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Habitat Associations and Community Interactions of Non-Native Species in the Southern Basin of Lake Michigan

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Habitat Associations and Community Interactions of Non-Native Species in the Southern Basin of Lake Michigan Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 2019 Habitat Associations and Community Interactions of Non-Native Species in the Southern Basin of Lake Michigan Erin O'shaughnessey Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation O'shaughnessey, Erin, "Habitat Associations and Community Interactions of Non-Native Species in the Southern Basin of Lake Michigan" (2019). Master's Theses. 4003. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/4003 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2019 Erin O'shaughnessey LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS AND COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS OF NON-NATIVE SPECIES IN THE SOUTHERN BASIN OF LAKE MICHIGAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAM IN BIOLOGY BY ERIN O’SHAUGHNESSEY CHICAGO, IL MAY 2019 Copyright by Erin O’Shaughnessey, 2019 ALL rights reserved ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was funded by IlLinois Department of NaturaL Resources. Thank you to my advisor Dr. Reuben KeLLer and my committee members Dr. Martin Berg and Dr. Tim HoeLLein for their time and comments on my thesis. Thanks to Dr. Victoria Prescott for the many hours spent heLping with data anaLysis and R, and at happy hours. Thanks aLso to Jenny Par and Deirdre Turner at Loyola University Chicago for their heLp in the lab and identifying molLusk samples. Thank you to RacheL Egly, Trent Henry, Jon Brenner, John Zink, GabrieLLe Habeeb, Bridie Hulsebsoch, and Shehla Chowdhury for their heLp in the fieLd and lab. FinaLLy, thanks to my famiLy and friends for their support during fieLd work and the writing process. iii To my parents and brothers for their support in aLL endeavors. In memory of Dave Shaughnessy, who passed away whiLe assisting with this research. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ iii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................X CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1 Non-native Species .......................................................................................................................2 Freshwater Invasions ....................................................................................................................3 Study Area ....................................................................................................................................7 Thesis Project ..............................................................................................................................11 CHAPTER II: WHEN INVADERS COLLIDE: COMPETITION, AGGRESSION, AND PREDATORS AFFECT OUTCOMES IN OVERLAPPNG POPULATIONS OF RED SWAMP (PROCAMBARUS CLARKII) AND RUSTY (FAXONIUS RUSTICUS) CRAYFISHES ...............................................................................................................................14 Introduction .................................................................................................................................14 Methods.......................................................................................................................................17 Trapping ...................................................................................................................................17 Competition Experiments ........................................................................................................19 Predation Experiment ...............................................................................................................21 Results .........................................................................................................................................22 Trapping ...................................................................................................................................22 Competition Experiments ........................................................................................................23 Predation Experiment ...............................................................................................................25 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................26 CHAPTER III: CURRENT STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVE AND NON- NATIVE CRAYFISHES IN THE CHICAGO REGION .............................................................32 Introduction .................................................................................................................................32 Methods.......................................................................................................................................38 Habitat Types and Sampling Effort .........................................................................................38 Sampling Methods ...................................................................................................................39 Catch Per Unit Effort ...............................................................................................................40 Data AnaLysis ...........................................................................................................................40 Results .........................................................................................................................................40 Species Distributions ...............................................................................................................43 Species Distributions (offshore) ..............................................................................................45 v Size Comparison of Species .....................................................................................................46 Overlap in Distributions ...........................................................................................................49 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................49 Invasive Crayfish Distribution .................................................................................................49 Native Crayfish Distribution ....................................................................................................52 Future Needs ............................................................................................................................54 CHAPTER IV: DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE MACROPHYTES AND MOLLUSKS IN THE CHICAGO REGION ..............58 Introduction .................................................................................................................................58 Methods.......................................................................................................................................61 Habitat Categories ....................................................................................................................61 Sampling: Locations ................................................................................................................61 Sampling Methods: Macrophytes ............................................................................................63 Sampling Methods: MolLusks ..................................................................................................64 Results .........................................................................................................................................66 ShoreLine anaLysis ....................................................................................................................66 Macrophytes .............................................................................................................................66 MolLusks ...................................................................................................................................71 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................75 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .....................................................................................................80 APPENDIX A: SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES AND TABLES ................................................83 LITERATURE CITED ..................................................................................................................97 VITA ............................................................................................................................................107
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