict, these threats have increased significantly. It happened not only because of the destruction and damage to enterprises due to the shells hit during hostilities. Violation of operation principles during work with hazardous facilities and insufficient replacement or the main production facilities updating had a significant negative influence to technogenic and environmental safety.

For example, in the mining regions of the Donbas, in conditions of systematic violations of technological regulations of mines and opencasts water discharge there is an existential threat of catastrophic flooding/waterlogging of adjacent cities and villages, unpredictable emission of explosive methane in industrial and residential buildings, pollution of underground and surface water sources. Presence in the coal mining area more than 2,000 «pits» only intensifies shiftings and destruction of surface engineering infrastructure, as well as uncontrolled leakage of contaminated mine water into the feeding areas of surface and underground water intakes and the transboundary runoff of contaminated mine water in the Siversky Donets River.

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Extensive interconnections of energy and resourses enforces the consequences of emergency situations when occurred. The probability of such issues is much more higher in conditions of armed conflict and military actions. Emergency during operation (stop, damage, destruction, etc.) of one facility in many cases leads to a chain reaction and appearance of cascade problems at the related manufacturing plants. Such emergencies considerably increase the level of hazard for environment and local population of the region through distribution, deterioration, prolongation of the consequences.

Even disruption of transport infrastructure and logistics services caused by confrontation and military actions in the east of Ukraine result to increasing of the hazard severity rating of the facilities and administrative divisions located within these areas. As compared to Donetsk region, having better developed communication lines, and steadily declining quantity of dangerous chemicals during the recent years, the similar values in Luhansk region compared to 2013 (before the armed conflict) have increased rapidly. Only within the part of this region (where the processing industry enterprises and the product pipelines units were concentrated in the industrial agglomeration Severodonetsk-Lisichansk-Rubizhne) being controlled by Ukrainian governmental authorities, during the period from 2015 to 2017 the volume of accumulated hazardous chemicals (chlorine, ammonia, and others) in total was 2-3 times more compared to the volume within the entire region in 2013. Herewith, such situation does not ensure the population’s safety.

The crisis situation, which have intensified in the areas of industrial agglomerations in conditions of armed conflict, threatens to proceed from the permanent confrontation to the active hostilities phase with heavy destruction of critical infrastructure facilities, a sharp environmental deterioration and mass fatality incidents. It definitely requires the implementation of the dangerous areas concept. In 2008-2012 the territories within the aforementioned triangle Severodonetsk-Lisichansk-Rubizhne in Luhansk region and the Horlivka-Yenakiyevo-Toretsk agglomeration in Donetsk region were classified as potentially dangerous.

-8- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

In existing conditions of emergency situations increasing, the list of dangerous territories probably could be ammended with the Donetsk-Makiyivka agglomeration, Mariupol, Pokrovsk, Luhansk, Stakhanov-Alchevsk and many other industrial units within the region. In this situation the massive flooding of interconnected mine workings in the eastern part of Ukraine, and further irreversible changes in the natural, technogenic and social environments could lead to the catastrophic consequences: namely to make these territories unsuitable not only for post-conflict rehabilitation but also for occupation by people. Taking into account the available humanity experience regarding appearance of anthropogenically related exclusion zones, the significance of such threats can’t be overestimated.

Intensification of migration processes which obviously will be increased as a result of rapid but long-term environmental changes, under conditions of mass gathering of people and animals, poor water quality (due to pollution, lack of centralized preparation of drinking water) and food (due to contamination, violation of the storage temperature requirements). Such issues will lead to the deterioration of the hospital hygiene and infection control, public health, contraction and spread of infectious diseases (epidemics and epizootic diseases).

As a result, indirect consequences of catastrophic changes at the territory of these regions of eastern Ukraine probably can spill over the other regions or even the state, and affect to the security of these territories.

One of the priorities for ensuring an acceptable level of technogenic and environmental safety in the region is the proper control, assessment and forecasting of the dangerous facilities state in order to prevent occurrence of the corresponding emergency situations and minimize their consequences.

That is why it is necessary to carry out a large-scale analysis of the influence being changed in the conditions of the armed conflict as well as the dangerous facilities impact to environmental components in the eastern regions of Ukraine.

-9- DONBAS: Territory of eXistence

"TOP-100" Facilities Within this research work aimed to evaluate the influence of the armed conflict to the state of the industrial and environmental safety of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the hazardous industrial facilities of different categories (potentially hazardous facilities of increased danger as well as facilities of critical infrastructure) were analyzed. Such facilities make significant influence or threat to the state of environment in general or it’s separate components: natural habitat, industrial and social media or their elements subject to specific protection. The relative TOP-100 lists of the Hazardous Facilities were generated for Donetsk and Luhansk Regions on the basis of the data from 22 State Registers, Cadasters and Lists of Ukraine being in the public access, as well as in accordance to criteria specified in the Assessment Methodology (in total 98 and 76 relatively). Such facilities subject to assessment both within conditions of their normal operability under nominal lode in peace time and their failure to work (accidents, shutdown, destruction etc.) associated with acts of military nature. The specified lists of the both regions being the place of military actions have some similar features both differences (see Annex 1 – «The list of hazardous facilities in Donetsk region» also referred to as «TOP-100» and Annex 2 – «The list of hazardous facilities in Luhansk region» also referred to as «TOP-100». Herewith, the facilities within both regions are uniformly distributed along the contact line: among 98 hazardous facilities of the Donetsk region being added to the corresponding List, 45 are located on the territory being controlled by the Ukrainian State, 49 – on the territories beyond the control of the Ukrainian State and 4 – the linear facilities, extending to the both types of the territories. Among 76 of the Hazardous Facilities in Luhansk region being the part of the relative List, 37 are located on the territories controlled by the Ukrainian State, 37 – on the territories beyond the control of the Ukrainian State and 2 – the linear facilities, extending to the both types of the territories. Nevertheless, notwithstanding the similar average values of the Hazard rate for the facilities being the component part of the TOP-100 lists for the Donetsk and Luhansk regions (3,47 and 3,34 in accordance with the threshold rate of severity in both cases, see Tab.1), the distribution process by severity rate in the specified regions of the eastern Ukraine is quiet indifferent. As for the first case, there is predominance of the facilities with the hard range of severity over the medium noticeable (55,1% over 37,8%). -10- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

On 20/01/2015 As for the second case – on the contrary 38,2 over 60,5%. Taking into consideration during the shelling the significant importance of the facilities being in the slight range of severity in of Donetsk, the both Lists (7,1% and 1,3 % correspondingly), it could be stated that the range of the infrastructure components hazardous facilities rate in the Donetsk region is quiet different and contrast. It could of the Donetsk Iron be connected with their scale peculiars, state and other different factors (e.g. radio- and Steel Works were nuclear threat). damaged, namely: open hearth and rolling mill It should be noted that the significant part (over 30%) among 174 hazardous facilities in workshops, distribution the Donetsk and Luhansk region, are included to the Lists «TOP-100» and located in station and the 8-th close proximity to the contact line. This fact increases the likelihood of anthropogenic control post - due to emergencies under conditions of the armed conflict in many times. Actually there are the direct hit of the many cases has already happened. shells. The utility systems All the hazardous facilities, listed in the TOP-10 of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions intended for production use as well as diesel are divided into 7 cartographical layers by their activity types and the character of locomotive - due to the the potential threat. hit of shell fragments

-11- DONBAS: Territory of eXistence The map of hazardous thermal and power facilities

Power Plants

9 facilities

-12- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

The map of hazardous processing facilities

Processing Plants

34 facilities

-13- DONBAS: Territory of eXistence The map of water treatment facilities

Water Conditioning Stations

18 facilities

-14- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

The map of hazardous chemical and machine building facilities

Chemical and Machine- building Plants

45 facilities

-15- DONBAS: Territory of eXistence The map of hazardous facilities intended for chemical substances storage

Storages of hazardous substances

41 facilities

-16- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

The map of hazardous facilities intended for explosives storage

Explosive Depots

20 facilities

-17- DONBAS: Territory of eXistence The map of radiation hazardous facilities

Radiation Hazardous Facilities

7 facilities

-18- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

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"TOP-10" Facilities The complexes of the extreme danger are especially notable among the hazardous facilities in Donetsk and Luhansk region. They are taken from the facilities, added to the previous TOP-100 list and classified by their territory (adjacently located) and cummulative effect to the environmental components. After such classification they are subsequently added to the relative TOP-10 list.

Among TOP-10 of the hazardous facilities (complexes of facilities) in the Donetsk region: 5 of them are located on the territories controlled by the Ukrainian State, 4 – on the territories beyond the control of the Ukrainian State and 1 – the facility extending to the both types of territories. All the complexes from 10 being located within the Donetsk region, include the facilities of increased danger, 9 of them make fire, explosive and chemical treat, and 1 of them – radionuclear treat. Such facilities are also included to the relative list of critical infrastructure facilities.

Among TOP-10 of the hazardous facilities (complexes of facilities) in the Luhansk region: 6 of them are located on the territories controlled by the Ukrainian State, 3 – on the territories beyond the control of the Ukrainian State and 1 – the facility extending to the both types of territories. All the complexes from 10 being located within the Luhansk region, include the facilities of increased danger, 10 of them make fire and explosive treat, 9 of them – chemical treat. Such facilities are also included to the relative list of critical infrastructure facilities.

