INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG VOYAGE 2050 WORKSHOP, OCTOBER 29-31 2019, MADRID The Sun, planets, magnetosphere and plasma physics: Space Plasma Introduction Rumi Nakamura Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences IWF.OEAW.AC.AT (Moore, Burch et al., 2017) INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG IN-SITU PLASMA MEASUREMENTS Earth magnetosphere Heliosphere IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Space Plasma White Papers Solar & “Heliospheric” plasma • S. Matthews: Solar Particle Acceleration, Radiation & Kinetics • I. McCrea:"The Grand European Heliospheric Observatory" • R. Wimmer-Schweingruber: In-situ Investigations of the Local Interstellar Medium Near Earth plasma • J. Rae: What are the fundamental modes of energy transfer and partitioning in the coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere system? • A. Retino: Particle Energization in Space Plasmas: Towards a Multi-Point, Multi-Scale Plasma Observatory • D. Verscharen/R. Wicks: A Case for Electron-Astrophysics • G. Branduardi-Raymont: Exploring Solar-Terrestrial Interactions via Multiple Observers Planetary plasma • E. Roussos: The in-situ exploration of Jupiter's radiation belts • B. Sanchez-Cano: Mars' plasma system, Scientific potential of coordinated multi-point missions, 'The next generation‘ • M. Yamauchi: Plasma-neutral gas interactions in various space environments IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG White papers with also interest in space plasma Solar plasma • V. Krasnoselskikh: In situ studies of the solar corona after Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter Planets & Moons • L. Fletcher: Ice Giant Systems: Scientific Potential of Missions to Uranus and Neptune • A. Sulaiman: Enceladus and Titan: Emerging worlds of the solar system • G. Choblet: Enceladus as a potential oasis for life: Science goals and investigations for future explorations • S. Rodriguez: Science goals and mission concepts for a future orbital and in situ exploration of Titan • M. Blanc: Joint Europa Mission (JEM), A multiscale, multi-platform mission to characterize Europa’s habitability and search for extant life • J.-Y. Chaufray: UV Exploration of the solar system Comet • C. Götz: Cometary plasma sciences IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Space Plasma Physics WP Overview • Three main research directions • Solar wind – Earth/planetary plasma interactions • Fundamental plasma processes • Exploration of different plasma environment • All WP based on in-situ plasma/field measurements, some combined with imager IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Space plasma physics research directions Solar wind – Earth & Planet Fundamental plasma plasma interaction processes Astrophysical • Magnetospheric energy • Plasma energization plasma context Space weather conversion processes science & modeling • Global solar wind- • Neutral-plasma magnetosphere- interaction ionosphere interaction Input for surface evolution & atmospheric dynamics Exploration of different plasma environment • Plasma characterization IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Space plasma physics research directions Heliophysics Solar wind – Earth & Planet Fundamental plasma plasma interaction processes • Magnetospheric energy • Plasma energization conversion processes Astrophysics • Global solar wind- • Neutral-plasma magnetosphere interaction ionosphere interaction Planetary Physics Exploration of different plasma environment • Plasma characterization IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Space plasma physics research directions Solar wind – Earth & Planet Fundamental plasma plasma interaction processes • Magnetosphere energy • Plasma energization Astrophysical conversion processes plasma context Space weather Rae Retino Verscharen/Wicks science & modeling • Global solar wind- magnetosphere- Roussos Jupiter Matthews Sun McCrea ionosphere interaction • Neutral-plasma Input for surface Branduardi-Raymont interaction evolution & Mars Sanchez-Cano Yamauchi/Shimoyama Venus, atmospheric moons.. dynamics Exploration of different plasma environment • Plasma characterization inY targetWimmer system-Schweingruber ISM IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG What are the Fundamental Modes of Energy Transfer and Partitioning in the Coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System? Jonathan Rae, (MSSL/UCL, U.K.) Science themes • Global consequence of local plasma process • Spatial & temporal scales of magnetosphere- ionosphere coupling Observations • In-situ plasma/field measurements • Multi-point spacecraft constellation in Earth’s magnetosphere & ionosphere (ground-based) L, or M, S international colab. IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Exploring Solar-Terrestrial Interactions via Multiple Observers Graziella Branduardi-Raymont (MSSL/UCL, U.K.) Science Topics • How does solar wind energy flow through the Earth’s magnetosphere, how is it converted and distributed? Observations • Tomographic global imaging of cusps, auroral regions, plasmasphere and ring current, with insitu solar-wind monitor • Soft-Xray, FUV, ENA, EUV imager, plasma & magnetic field measurements • 2 sc in polar & equatorial circular orbits M: next step of SMILE (S, 2023+) IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG “The Grand European Heliospheric Observatory” An integrated ESA approach to challenges in Solar and Solar-Terrestrial physics Ian McCrea (RAL, UK) and Jonathan Rae (MSSL, UK) Research Strategy • Combined multiple missions from across the fields of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric physics for understanding space weather Observations • Sun : Long-term solar activity, outer solar atmosphere, solar magnetic flux emergence, solar flares and CMEs • Heliosphere: Solar wind acceleration, propagation • Magnetosphere: Magnetopause, energetics and dynamics, storm effects • Ionosphere: Energy partition, coupling to magnetosphere, thermosphere Multiple M, L IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Mars’ Plasma System Scientific potential of coordinated multipoint missions: “The next generation” Beatriz Sánchez-Cano (Univ. Leicester, U.K.) Science Topics • Solar wind impact on magnetosphere- ionosphere dynamics, 3D tail structure • Upper & lower atmosphere coupling • In-situ space weather monitoring Observations • In-situ plasma/field • Multi-point spacecraft with solar wind monitor • Observation from Mars surface: particle impact, magnetic field, electron density profile M IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Particle Energization in Space Plasmas: Towards a Multi-Point, Multi-Scale Plasma Observatory < Alessandro Retinò, LPP, France Science Themes • How are charged particles energized in space plasmas? • At shocks, magnetic reconnection, waves and turbulence, plasma jets ? Observations • In-situ plasma/field measurements • 7sc multi-scale (identical 7 sc or 1 large +6 small sc) • Near-Earth’s space (magnetosphere, L: Cross-Scale (M1 Phase A) concept) or solar wind)_ SCOPE (JAXA) type concept M: PROSPERO (F1 proposed) concept IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG A Case for Electron-Astrophysics Daniel Verscharen, Robert Wicks (MSSL/UCL, U.K.) Science Topics • How are electrons heated and accelerated in astrophysical plasmas? • Nature of waves and fluctuations at electron scales (smallest scales) Observations • Pristine solar wind (avoid complex dynamical region) as plasma laboratory • Thermal electron distribution functions, proton moments and fields from >1 main spacecraft (msc) + fields >1 deployable S: >2sc DEBYE (ESA F proposal) small satellite (dsc) M: better msc, L: >1sc msc IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG The in-situ Exploration of Jupiter’s Radiation Belts Elias Roussos (MPS, Germany) Science Topics • Heating, source/loss mechanism of Jupiter’s radiaton belt • Quantification of input energetic particles spectra to moon surface material Observations • Radiation belt monitor with dedicated instrumentation (and solar-wind monitor) • Main sc: Energetic particles, plasma/fields, ENA and/or Xray imager (and 2nd sc with in-situ plasma/field for L mission) L: 2sc, M: 1sc, F or S: flyby IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Solar Particle Acceleration, Radiation & Kinetics (SPARK) Sarah Matthews (MSSL/UCL, U.K.) Science Topics • Understanding solar particle acceleration • Processes responsible for accelerating ions and their relationships to electrons Observations • X-ray, Gamma-Ray Imager/ Polarimeter, UV/EUV/SXR imaging spectrometer in one platform, (SEP package for 2nd sc: L) • Combination of remote sensing (imaging spectroscopy) and in situ measurements M: single L1 sc L: dual L1 + L4 or L5 sc , also SEP IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG Plasma-neutral gas interactions in various space environments Masatoshi Yamauchi & Manabu Shimoyama (IRF Kiruna, Sweden) Science Topics • Quantification of low-energy ion-neutral interaction in space • Its contribution to upper atmosphere dynamics and escape on planets/Earth/comets and to growth of heavy complex molecules Observations • Different environment: interstellar/planets/ Earth/moons/comets/solar corona • Ion composition, neutral velocity distributions • Plasma field package, remote sensing (ENA) M or F: 1-2 sc or instr. onboard mission X IWF.OEAW.AC.AT INSTITUT FÜR WELTRAUMFORSCHUNG In-situ Investigations of the Local Interstellar Medium Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber (Univ. Kiel, Germany) Science Topics • Solar wind - interstellar medium interaction • Properties of interstellar medium • Plasma-field interaction in an extremely rarefied, partially ionized plasma environment • Flyby science: Jupiter, Jupiter