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Space Plasma Introduction Rumi Nakamura

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INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG VOYAGE 2050 WORKSHOP, OCTOBER 29-31 2019, MADRID The Sun, planets, magnetosphere and plasma physics: Space Plasma Introduction Rumi Nakamura Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences IWF.OEAW.AC.AT (Moore, Burch et al., 2017) INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG IN-SITU PLASMA MEASUREMENTS Earth magnetosphere Heliosphere IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Space Plasma White Papers Solar & “Heliospheric” plasma • S. Matthews: Solar Particle Acceleration, Radiation & Kinetics • I. McCrea:"The Grand European Heliospheric Observatory" • R. Wimmer-Schweingruber: In-situ Investigations of the Local Interstellar Medium Near Earth plasma • J. Rae: What are the fundamental modes of energy transfer and partitioning in the coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere system? • A. Retino: Particle Energization in Space Plasmas: Towards a Multi-Point, Multi-Scale Plasma Observatory • D. Verscharen/R. Wicks: A Case for Electron-Astrophysics • G. Branduardi-Raymont: Exploring Solar-Terrestrial Interactions via Multiple Observers Planetary plasma • E. Roussos: The in-situ exploration of Jupiter's radiation belts • B. Sanchez-Cano: Mars' plasma system, Scientific potential of coordinated multi-point missions, 'The next generation‘ • M. Yamauchi: Plasma-neutral gas interactions in various space environments IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG White papers with also interest in space plasma Solar plasma • V. Krasnoselskikh: In situ studies of the solar corona after Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter Planets & Moons • L. Fletcher: Ice Giant Systems: Scientific Potential of Missions to Uranus and Neptune • A. Sulaiman: Enceladus and Titan: Emerging worlds of the solar system • G. Choblet: Enceladus as a potential oasis for life: Science goals and investigations for future explorations • S. Rodriguez: Science goals and mission concepts for a future orbital and in situ exploration of Titan • M. Blanc: Joint Europa Mission (JEM), A multiscale, multi-platform mission to characterize Europa’s habitability and search for extant life • J.-Y. Chaufray: UV Exploration of the solar system Comet • C. Götz: Cometary plasma sciences IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Space Plasma Physics WP Overview • Three main research directions • Solar wind – Earth/planetary plasma interactions • Fundamental plasma processes • Exploration of different plasma environment • All WP based on in-situ plasma/field measurements, some combined with imager IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Space plasma physics research directions Solar wind – Earth & Planet Fundamental plasma plasma interaction processes Astrophysical • Magnetospheric energy • Plasma energization plasma context Space weather conversion processes science & modeling • Global solar wind- • Neutral-plasma magnetosphere- interaction ionosphere interaction Input for surface evolution & atmospheric dynamics Exploration of different plasma environment • Plasma characterization IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Space plasma physics research directions Heliophysics Solar wind – Earth & Planet Fundamental plasma plasma interaction processes • Magnetospheric energy • Plasma energization conversion processes Astrophysics • Global solar wind- • Neutral-plasma magnetosphere interaction ionosphere interaction Planetary Physics Exploration of different plasma environment • Plasma characterization IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Space plasma physics research directions Solar wind – Earth & Planet Fundamental plasma plasma interaction processes • Magnetosphere energy • Plasma energization Astrophysical conversion processes plasma context Space weather Rae Retino Verscharen/Wicks science & modeling • Global solar wind- magnetosphere- Roussos Jupiter Matthews Sun McCrea ionosphere interaction • Neutral-plasma Input for surface Branduardi-Raymont interaction evolution & Mars Sanchez-Cano Yamauchi/Shimoyama Venus, atmospheric moons.. dynamics Exploration of different plasma environment • Plasma characterization inY targetWimmer system-Schweingruber ISM IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG What are the Fundamental Modes of Energy Transfer and Partitioning in the Coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System? Jonathan Rae, (MSSL/UCL, U.K.) Science themes • Global consequence of local plasma process • Spatial & temporal scales of magnetosphere- ionosphere coupling Observations • In-situ plasma/field measurements • Multi-point spacecraft constellation in Earth’s magnetosphere & ionosphere (ground-based) L, or M, S international colab. IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Exploring Solar-Terrestrial Interactions via Multiple Observers Graziella Branduardi-Raymont (MSSL/UCL, U.K.) Science Topics • How does solar wind energy flow through the Earth’s magnetosphere, how is it converted and distributed? Observations • Tomographic global imaging of cusps, auroral regions, plasmasphere and ring current, with insitu solar-wind monitor • Soft-Xray, FUV, ENA, EUV imager, plasma & magnetic field measurements • 2 sc in polar & equatorial circular orbits M: next step of SMILE (S, 2023+) IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG “The Grand European Heliospheric Observatory” An integrated ESA approach to challenges in Solar and Solar-Terrestrial physics Ian McCrea (RAL, UK) and Jonathan Rae (MSSL, UK) Research Strategy • Combined multiple missions from across the fields of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric physics for understanding space weather Observations • Sun : Long-term solar activity, outer solar atmosphere, solar magnetic flux emergence, solar flares and CMEs • Heliosphere: Solar wind acceleration, propagation • Magnetosphere: Magnetopause, energetics and dynamics, storm effects • Ionosphere: Energy partition, coupling to magnetosphere, thermosphere Multiple M, L IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Mars’ Plasma System Scientific potential of coordinated multipoint missions: “The next generation” Beatriz Sánchez-Cano (Univ. Leicester, U.K.) Science Topics • Solar wind impact on magnetosphere- ionosphere dynamics, 3D tail structure • Upper & lower atmosphere coupling • In-situ space weather monitoring Observations • In-situ plasma/field • Multi-point spacecraft with solar wind monitor • Observation from Mars surface: particle impact, magnetic field, electron density profile M IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Particle Energization in Space Plasmas: Towards a Multi-Point, Multi-Scale Plasma Observatory < Alessandro Retinò, LPP, France Science Themes • How are charged particles energized in space plasmas? • At shocks, magnetic reconnection, waves and turbulence, plasma jets ? Observations • In-situ plasma/field measurements • 7sc multi-scale (identical 7 sc or 1 large +6 small sc) • Near-Earth’s space (magnetosphere, L: Cross-Scale (M1 Phase A) concept) or solar wind)_ SCOPE (JAXA) type concept M: PROSPERO (F1 proposed) concept IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG A Case for Electron-Astrophysics Daniel Verscharen, Robert Wicks (MSSL/UCL, U.K.) Science Topics • How are electrons heated and accelerated in astrophysical plasmas? • Nature of waves and fluctuations at electron scales (smallest scales) Observations • Pristine solar wind (avoid complex dynamical region) as plasma laboratory • Thermal electron distribution functions, proton moments and fields from >1 main spacecraft (msc) + fields >1 deployable S: >2sc DEBYE (ESA F proposal) small satellite (dsc) M: better msc, L: >1sc msc IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG The in-situ Exploration of Jupiter’s Radiation Belts Elias Roussos (MPS, Germany) Science Topics • Heating, source/loss mechanism of Jupiter’s radiaton belt • Quantification of input energetic particles spectra to moon surface material Observations • Radiation belt monitor with dedicated instrumentation (and solar-wind monitor) • Main sc: Energetic particles, plasma/fields, ENA and/or Xray imager (and 2nd sc with in-situ plasma/field for L mission) L: 2sc, M: 1sc, F or S: flyby IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Solar Particle Acceleration, Radiation & Kinetics (SPARK) Sarah Matthews (MSSL/UCL, U.K.) Science Topics • Understanding solar particle acceleration • Processes responsible for accelerating ions and their relationships to electrons Observations • X-ray, Gamma-Ray Imager/ Polarimeter, UV/EUV/SXR imaging spectrometer in one platform, (SEP package for 2nd sc: L) • Combination of remote sensing (imaging spectroscopy) and in situ measurements M: single L1 sc L: dual L1 + L4 or L5 sc , also SEP IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Plasma-neutral gas interactions in various space environments Masatoshi Yamauchi & Manabu Shimoyama (IRF Kiruna, Sweden) Science Topics • Quantification of low-energy ion-neutral interaction in space • Its contribution to upper atmosphere dynamics and escape on planets/Earth/comets and to growth of heavy complex molecules Observations • Different environment: interstellar/planets/ Earth/moons/comets/solar corona • Ion composition, neutral velocity distributions • Plasma field package, remote sensing (ENA) M or F: 1-2 sc or instr. onboard mission X IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG In-situ Investigations of the Local Interstellar Medium Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber (Univ. Kiel, Germany) Science Topics • Solar wind - interstellar medium interaction • Properties of interstellar medium • Plasma-field interaction in an extremely rarefied, partially ionized plasma environment • Flyby science: Jupiter, Jupiter
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  • Perfect Little Planet Educator's Guide