Except the mentioned value HAZARD SEVERITY RATING, for each facility (facility complex), specified in the relative TOP-10 lists , the following values have been additionally added: HAZARD LIKELIHOOD, and through their combination of the Matrix of Risks – the levels of HAZARD RISK RATING as per the corresponding indexes and categories (see Tab.1-4): -20- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Tab. 1. Hazard’s Severity Rating (Categories) Hazard’s Severity Rating No Average value range Category Group 5 4,50 – 5,00 catastrophic heavy 4 3,50 – 4,49 critical 3 2,50 – 3,49 marginal middle 2 1,50 – 2,49 serious 1 1,00 – 1,49 negligible light

Tab. 2. Hazard’s likelihood rating (categories) Hazard’s Likelihood Rating No Average value range Category Group 5 4,50 – 5,00 almost certain frequent 4 3,50 – 4,49 likely 3 2,50 – 3,49 possible intermittent 2 1,50 – 2,49 unlikely 1 1,00 – 1,49 almost incredible rare

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Tab. 3. Matrix of hazard’s risks almost Likelihood very unlikely unlikely possible likely incredible Severity Scores 1 2 3 4 5

negligible 1 1 2 3 4 5

serious 2 2 4 6 8 10

marginal 3 3 6 9 12 15

critical 4 4 8 12 16 20

catastrophic 5 5 10 15 20 25

Tab. 4. Hazard’s Risk Rating (Levels) Hazard’s Risk Rating No Index Category Group Acceptability 5 21-25 extreme high unacceptable 4 16-20 dangerous 3 9-15 significant medium tolerable 2 4-8 moderate 1 1-3 insignificant low acceptable

-22- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Tab. 5. The lists of the hazardous facilities located in the Luhansk region (TOP-10, hazard’s risk levels) Hazard's Hazard's Hazard’s Risk No Economic entity description Facilities Location Severity Likelihood Index Category 1 Alchevs’k Coke Processing Plant Alchevsk city catastrophic likely 19,55 dangerous Lisichansk Petroleum 2 Lisichansk city catastrophic almost certain 22,50 extreme Investment Company 3 Lisichanskaya Soda Lisichansk city catastrophic possible 16,25 dangerous

4 Rubizhne Chemical Works «Zoria» Rubizhne city catastrophic likely 17,50 dangerous

5 Rubizhansk Colorant Works Rubizhne city catastrophic possible 16,25 dangerous Chemical Association Named Chrustal’niy city, 6 catastrophic possible 15,00 significant After G.I. Petrovs’kiy Petrovs’ke city 7 Severodonetsk Association Azot Severodonetsk city catastrophic likely 18,75 dangerous Ge «Ukrtransgas» Kremins’kyi district, 8 catastrophic likely 20,00 dangerous Njsc «Naftogas Ukraine» Chervonopopivka 9 Luhansk Aircraft Repair Plant Luhansk city critical almost certain 22,00 extreme

10 Luhansk CHP Schast’ya city catastrophic almost certain 25,00 extreme

Among hazardous facilities specified in TOP-10 of Luhansk region, according to the corresponding List (see. Tab.5) as per hazard’s severity rating all plants belong to a heavy group (mostly catastrophic category) and according to a Hazard’s Likelihood Rating - to a frequent group (7 of 10 facility complexes are classified as likely and almost incredible categories, 4 and 3 correspondingly). As a result, all hazardous facilities of Luhansk region as per the reference level of «TOP-10» have a high, unacceptable level of risk (mainly an extreme category) and require implementation of appropriate measures: urgent attention at the level of senior and corporate managers to reduce risks, compilation and implementation of the target action plan to reduce these risks to the acceptable level. -23- DONBAS: Territory of eXistence Tab. 6. The lists of the hazardous facilities located in the Donetsk region (TOP-10, hazard’s risk levels) Hazard's Hazard's Hazard’s Risk No Economic entity description Facilities Location Severity Likelihood Index Category Ilyich Iron And Steel Works Of 1 Mariupol city catastrophic almost certain 24,00 extreme Mariupol Donetsk Steel – Iron And Steel 2 Donetsk city catastrophic almost certain 24,00 extreme Works 3 Inkor and Co Torets city critical almost certain 22,00 extreme

4 Yenakievo Iron And Steel Works Yenakievo city catastrophic almost certain 21,60 extreme

5 Makiivskyi Iron And Steel Works Makiivka city catastrophic almost certain 24,00 extreme

6 Horlovskiy State Chemical Plant Horlivka city catastrophic almost certain 25,00 extreme

7 Avdiivka Coking Plant Avdiivka city catastrophic almost certain 25,00 extreme Donetsk State-Owned Chemicals 8 Donetsk city catastrophic almost certain 25,00 extreme Plant Mykytrtut’ (Mykitivs’kiy Mercury 9 Horlivka city catastrophic almost certain 23,75 extreme Plant) 10 Vuglegirska Hps Svetlodars’k city catastrophic almost certain 24,00 extreme

Among hazardous facilities specified in TOP-10 of Donetsk region, according to the corresponding List (see. Tab.6) as per hazard’s severity rating all plants belong to a heavy group (mostly catastrophic category) and according to a Hazard’s Likelihood Rating - to a frequent group (mostly almost certain category). As a result, all hazardous facilities of Donetsk region as per the reference level «TOP-10» have a high, unacceptable level of risk (mainly an extreme category) and require appropriate measures adoption: urgent attention at the level of senior and corporate managers to reduce risks, compilation and implementation of the target action plan to reduce these risks to the acceptable level. -24- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology The map of the hazardous facilities in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions (TOP-10)

-25- DONBAS: Territory of eXistence In order to make more fundamental analysis of each facility, specified in TOP-10 Lists, the qualitative indexes of the influence to people’s health and environmental components were estimated in accordance with the raw of criterions and the degree of such influence under conditions of two different situations: retrospective (with relative observance of technological regulations in peace time) and forecasted (in accordance with the scenario of emergencies/destructions under condition of armed conflict escalation) (see Tab.7). Tab. 7. Influence of the Facility (Criterions) Influence of the facility No Criterions Parameters Abbreviation Positive Pos 1 Quality Negative Neg Direct D 2 Indirect influence Indirect InD Temporary Temp 3 Duration Constant Const Short Term S-Term Consequences 4 Medium Term M-Term duration Long Term L-Term Local L 5 Magnitude Regional R Extra regional XR Major 6 Degree Medium

-26- Minor Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

General differences in the risk levels of TOP-10 hazardous facilities in Donetsk and Luhansk regions are determined, in general, by different average values, characterizing the probability of the danger appearance in two regions. Whereas such a difference in values is explained by the peculiarities of the location of these plants in relation to the contact line and the so-called «security zone» (Zone of Separation of heavy- weapons) in the Donetsk region, as well as the presence of numerous facts of vast majority damage. In general, in the predicted scenario of destruction in conditions of armed conflict, the negative impact of the hazardous objects (located within the these two areas) on the environmental components specified in TOP-10 will be increased (with the exception of climate, the actual impact on which will actually be eliminated) and in many cases can lead to irreversible changes in the state of the separate components (soil, underground waters, biodiversity). 8 facilities from TOP-10 of hazardous facilities in the Donetsk region as per the relevant List had a significant (mainly large and medium degree) negative influence on environmental components in peacetime. In an armed conflict conditions, the negative impact will be also increased. Therefore, the magnitude of such impact for 6 of 10 complexes will be also spreaded. First of all, the state of flora, fauna and biodiversity (6 facilities), less likely - water resources (3 facilities) and health of the population (2 facilities) will be affected by such negative impact. According to the TOP-10 of the hazardous facilities of Luhansk region and the relevant List (mostly large and medium degree) 5 objects had a negative impact on environmental components in peacetime. In the armed conflict conditions the negative impact will be predominantly be increased, and its magnitude for 7 of 10 complexes will be grown. Most of the components of the environment and public health (6 objects) undergo a significant increase of negative impact, however, in certain cases related to the chemical industry enterprises work termination, the negative impact on the soil state probably will be reduced. The general differences in the dynamics of impact of TOP-10 Donetsk and Luhansk regions hazardous facilities in the conditions of armed conflict are determined by different sectoral composition of these objects in two regions (metallurgy and coke chemistry in the first, and chemistry in the second), as well as the peculiarities of dislocation related to facilities under special protection at the state level (natural reserve fund, historical-cultural and scientific heritage). -27- DONBAS: Territory of eXistence RESUME

Significant differences (sometimes the unique peculiarities) of hazards (actual and prospective) have been detected during assessment of the hazardous facilities and their complexes being associated to the level «TOP-10» of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, as well as dynamics and prospectives of such influence under conditions of the armed conflict. The process of facilities’ restriction to the level of relative complexes having territorial peculiarities and cumulative effect to the environmental components (including population) has only extended the list of threats, being the base to actual and/or prospective change of industrial and environmental safety of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions.

That is why the Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology considers necessary to continue such work. The further stages will be making the detailed description of each of the hazardous facilities (and their complexes) specified in TOP-10 of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions (in total – 20 complexes). In such description should be specified the basic peculiarities of the treats (actual and prospective), especially under conditions of the armed conflict continuation on the eastern Ukraine as per the most probable scenarios.

