Master of City Planning
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
A Critical Evaluation of Space Requirements of Existing Industrial Estates in İzmir By Ersin TÜRK A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF CITY PLANNING Department: City and Regional Planning Major: City Planning İzmir Institute of Technology İzmir, Turkey September, 2003 We approve the thesis of Ersin TÜRK Date of Signature 10.09.2003 ---------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- Prof Dr. Akın SÜEL Department of City and Regional Planning Thesis Advisor 10.09.2003 ---------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- Assoc. Prof. Dr. Semahat ÖZDEMİR Department of City and Regional Planning 10.09.2003 ---------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- Assist. Prof. Dr. Murat GÜNAYDIN Department of Architecture 10.09.2003 ---------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- Prof. Dr. Akın SÜEL Head of Department of City and Regional Planning ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is a pleasure to acknowledge the help of many people during the writing of this thesis. I would first of all like to express my sincere thanks to my thesis adviser, Akın Süel and the members of the thesis jury, Semahat Özdemir and Murat Günaydın for their patince and intimate criticisms during the critical moments of the preparation and the presantation processes. I also would like to thank my dear Yeliz Mansuroğlu for her great help, my Canadian friend Kerim Zalat for his consultation and assistance on the composition of this thesis and Bülent İlktuğ for supplying me all essential datas I needed. I should not forget my friend Savaş for his moral support during my hard work. Finally, I devote this thesis to my father, mother, brother and sweetheart Yeliz who have all inspired and motivated me throughout my studies. iii ABSTRACT The main objective of this thesis is to examine and evaluate the industrial estates including 20 in total which have been established are currently being established.In addition the manufacturing industry will be wxamined and evaluated in relation to the progression of in critical industrial estates.İzmir contains the highest number of in Turkey ,hence a detailed evaluation will be made from a critical point of view on the required amount of space for the industrial estate in.Furthermore the policies of industrial estates in Turkey will be a critical aspect of the study. The main objectives of policies of 40 years include; reducing unbalance between regions, controling and directing industrial development, reducing unemployment and using industrial estates as a urban organizer.In this study, practiced policies of industrial estate with policies in development plans explained above and how much of these policies has been fulfilled will be discussed.In addition, the questions of which industrial estates have been successful and unsuccessful and the effective factors will be explained. In the case study, structure and historical development of manufacturing industry in İzmir were examined.The objectives of industrial estates to become widespread through the city, what actors have influenced policies of industrial estates and the goals of these actors on establishing industrial estates have been discussed.For this reason, establishment objectives and technical features of industrial estates that were active, on the process of construction and on site analysis stage were also examined. Afterwards, by Regression , Arima-Moving average and Exponential Smoothing-Holt Models expectation of manufacturing industries of İzmir and required space presuming establishments of manufacturing industries and their choice of places in industrial estates were estimated. With this objective first of all; practicing of industrial estates from some choosen countries, economical advantages of the industrial estates and the importance and allocation of industrial estates in urban and region planning were discussed.Second of all; some information was outlined in the development, judicial bases, establishment , location selection, administration and financing of industrial estates in Turkey. Third of iv all; the critical evaluation of practicing industrial estates in Turket and its results were done. Finally, analysing manufacturing industry of İzmir, space requirement of industrial estate in 2020 was estimated and some policies were proposed regarding the exist ance of industrial estates to avoid creating idle capacity. Key words: Industrial estate, industrialization, industry planning and manufacturing industry. v ÖZ Bu tezin temel amacı kurulmuş ve kurulmakta olan toplam 20 organize sanayi bölgesi (OSB) ile Türkiye’de en çok organize sanayi bölgesine sahip İzmir’in imalat sanayi yapısını inceleyerek, 2020 yılı OSB mekan gereksinimini tahmin etmek ve mevcut OSB mekan gereksiniminin eleştirel bir değerlendirmesini