    Perfect Little Planet Educator's Guide

    Educator’s Guide Perfect Little Planet Educator’s Guide Table of Contents Vocabulary List 3 Activities for the Imagination 4 Word Search 5 Two Astronomy Games 7 A Toilet Paper Solar System Scale Model 11 The Scale of the Solar System 13 Solar System Models in Dough 15 Solar System Fact Sheet 17 2 “Perfect Little Planet” Vocabulary List Solar System Planet Asteroid Moon Comet Dwarf Planet Gas Giant "Rocky Midgets" (Terrestrial Planets) Sun Star Impact Orbit Planetary Rings Atmosphere Volcano Great Red Spot Olympus Mons Mariner Valley Acid Solar Prominence Solar Flare Ocean Earthquake Continent Plants and Animals Humans 3 Activities for the Imagination The objectives of these activities are: to learn about Earth and other planets, use language and art skills, en- courage use of libraries, and help develop creativity. The scientific accuracy of the creations may not be as im- portant as the learning, reasoning, and imagination used to construct each invention. Invent a Planet: Students may create (draw, paint, montage, build from household or classroom items, what- ever!) a planet. Does it have air? What color is its sky? Does it have ground? What is its ground made of? What is it like on this world? Invent an Alien: Students may create (draw, paint, montage, build from household items, etc.) an alien. To be fair to the alien, they should be sure to provide a way for the alien to get food (what is that food?), a way to breathe (if it needs to), ways to sense the environment, and perhaps a way to move around its planet.