-28- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

-29- Luhansk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #1 ALCHEVS’K COKE PROCESSING PLANT CATASTROPHIC HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: The enterprise belongs to facilities of increased danger of class I, increased LIKELY fire, explosive and chemical hazard, critical infrastructure of category II. INDEX OF RISK: 19.55 Chemical hazard grade within AU - 1, the part of the territories being within CATEGORY OF RISK: the zone of possible chemical contamination - 100%. DANGEROUS

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-30- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

ASSESSMENT OF THE ARMED CONFLICT IMPACT ON THE STATE OF TECHNOGENIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF THE FACILITY The presence of the abovementioned hazardous facilities impact to the environmental components gives us the opportunity to make a conclusion regarding such influence within variety of conditions:

Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation PJSC «ALCHEVS’K Component COKE conflict) of armed conflict) PROCESSING PLANT» Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration Legal address: 93400, population Luhansk region, health Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Severodonetsk city, air Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Temp ShTerm XR 20-a Vilesova str. water Neg InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Actual address: 94223, Luhansk ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R region, Alchevsk state of city, Chervonyh flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R partyzaniv str., 1. climatic Legal entity Code: factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — — 00190816

Legend HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Positive Pos Negative Neg - Processing of coke coal tar, benzole, spirit of sulphur, ammonium sulfate. Direct D - Facility No. 4, 5. Indirect InD - Benzole sepaINDEX OF RISK workshop with benzole storage. Temporary Temp Constant Const - Workshop No.2 - spirit of sulphur storage. Short Term ShTerm Landfill for industrial waste storing of 10.5 hectares. Medium Term MTerm Long Term LTerm Local L Regional R Extra regional ХR Major Medium Minor -31- Luhansk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities #2 LISICHANSK PETROLEUM INVESTMENT HAZARD SEVERITY: COMPANY CATASTROPHIC The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: danger of class I, increased fire and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of ALMOST CERTAIN the category II. INDEX OF RISK: 22.50 Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1, the part of the territories being within CATEGORY OF RISK: the zone of possible chemical contamination – 100%. EXTREME The facility has the mutual borders with the territories being the part of Ukrainian Emerald network. They have a status of special nature reserve territories: - 6,4km in the northwest direction are located the areas of the National Natural Park «Sviyati Hory» – individual code UA 0000029; - 9,2km in the northwest direction are located the areas of National Natural Park «Kreminskiy forests» - individual code UA 0000069.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-32- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

PJSC Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation «LISICHANSK conflict) of armed conflict) PETROLEUM INVESTMENT Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude COMPANY» (PJSC influence duration influence duration Criterion «LIPIC») population Legal adress: health Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Temp LTerm R 93113, Luhansk air Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Temp ShTerm XR region, Lisichansk, 371 Sverdlova str., water Neg InD Const LTerm R Neg InD Const LTerm R office 1-a. ground, soil Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Actual address: Lisichansk-17. state of Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR flora, fauna Legal entity Code: climatic 32292929 factors Neg InD Const LTerm XR — — — — —

Legend Positive Pos HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Negative Neg The main production site of PJSC «LIPIC»: oil processing installation, purification Direct D plants. Indirect InD Temporary Temp Silt areas, slag collectors and slime dump (4,5 km from Topolivka village). Constant Const The facility manufactures petrochemical products namely: automotive gasoline, Short Term ShTerm diesel fuel, aviation kerosene, fuel oil, polypropylene, liquefied petroleum gas, Medium Term MTerm sulfur, road and roofing bitumen, methyl tert-butyl ether. Long Term LTerm Local L Regional R Extra regional ХR Major Medium Minor -33- Luhansk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #3 LISICHANSKAYA SODA CATASTROPHIC The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: danger of class I; fire, chemical and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of POSSIBLE the category II. INDEX OF RISK: 16.25 Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1, the part of the territories being within CATEGORY OF RISK: the zone of possible chemical contamination – 100%. The facility has the DANGEROUS mutual borders with the territories included to the List of Ukrainian Emerald network. They have a status of special nature reserve territories: - On the distance 9,4 km to the northwest direction are located the areas of the National Park «Kreminskiy forests» – individual code UA 0000069; - On the distance 18 km in the west direction are located the areas of the National Park «Sviyati Hory» – individual code UA 0000029.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-34- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation OJSC «Lisichanskaya conflict) of armed conflict) soda» Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Legal address: Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration 93105, Luhansk region, Lisichansk, population 1 Krasna str. health Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/inD Temp LTerm R air Legal entity Code: Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Const LTerm XR 00204889 water Neg InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR (non-operation) ground, soil Neg D Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R state of flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm R climatic factors — — — — — — — — — —

Legend Positive Pos HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Negative Neg The facility has carried out the production of sodium carbonate and baking Direct D soda, liquid ammonium chloride, liquid and solid calcium chloride, gypsum, building Indirect InD and technological lime, polyethylene films, household chemicals, synthetic and Temporary Temp laundry detergents, etc. Constant Const Short Term ShTerm Station for drainage and collection of ammonia water and sulfuric ammonium. Medium Term MTerm Slag storages of industrial wastes from activity of non-specific production Nos.2, Long Term LTerm 3, 4 with the overall area 133 ha, sludge areas Nos.1, 2 with overall area each Local L 2 2 420 m , sandy area with overall area 210 m . Regional R Extra regional ХR Major Medium Minor -35- Luhansk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #4 RUBIZHNE CHEMICAL WORKS "ZORIA" CATASTROPHIC HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: The enterprise belongs to facilities of increased danger of class I, increased LIKELY fire, explosive and chemical hazard, critical infrastructure of category I. INDEX OF RISK: 17.50 Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1, the part of the territories being within CATEGORY OF RISK: the zone of possible chemical contamination – 100%. DANGEROUS The facility is adjacent to the territories that are included in the Emerald network of Ukraine and have special conservation status: National Natural Park «Kreminsky Forests» is located at the distance of 1 km in the southwest direction - individual code UA 0000069. Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-36- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation Rubizhne Chemical Works ‘‘Zoria’’ conflict) of armed conflict) (RCW ‘‘ZORIA’’) Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Legal address: Criterion influence duration influence duration 93001, Luhansk region, Rubizhne, 1 population Zavodskaya str. health Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/inD Const LTerm R air Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Temp ShTerm XR Legal entity Code: 14308351 water Neg D Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm R state of flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR climatic factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — —

Legend Positive Pos HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Negative Neg Production of industrial explosives based on TNT. Base explosives storages. Direct D Workshop for effluent water neutralization and purification. Sludge collector Indirect InD with an area of 10,3674 ha on the distance of 18 km from Fugarivka village in Temporary Temp the southwest direction for storage of industrial wastes of 2-3 hazard INDEX Constant Const OF RISK (salty wastes of dibutylphthalate, unsuitable chemical products, sludge Short Term ShTerm deposits of carbamide of formaldehyde resins, neutralized technical iron sulfate Medium Term MTerm etc.). Long Term LTerm Local L Regional R Extra regional ХR Major Medium Minor -37- Luhansk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #5 RUBIZHANSK COLORANT WORKS CATASTROPHIC HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: The enterprise belongs to facilities of increased danger of class I, increased POSSIBLE fire, explosive and chemical hazard, critical infrastructure of category I. INDEX OF RISK: 16.25 Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1, the part of the territories being within CATEGORY OF RISK: the zone of possible chemical contamination – 100%. DANGEROUS The facility is adjacent to the territories that are included in the Emerald network of Ukraine and have special conservation status: Branches of National Natural Park «Kreminsky Forests» are located at the distance of 10 m in the south and west directions – individual code UA 0000069.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-38- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation «RUBIZHANSK COLORANT conflict) of armed conflict) WORKS» Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Legal address: Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration 50045, Dnipropetrovsk population region, Krivoi Rog, health Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/inD Temp LTerm R Okruzhna str., 127. air Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Temp ShTerm XR Actual address: water Neg D Const LTerm XR Neg D/inD Const LTerm XR 93000, Luhansk region, Rubizhne ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/inD Const LTerm XR city, 2 Chimikov str. state of Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Legal entity Code: flora, fauna 32803997 climatic factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — —

Legend Positive Pos HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Negative Neg The main production site: 7 process and 5 auxiliary workshops. Production of Direct D aniline-dye products, colorants for polymeric materials, water-dispersed paints, Indirect InD varnishes, pesticides, plastics, resins, aniline-dye products etc. Temporary Temp Constant Const An open bunker of highly mineralized drains with an area of 0.66 hectares Short Term ShTerm for extremely hazardous waste, treatment facilities (Rubizhne city). Storage for Medium Term MTerm industrial waste of 2-4 hazard grades with an area of 10.8103 hectares (Fugarivka Long Term LTerm village at a distance of approximately 20,5 km in the southwest direction). Local L Regional R Extra regional ХR Major Medium Minor -39- Luhansk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #6 CHEMICAL ASSOCIATION CATASTROPHIC HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: NAMED AFTER G.I. PETROVS’KIY POSSIBLE INDEX OF RISK: 15.00 The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased CATEGORY OF RISK: danger of class I, increased fire and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of SIGNIFICANT the category I Chemical hazard grade within AU – 2, the part of the territories being within the zone of possible chemical contamination – 30-50%.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-40- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation CHEMICAL ASSOCIATION conflict) of armed conflict) NAMED AFTER G.I. Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude PETROVS’KIY. Criterion influence duration influence duration Governmental population enterprise health Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R «Ukrvibuhprom» of air the National Concern Neg D Const LTerm L Neg D Const LTerm XR «Ukroboronprom» water Neg InD Const LTerm L Neg InD Const LTerm XR Legal address: 94540, Luhansk ground, soil Neg InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR region, Chrustal’niy state of city, Petrovs’ke city flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R (Petrovo-Krasnosill’ya city), 1 Lenina str. climatic Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — — Legal entity Code: factors 14312683