yapmaktır. Tezin amacına yönelik olarak Türkiye’nin organize sanayi bölgesi politikası değerlendirilmiştir. Planlı kalkınma dönemi ile birlikte uygulanmaya başlayan 40 yıllık OSB politikasının temel amaçları; bölgeler arası dengesizliği azaltmak, endüstriyel gelişmeyi kontrol etmek ve yönetmek, işsizliği azaltmak, sanayi bölgelerini kent düzenleyicisi olarak kullanmaktır.Bu çalışmada uygulanan OSB politikası ile yukarıda açıklanan kalkınma planlarındaki OSB politikalarının ne ölçüde gerçekleştirildiği tartışılmış ,hangi OSB’ lerin başarılı ve başarısız olduğu, ve bu konudaki etkili faktörlerin neler olduğu açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Alan çalışmasında, İzmir ili imalat sanayi yapısı ve tarihsel gelişimi incelenmiştir. OSB’lerin il genelinde yaygınlaştırılmasındaki hedeflerin neler olduğu, OSB politikasında hangi aktörlerin etkili olduğu ve bu aktörlerin OSB kurulmasındaki amaçlarının neler olduğu tartışılmıştır. Bu amaçla faaliyet,inşa ve etüt aşamasındaki OSB’lerin kuruluş amaçları ve teknik özellikleri incelenmiştir.Bundan sonra kurulacak imalat sanayi tesislerinin OSB’lerde yer seçeceği varsayılarak 2020 yılı İzmir ili imalat sanayindeki büyüme ve OSB alanı gereksinimi Regression , Arima-Moving average ve Exponential Smoothing-Holt Modelleri, kullanılarak tahmin edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla ilk olarak, seçilmiş bazı ülkelerin OSB’leri ,uygulamaları, OSB’lerin ekonomik avantajları ve OSB’lerin kent ve bölge planlama içindeki yeri ve önemi tartışılmıştır.İkinci olarak, Türkiye’de OSB uygulamasının gelişimine ,OSB’lerin hukuki dayanaklarına, kuruluşuna, yer seçimine, yönetimine ve finansmanına dair bilgiler aktarılmıştır.Üçüncü olarak, Türkiye OSB uygulamasının ve sonuçlarının İzmir imalat sanayi analiz edilerek, 2020 yılı OSB alan gereksinimi tahmin edilmeye çalışılmış ve İzmir’deki mevcut OSB’lerin atıl kapasite yaratmamasına yönelik politikalar önerilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Organize sanayi bölgesi, sanayileşme, sanayi planlaması ve imalat sanayi. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………..…....ix LIST OF GRAPHICS……………………………………………………………….…..xi LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………….…....xiv Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………1 Chapter 2 PRACTICES AND CONCEPT OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES IN THE WORLD…...…........……………...……………..7 2.1. Definition of Industrial Estates….......................................................................7 2.2. Practıces of Industrial Estates In The World …………………………………9 2.2.1. Industrial Estates In Developed Countries……………………………...11 2.2.2. Industrial Estates In Developing Countries…………………………….14 2.3. Types of Industrial Estates…………………………………………….……...17 2.4. Economic Benefits of Industrial Estates…………………………………..…...20 2.4.1. Economies of Scale………………………………………………...…..21 2.4.2. External Economies………………………………………………….....22 2.5. The Position and Importance of Industrial Estates in City and Region Planning................................................................................23 Chapter 3 PRACTICING OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES IN TURKEY……….27 3.1. The Development of Practicing Industrial Estates in Turkey…………………..27 3.2. The Judicial Bases of Industrial Estates in Turkey………………………...…..28 3.2.1. Fıve-Year Development Plans……………………………………….....28 3.2.2. Industrial Estates Law- 4562…………………………………………....33 3.3. Establishment of Industrial Estates………………………………………….....35 3.4. Location Selection of Industrial Estates……………………………………..38 3.5. Organization of Managment of Industrial Estates in Turkey…………...……..42 3.6. Financing of Industrial Estates in Turkey………………………...…………….47 vii Chapter 4 EVALUATION OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATE POLICY IN TURKEY…………………………………….………….51 4.1. State of Practicing Industrial Estate of Today………...………………………..51 4.1.2. Regional and Provincial Distribution of Industrial Estates……………..52 4.1.3. Completion Times…………………………………………..…………..57 4.1.4. Cost of Investment…………………………………………..…………62 4.1.5. Size of Industrial Estates……………………………………...……….65 4.1.6. Optimal Size of Industrial Estates in Turkey…………………..………66 4.1.7. The Demand for Industrial Estates………………………………...……67 4.2. Comparing Practices of Industrial Estates in Turkey to Practices of Industrial Estates in the West………………………….………….74 4.3. The Contribution of Industrial Estates Through Industrialization and Urbanization Process in Turkey……………….…………77 4.4. The Reasons for Industrial Estates of Being Unsuccesful…………………......81 Chapter 5 DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES AND MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN İZMİR……………...…86 5.1. The Development of Manufacturing Industry and Its Importance and Allocation in the Economy of Turkey……………………………….….…86 5.2 .Sectoral Development