Legend Positive Pos HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Negative Neg Manufacturing of the explosive substances for industrial use (mining industry etc.) Direct D and the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, ballistic gunpowder, pyrotechnical devices, Indirect InD disposal of ammunition unsuitable for use and storage, household chemical Temporary Temp goods, paints and lacquers, foamed rubber goods, polyethylene, linoleum, etc. Constant Const Short Term ShTerm Facility No.1: production area of nitroester, ammonia refrigeration unit, gunpowder Medium Term MTerm production, acids denitration and concentration processes. Boiler room and the Long Term LTerm main workshops. Local L Facility No.2. Storage of the finished products and special raw materials. Filter Regional R station. Field of disposal of explosive industrial wastes with overall area 1,36 ha Extra regional ХR on the distance of 1,05km from Butkevich village (trial site). Major Medium Minor -41- Luhansk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #7 SEVERODONETSK ASSOCIATION AZOT CATASTROPHIC HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: The enterprise belongs to facilities of increased danger of class I, increased LIKELY fire, explosive and chemical hazard, critical infrastructure of category II. INDEX OF RISK: 18.75 Chemical hazard grade within AU - 1, the territories in the area of possible CATEGORY OF RISK: chemical pollution - 100%. DANGEROUS The facility is adjacent to the territories that are included in the Emerald network of Ukraine and have special conservation status: National Natural Park «Kreminsky Forests» is located at the distance of 3,2 km in the northwest direction – individual code UA 0000069.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-42- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

PrJSC Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation «SEVERODONETSK conflict) of armed conflict) ASSOСIATION AZOT» Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration Legal address: 94403, population Luhansk region, health Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Temp LTerm R Severodonetsk city, air Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Temp ShTerm XR 5 Pivovarova str. water Neg InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Temp LTerm XR Legal entity Code: ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR 33270581 state of flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR climatic factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — —

HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Legend Positive Pos - Two workshops for ammonia production, production hall of formalin, derivatives Negative Neg of vinyl acetate and formalin, methanol production workshop, workshop for Direct D acetic acid production, shop for acetylene and vinyl acetate production, shop for Indirect InD production of ammonia, potassium and sodium nitrate. - Nitric acid production plant. Temporary Temp - Workshop for ketones and organic acids production. The urea and coal- Constant Const emulsion salts production unit. Air separation and carbon dioxide production Short Term ShTerm workshop. Petrol filling station. Medium Term MTerm - Workshop for steam supply and general industrial communications. External Long Term LTerm water supply workshop. Local L - Workshop of industrial wastes neutralization and purification. Landfill for waste Regional R products of hazard classes 1-4 of 6,52 hectares area (Fugarivka village at a Extra regional ХR distance of approximately 12 km in the southwest direction), sludge collectors Major of 22,268 hectares total area (Pavlograd village), sludge collector (the district of Medium Lisova Dacha village). Minor -43- Luhansk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #8 GE "Ukrtransgas" CATASTROPHIC NJSC "Naftogas Ukraine" HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: LIKELY The enterprise belongs to facilities of increased danger of class I, increased fire, explosive and chemical hazard, critical infrastructure of category I. INDEX OF RISK: 20.00 CATEGORY OF RISK: Chemical hazard grade within AU: DANGEROUS - Chervonopopivka underground storage of gas – 2, the part of the territories being within the zone of possible chemical contamination – 17,5%; - Vergunsk underground storage of gas – 1, the part of the territories being within the zone of possible chemical contamination – 100%.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-44- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

GE «UKRTRANSGAS» Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation NJSC «NAFTOGAS conflict) of armed conflict) UKRAINE» Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Legal address: 01021, Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration Kyiv, 9/1 Klovskiy uzviv. population health Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Actual address: Luhansk, air Neg D Const LTerm L Neg D Temp LTerm XR Kremins’kyi district, water Neg InD Const LTerm R Neg InD Const LTerm XR Chervonopopivka; Slov’yanoserebrs’kiy ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D Const LTerm R district, Metalist village state of Legal entity Code: flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR 30019801 climatic factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — —

Legend HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Positive Pos Negative Neg Chervonopopivka underground storage of gas - 0.42 billion cubic meters of gas. Direct D Vergunsk underground storage of gas - 0.4 billion cubic meters of gas. Indirect InD Temporary Temp The facilities are adjacent to the territories that are included in the Emerald Constant Const network of Ukraine and have special conservation status: Short Term ShTerm Chervonopopivka underground storage of gas – 6 km to the south-east of the Medium Term MTerm National Natural Park «Kreminsky Forests», individual code UA0000069; Long Term LTerm Vergunsk underground storage of gas – 6,3 km to the east of Lugansk Nature Local L Reserve (national heritage of Ukraine (doc. 65 Assessment Methodology)) - Regional R individual code UA 0000209. Extra regional ХR Major Medium Minor -45- Luhansk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #9 LUHANSK AIRCRAFT REPAIR PLANT CRITICAL The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: danger of class I, fire, chemical and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of ALMOST CERTAIN the category I. INDEX OF RISK: 22.00 Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1, the part of the territories being within CATEGORY OF RISK: the zone of possible chemical contamination – 100%. EXTREME The facility has the mutual borders with the territories of Luhansk Nature Reserve: - On the distance of 12,7 km to the north-east direction is located the Stanitsa Luhanskaya branch of Nature Reserve – individual code UA 0000209; - Such territories are considered as the National Heritage of Ukraine. Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-46- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation Governmental conflict) of armed conflict) Enterprise «Luhansk Aircraft Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Repair Plant» Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration (GE «LARP»), State concern population «Ukroboronprom» health Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R of the Ministry of air Neg D Const LTerm L Neg D Temp ShTerm XR Defence of Ukraine water Neg InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Legal address: 91004, Luhansk, ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR 180 Gostra Mohyla district. state of Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR flora, fauna Legal entity Code: climatic 08215600 factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — —

Legend Positive Pos HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Negative Neg The main production site: maintenance of aircraft engines, fuel, oil and air system’s Direct D units, parts of electro-automatic units, predominance of aviation engines for Indirect InD industry and agriculture, manufacturing of aluminum radiators for cooling and Temporary Temp heating of passenger vehicles, manufacturing of PET preforms for food and Constant Const technical liquids, etc. Short Term ShTerm Medium Term MTerm Storage of extremely poisonous substances. Long Term LTerm Local L Regional R Extra regional ХR Major Medium Minor -47- Luhansk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #10 LUHANSK CHP CATASTROPHIC The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: danger of class I, increased fire and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure ALMOST CERTAIN of the category I. Chemical hazard grade within AU – 4, the part of the INDEX OF RISK: 25.00 territories being within the zone of possible chemical contamination – < 10%. CATEGORY OF RISK: The facility has the mutual borders with the territories of Luhansk Nature EXTREME Reserve: Areas included to the List of Ukrainian Emerald network – with the following individual codes - UA 0000020, UA 0000209. They have a status of special nature reserve territories; Such territories are considered as the National Heritage of Ukraine. Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-48- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation «DTEK S’hidenergo» Ltd. conflict) of armed conflict) SU «Luhansk Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences CHP» Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration Legal address: 85612, Donetsk population Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Temp MTerm XR region, Mariyinka health district, Kurakhove air Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Temp ShTerm XR city, 34 Energetikiv str. water Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Temp ShTerm XR Standalone Unit ground, soil actual address: Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR 91480, Luhansk state of region, Schast’ya flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Temp LTerm XR city, 10 Haharina climatic str. factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — — Legal entity Code: 31831942 Legend Positive Pos HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Negative Neg The main production site: boiler and turbine workshop, chemical workshop, Direct D electrical workshop, process preparation workshop road transport workshop, fuel Indirect InD and transport workshop, oil tank. Temporary Temp Constant Const Dike, slag storages, section No.6 of the ash-pit No.2, ash-pit No.3, industrial site Short Term ShTerm for storage of construction and lining wastes, reservoir of bottom sediments. Medium Term MTerm Long Term LTerm Local L Regional R Extra regional ХR Major Medium Minor -49- Donetsk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #1 ILYICH IRON AND STEEL WORKS CATASTROPHIC OF MARIUPOL HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: ALMOST CERTAIN The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased INDEX OF RISK: 24.00 danger of class I, increased fire and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of the category I. CATEGORY OF RISK: EXTREME Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1. At the distance of 8,4 km to south-eastern direction and 14,8 km to south- western direction from the facility is located the National Nature Park «Meotida». This park is included to the list of Ukrainian Emerald network with individual code UA 0000065 and is assigned with a status of special nature reserve territories. Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-50- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

PJSC «Ilyich Iron Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation and Steel Works of conflict) of armed conflict) Mariupol» («Ilyich ISWM») Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration Legal/actual address: 87054, population Mariupol city, 1 health Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Temp LTerm XR Levchenka str. air Neg D Const LTerm XR Neg D Const LTerm XR Legal entity Code: water Neg D Const LTerm XR Neg D Const LTerm XR 00191129 ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR state of flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR climatic factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — —

HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Legend PJSC «Ilyich Iron and Steel Works» consists of the 4 main manufacturing complexes: Positive Pos chemical and metallurgical production, agglomeration and blast furnace, steel melting as Negative Neg well as rolling mill complexes. Direct D Chemical and metallurgical production (in Dons’kiy village, Volnovacha region) intended Indirect InD for production of: arc welding electrodes and wires of specified types; ceramic fluxes; Temporary Temp flux-cored wires; water-dispersion acrylic paints and primers; lime paste. Constant Const Agglomeration and blast furnace complex consists of: agglomeration plant of Iron and Short Term ShTerm Steel Works (12 sintering machines with projected sintering area 85 m2 each); blast Medium Term MTerm furnace workshop (5 blast furnaces with overall capacity 8 635 m3, 4 casting machines Long Term LTerm and section for cast iron desulfurization); slag processing and wastes disposal workshop Local L where the liquid blastfurnace slag is treated. Regional R Steel melting complex consists of: converter workshop (3 converters 160t each, carbon Extra regional ХR steel and low carbon steel melting; 3 slab continuous casting machines for blanks Major melting); openhearth workshop (first – furnace with capacity 650t and two furnaces Medium with capacity 900t each); limekiln workshop (two shaft furnaces of Merc type with Minor annual capacity 373 thousand tons of lime). -51- Donetsk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #2 DONETSK STEEL – IRON CATASTROPHIC AND STEEL WORKS HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: ALMOST CERTAIN The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased INDEX OF RISK: 24.00 danger of class I, increased fire and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of CATEGORY OF RISK: the category I. EXTREME Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1. On the distance of 3-5 km in the in the north-eastern direction from the facility’s areas is located the Donetsk Botanical Garden being the National Heritage of Ukraine.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-52- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation PJSC «DONETSK STEEL-IRON AND conflict) of armed conflict) STEEL WORKS» Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Legal address: Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration 85300, Donetsk region, Pokrovsk population city, Torgivelna str., health Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Temp LTerm R 106-А. air Neg D Const LTerm L Neg D Const LTerm R Actual address: water Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR 83062, Donetsk region, Donetsk, ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Leninskiy district, state of 141 Ivana flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Tkachenko str. climatic Legal entity Code: factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — — 30939178

HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Legend Positive Pos PJSC «DONETSK STEEL–IRON AND STEEL WORKS» – the nonintegrated enterprise. Negative Neg It consists of: blast furnace, electric steelmaking, foundry productions, combined heat Direct D and power station as well as steam and blowing station. The plant also includes Indirect InD drop and hammer, repair and construction, machine, gas, railway, structural as well as electric-repair workshops, Polezhakivs’k dumps, motor-vehicle administration. Blast Temporary Temp furnace production (blast furnace workshop) is considered to be the main production Constant Const unit; the others are auxiliary ones. Short Term ShTerm Medium Term MTerm Polezhakivs’k slag dumps intention is to be the place where industrial wastes of Long Term LTerm metallurgical production are stored. The following works are conducted at the dumps Local L territory: production of granulated slag from blast furnace slag; production of finished Regional R sand and rubbly mixtures as well as fractional rubble from steel and melting slags. Extra regional ХR Over 6 mln m3 of slag is stored at the dumps. Annualy from 300 to 500 Major thousand tones of industrial wastes are placed to the dumps territory. The area Medium of Polezhakivs’k dumps and slag storage of «Donetsk Steel» Iron and Steel Works Minor makes 88 ha. -53- Donetsk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #3 INKOR AND Co CRITICAL The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: danger of class I, fire, chemical and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of ALMOST CERTAIN the category I. INDEX OF RISK: 22.00 Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1. CATEGORY OF RISK: On the distance of 14 km to the north-west direction is located the Regional EXTREME Landscape garden «Kleban Bick» being included to the List of the Ukrainian Emerald network – individual code UA 0000064. These territories are also assigned with a status of special nature reserve territories.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-54- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation Research and Production conflict) of armed conflict) Association Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences «Inkor and Co.» Ltd. Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration (RPA «Inkor and Co.» Ltd) population health Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Legal address: 84534, Donetsk region, air Neg D Const LTerm L Neg D Const LTerm R Mariupol, Nakhimova water Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Const LTerm XR avenue, 116А, b.184 Actual address: ground, soil Neg D Const LTerm L Neg D Const LTerm R 85294, Donetsk state of region, Torets’, flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Novgorods’ke village climatic Legal entity Code: factors Neg InD Const LTerm XR — — — — — 31297266

HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Legend Research and Production Association «Inkor and Co.» (the former Dzerzhinsk phenolic Positive Pos processing plant) – the enterprise of chemical industry with centralized processing of Negative Neg phenol, naphthalene, pyridine raw materials – coke-by products of high-temperature Direct D coal coking. The enterprise produces technical and purified naphthalene, coal-tar phenol, Indirect InD orthocresol, dicresol, tricresol, propellant mixture, corrosion inhibitors, as well as binders Temporary Temp for bulk materials. Hazardous coke production wastes (raw materials) receipt from Constant Const activity of coke and chemical production in Donetsk region is the obligatory condition in Short Term ShTerm order to insure the due production activity. Medium Term MTerm During the processing of the specified chemical raw material a significant amount of Long Term LTerm harmful (hazardous) wastesincluding explosive substances are appeared. They are stored Local L in proximity from the industrial area of the enterprise in the sluge collectors of I and III Regional R order. Presently, the sluge collectors of the I and III order are in critical condition. Extra regional ХR After the start of the armed conflict within the territory of Donetsk region, the transfer Major of hazardous coke and chemical production wastes within the region is extremely limited Medium and/or impossible. Presently the problem of forced storage of these wastes is already Minor actual and urgent within the territories of coke and chemical facilities location. -55- Donetsk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #4 YENAKIEVO IRON AND STEEL WORKS CATASTROPHIC HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: ALMOST CERTAIN The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased INDEX OF RISK: 21.60 danger of class I, fire, chemical and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of CATEGORY OF RISK: the category I. EXTREME Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-56- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation PJSC «Yenakievo Iron and Steel conflict) of armed conflict) Works» (PJSC «YISE») Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration Legal address: 87504, Donetsk population region, Mariupol, health Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Illichivskyi district, air Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Const LTerm R Illicha ave., 54 water Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Actual address: 86429, Donetsk ground, soil Neg D Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR region, Yenakievo, 9 Metallurgiv ave. state of Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R flora, fauna Legal entity Code: climatic 00191193 factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — —

HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Legend PJSC «Yenakievo Iron and Steel Works» («YISW) manufactures continuous casting Positive Pos and hot-rolled billets, standart and profiled section billets from low carbon and low Negative Neg alloyed steels. The facility is the one of the leading Ukrainian enterprises with a Direct D full metallurgical cycle overtaking the spheres from production of agglomerate and Indirect InD pig iron to the production of commercial cast and hot rolled square billet, rolled Temporary Temp products and rolled wire. The structure of the facility includes the following units: Constant Const - Agglomeration and blast furnace production (sinter workshop or sinter plant); Short Term ShTerm blast furnace workshop with the area intended for casting machines (4 blast Medium Term MTerm furnaces); administration on processing and preparation of metallurgical slags and Long Term LTerm scrap metal); Local L - Steel melting production (converter workshop - 3 converters and 2 continuous Regional R casting machines); workshop on limestone and refractory materials processing); Extra regional ХR - Rolling mill products includes the rolling mill workshop only. Major Main workshops are supplied with the utilities by means of: energy management Medium workshops: oxygen workshop, electric and heat generating as well as steam and Minor air blowing station, gas workshop, networks and substations workshop. -57- Donetsk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities HAZARD SEVERITY: #5 MAKIIVSKYI IRON AND STEEL WORKS CATASTROPHIC HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased ALMOST CERTAIN danger of class I, fire, and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of the INDEX OF RISK: 24.00 category I. CATEGORY OF RISK: EXTREME Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1. The metallurgical and coke production of the abovementioned industrial hub occupies the significant area of the Makeyevka city. The negative effect is wide by it’s scale and extends to residential areas located directly in the close proximity to the industrial hub influence zone.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-58- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

PJSC «Makiivskyi Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation Iron and Steel conflict) of armed conflict) Works» Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Legal address: Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration 87504, Donetsk region, Mariupol population city, Illichivskyi health Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R district, Nikopolskyi air Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Const LTerm R ave., 54. water Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Actual address: 86101, Donetsk ground, soil Neg D Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR region, Makiivka, state of 47 Metalurgichna flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R str. climatic Legal entity Code: factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — — 33185989

Legend HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Positive Pos Negative Neg PJSC «Makiivskyi Iron and Steel Works» - full cycle ferrous metallurgy enterprise. Direct D The structure of the facility includes the following units: blast furnace workshop Indirect InD (3 operable blast furnaces from 5), open-hearth workshop (5 open-hearth Temporary Temp furnaces), blooming rolling mill workshop No.1 (blooming machine 1150, machine Constant Const 630), rolling mill workshop No.2 (rolling mill 150, rolling mill 350-1, rolling mill 350- Short Term ShTerm 2). Metallurgical production wastes are exported to Hrihor’yivsk disposal areas. Medium Term MTerm Hrihor’yivsk disposal areas are intended for warehousing of all the metallurgical Long Term LTerm production wastes of the Makeyevka industrial hub. Also, hazardous wastes Local L from coke production are exported and collected here. The total project area of Regional R the disposal area makes 180,0 ha and actually occupies 93,5066 ha. Extra regional ХR Slag disposal area (slag mountain) of the PJSC «Makiivskyi Iron and Steel Works» Major blast furnace workshop is intended for removing the plant blast furnace production Medium wastes both ash sluge. The total area of the disposal area makes 40,52 ha. Minor -59- Donetsk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #6 HORLOVSKIY STATE CHEMICAL PLANT CATASTROPHIC HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: ALMOST CERTAIN The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased INDEX OF RISK: 25.00 danger of class I, fire, and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of the CATEGORY OF RISK: category I. EXTREME Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-60- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation Horlovskiy State Chemical Plant conflict) of armed conflict) (at the stage of suspension from Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude 30.08.2012) Criterion influence duration influence duration Legal/actual population address: 84610, health Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Donetsk region, air Neg D Const LTerm L Neg D Const LTerm XR Horlivka, 5 Scherbakova str. water Neg InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Legal entity Code: ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR 14310945 state of flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R climatic factors — — — — — — — — — —

HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Legend Horlovskiy Chemical Plant – one of the most powerful chemical industry enterprises of Positive Pos the former USSR. The company has manufactured the products being highly requested Negative Neg in the coal mining, mining and military industries (explosives; resins; acids; household Direct D chemical goods. The plant was the only supplying facility of flint trotyl in Ukraine. Indirect InD The facility stopped its production activities in the early 1990’s, but this territory Temporary Temp remains one of the most dangerous places that could cause environmental and Constant Const technological disaster presently. The greater part of the production equipment has Short Term ShTerm been dismantled. 14 units of the explosives treating equipment are still left unmanaged. Medium Term MTerm 2 reserve capacities still contain explosive substance’s remains. About 3 thousand Long Term LTerm tons of industrial waste products are to be exported from the territory of the plant Local L including amino-formaldehyde resins, phenolic alcohols and sulfanol production remaining Regional R substances. 4 capacities containing about a thousand tons of spent acids also to be Extra regional ХR exported. Major The enterprise created two waste disposal areas intended for chemical production Medium wastes. About 2,5 tons of mononitrochlorobenzene and about 30 tones of trotyl are Minor stored at the facility territory. -61- Donetsk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #7 AVDIIVKA COKING PLANT CATASTROPHIC HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased ALMOST CERTAIN danger of class I, fire, and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of the INDEX OF RISK: 25.00 category I. CATEGORY OF RISK: Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1. EXTREME The negative cumulative effect is achieved under the condition of all production areas activity and covers significant part of Avdiivka city including residential areas within the influence zone.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-62- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation PJSC «Avdiivka Coking Plant» conflict) of armed conflict) (PJSC «ACP») Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Legal / actual Criterion influence duration influence duration address: 86065, population Donetsk region, health Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Avdiivka city, Industrial passway, air Neg D Const LTerm L Neg D Const LTerm R 1 water Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Legal entity Code: 00191075 ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R state of flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R climatic factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — —

HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Legend PJSC «ACP» - is one of the largest manufacturing facilities in Ukraine and Europe Positive Pos producing coke products for subcequent use in metallurgy. PJSC «ACP» includes 12 main Negative Neg and 18 auxiliary workshops and service divisions. Direct D Coking coal charge is produced by two coal preparation workshops (the No.1 includes Indirect InD coal preparation plant). Temporary Temp Coke manufacturing is supplied with the energy by 9 coke batteries being a component Constant Const part of 4 coke workshops. Coke workshops are equipped with dry and wet coke Short Term ShTerm quenching instalations. Medium Term MTerm Six «ACP» workshops manufacture chemical products from coal tar and coke oven gas, Long Term LTerm being released during the process of coal charge carbonization. The refined coke oven Local L gas is used for the heating of coke oven batteries, both at the heat and power plant Regional R (CHPP) in order to produce the electricity as well as heat and process steam. Extra regional ХR Cole refining products are stored at the facility’s waste hip with overall area making 46,6 Major ha. The sludge and refining wastes are stored at the sluge collector with the overall Medium area making 101,8 ha. Hazardous wastes of coke production are accumulated in the Minor settler with the overall area making 9,5 ha. -63- Donetsk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #8 DONETSK STATE-OWNED CATASTROPHIC CHEMICALS PLANT HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: ALMOST CERTAIN The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased danger of class I, increased fire and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of INDEX OF RISK: 25.00 the category I. CATEGORY OF RISK: EXTREME Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1. On the distance of 13 km to south-eastern direction from the facility units territory the Donetsk Botanical Garden is located. It was included to the list of the National Heritage of Ukraine.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-64- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation Donetsk State- Owned Chemicals conflict) of armed conflict) Plant (DSOCP) of the State Concern Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude «Ukroboronprom» Criterion influence duration influence duration Legal / actual population address: 83013, health Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Donetsk region, air Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Const LTerm R Donetsk city, Sofiiska str., 1 water Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Const LTerm XR Legal entity Code: ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR 14311844 state of flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR climatic factors Neg InD Const LTerm XR — — — — —

HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Legend DSOCP – is the enterprise that manufactures ammunition, explosive devices and Positive Pos industrial explosives namely: ammonite, grammonite, seismical blocks, trinitrotoluene Negative Neg block, detonators, hoses with metal braiding, rubber seals. The storage of hazardous Direct D substances possibly exists there (namely: orthocresol tricresol, dicresol, xylenols etc.). Indirect InD The following production facilities were created at the plant: deactivation of the Temporary Temp artillery ammunition of small, medium and heavy gauges, separate snooker and trotyl Constant Const equipment, anti-tank mines, detonators, cyclonite containing ammunition with the use Short Term ShTerm of new technologies. Explosive substances extracted from deactivated ammunition are Medium Term MTerm used in order to manufacture the industrial explosives. Long Term LTerm Along with defensive goods, the industrial explosives are being developed and improved Local L at the plant. For these purposes, the workshop for coal industry ammonites and Regional R grammonites is active. The hollow cone charge production is created in order to for Extra regional ХR perforate the exploration and industrial holes for the oil and gas complex. Major The radioactive wastes disposal point (RWDP) is located at the experimental landfill of Medium DSOCP. It was built in 1961. Since 1996, the RWDP has been transferred to the DSOCP Minor structure. -65- Donetsk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #9 MYKYTRTUT’ CATASTROPHIC ( MYKITIVS’KIY MERCURY PLANT ) HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: ALMOST CERTAIN The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased INDEX OF RISK: 23.75 danger of class I, increased fire and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of the category I. CATEGORY OF RISK: EXTREME Chemical hazard grade within AU – 1. The influence is typical by it’s criteria for mercury wastes and substances processing facilities, as well as mercury wastes collection at the disposal areas. The impact has wide negative effect and extends to residential areas and water supply facilities located directly in the zone of influence.

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-66- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation «Mykytrtut» LLC (Mykitivs’kiy conflict) of armed conflict) mercury plant) Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Legal address: Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration 61099, Kharkiv region, Frunzenskyi population district, Kharkiv city, health Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Lodzka str., 7-А. air Neg D Const LTerm L Neg D Const LTerm L Actual address: water Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm R 84630, Ukraine, Donetsk region, ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Horlivka city, state of Shashurina str., b. flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm L Neg D/InD Const LTerm R 2ZH/2. climatic Legal entity Code: factors — — — — — — — — — — 31042103

HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Legend «Mykytrtut» LLC is located on the territory of the former Mykitivs’kiy mercury plant – Positive Pos a powerful non-ferrous metallurgical enterprise in Ukraine, using the Nikitovsky Mercury Negative Neg deposit as the basis of their activity. The main type of ores here is cinnabar (the mercuric Direct D sulphide). The enterprise’s specialization could be listed as follows: the metallic mercury Indirect InD grades Ð-0, Ð-1, Ð-2, mercury compounds as well as treatment of wastes containing Temporary Temp mercury: lamps, accumulators; demercurization. Extractive activity of the company is Constant Const orented mainly on the extraction of «lost» mercury - the one remaining in the soil and Short Term ShTerm structures of the old plant from the time of its activity. Medium Term MTerm Mykitivs’kiy mercury plant included the Mine «2-bis». This mine has carried out the Long Term LTerm extraction of the raw material for mercury production (means cinnabar from Nikitovsky Local L Mercury deposit). The production has been stopped in the early 1990’s. Currently the Regional R mine is ope in water drainage mode. It is strictly prohibited to flood the mine. Extra regional ХR Presently, in conditions of armed conflict, mercury waste incomes to the enterprise are Major extremely limited. There is no realistic alternatives to this facility in Ukraine where the Medium mercury wastes could be recycled. Therefore, the question of an abnormal emergency Minor situation occurance is a concern for the State. -67- Donetsk Region TOP-10 of the most enviromental hazardous facilities

HAZARD SEVERITY: #10 VUGLEGIRSKA HPS CATASTROPHIC HAZARD LIKELIHOOD: The enterprise could be assossiated with the following categories: increased ALMOST CERTAIN danger of class I, increased fire and explosive hazard, critical infrastructure of INDEX OF RISK: 24.00 the category I. CATEGORY OF RISK: Chemical hazard grade within AU – 3. EXTREME Cumulative influence is achieved under the condition of the Mironivs’ka CHP presence on the relatively short distance (about 5km) and it’s activity as well (with the production capacity making 100 MWatt).

Cumulative impact of hazardous facilities

-68- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

Standalone unit of Component Basic (retrospective) impact (without armed Predicted impact (in conditions of aggravation PJSC «Tsentrenergo» conflict) of armed conflict) and Vuglegirska HPS Legal address Indirect Consequences Indirect Consequences Quality Duration Magnitude Quality Duration Magnitude Criterion influence duration influence duration (PJSC «Tsentrenergo»): population Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D/InD Temp ShTerm R 03022, Kyiv, health Holoseyivs’kiy district, air Neg D Const LTerm R Neg D Temp ShTerm R 120/4 E Kozats’ka str. Actual address of water Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D Const LTerm XR SU: 84792, Donetsk ground, soil Neg D/InD Const LTerm R Neg D Temp LTerm XR region, Bahmut distrikt, Svetlodars’k state of city flora, fauna Neg D/InD Const LTerm XR Neg D/InD Temp LTerm XR Legal entity Code: climatic (SU Vuglehirska HPS) factors Neg D Const LTerm XR — — — — — 00131245

Legend HAZARD FACILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION Positive Pos Vuglehirska HPS – is the most powerful power plant of «Tsentrenergo» company Negative Neg and the first largest power generating facility in the Donetsk region. Available Direct D capacity of the facility makes 3600 Mwatt. Number of power generating units Indirect InD – 7. The power generating plant is built in two stages: the first stage has a Temporary Temp capacity 1200 Mwatt and consists of four power generating units with the Constant Const capacity 300 MWatt. It includes the single-hull steam boilers with a steam Short Term ShTerm capacity making 950 tons per hour and turbine units with the capacity making Medium Term MTerm 300 MWatt each. The second stage with the capacity 2400 MWatt includes 3 Long Term LTerm power generating units with the capacity 800 MWatt. It also equipped with a Local L single-hull gas and oil fired boilers having the steam capacity 2650t / h as well Regional R as turbine units with a capacity of 800 MW. Extra regional ХR The system of technical water supply is reversible in the zone of of the Major reservoir created in the valley of the Lugan’ River. The cooling pond has the Medium 2 overall area making 15 km and a maximal depth making 27 m. Minor -69- Annex 1. TOP-100 Luhansk Region

No Economic entity description Facilities Location 1 «State Enterprise «Pervomaysk Coal» Hirs'ke city Krasniy Luch city (Chrustalniy Krasniy Luch United Public Utility «Luhansk Water and Industrial Company» 2 city) 3 «Municipal Public Utility «Municipal Water Service Company» Luhansk city 4 «Standalone Unit «South Administration of Luhanskvoda Company» Luhansk city 5 «Governmental Enterprise «Ukrshahthydrozahist» Krasnodon city (Sorokine city) 6 OJSC «Chrustal'skaya» mine Vahrushevo city 7 «Standalone Unit «Svitlishansk Administration of UPU Luhanskvoda Company» Pervomaysk city 8 «Standalone Unit «Administration on the West Filtering Unit maintenance of Luhanskvoda Company» Luhansk city 9 Rubizhansk administration of Water and Waste Water Services of Rubizhansk City Council (PU «RAWWWS») Rubizhne city 10 «Metals and Polimers» Ltd. (MAP Ltd.) Alchevsk city 11 «Lynos» Ltd Lisichansk city 12 «Logrus-AMT» Ltd. Lisichansk city 13 «OJSC «Lisichansk Industrial Rubber Goods Plant» Lisichansk city 14 Governmental Enterprise «Lisichansk Heat and Power Authority» (GE «LISICHANSK HPA»). Lisichansk city 15 «Governmental Enterprise «Severodonetsk Heat and Power Authority» (GE «SEVERODONETSK HPA») Severodonetsk city 16 «Novofert» Ltd. Severodonetsk city 17 «Svativs'ka Oliya» Ltd. Svatove city 18 «Luhansk Accumulators» Trading Company Ltd. Luhansk city 19 «Shidnaftoprodukt» Ltd. Luhansk city 20 «Luhansk Machine Tools Works» Ltd. («LMTW» Ltd.) Luhansk city 21 PJSC «Luhans'kteplovoz» Luhansk city 22 «Research and Development Enterprise «Luhansk Enamel». Luhansk city «Affiliated Company «Roven'ki Petroleum Bilk Plant» OJSC «Luhansk Oil Products» (AC «ROVEN'KI PETROLEUM Roven'ki city 23 BULK PLANT») 24 «Roven'ki Petroleum Bulk Plant-2004» Ltd Roven'ki city «Stahanov city PJSC «Stahanov Plant of Technical Carbon» 25 (Kadiyivka city)» 26 «Pharmaceutical Сompany «Luhansk Regional Public Utility Pharmatsiya» Luhansk city, 2, Stepoviy tipik str.

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«Stahanov city PJSC «Stahanov Wagon Building Works» (PJSC «SWBW») 27 (Kadiyivka city)» «OJSC «Ukrtransnafta» «Pridneprovsk Main Oil and Gas Pipelines» Lisichansk Regional Oil Pipeline Lisichansk city 28 Management Office 29 «Governmental Enterprise «Lisichansk Administration of Mainline Oil Products» (LISICHANS'K AMOP) Lisichansk city 30 «JSC «Ukrtransnafta» Governmental Joint Stock Company «Naftogas Ukraine» Lisichansk city 31 PJSC «Lisichansk Glass Factory «Proletariy» Lisichansk city Governmantal Joint Stock Company «Naftogas Ukraine» Affiliated Company of «Ukrainian Gas» OJSC Raigorodka village, Antyratsit city, 32 «Lahans'k Gas Svatove city 33 «Affiliated branch CJSC «Ruukki Ukraine» in Antratsit city Krepenskiy village 34 «JSC «Ukrgasvydobuvannya» Stariy Aidar village «Novopskov Gas Pipeline Management Directorate and Gas Pipeline Authority «Donbasstransgas» urban settlement Novopskov 35 Governmental Enterprise «Ukrtransgaz» GJSC «Naftogas Ukraine» «Affiliated Branch of Alchevsk Interdistrict Administration Office on Gas Facilities Management of OJSC Alchevsk city 36 «Luhanskgaz» 37 «Standalone unit «Administration on blasting works» «DTEK Sverdlovantratsyt» Sverdlovs'k city (Dovzhansk city) 38 PJSC «Krasnodon Coal» Suhodol'sk city «Governmental Joint Stock Company «Enterprise on trading and supply management to the enterprise holding Krasniy Luch city (Chrustalniy 39 company «Donbassantratsyt» city) «Administration on coal products distribution as well as material and technical supply of the Governmental Roven'ki city 40 Enterprise «Roven'ki-antratsyt» Krasniy Luch city (Chrustalniy «Governmental Enterprise Krasniy Luch Cold Storage Facility OJSC «Luhansk Holod» 41 city) 42 «CJSC «Lisichansk Meat Processing Factory» Lisichansk city 43 «Affiliated Company «Lisichansk Cold Storage Facility» OJSC «Luhansk Holod» Lisichansk city 44 PJSC «Lisichansk Gelatinous Production Plant» Lisichansk city 45 «Governmental Enterprise «Luhansk Cold Storage Facility» OJSC «Luhansk Holod» Luhansk city 46 «MTK» Ltd Luhansk city PJSC «Luhansk Brewery Works». Luhansk city 47 91019, Luhansk region, Luhansk city, 3 Kirova str.» «Stahanov city «Affiliated Company»Stahanov Cold Storage Facility» of OJSC «Luhansk Holod» 48 (Kadiyivka city)» 49 «Joint Venture «UkrzovnishTradeInvest» Ltd Severodonetsk city

-71- Annex 1. TOP-100 Luhansk Region

«Sorokine city «CJSC «Sorokino Trading House» Krasnodon Milk Processing Factory 50 (Krasnodon city)» 51 «OJSC «SkloPlastik Association» Severodonetsk city «Severodonetsk Production Directorate for Underground Gas Storage GPA «Donbasstransgaz» GE Severodonetsk city 52 «Ukrtransgas» GJSC «Naftogas Ukraine» 53 «HIMSPETSPATENT» Ltd. (Ltd. «HSP») Luhansk city 54 «CJSC «Luhansk Pipe Works» (PJSC «LPW») Luhansk city «Luhansk Gas Pipeline Management Directorate and Gas Pipeline Authority «Donbasstransgas» Governmental Luhansk city 55 Enterprise «Ukrtransgaz» GJSC «Naftogas Ukraine» 56 «Governmental Enterprise «Luhanskiy Patron» (National Concern «Ukroboronprom») Luhansk city 57 «OJSC «TRANSAMIAK». Ukrainian branch of ammonia pipeline directorate GE «Ukrhimtrasamiak» Togliatti - Luhansk region «Stahanov city PJSC «Stahanov Ferro-Alloys Works» 58 (Kadiyivka city)» 59 PJSC «ALCHEVS'K COKE PROCESSING PLANT» Alchevsk city 60 «PJSC»ALCHEVSK INTEGRATED IRON AND STEEL WORKS» (PJSC «AIISW») Alchevsk city PJSC «LISICHANSK PETROLEUM INVESTMENT COMPANY» Lisichansk-17 city 61 (PJSC «LIPIC») «Ethylene storage Lisichansk city 62 PJSC «Lisichansknaftoprodukt» (PJSC «LNP») Lisichansk city 63 «OJSC «Lisichanskaya soda». Lisichansk city 64 «Rubizhne Chemical Works «Zoria» (RCW «ZORIA») Rubizhne city 65 «Rubizhne Chemical Works «Zoria» Ltd. Rubizhne city 66 Governmental enterprize «Chemical works «Pivdenniy» (National Concern «Ukroboronprom»). Rubizhne city 67 «Lizinvest» Ltd. Rubizhne city 68 «RUBIZHANSK COLORANT WORKS» Ltd. Rubizhne city Petrovo-Krasnosill'ya city «Chemical association named after G.I. Petrovs'kiy (National Concern «Ukroboronprom») 69 (Petrovs'ke city) 70 «PrJSC «SEVERODONETSK ASSOСIATION AZOT» Severodonetsk city «Governmental enterpriseScientific and Research Institute of Chemical Technologies «Himtechnologiya» (GE Severodonetsk city 71 «HIMTECHNOLOGIYA») «Severodonetsk Chemical and Metallurgical Plant of the State Enterprise «Zaporozhye Titanium-Magnesium Severodonetsk city 72 Integrated Works»

-72- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

73 «CLARIANT Ukraine» Ltd. Severodonetsk city «GE «Ukrtransgas» NJSC «Naftogas Ukraine» Krasnopoprovsk and Vergunsk underground gas storages. Chervonopopivka city, Luhansk, 74 Presently: JSC «Ukrtransgas» NJSC «Naftogas Ukraine». Slov'yanoserebrs'kiy district, 01021, Kiyiv, 9/1 Klovskiy uzviv» Metalist village 75 «Governmental Enterprise of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine «Luhansk Aircraft Repair Plant» (GE «LARP»). Luhansk city 76 «DTEK S'hidenergo» Ltd. «Luhansk CHP station». Schast'ya city

-73- Annex 2. TOP-100 Donetsk Region

No Economic entity description Facilities Location LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY «PARALLEL-OPT» 1 Sloviansk city (LLC «PARALLEL-OPT») 2 PJSC «DONETSKNAFTOPRODUCT» Donetsk city 3 PJSC «ILYICH IRON AND STEEL WORKS OF MARIUPOL» Mariupol city Volnovaha district, Donske 4 Chemical-metallurgical factory of PJSC «ILYICH IRON AND STEEL WORKS OF MARIUPOL» village «Closed Joint Stock Company «Donetskryba», 5 Donetsk city Private Joint Stock Company «DONETSKRYBA» Work of Limited Liability Company «Donetsk meat processing plant» 6 Donetsk city is terminated» 7 Private Joint Stock Company «Donetsk Coke Plant» Donetsk city PJSC «Donetsk Coke Plant» 8 (PRIVATE JOINT STOCK COMPANY «DONETSK COKE PLANT» Donetsk city (PJSC «DONCOKE»)) PJSC «Foundry «MAGMA» 12 (at the territory of Rutchenkovsk Coking plant) Donetsk city Donetsk city, Kirovskyi district, Korolovoi str., 1 Kostiantynivka state chemical plant 13 Kostiantynivka city 85114, Donetsk region, Kostiantynivka, Shmidta str., 1 Open Joint Stock Company «Vinter» 14 Donetsk city 83102, Donetsk city, Stadionna str., 22 15 Ltd «Inkor & Co, Scientific and Production Association, Limited Liability Company Novgorodske PJSC «YENAKIEVE KOKSOKHIMPROM « 16 Yenakieve city (FROM 01.03.2017 branchNo. 4 CJSC «VNESHTORGSERVIS») 17 Ltd «YENAKIIEVO MEAT-PROCESSING PLANT Yenakiieve city Yasynivka village (between 18 PJSC «Yasynivka Coking Plant» Makiivka city and Yasynuvata city) 19 OJSC «Kramatorsk cold-store complex» Kramatorsk city CJSC «Sarmat» 20 Donetsk city PJSC «EFES Ukraine» 21 CJSC «Artemivsk meat-processing plant» Bakhmut city (Аrtemivsk) -74- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

22 PJSC «Azovstal Iron and Steel Works « Mariupol city 23 PJSC «ILYICH IRON AND STEEL WORKS OF MARIUPOL» slag dump Sartana 24 «Nonworking repository for coking production wastes dumping of OJSC «Markokhim» Sartana 25 OJSC «Alkali-works» (PA «KHIMPROM») Sloviansk city «LLC «Kapakhim-Ukraine» 26 (at the territory of «Khimprom») Sloviansk city from 13.06.2018 LLC «SLAVSYNTEZ» PJSC «MAKYIVKOKS» 27 Makiivka city (from 01.03.2017 Branch No.7 CJSC «VNIESHTORGSERVIS») LLC «Svynets» («Lead») 28 Kostiantynivka city (earlier it was the plant «Ukrtsynk» («Ukrainian zinc» named after S.Ordzhonikidze) 29 PJSC «Kramatorsk meat-processing plant» (of farming enterprise of mine named after Zasiadka) Kramatorsk city 30 OJSC «Donetsk chemicals plant» Donetsk city 31 PJSC «Concern Stirol» Horlivka city PJSC «KOMSOMOLSKE RUDOUPRAVLINNIA» Starobeshivskyi district 32 (from 01.03.2017 branch No. 8 CJSC «VNESHTORGSERVIS») Komsomolske village PJSC « «TORELAST» Sloviansk works» 33 Sloviansk city (nonworking)» «CJSC «Slovianskoliia» 34 Sloviansk city (SLOVIANSK OIL AND FAT PLANT)» 35 Ltd «REACTYV» Sloviansk city 36 PJSC «Horlivka meat-processing plant» Horlivka city PJSC «Mariupol graphite works» 37 Mariupol city («Markograf») 38 PJSC «Dokuchaevsk flux-dolomite works» Dokuchaevsk city «Khlibodarivka crushed stone plant 39 Khlibodarivka Donetsk region, Volnovaha district, Khlibodarivka station (Ukrzaliznytsa)» 40 PJSC «Avdiivka coking plant» Avdiivka city 41 State enterprise for drilling and blasting works «Donetskvybukhprom» (business interruption) Amvrosievka city 42 PJSC «Novotroitske mining group» Novotroitske Volnovaskyi district, Myrne 43 LLC «Social revival of Donbas» (bankruptcy) village 44 LLC «Termopromavtomatika» Kramatorsk city -75- Annex 2. TOP-100 Donetsk Region

45 PJSC «DONETSKSTAL» («Donetsk Steel») - Metallurgical plant» Branch «METALLURGICAL COMPLEX» Donetsk city PJSC «Donetsk Electrometallurgical Plant» 46 Donetsk city («Mechel») 47 ««ZUIVSKA POWER STATION» OF LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY «DTEK SKHIDENERGO» Zugres-2 city 48 PJSC «NOVOKRAMATORSKY MASHINOSTROITELNY ZAVOD» Kramatorsk city 49 Separate Subdivision «KURAKHIVSKA HEAT POWER STATION» of LLC «DTEK SKHIDENERGO» Kurakhove city 50 Donetsk State-Owned Chemicals Plant (DSOCP) of State Concern of Ukroborona Donetsk city 51 Proving ground of Donetsk State-Owned Chemicals Plant (DSOCP) of State Concern of Ukroborona Donetsk city 52 Limited Liability Company «Corum Druzhkovka Machine-Building Plant» Druzhkivka city 53 Ltd. «NPP «Metrika» Druzhkivka city 54 PJSC «DRUZHKIVSKYI METAL PRODUCTS PLANT» (Druzhkivskyi hardware plant) Druzhkivka city 55 State enterprise «Mariupol commercial Seaport» Mariupol city 56 PJSC «Makiivskyi Iron and Steel Works» (CJSC «Vneshtorgservis») Makiivka city 57 Public Utility Company «Donetskmiskvodokanal» (Donetsk Water-pumping enterprise) Donetsk city 58 Structural unit PJSC «Donbasenergo» Starobeshivska heat power station Starobesheve

59 Structural unit PJSC «Donbasenergo» Slov'yanska heat power station» Sloviansk city 60 PJSC «ISTEK» branch of «Horlivka coking Plant» Horlivka city urban settlement Andriivka Structural Structural self-supporting subdivision of «NAFTOBAZA» OF OJSC «ILLICH IRON AND STEEL 61 (Telmanivskyi/Volnovaskyi WORKS» district) 62 Limited Liability Company «Mykytrtut» Mykytivka (near Horlivka) 63 LLC «STIROL» Horlivka city 64 Ltd «Olimp» Donetsk city 65 PJSC «Kalchytskyi open pit» Kalchyk city 66 JSC «Urozhai PJSC» Kramatorsk city 67 Affiliated Company «Horlivka chemical plant» (business interruption) Horlivka city PJSC «Yenakievo Iron and Steel Works» 68 Yenakievo city (from 01.03.2017 branch No.2 CJSC «VNESHTORGSERVIS»)» «Makiivka branch of PJSC «Yenakiievskyi Iron and Steel Works» 69 Makiivka city (from 01.03.2017 branch No.2 CJSC «VNESHTORGSERVIS»)» -76- Ukrainian Research Institute of Engineering Ecology

«Ltd «Megateks» 70 Kostiantynivka city (former «Ukrtsink» plant named after Ordzhonikidze)» 71 JSC «Myronivskyi heat power station» PJSC «DTEK Donetskoblenergo» Myronivskyi State enterprise «Donetsk State Fire Department, for extinguishing, prevention of waste dumps and 72 land recultivation» Manufacturing Group «Donetskvugillia» Donetsk city («Donetsk coal») 73 Public Utility Company of Mykolaivka city council «SERVISKOMUNENERGO» Mykolaivka city 74 Ltd «Ecoresurs» Kostiantynivka city UDP «Ukrkhimtransamiak» AMMONIA PIPELINE 75 «HORLIVKA-LOZOVA» OF PRIDNIPROVSK MANAGEMENT OF MAIN Donetsk region AMMONIA PIPELINE OF THE STATE ENTERPRISE «UKRKHIMTRANSAMIAK» 76 Hryhoriivski waste dumps Makiivka city -Yasynuvata city 77 Polezhakivski waste dumps Donetsk city 78 Biosphere (Larinskyi landfill) Donetsk city 79 Limited liability Company «Artemivsk vodka distiller -plus» (Ruiny) Bakhmut city (Artemivsk) «Ukrsplav» plant (former KPD-2) 80 Donetsk city Limited liability Company «Industrial and commercial Group Ukrsplav» «Mini NPZ 81 Horlivka city (belonging was not determined)» 82 Open Joint Stock Company «State Energy Generating Company Tsentrenergo» Vuglegirska HPS Svitlodarsk city 83 Ltd «КМЕ - MAGMASERVIS UKRAINE» Mariupol city 84 KOSTIANTYNIVKA STATE RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE «KVARSIT» Kostiantynivka city 85 Ltd «Energocapital» Processing Plant «Antratsyt»/»Anthracite» Ltd «Energoimpeks» Makiivka city, Khanzhonkove 86 PJSC «Kramatorsk Cement Plant Pushka» Kramatorsk city 87 Ltd «Kramatorsk slate» Kramatorsk city 88 Ltd «Kramatorsk fello-alloy plant» Kramatorsk city near the Mykolaivka village on 89 Uranium mine the border of Volnovaskyi and Starobeshivskyi districts 90 Uranium mine Sloviansk district Adamovka «YUNKOM» mine 91 Yunokomunarovsk (closed in 2002)

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